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Journal articles on the topic 'Psammomys Obesus'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 May 2024

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1

Sanigorski, A., D. Cameron-Smith, P. Lewandowski, K. Walder, A. de Silva, G. Morton, and GR Collier. "Impact of obesity and leptin treatment on adipocyte gene expression in Psammomys obesus." Journal of Endocrinology 164, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1640045.

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We examined the effects of leptin treatment on the expression of key genes in adipocyte metabolism in Psammomys obesus (P. obesus), a polygenic rodent model of obesity. Lean and obese P. obesus were given three daily intraperitoneal injections of either saline or leptin (total of 45 mg/kg per day) for 7 days. In lean animals, leptin treatment led to reductions in food intake, body weight and fat mass. Pair-fed animals matched for the reduction in food intake of the lean leptin-treated animals demonstrated similar reductions in body weight and fat mass. In obese P. obesus, leptin treatment failed to have any effect on body weight or body fat mass, indicating leptin resistance. Lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in lean leptin-treated animals, whereas pair-fed animals were similar to lean controls. Uncoupling protein 2 and glycerol phosphate acyltransferase were also reduced in the lean leptin-treated animals, but not significantly so. Obese animals did not show any gene expression changes after leptin treatment. In conclusion, high circulating concentrations of leptin in lean P. obesus resulted in decreased gene expression of a number of key lipid enzymes, independent of changes in food intake, body weight and fat mass. These effects of leptin were not found in obese P. obesus.

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2

Levy, Emile, Geneviève Lalonde, Edgard Delvin, Mounib Elchebly, Louis P. Précourt, Nabil G. Seidah, Schohraya Spahis, Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret, and Ehud Ziv. "Intestinal and Hepatic Cholesterol Carriers in Diabetic Psammomys obesus." Endocrinology 151, no. 3 (February 3, 2010): 958–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-0866.

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Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are characterized by hyperlipidemia. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether T2D contributes to abnormal cholesterol (CHOL) homeostasis. Experiments were carried out in the small intestine and liver of Psammomys obesus, a model of nutritionally induced T2D. Our results show that diabetic animals exhibited a lower intestinal CHOL uptake, which was associated with a decrease in 1) the gene and protein expression of Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 that plays a pivotal role in CHOL incorporation in the enterocytes; and 2) mRNA of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC)A1 that mediates CHOL efflux from intestinal cells to apolipoprotein A-I and high-density lipoprotein. No changes were observed in the other intestinal transporters scavenger receptor-class B type I (SR-BI) and annexin 2. On the other hand, in diabetic animals, a significant mRNA decrease was noticed in intestinal ABCG5 and ABCG8 responsible for the secretion of absorbed CHOL back into the lumen. Furthermore, jejunal PCSK9 protein was diminished and low-density lipoprotein receptor was raised, along with a significant down-regulation in jejunal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in P. obesus with T2D. Finally, among the transcription factors tested, only an increase in liver X receptors α and a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors δ/β mRNAs were detected in the intestine. In the liver, there was 1) an augmentation in the protein mass of Niemann-Pick C1 like 1, SR-BI, and annexin 2; 2) an up-regulation of SR-BI mRNA; 3) a fall in ABCG8 protein content as well as in ABCG5 and ABCA1 mRNA; and 4) an augmentation in liver X receptors α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors β/δ mRNA, together with a drop in sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 protein. Our findings show that the development in P. obesus with T2D modifies the whole intraenterocyte and hepatocyte machinery responsible for CHOL homeostasis.

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3

Heled, Yuval, Yair Shapiro, Yoav Shani, Dani S. Moran, Lea Langzam, Liora Braiman, Sanford R. Sampson, and Joseph Meyerovitch. "Physical exercise prevents the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Psammomys obesus." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 282, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): E370—E375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00296.2001.

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We hypothesized that exercise training might prevent diabetes mellitus in Psammomys obesus. Animals were assigned to three groups: high-energy diet (CH), high-energy diet and exercise (EH), and low-energy diet (CL). The EH group ran on a treadmill 5 days/wk, twice a day. After 4 wk, 93% of the CH group were diabetic compared with only 20% of the EH group. There was no difference in weight gain among the groups. Both EH and CH groups were hyperinsulinemic. Epididymal fat (% of body weight) was higher in the CH group than in either the EH and or the CL group. Protein kinase C (PKC)-δ activity and serine phosphorylation were higher in the EH group. No differences were found in tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase among the groups. We demonstrate for the first time that exercise training effectively prevents the progression of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Psammomys obesus. PKC-δ may be involved in the adaptive effects of exercise in skeletal muscles that lead to the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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4

Walder, K., M. Willet, P. Zimmet, and G. R. Collier. "Ob (obese) gene expression and leptin levels in Psammomys obesus." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1354, no. 3 (November 1997): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00083-3.

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5

Kalman, R., E. Ziv, E. Shafrir, H. Bar-On, and R. Perez. "Psammomys obesus and the albino rat-two different models of nutritional insulin resistance, representing two different types of human populations." Laboratory Animals 35, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0023677011911949.

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Animal models for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are required for the study of the mechanism of these phenomena and for a better understanding of diabetes complications in human populations. Type 2 diabetes is a syndrome that affects 5-10% of the adult population. Hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, obesity and hypertension, all form a cluster of risk factors that increase the risk of coronary artery disease, and are known as insulin resistance syndrome or syndrome X. The gerbil, Psammomys obesus is characterized by primary insulin resistance and is a well-defined model for dietary induced type 2 diabetes. Weanling Psammomys and Albino rats were held individually for several weeks on high energy (HE) and low energy (LE) diets in order to determine the development of metabolic changes leading to diabetes. Feeding Psammomys on HE diet resulted in hyperglycaemia (303 ± 40 mg/dl), hyperinsulinaemia (194 ± 31 µU/ml) and a moderate elevation in body weight, obesity and plasma triglycerides. Albino rats on HE diet demonstrated an elevation in plasma insulin (30 ± 4 µU/ml), hypertriglyceridaemia (170 µ 11 mg/dl), an elevation in body weight and obesity, but maintained normoglycaemia (98 µ 6 mg/dl). Psammomys represent a model that is similar to human populations, with primary insulin resistance expressed in young age, which leads to a high percentage of adult type 2 diabetes. Examples for such populations are the Pima Indians, Australian Aborigines and many other Third World populations. The results indicate that the metabolism of Psammomys is well adapted towards life in a low energy environment, where Psammomys takes advantage of its capacity for a constant accumulation of adipose tissue that will serve for maintenance and breeding in periods of scarcity. This metabolism known as 'thrifty metabolism', is compromised at a high nutrient intake.

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6

Bendayan, M., D. Malide, E. Ziv, E. Levy, R. Ben-Sasson, R. Kalman, H. Bar-On, M. Chrétien, and N. Seidah. "Immunocytochemical investigation of insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells in control and diabetic Psammomys obesus." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 43, no. 8 (August 1995): 771–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/43.8.7622840.

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Hyperproinsulinemia is a characteristic feature of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) caused by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction through a secretion-related alteration or impaired proinsulin processing. We have investigated the insulin processing and secretion in Psammomys obesus fed with low- and high-energy diets, which represent a model for diet-induced NIDDM. With a high-energy diet the animals develop hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, whereas those maintained on a low-energy diet remain normoglycemic. Although a large amount of insulin immunoreactivity was detected in beta-cells of the normoglycemic compared to hyperglycemic animals, in situ hybridization for insulin mRNA demonstrated a particularly high signal in the beta-cells of the hyperglycemic animals. By electron microscopy, the beta-cells of normoglycemic animals displayed large accumulations of secretory granules, whereas those of the hyperglycemic animals contained very few granules and large deposits of glycogen. These results reflect a secretory resting condition for the cells of the normoglycemic animals in contrast to stimulated synthetic and secretory activities in the cells of the hyperglycemic ones. Using colloidal gold immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level, we have examined subcellular proinsulin processing in relation to the convertases PC1 and PC2. Immunolabeling of proinsulin, insulin, C-peptide, PC1, and PC2 in different cell compartments involved in beta-cell secretion were evaluated. Both PC1 and PC2 antigenic sites were detected in beta-cells of hyperglycemic Psammomys, but their labeling intensity was weak compared to the cells of normoglycemic animals. In both groups of animals, higher levels of PC2 were found in the Golgi apparatus than in the immature granules. Major decreases in proinsulin, insulin, PC1, and PC2 immunoreactivity were recorded in beta-cells of the hyperglycemic Psammomys. In addition, all these antigenic sites were detected in lysosome-like structures, revealing a major degradation process. These results suggest that the insulin-secreting cells in hyperglycemic Psammomys obesus are in a chronic secretory state during which impaired processing of proinsulin appears to take place.

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7

Leckström, A., E. Ziv, E. Shafrir, and P. Westermark. "Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in Psammomys obesus (Sand Rat)." Pancreas 15, no. 4 (November 1997): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006676-199711000-00005.

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8

Omari, N., F. Hadj Bekkouche, S. Aouichat-Bouguerra, and Y. Dahmani-Ait Akli. "Syndrome métabolique chez un rongeur déserticole (Psammomys obesus)." Journal des Maladies Vasculaires 38, no. 2 (March 2013): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmv.2012.12.045.

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9

Steinbach, T. J., and J. D. Kane. "Brunner’s Gland Hyperplasia in the Sand Rat (Psammomys obesus)." Veterinary Pathology 50, no. 4 (September 6, 2012): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985812459338.

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10

Hamlat, N., S. Neggazi, Y. Benazzoug, G. Kacimi, M. Ardjoun, M. C. Bourdillon, and S. Aouichat-Bouguerra. "Tu-P7:45 Psammomys obesus, animal model of atherosclerosis." Atherosclerosis Supplements 7, no. 3 (January 2006): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1567-5688(06)80753-1.

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11

Gadot, M., G. Leibowitz, E. Shafrir, E. Cerasi, D. J. Gross, and N. Kaiser. "Hyperproinsulinemia and insulin deficiency in the diabetic Psammomys obesus." Endocrinology 135, no. 2 (August 1994): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.135.2.8033810.

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12

Marquie´, G., M. Th Pierragi, M. Sebbar, S. Khal layoun, J. L. Rumeau, N. Dousset, P. Hadjiisky, J. Duhault, and J. Espinal. "Development of atherosclerosis in diabetic sand rats (Psammomys obesus)." Atherosclerosis 109, no. 1-2 (September 1994): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(94)93042-2.

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13

Lan, Yanhong, Mengjia Liu, and Yi Cao. "The complete mitochondrial genome of Psammomys obesus (Rodentia: Muridae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2017.1422396.

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14

Bozaoglu, Kiymet, Kristy Bolton, Janine McMillan, Paul Zimmet, Jeremy Jowett, Greg Collier, Ken Walder, and David Segal. "Chemerin Is a Novel Adipokine Associated with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome." Endocrinology 148, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 4687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0175.

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Soluble protein hormones are key regulators of a number of metabolic processes, including food intake and insulin sensitivity. We have used a signal sequence trap to identify genes that encode secreted or membrane-bound proteins in Psammomys obesus, an animal model of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Using this signal sequence trap, we identified the chemokine chemerin as being a novel adipokine. Gene expression of chemerin and its receptor, chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), was significantly higher in adipose tissue of obese and type 2 diabetic P. obesus compared with lean, normoglycemic P. obesus. Fractionation of P. obesus adipose tissue confirmed that chemerin was predominantly expressed in adipocytes, whereas CMKLR1 was expressed in both adipocytes and stromal-vascular cells of adipose tissue. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, chemerin was markedly induced during differentiation, whereas CMKLR1 was down-regulated during differentiation. Serum chemerin levels were measured by ELISA in human plasma samples from 114 subjects with T2D and 142 normal glucose tolerant controls. Plasma chemerin levels were not significantly different between subjects with T2D and normal controls. However, in normal glucose tolerant subjects, plasma chemerin levels were significantly associated with body mass index, circulating triglycerides, and blood pressure. Here we report, for the first time, that chemerin is an adipokine, and circulating levels of chemerin are associated with several key aspects of metabolic syndrome.

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15

Drouai, Hakim, Mohammed Belhamra, and Fateh Mimeche. "Inventory and distribution of the rodents in Aurès Mountains and Ziban oasis (Northeast of Algeria)." Anales de Biología, no. 40 (March 16, 2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesbio.40.06.

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Nuestro estudio muestra un inventario de roedores del noroeste de Argelia. Tas especies se capturaron en dos regiones: Taouziant (Montañas Aurès ) y Bouchagroune (oasis de Ziban). El periodo de muestreo duró diez mees en cada lugar: en Taouziant de febrero a nobiembre de 2014 y en Bouchagroune de septiembre de 2013 a junio de 2014. El método de trampeo en línea fue llevado a cabo mediante 40 jaulas-trampas instaladas en las regiones de estudio. Se capturaron ocho especies, que pertenecen a tres subfamilias y seis géneros. Tres especies se distribuyen en las dos regiones Rattus rattus, Mus musculus y Gerbillus amoenus. Tres especies se capturaron en los campos de cereal de Taouziant ( Rattus norvegicus, Meriones shawii y Jaculus jaculus) y dos especies en el palmeral de Bouchagroune (Psammomys obesus y Gerbillus gerbillus) Our study presents an inventory of rodents in Northeast of Algeria. The species were captured at two regions: Taouziant (Aurès Montain) and Bouchagroune (Ziban oasis). The sampling period takes ten months at each site: in Taouziant between February to November 2014 and in Bouchagroune, from September 2013 to June 2014. The method of trapping online was performed using 40 wire traps installed at the studied regions. Eight species were captured. They belong to three subfamilies and six genera. Three species occur in the two regions: Rattus rattus, Mus musculus and Gerbillus amoenus. Three species were captured in Taouziant cereal fields ( Rattus norvegicus, Meriones shawii and Jaculus jaculus) and two species were found in Bouchagroune palm grove (Psammomys obesus and Gerbillus gerbillus)

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16

Chrigui, Souhaieb, Sameh Hadj Taieb, Hedya Jemai, Sihem Mbarek, Maha Benlarbi, Monssef Feki, Zohra Haouas, Ayachi Zemmel, Rafika Ben Chaouacha-Chekir, and Nourhène Boudhrioua. "Anti-Obesity and Anti-Dyslipidemic Effects of Salicornia arabica Decocted Extract in Tunisian Psammomys obesus Fed a High-Calorie Diet." Foods 12, no. 6 (March 11, 2023): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12061185.

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Salicornia is a halophyte plant that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of scurvy, goiter, and hypertension. It is commercialized in Europe and Asia as fresh salads, pickled vegetables, green salt, or tea powder. This work is the first to assess the potential anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemic effects of Salicornia arabica decocted extract (SADE). SADE was characterized by its significant in vitro radical scavenging activity (using DPPH and ABTS assays). The effect of SADE on food intake, weight loss, serum biochemical parameters, liver and kidney weights, adiposity index and on liver histology was investigated in the Tunisian gerbil Psammomys obesus (P. obesus), which is recognized as a relevant animal model of human obesity and diabetes. P. obesus animals were firstly randomly divided into two groups: the first received a natural low-calorie chow diet (LCD), and the second group received a high-calorie diet (HCD) over 12 weeks. On day 90, animals were divided into four groups receiving or not receiving SADE (LCD, LCD + SADE, HCD, and HCD + SADE). If compared to the HCD group, SADE oral administration (300 mg/kg per day during 4 weeks) in HCD + SADE group showed on day 120 a significant decrease in body weight (−34%), blood glucose (−47.85%), serum levels of total cholesterol (−54.92%), LDL cholesterol (−60%), triglycerides (−48.03%), and of the levels of hepatic enzymes: ASAT (−66.28%) and ALAT (−31.87%). Oral administration of SADE restored the relative liver weight and adiposity index and significantly limited HCD-induced hepatic injury in P. obesus. SADE seems to have promising in vivo anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemic effects.

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17

Ilan, M., and Y. Yom-Tov. "Diel Activity Pattern of a Diurnal Desert Rodent, Psammomys obesus." Journal of Mammalogy 71, no. 1 (February 20, 1990): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1381317.

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18

Daly, Martin, and Sandra Daly. "Behavior of Psammomys obesus (Rodenth: Gerbillinae) in the Algerian Sahara." Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 37, no. 3 (April 26, 2010): 298–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1975.tb00882.x.

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19

Gernigon-Spychalowicz, Thérèse, Michel Berger, and Pierre Lécher. "Seasonal changes in sexual function of Psammomys obesus – histocytological studies." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 105, S 03 (July 15, 2009): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211857.

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20

Chaouad, Billel, Elara N. Moudilou, Adel Ghoul, Fouzia Zerrouk, Anissa Moulahoum, Khira Othmani-Mecif, Mohamed El Hadi Cherifi, Jean-Marie Exbrayat, and Yasmina Benazzoug. "Hyperhomocysteinemia and myocardial remodeling in the sand rat, Psammomys obesus." Acta Histochemica 121, no. 7 (October 2019): 823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2019.07.008.

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21

Molero, Juan Carlos, Scott Lee, Ilit Leizerman, Ayelet Chajut, Adrian Cooper, and Ken Walder. "Effects of rosiglitazone on intramyocellular lipid accumulation in Psammomys obesus." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease 1802, no. 2 (February 2010): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.10.002.

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22

Halperin, M., and J. H. Adler. "Studies on the "labile-bound" glucose compartment in erythrocytes: studies on Psammomys obesus (sand rat) and preliminary studies on human erythrocytes." Clinical Chemistry 31, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 1219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.7.1219.

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Abstract Enzymatic (glucose oxidase) measurement of glucose concentration in the fluid compartment of Psammomys erythrocytes (Gfe) and of its concentration in the fluid compartment of blood plasma (Gfp) gives the ratio (mean +/- SD): Gfe/Gfp = 1.50 +/- 0.43 (n = 12, 23 degrees C). However, when we added 3H-labeled glucose (G*) in vitro to the whole blood, the ratio after 2 min was G*fe/G*fp = 0.90 (SD 0.11) and after 5 min G*fe/G*fp = 0.97 (SD 0.12). These calculations were based on previous determination of the fractional volumes of the fluid and non-fluid compartments in Psammomys blood. The results suggest that there is more than one compartment of measurable glucose in Psammomys erythrocytes. Glucose undergoes a fast free transfer between the plasma and the erythrocyte fluids, and a much slower transmission to another measurable compartment in the erythrocyte, where it is loosely bound to other molecules. This loosely bound glucose does not participate in the fast kinetic transmission across the erythrocyte membrane, but it is measurable by the glucose-oxidase-based method. Preliminary studies on human erythrocytes lead to similar conclusions.

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23

Horowitz, M., and S. Samueloff. "Cardiac output distribution in thermally dehydrated rodents." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 254, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): R109—R116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.1.r109.

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The effect of thermal dehydration (37 degrees C) on the integrated response of the circulation was studied in conscious laboratory rats and in the desert species Psammomys obesus, the latter being studied prior to and following acclimation to heat. Cardiac output (CO) and its distribution were measured using labeled microspheres with the reference organ technique. At low dehydration (7-9% body wt loss) rats showed peripheral vasodilation coincidentally with splanchnic vasoconstriction, whereas the desert species exhibited an increased CO and peripheral vasodilation with no change in splanchnic blood perfusion. At severe dehydration (10-18% body wt loss), closure of skin arteriovenous anastomoses together with splanchnic vasodilation was observed in both species. These changes were discussed in relation to plasma volume conservation mechanism and its deterioration. Acclimation to heat resulted in no change in CO, whereas blood flow to splanchnic and skin capillaries increased remarkably. Dehydration in heat-acclimated P. obesus (5-10% body wt loss) brought about a significant fall in CO. However, most organs maintained relatively stable blood flow. This might contribute to better survival during heat stress.

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Barhoumi, Walid, Ifhem Chelbi, Wasfi Fares, Sami Zhioua, Mohamed Abbas, Mohamed Derbali, Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigao, and Elyes Zhioua. "Risk Assessment of the Role of the Ecotones in the Transmission of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179274.

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Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), endemic in Central and Southern Tunisia, is caused by Leishmania major (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), which is transmitted by the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi. In Tunisia, the fat sand rat Psammomys obesus and the desert jird Meriones shawi are the principal reservoir hosts of L. major. The presence of the P. papatasi vector of the L. major etiologic agent of ZCL was assessed in the vicinity of villages in endemic areas of Central Tunisia. The study was performed from September through October 2019, a period corresponding to the main peak of activity of P. papatasi. Sand flies were collected from rodent burrows located at the ecotone level, which is the transition zone between the natural environment and human settlement. Sand flies were identified to species level and tested for the presence of L. major by PCR. Our entomological survey showed that P. papatasi is the most abundant sand fly species associated with rodent burrows, and this abundance is even higher in ecotones primarily occupied by P. obesus in comparison to ecotones occupied by M. shawi. Infections with Leishmania major were detected only in P. papatasi, with an overall minimum infection rate (MIR) of 2.64%. No significant difference was observed between the MIRs in ecotones of P. obesus and of M. shawi. Incidence of ZCL in the studied areas ranged from 200 to 700 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a mean incidence of 385.41 per 100,000. Higher ZCL incidence was identified in ecotones of M. shawi compared to ecotones of P. obesus. ZCL cases are positively correlated with the MIRs. Considering the short flight range of P. papatasi, increases in its densities associated with burrows of P. obesus or M. shawi at the ecotone level expand the overlap of infected vectors with communities and subsequently increase ZCL incidence. Therefore, control measures should target P. papatasi populations at the ecotones.

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25

Trevaskis, James, Ken Walder, Victoria Foletta, Lyndal Kerr-Bayles, Janine McMillan, Adrian Cooper, Scott Lee, et al. "Src Homology 3-Domain Growth Factor Receptor-Bound 2-Like (Endophilin) Interacting Protein 1, a Novel Neuronal Protein that Regulates Energy Balance." Endocrinology 146, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 3757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-0282.

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Abstract To identify genes involved in the central regulation of energy balance, we compared hypothalamic mRNA from lean and obese Psammomys obesus, a polygenic model of obesity, using differential display PCR. One mRNA transcript was observed to be elevated in obese, and obese diabetic, P. obesus compared with lean animals and was subsequently found to be increased 4-fold in the hypothalamus of lethal yellow agouti (Ay/a) mice, a murine model of obesity and diabetes. Intracerebroventricular infusion of antisense oligonucleotide targeted to this transcript selectively suppressed its hypothalamic mRNA levels and resulted in loss of body weight in both P. obesus and Sprague Dawley rats. Reductions in body weight were mediated by profoundly reduced food intake without a concomitant reduction in metabolic rate. Yeast two-hybrid screening, and confirmation in mammalian cells by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer analysis, demonstrated that the protein it encodes interacts with endophilins, mediators of synaptic vesicle recycling and receptor endocytosis in the brain. We therefore named this transcript Src homology 3-domain growth factor receptor-bound 2-like (endophilin) interacting protein 1 (SGIP1). SGIP1 encodes a large proline-rich protein that is expressed predominantly in the brain and is highly conserved between species. Together these data suggest that SGIP1 is an important and novel member of the group of neuronal molecules required for the regulation of energy homeostasis.

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Collier, G. R., K. Walder, A. de Silva, G. Morton, and P. Zimmet. "Diabetes, obesity and leptin in the Israeli sand rat (Psammomys obesus)." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 105, S 03 (July 15, 2009): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211851.

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27

Mikat, E. M., J. M. Weiss, S. M. Schanberg, J. V. Bartolome, L. E. Palmos, D. B. Hackel, and R. B. Williams. "Development of atherosclerotic-like lesions in the sand rat (Psammomys obesus)." Coronary Artery Disease 1, no. 4 (July 1990): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019501-199007000-00009.

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28

Trevaskis, Jim, Ken Walder, Kelly Windmill, Janine McMillan, Sharon Jones, Greg Morton, Scott Lee, and Guy Augert. "Beacon administration increases food intake and body weight in Psammomys obesus." Regulatory Peptides 94, no. 1-3 (October 2000): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-0115(00)80013-0.

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29

Silberberg, Ruth. "The Vertebral Column of Diabetic Sand Rats (Psammomys obesus)." Pathobiology 56, no. 4 (1988): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000163483.

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Jörns, A., K. J. Rath, O. Bock, and S. Lenzen. "Beta cell death in hyperglycaemic Psammomys obesus is not cytokine-mediated." Diabetologia 49, no. 11 (September 20, 2006): 2704–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0413-2.

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Atek-Mebarki, Feriel, Aziz Hichami, Souleymane Abdoul-Azize, Arezki Bitam, Elhadj Ahmed Koceïr, and Naim Akhtar Khan. "Eicosapentaenoic acid modulates fatty acid metabolism and inflammation in Psammomys obesus." Biochimie 109 (February 2015): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2014.12.004.

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Attali, Veronique, Marcela Parnes, Yafa Ariav, Erol Cerasi, Nurit Kaiser, and Gil Leibowitz. "Regulation of Insulin Secretion and Proinsulin Biosynthesis by Succinate." Endocrinology 147, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 5110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-0496.

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Succinate stimulates insulin secretion and proinsulin biosynthesis. We studied the effects of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-modulating pathways on glucose- and succinate-stimulated insulin secretion and proinsulin biosynthesis in the rat and the insulin-resistant Psammomys obesus. Disruption of the anaplerotic pyruvate/malate shuttle by phenylacetic acid inhibited glucose- and succinate-stimulated insulin secretion and succinate-stimulated proinsulin biosynthesis in both species. In contrast, phenylacetic acid failed to inhibit glucose-stimulated proinsulin biosynthesis in P. obesus islets. Inhibition of the NADPH-consuming enzyme neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) with l-NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester or with NG-monomethyl-l-arginineG doubled succinate-stimulated insulin secretion in rat islets, suggesting that succinate- and nNOS-derived signals interact to regulate insulin secretion. In contrast, nNOS inhibition had no effect on succinate-stimulated proinsulin biosynthesis in both species. In P. obesus islets, insulin secretion was not stimulated by succinate in the absence of glucose, whereas proinsulin biosynthesis was increased 5-fold. Conversely, under stimulating glucose levels, succinate doubled insulin secretion, indicating glucose-dependence. Pyruvate ester and inhibition of nNOS partially mimicked the permissive effect of glucose on succinate-stimulated insulin secretion, suggesting that anaplerosis-derived signals render the β-cells responsive to succinate. We conclude that β-cell anaplerosis via pyruvate carboxylase is important for glucose- and succinate-stimulated insulin secretion and for succinate-stimulated proinsulin biosynthesis. In P. obesus, pyruvate/malate shuttle dependent and independent pathways that regulate proinsulin biosynthesis coexist; the latter can maintain fuel stimulated biosynthetic activity when the succinate-dependent pathway is inhibited. nNOS signaling is a negative regulator of insulin secretion, but not of proinsulin biosynthesis.

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Gruber, HE, and EN Hanley. "Morphologic features of spontaneous annular tears and disc degeneration in the aging sand rat (Psammomys obesus obesus)." Biotechnic & Histochemistry 92, no. 6 (August 11, 2017): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10520295.2017.1337227.

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34

Scherzer, P., I. Nachliel, H. Bar-On, MM Popovtzer, and E. Ziv. "Renal Na-K-ATPase hyperactivity in diabetic Psammomys obesus is related to glomerular hyperfiltration but is insulin-independent." Journal of Endocrinology 167, no. 2 (November 1, 2000): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1670347.

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Psammomys obesus, a desert rodent, develops diabetes when displaced from its natural environment and fed a high energy diet in the laboratory. This study was designed to examine variations in renal function in relation to the diabetic state with emphasis on changes in Na-K-ATPase activity. The following groups of Psammomys were studied: (1) Animals fed a saltbush diet; a low energy/high salt diet (natural). (2) Animals fed a low energy/low salt diet (laboratory). Both 1 and 2 were normoglycemic and normoinsulinemic and thus served as control. (3) Animals fed a high energy diet (group C) who were hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic; this group was divided into two subgroups: C1 presented with glomerular hyperfiltration rate and C2 with glomerular hypofiltration rate. (4) Animals fed a high energy diet presenting with hyperglycemia-hypoinsulinemia (group D). (5) Group D+I, similar to group D but treated with external insulin (2 U/24 h). Groups D and C1, whose glomerular filtration rose above normal by 30% and 70% respectively, exhibited metabolic similarity to Type I and Type II diabetes. In these groups, Na-K-ATPase activity in the cortex increased by 80-100% and in the medulla by 180% (P<0.001 vs control). In group C2 with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Na-K-ATPase activity did not differ from control. In group D+I, with normalized glomerular filtration rate, Na-K-ATPase activity was similar to control. There was a linear and significant correlation between GFR and Na-K-ATPase activity both in the cortex and in the medulla. These experiments present a well defined animal model of diabetes mellitus. Variations in glucose and in insulin did not correlate with Na-K-ATPase activity. These results clearly demonstrated that Na-K-ATPase activity in the diabetic Psammomys was determined by glomerular filtration but was independent of plasma glucose or insulin levels.

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Walder, Ken R., Richard P. Fahey, Greg J. Morton, Paul Z. Zimmet, and Greg R. Collier. "Characterization of Obesity Phenotypes inPsammomys Obesus(Israeli Sand Rats)." International Journal of Experimental Diabetes Research 1, no. 3 (2000): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/edr.2000.177.

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Psammomys obesus(the Israeli sand rat) has been well studied as an animal model of Type 2 diabetes. However, obesity phenotypes in these animals have not been fully characterized. We analyzed phenotypic data including body weight, percentage body fat, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration for over 600 animals from thePsammomys obesuscolony at Deakin University to investigate the relationships between body fat, body weight and Type 2 diabetes using regression analysis and general linear modelling. The body weight distribution inPsammomys obesusapproximates a normal distribution and closely resembles that observed in human populations. Animals above the 75th percentile for body weight had increased body fat content and a greater risk of developing diabetes. Increased visceral fat content .was also associated with elevated blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations in these animals. A familial effect was also demonstrated inPsammomys obesus, and accounted for 51% of the variation in body weight, and 23–26% of the variation in blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations in these animals.Psammomys obesusrepresents an excellent animal model of.obesity and Type 2 diabetes that exhibits a phenotypic pattern closely resembling that observed in human population studies. The obesity described in these animals was familial in nature and was significantly associated with Type 2 diabetes.

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Pipano, E., V. Shkap, L. Fish, I. Savitsky, S. Perl, and U. Orgad. "Susceptibility of Psammomys obesus and Meriones tristrami to Tachyzoites of Neospora caninum." Journal of Parasitology 88, no. 2 (April 2002): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3285581.

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Kam, M., and A. A. Degen. "Effect of Air Temperature on Energy and Water Balance of Psammomys obesus." Journal of Mammalogy 73, no. 1 (April 14, 1992): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1381884.

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Pipano, E., V. Shkap, L. Fish, I. Savitsky, S. Perl, and U. Orgad. "SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PSAMMOMYS OBESUS AND MERIONES TRISTRAMI TO TACHYZOITES OF NEOSPORA CANINUM." Journal of Parasitology 88, no. 2 (April 2002): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0314:sopoam]2.0.co;2.

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39

Kaiser, N., R. Nesher, M. Y. Donath, M. Fraenkel, V. Behar, C. Magnan, A. Ktorza, E. Cerasi, and G. Leibowitz. "Psammomys Obesus, a Model for Environment-Gene Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes." Diabetes 54, Supplement 2 (November 23, 2005): S137—S144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.54.suppl_2.s137.

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40

Spolding, Briana, Timothy Connor, Carrie Wittmer, Lelia L. F. Abreu, Antony Kaspi, Mark Ziemann, Gunveen Kaur, et al. "Rapid Development of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Psammomys obesus (Israeli Sand Rat)." PLoS ONE 9, no. 3 (March 20, 2014): e92656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092656.

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41

Zerrouk, F., B. Chaouad, A. Ghoul, L. Khedis, A. Moulahoum, K. Othmani, S. Aouichat, and Y. Benazzoug. "Effet d’une surcharge en méthionine sur la paroi cardiaque chez Psammomys obesus." Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme 30, no. 3 (September 2016): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nupar.2016.09.080.

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42

Donev, Stoïtcho, Petko Petkov, Georges Marquié, Jean Duhault, and Regina Jablenska. "Immunohistochemical investigations of the endocrine pancreas in normoglycemic sand rats (Psammomys obesus)." Acta Diabetologica Latina 26, no. 4 (December 1989): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02624642.

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43

Windmill, Kelly, Janette Tenne-Brown, Richard Bayles, James Trevaskis, Yuan Gao, Ken Walder, and Greg R. Collier. "Localization and expression of selenoprotein S in the testis of Psammomys obesus." Journal of Molecular Histology 38, no. 1 (December 16, 2006): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10735-006-9073-2.

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44

Madani, S., E. Moudilou, J. M. Exbrayat, and S. Hammouche. "Testosterone effect on testicular β-endorphin expression in sand rat Psammomys obesus." Annales d'Endocrinologie 77, no. 4 (September 2016): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2016.07.600.

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45

Fichet-Calvet, Elisabeth, Iadh Jomaa, Patrick Giraudoux, and Richard W. Ashford. "Estimation of fat sand rat Psammomys obesus abundance by using surface indices." Acta Theriologica 44 (December 9, 1999): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.99-35.

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46

Leibowitz, G., M. Yuli, M. Y. Donath, R. Nesher, D. Melloul, E. Cerasi, D. J. Gross, and N. Kaiser. "Beta-cell glucotoxicity in the Psammomys obesus model of type 2 diabetes." Diabetes 50, Supplement 1 (February 1, 2001): S113—S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.2007.s113.

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47

LEWANDOWSKI, P., D. CAMERON-SMITH, K. MOULTON, K. WALDER, A. SANIGORSKI, and G. R. COLLIER. "Disproportionate Increase of Fatty Acid Binding Proteins in the Livers of Obese Diabetic Psammomys obesus." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 827, no. 1 Lipids and Sy (September 1997): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51866.x.

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48

Naumova, E. I., T. Yu Chistova, A. A. Varshavskii, and G. K. Zharova. "Functional Diversity of Morphologically Similar Digestive Organs in Muroidea Species." Biology Bulletin 48, no. 3 (May 2021): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359021020084.

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Abstract We examine possible ways of functional adjustment of morphologically similar alimentary tracts in rodents with different dietary specializations. We study the structure of stomach and gut epithelial surface as well as the features of its colonization with microorganisms in five gerbil species: Psammomys obesus, Meriones crassus, Gerbillus henleyi, G. andersoni, and G. dasyurus. Data on the morphological diversity of mucosa-associated microbiota have been obtained and confirmed by the results of previous microbiology studies. Species differences in chymus acidity associated with dietary specialization have been determined. Variations in the activity of the endoglucanase microbial enzyme, which is crucial for rodents fed on cellulose-containing food, have also been detected. The importance of microbiota for functional adaptations to various food types in rodents with morphologically similar digestive tracts has been evaluated.

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Ben Othman, Souad, Wissem Ghawar, Melek Chaouch, Chiraz Ayari, Jomaa Chemkhi, Beatriz Cancino-Faure, Miriam Tomás-Pérez, et al. "First detection of Leishmania DNA in Psammomys obesus and Psammomys vexillaris : Their potential involvement in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Tunisia." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 59 (April 2018): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.013.

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Naumova, E. I., T. Yu Chistova, and G. K. Zharova. "Body and Digestive Tract Sizes in Small Phytophagous Mammals: Influence of Ecological and Physiological Factors." Известия Российской академии наук. Серия биологическая, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s1026347022600832.

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The question of the size ratio of the body and the digestive tract (DT) in small phytophagous mammals is considered on the example of gerbils (Gerbillidae), a group of rodents that is exceptionally convenient for studying such relationships due to significant differences in body weight and morphological homogeneity of the DT. We analyzed the weight ratios of body size and DT, wet weight of contents and tissues of DT in 6 species of gerbils with a 10-fold body weight range (average 18 to 175 g) coexisting in the Negev desert – Psammomys obesus, Meriones crassus, Gerbillus pyramidum, Gerbillus allenbyi, Gerbillus dasyurus Gerbillus henleyi. In a number of studied species of small mammals weighing less than 0.5 kg, no linear relationship was found between body size and DT. The allometry of the considered indicators is mainly due to environmental and physiological factors.

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