Journal articles on the topic 'Prunus dulcis regional study'
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Zhu, Ying, Kerry L. Wilkinson, and Michelle G. Wirthensohn. "Lipophilic antioxidant content of almonds (Prunus dulcis): A regional and varietal study." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 39 (May 2015): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2014.12.003.
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Cabrita, Luis, Elena Apostolova, Alcinda Neves, António Marreiros, and José Leitão. "Genetic diversity assessment of the almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) traditional germplasm of Algarve, Portugal, using molecular markers." Plant Genetic Resources 12, S1 (July 2014): S164—S167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262114000471.
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In this study, 123 almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) trees identified among traditional orchards in the Algarve region and 53 trees of the local field collection managed by the regional office of the Portuguese Ministry of Agriculture (DRAALG) were assessed using isozyme, inter-single sequence repeat and simple sequence repeat or microsatellite techniques for the evaluation of genetic diversity and genetic relatedness and identification of new accessions for the field collection. The isozyme analysis allowed the distribution of the 176 plants into 13 different classes of enzyme similarity, while the use of DNA markers increased the distribution of the analysed trees among 140 discriminating DNA patterns. Multiple cases of homonymy and synonymy were identified in the local germplasm. Some traditional varieties, such as Lourencinha, appeared to be relatively homogeneous, while other local denominations, e.g. Galamba, included diverse genotypes. Of the 13 commercial varieties analysed in this study, 11 assembled in one major cluster clearly differentiated from the majority of the local genotypes. These results reinforced the perception that the Algarve traditional germplasm constitutes an important repository of genetic diversity, eventually carrying alleles of high agricultural interest such as the recently identified Phomopsis resistance in the traditional variety Barrinho Grado.
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Kannan, Gokullraj, and Ponnuswamy Kameswaran. "Evaluation of the effects of Prunus dulcis on mice models of depression." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 9 (August 28, 2019): 2126. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20194125.
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Background: Prunus dulcis (almond) contains high amounts of Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) which has proven antidepressant effects. Hence this study was done to evaluate the effects of Prunus dulcis on mice models of depression.Methods: Tails suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) are usually used to assess the antidepressant activity in animal models. They were employed to analyse the effectiveness of Prunus dulcis before and after two weeks of the study period and the results were compared. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 mice each.group-1 (Normal control); group-2 was given fluoxetine 10 mg/kg; group- 3 and group- 4 were given 600 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg of Prunus dulcis extract respectively. All the animals were on standard chow diet the entire duration of the study.Results: Prunus dulcis (almond) is found to be effective in treating depression, by significantly reducing the immobility period on test group 1 in forced swim test (p<0.05) and test group 2 in tail suspension test (p<0.05).Conclusions: The results clearly indicate the beneficial effects Prunus dulcis (almond) on mice models of depression. Further studies are required to prove its effectiveness in humans.
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Doss, Samuel Sundar, J. Vijayakumar, E. Sukumar, and K. Rekha. "Effect of Prunus Dulcis & Álpha-Tocopherol in Ethanol Induced Dyslipidemia In Wistar Rats." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 1619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2037.
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The study is aimed at assessing the effect of Prunus dulcis and alpha-tocopherol treatment against ethanol induced dyslipidemia in Wistar rats. 30 albino Wistar rats were selected based on the selection criteria and equally distributed into 5 groups – Control, ethanol, Prunus dulcis, alpha-tocopherol and combination of alpha-tocopherol + Prunus dulcis treated for 40 days. After the treatment for 40 days, all the animals were euthanized and a retro-orbital puncture was made to collect the blood samples for biochemical investigations. Obtained results were statistically analysed using ANOVA. Compared to ethanol group alpha tocopherol, Prunus dulcis and alpha tocopherol + Prunus dulcis treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol and triglycerides levels with p value <0.001. High density lipoprotein (66.31%) levels in the ethanol group were decreased compared to the control group and were significantly increased in other groups. Low density lipoprotein and Very low density lipoprotein levels were higher in the ethanol group compared with the control group and were significantly reduced in other groups with p value <0.001. Results suggest that ethanol has an ill effect on the lipid profile. Treatment with Prunus dulcius and alpha-tocopherol both solely or in combination has produced beneficial effects against dyslipidemia.
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Doss, Samuel Sundar, J. Vijayakumar, E. Sukumar, and K. Rekha. "Effect of Prunus Dulcis & Álpha-Tocopherol in Ethanol Induced Dyslipidemia In Wistar Rats." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 1619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2037.
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The study is aimed at assessing the effect of Prunus dulcis and alpha-tocopherol treatment against ethanol induced dyslipidemia in Wistar rats. 30 albino Wistar rats were selected based on the selection criteria and equally distributed into 5 groups – Control, ethanol, Prunus dulcis, alpha-tocopherol and combination of alpha-tocopherol + Prunus dulcis treated for 40 days. After the treatment for 40 days, all the animals were euthanized and a retro-orbital puncture was made to collect the blood samples for biochemical investigations. Obtained results were statistically analysed using ANOVA. Compared to ethanol group alpha tocopherol, Prunus dulcis and alpha tocopherol + Prunus dulcis treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol and triglycerides levels with p value <0.001. High density lipoprotein (66.31%) levels in the ethanol group were decreased compared to the control group and were significantly increased in other groups. Low density lipoprotein and Very low density lipoprotein levels were higher in the ethanol group compared with the control group and were significantly reduced in other groups with p value <0.001. Results suggest that ethanol has an ill effect on the lipid profile. Treatment with Prunus dulcius and alpha-tocopherol both solely or in combination has produced beneficial effects against dyslipidemia.
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Abdullah, M. Saad, Kishwar Nahid, Fareeha Mushtaq, Aneeqa Chughtai, Saba Izhar, Faiza Irshad, M. A. Khan, and Talha Laique. "Protective Effect of Prunus Dulcis Against Acetylsalicylic Acid Injury on Gastric Parietal Cells." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): 1594–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571594.
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Background: Acetylsalicylic acid is in common clinical use but has the side effect of causing gastric mucosal erosions and selective injury to parietal cells. Aim: To explore if prior treatment with Prunus dulcis (almond) had a protective effect against acetylsalicylic acid induced injury. Study design: Experimental study. Methodology: Albino mice weighing 30 to 40 grams were given two drops of almond oil without peel and 300 mg of finely ground whole almond kernel by oral gavage for sixty days followed by 400 mg/kg body weight of acetylsalicylic acid orally. Gastric mucosal damage was observed and recorded as ulcer index. The number of parietal cells/ sq. micrometer and area of parietal cells were observed and recorded under microscope in formalin fixed H and E stained sections. Data analyzed by SPSS 22.0v. Results: Mucosal damage, distortion of gastric glands and damage to parietal cells was pronounced in the positive control animals. The number of surviving parietal cells after acetylsalicylic acid insult in animals given almond oil was significantly higher when compared with positive control animals (p<0.001) and even better in animals receiving whole ground almond kernel. The area of parietal cells was also similarly larger in the treated animals. Conclusion: This study concluded Prunus dulcis offers protection against acute gastric mucosal injury and damage to the gastric parietal cells caused by acetylsalicylic acid in mice. Keywords: Prunus Dulcis, Parietal Cells, Gastric Erosions and Acetylsalicylic Acid.
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M, Sandhya, and Saradha M. "Biochemical Characterisation of Selected Edible Nut Seeds." International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science 02, no. 11 (November 23, 2022): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijpbms/v2-i11-09.
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The present study was focused to evaluate the phytochemical screening and biochemical estimation of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of edible nuts of Arachis hypogea, Anacardium occidentale, Prunus dulcis and Juglans regia. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrate, protein, phenol and tannin, flavonoid, glycoside, steroid, alkaloid in all the studied nuts. The quantification of A. hypogeae, A. occidentale, P. dulcis and J. regia were performed to determine the total amount of carbohydrate, protein and phenol. The highest amount of Carbohydrate was present in A. occidentale (244.7 ± 6.3 mg GLC/g), The Protein content was highly present in J. regia (455.14 ± 3.7 mg BSA/g) and the highest amount of Phenol was present in P. dulcis (355.78 ± 7.2 mg GAE/g).
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Qureshi, Muhammad Nasimullah, Sodik Numonov, and Haji Akber Aisa. "Chemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Hulls of Prunus dulcis Nuts." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2019 (November 22, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5861692.
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Researchers have shown that the almond hulls, normally wasted after utilization of nuts, contain a number of biologically active compounds based on which the present study has been carried out. Focus is placed on the mass spectrometric determination of the analytes along with the estimation of total polyphenolic and total flavonoid contents in the 70% ethanol extract. After partitioning the 70% ethanol extract in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, all the extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities. The results delivered total polyphenolic compounds as gallic acid equivalents (1% w/w) of the dried extract and total flavonoid contents as quercetin equivalents (0.2% w/w) of the dried extract. Mass spectrometric analysis resulted in the identification of 15 compounds containing various derivatives of (epi)catechin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and their glycosides, ursolic acid, amygdalactone, and benzoic acid derivatives. Antioxidant activity experiments showed that highest activity was found in n-butanol extract among the studied samples with IC50 value as 76.04 μg/ml, while hexane and chloroform extracts were active against the PTP1B enzyme with IC50 values 9.66 μg/ml and 37.95 μg/ml, respectively. Hexane and chloroform fractions were active against Staphylococcus aureus with the zone of inhibition diameter 9 mm and 12 mm, respectively.
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SENOL, ÖZHAN, and GAZI GÖRÜR. "Incorporation of Turkish Hyalopterus spp. into recent species reassessment based on their molecular and morphometric features." Zootaxa 5183, no. 1 (September 12, 2022): 254–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.20.
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The Hyalopterus group is a Mediterranean originated genus and Turkey is one of the important distribution pathways of the species belonging to this genus. Up to date, Hyalopterus amygdali (from host plant Prunus dulcis), Hyalopterus pruni (from Prunus domestica) and Hyalopterus arundiniformis (from Prunus armeniaca and Prunus persica) are species distinctively defined in Turkey. Samples of Hyalopterus were collected on P. dulcis, P. domestica, P. armeniaca, and P. persica from Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Niðde and Uþak provinces from May 2012 to October 2013. To detect morphological variations related with the preferred host plant and locality, 755 individuals’ morphological features were measured. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of COI (658 bp.) sequences of Hyalopterus spp were applied to evaluate phylogenetic relationships of the genus members. A median joining haplotype network was evaluated to determine the relationships among haplotypes. The molecular and morphometric analyses indicated that the host plant utilization affects the speciation of Hyalopterus spp. There are no comprehensive molecular studies about Hyalopterus in Turkey although previous studies conducted on this genus emphasized the importance of studying the Turkish populations to understand host plant relations, distribution route and speciation of this economically important aphid group. Therefore this study aimed to give information about phylogenetic and morphological variability of Hyalopterus spp. and criticize how these findings are incorporated into the recent species reassesment.
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Zafar, Zeeshan, Sidra Fatima, and Muhammad Faraz Bhatti. "Comprehensive Analyses of NAC Transcription Factor Family in Almond (Prunus dulcis) and Their Differential Gene Expression during Fruit Development." Plants 10, no. 10 (October 16, 2021): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102200.
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As plant specific transcription factors, NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) domain is involved in the plant development and stress responses. Due to the vitality of NAC gene family, BLASTp was performed to identify NAC genes in almond (Prunus dulcis). Further, phylogenetic and syntenic analyses were performed to determine the homology and evolutionary relationship. Gene duplication, gene structure, motif, subcellular localization, and cis-regulatory analyses were performed to assess the function of PdNAC. Whereas RNA-seq analysis was performed to determine the differential expression of PdNAC in fruits at various developmental stages. We identified 106 NAC genes in P. dulcis genome and were renamed according to their chromosomal distribution. Phylogenetic analysis in both P. dulcis and Arabidopsis thaliana revealed the presence of 14 subfamilies. Motif and gene structure followed a pattern according to the PdNAC position in phylogenetic subfamilies. Majority of NAC are localized in the nucleus and have ABA-responsive elements in the upstream region of PdNAC. Differential gene expression analyses revealed one and six PdNAC that were up and down-regulated, respectively, at all development stages. This study provides insights into the structure and function of PdNAC along with their role in the fruit development to enhance an understanding of NAC in P. dulcis.
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Zeiri, A., M. Z. Ahmed, M. Braham, M. Braham, and B. L. Qiu. "Host suitability analysis of the bark beetle Scolytus amygdali (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 105, no. 4 (March 26, 2015): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485315000176.
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AbstractScolytus amygdali is a polyphagous insect pest that feeds on fruit trees and forest trees. Our study assessed the host preference and reproductive potential of S. amygdali on four tree species: almond (Prunus dulcis), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), peach (Prunus persica), and plum (Prunus domestica). Females of S. amygdali produced maternal galleries that were longer on peach than the other three trees, and female fecundity was highest on peach. Females with longer maternal galleries produced more eggs, indicating a positive correlation between maternal gallery length and female fertility. The under-bark development time of S. amygdali is significantly shorter on plum (45 days) and almond (56 days) than on apricot (65 days) and peach (64 days). Despite this longer development time on peach, our results still suggest that, of the four types of tree tested, peach is the most preferred host for S. amygdali.
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Fernández, Carolina, Jorge Pinochet, Daniel Esmenjaud, Maria Joao Gravato-Nobre, and Antonio Felipe. "Age of Plant Material Influences Resistance of Some Prunus Rootstocks to Meloidogyne incognita." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.582.
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The influence of salinity and plant age on nematode reproduction was determined on two susceptible and six root-knot-nematode-resistant Prunus rootstocks inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White). Experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions over 120 (plant age study) and 75 (salinity study) days. Following inoculation with 4000 nematodes per plant, susceptible 2-month-old GF-677 (Prunus persica L. Batsch. × P. dulcis Mill. Webb) and Montclar (P. persica) were affected significantly more than 1-year-old plants. Barrier (P. persica × P. davidiana Carr. Franch.) plantlets showed a partial loss of resistance in relation to older plants, suggesting that a root tissue maturation period is required for expression of full resistance. Nemared (P. persica); G × N No 22 (P. persica × P. dulcis); and the plums GF 8-1 (P. cerasifera Ehrh. × P. munsoniana Wight and Hedrick), PSM 101 (P. insititia L.), and P 2980 (P. cerasifera) maintained their high level of resistance or immunity, regardless of plant age. Nematode reproduction was higher in GF-677 rootstock in saline soil. Nemared and Barrier showed similar low galling and nematode reproduction in nonsaline and saline soil. PSM 101 immunity to M. incognita was not affected by soil condition.
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Kester, D. E., T. M. Gradziel, K. A. Shackel, and W. C. Micke. "063 Biological Basis for Noninfectious Bud-failure in Almond (Prunus dulcis)." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 452A—452. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.452a.
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Noninfectious bud-failure (BF) is a genetic disorder in almond, associated with nursery source selection. Previously (Kester, PASHS, 1968), the latent potential for BF (BFpot) was shown to be heritable but its phenotypic expression (BFexp) varied among individual seedlings of a populations as a function of age. Vegetative propagation perpetuates BFpot of individual propagules (Kester and Asay, JASHS, 1978b) but the subsequent age of BFexp within individual plants is a function of accumulated exposure to high summer temperature and growth (Kester and Asay, JASHS 1978a). A recent 7-year “somatic heritability” study of 12 commercial nursery sources (Kester et al., HortScience 1998abst) portrays the total range of variability of BFpot and BFexp within the entire `Carmel' almond clonal population and includes a pattern of BF increase in consecutive vegetative propagation cycles that mimics patterns produced by phase change (i.e., juvenile > mature) phenomena (Hartmann et al., 1997). Although phase change potential is heritable in seedling populations, phase change expression is not (Kester, HortScience 1983). Furthermore phase changes can be reversed under particular conditions during consecutive vegetative propagations (Hartmann et al., 1997). In contrast, evidence shows that BF produces permanent changes in genotype that are heritable and irreversable. High correlations exist between BFpot of individual source blocks, individual trees and individual budsticks and the age and severity of BFexp in progeny trees. The apparent continuous change in BFpot and BFexp within clones appears to be the pattern of expression of different populations of increasingly defective (?) somatic cells that result from consecutive sequences of change during annual cycles of growth and generations of vegetative propagation.
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Youssefi, Farbod, Patrick H. Brown, and Steve A. Weinbaum. "Regulation of Nitrogen Uptake at the Whole-plant Level: A Study in Almond Trees." HortTechnology 9, no. 4 (January 1999): 598–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.4.598.
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It has been proposed that a pool of amino N, whose size is determined by aboveground N demand, cycles in the plant and regulates soil N uptake by exerting an inhibitory effect at the root level. Several experiments were carried out to study this hypothesis in almond trees [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]. Based on the evidence found, there is an association, at the whole tree level, between sap N content and soil N uptake. The data are consistent with the possibility that increased phloem sap amino acids result in decreased uptake of soil N.
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P, Sushma, Bindu Jacob, and Narendhirakannan R.T. "Evaluation Of Antioxidant And Cytotoxicity Properties Of Amygdalin Extracted From Prunus Dulcis." Kongunadu Research Journal 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj295.
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Free-radical reactions have been implicated in the pathology of many human diseases like atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, aging process, inflammation, diabetes, immuno-suppression,neurodegenerative disease etc. Radicals and other reactive oxygen species are formed constantly in the human body and are removed by the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence. The disturbance in ‘redox homeostasis’ that occurs when antioxidant defences are inadequate can damage lipids, proteins,carbohydrates and DNA. Drugs with multiple protective mechanisms, including antioxidant activity, may be one way of minimizing tissue injury. Phytochemicals with antioxidant property are naturally present in food are of great interest due to their beneficial effects on human health as they offer protection against oxidative deterioration. Amygdalin, also known as vitamin B17 is a cyanogenic glycoside found in several sources mainly in apples, pears, apricots, plums, peaches. Several reports claim amygdalin to be good chemopreventive agent, however these claims are not often backed by proper scientific evidence. Thus the present study is aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of amygdalin isolated from Prunus dulcis by studying its in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic properties.Free-radical reactions have been implicated in the pathology of many human diseases like atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, aging process, inflammation, diabetes, immuno-suppression,neurodegenerative disease etc. Radicals and other reactive oxygen species are formed constantly in the human body and are removed by the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence. The disturbance in ‘redox homeostasis’ that occurs when antioxidant defences are inadequate can damage lipids, proteins,carbohydrates and DNA. Drugs with multiple protective mechanisms, including antioxidant activity, may be one way of minimizing tissue injury. Phytochemicals with antioxidant property are naturally present in food are of great interest due to their beneficial effects on human health as they offer protection against oxidative deterioration. Amygdalin, also known as vitamin B17 is a cyanogenic glycoside found in several sources mainly in apples, pears, apricots, plums, peaches. Several reports claim amygdalin to be good chemopreventive agent, however these claims are not often backed by proper scientific evidence. Thus the present study is aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of amygdalin isolated from Prunus dulcis by studying its in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic properties.
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Prudencio, Ángela, Federico Dicenta, and Pedro Martínez-Gómez. "Monitoring Dormancy Transition in Almond [Prunus Dulcis (Miller) Webb] during Cold and Warm Mediterranean Seasons through the Analysis of a DAM (Dormancy-Associated MADS-Box) Gene." Horticulturae 4, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4040041.
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For fruit tree (Prunus) species, flower bud dormancy completion determines the quality of bud break and the flowering time. In the present climate change and global warming context, the relationship between dormancy and flowering processes is a fundamental goal in molecular biology of these species. In almond [P. dulcis (Miller) Webb], flowering time is a trait of great interest in the development of new cultivars adapted to different climatic areas. Late flowering is related to a long dormancy period due to high chilling requirements of the cultivar. It is considered a quantitative and highly heritable character but a dominant gene (Late bloom, Lb) was also described. A major QTL (quantitative trait loci) in the linkage group (LG) 4 was associated with Lb, together with other three QTLs in LG1 and LG7. In addition, DAM (Dormancy-Associated MADS-Box) genes located in LG1 have been largely described as a gene family involved in bud dormancy in different Prunus species including peach [P. persica (L.) Batsch] and Japanese apricot (P. mume Sieb. et Zucc.). In this work, a DAM transcript was cloned and its expression was analysed by qPCR (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) in almond flower buds during the dormancy release. For this purpose two almond cultivars (‘Desmayo Largueta’ and ‘Penta’) with different chilling requirements and flowering time were used, and the study was performed along two years. The complete coding sequence, designated PdDAM6 (Prunus dulcis DAM6), was subjected to a phylogenetic analysis with homologous sequences from other Prunus species. Finally, expression dynamics analysed by using qPCR showed a continuous decrease in transcript levels for both cultivars and years during the period analysed. Monitoring almond flower bud dormancy through DAM expression should be used to improve almond production in different climate conditions.
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Westcott, S. W., E. I. Zehr, W. C. Newall, and D. W. Cain. "Suitability of Prunus Selections as Hosts for the Ring Nematode (Criconemella xenoplax)." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 5 (September 1994): 920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.5.920.
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Prunus accessions were screened in a greenhouse for suitability as hosts for Criconemella xenoplax (Raski) Luc and Raski. All 410 accessions examined were suitable hosts for the nematode. Included in this study were 266 Prunus persica L. Batsch cultivars and cultivars representing 25 other Prunus species: P. americana Marsh., P. andersonii A. Gray, P. angustifolia Marsh., P. argentea (Lam.) Rehd., P. armeniaca L., P. besseyi L. H. Bailey, P. cerasifera Ehrh., P. cistena N.E. Hansen, P. davidiana (Carriere) Franch., P. domestica L., P. dulcis (Mill.) D. Webb, P. emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) Walp., P. hortulana L. H. Bailey, P. insititia L., P. kansuensis Rehd., P. maritima Marsh., P. munsoniana W. Wright & Hedr., P. pumila L., P. salicina Lindl., P. simonii Carriere, P. spinosa L., P. tenella Batsch, P. texana D. Dietr., P. tomentosa Thunb., and P. webbii (Spach) Vierh. Also, another 66 interspecific hybrids were tested. Although a few accessions seemed to exhibit an unstable form of resistance, it seems unlikely that Prunus selections that exhibit useful resistance to population increase by C. xenoplax will be found.
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Cerezo, M., R. Socias i Company, and P. Arús. "Identification of Almond Cultivars by Pollen Isoenzymes." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 1 (January 1989): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.1.164.
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Abstract Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was applied to the study of almond identification [Prunus amygdalus Batsch, syn. P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] using pollen from 44 cultivars of different origin. Variability was found in all of the nine enzymatic systems analyzed (PGM, AAT, GPI, LAP, 6PGD, AcP, CAT, IDH, and ADH). The enzymatic systems with the highest discriminating possibilities were PGM, CAT, AcP, and LAP. This variability enabled the 44 cultivars to be distinguished with the exception of two pairs.
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Elnabawy, El-Said M., Sabry Hassan, and El-Kazafy A. Taha. "Repellent and Toxicant Effects of Eight Essential Oils against the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." Biology 11, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11010003.
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This study was conducted to compare the repellent effect and contact toxicity of eight essential oils (EOs), including Syzygium aromaticum, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Lavandula officinalis, Simmondsia chinensis, Matricaria chamomilla, Citrus limon, and Prunus dulcis, against adults of Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Four concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 15% in acetone solvent) of each EO were tested. The 5, 10, and 15% concentrations of S. aromaticum EO had a high repellency effect against T. castaneum compared with A. sativum, E. camaldulensis, L. officinalis, S. chinensis, M. chamomilla, C. limon, and P. dulcis after 30 min of exposure. The repellency test of the S. aromaticum, E. camaldulensis, L. officinalis, M. chamomilla, C. limon, and P. dulcis EOs on T. castaneum has shown that the mortality percentages enhanced with the increase in the EOs concentration and also with the exposure time. The 15% concentration of P. dulcis and M. chamomilla EOs have a significant impact on the mortality rate of T. castaneum compared with S. aromaticum, A. sativum, E. camaldulensis, L. officinalis, and S. chinensis after the 24 h of contact test. Moreover, the 15% concentration of the C. limon EO caused a greater mortality percentage compared with S. aromaticum, A. sativum, E. camaldulensis, and L. officinalis. It could be concluded that using the S. aromaticum EO as a repellent oil and using P. dulcis, M. chamomilla, and C. limon for contact toxicity to treat the flour infested by T. castaneum can play an important role in protecting stored grains and their products.
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Feng, Yi, Qiran Sun, Guifen Zhang, Ting Wu, Xinzhong Zhang, Xuefeng Xu, Zhenhai Han, and Yi Wang. "Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of ABC Transporters in Nine Rosaceae Species Identifying MdABCG28 as a Possible Cytokinin Transporter linked to Dwarfing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 22 (November 17, 2019): 5783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225783.
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ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a large, diverse, and ubiquitous superfamily that is involved in a broad range of processes. The completion of genome sequencing provides an opportunity to understand the phylogenetic history of the ABC transporter superfamily among Rosaceae species. This study identified a total of 1323 ABC transporter genes from nine Rosaceae genomes: 191 from Malus domestica, 174 from Pyrus communis, 138 from Prunus persica, 118 from Prunus avium, 141 from Prunus dulcis, 122 from Fragaria vesca, 98 from Rubus occidentalis, 162 from Prunus mume, and 179 from Rosa chinensis. Their chemical characterization, phylogenetic analysis, chromosomal localization, gene structure, gene duplication, and tissue-specific expression were studied. Their subcellular localization, transmembrane structures, and protein motifs were predicted. All the ABC transporter genes were grouped into eight subfamilies on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships and structural features. Furthermore, cis-element and expression analysis of 10 potential phytohormone transporters in MdABCG subfamily genes were also performed. Loss of the W-box in the promoter region of MdABCG28 was found to reduce the gene expression level and was linked to the dwarfing phenotype in apple rootstocks. MdABCG28 overexpression promoted shoot growth of atabcg14 mutants in Arabidopsis.
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Chen, Chunxian, Lorraine Rodriguez-Bonilla, and Thomas G. Beckman. "Assessment of Prunus Rootstock Accessions Using Chloroplast and Nuclear Microsatellites." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 147, no. 2 (March 2022): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs05137-21.
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Abstract A rootstock collection of Prunus species and hybrids is maintained at the U.S. Department of Agriculture stone fruit breeding program at Byron, GA. We genotyped 66 Prunus rootstock accessions and clones using chloroplast and nuclear microsatellites in this study. Chloroplast microsatellites revealed that the accessions belong to four previously defined maternal lineage groups (MLG-1 to -4) and five new ones (MLG-9 to -13). MLG-1 and -2 share the same chloroplast alleles of ‘Chinese Cling’ peach (Prunus persica) derived scions and American scions and rootstocks related to early European introductions, respectively. MLG-3 included ‘Guardian’ rootstock and its descendants. MLG-4 had a single genotype, ‘Okinawa’, that is the maternal parent of ‘Flordaking’. MLG-9 and MLG-11 to -13 included hybrids with different plums (Prunus salicina, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus tomentosa, or Prunus angustifolia) in their maternal parentage. MLG-10 included hybrids from almond (Prunus. dulcis) in the maternal parentage. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on nuclear microsatellite genotyping data showed several clusters. Cluster I included only one scion cultivar Elberta from MLG-1. Clusters II, III, and V contained peach accessions mostly in MLG-2. Clusters IV and VI included accessions mostly in MLG-3. Cluster VII included most accessions of plum-peach hybrid origin and those found within MLG-13. Cluster VIII was found to be mixed with different plum-peach hybrids and hybrids from other Prunus species, most of which were found in MLG-10, -11, and -12. Most accessions in Cluster IX were related to plums in MLG-11 and a few accessions in MLG-9.
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Martínez-García, Pedro José, Jens Hartung, Felipe Pérez de los Cobos, Pablo Martínez-García, Sara Jalili, Juan Manuel Sánchez-Roldán, Manuel Rubio, Federico Dicenta, and Pedro Martínez-Gómez. "Temporal Response to Drought Stress in Several Prunus Rootstocks and Wild Species." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091383.
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Prunus species are important crops in temperate regions. In these regions, drought periods are predicted to occur more frequently due to climate change. In this sense, to reduce the impact of climate warming, obtaining new tolerant/resistant cultivars and rootstocks is a mandatory goal in Prunus breeding. Therefore, the current study assembled three Prunus species including almond, (P. dulcis Mill D.A. Webb), apricot (P. armeniaca L.) and peach (P. persica L.) to model the temporal effects of drought. A hybrid peach × almond and a wild almond-relative species Prunus webbii were also included in the study. Physiological traits associated with photosynthetic activity, leaf water status, and chlorophyll content were assessed under three watering treatments. Results showed that effects of time, genotype, and treatment interact significantly in all traits. In addition, results confirmed that P. webbii have a greater tolerance to drought than commercial rootstocks. However, “Real Fino” apricot showed the fastest recovery after re-irrigation while being one of the most affected cultivars. In addition, from the better response to these watering treatments by the almond genotypes, two different trends were observed after re-irrigation treatment that clearly differentiate the response of the almond cultivar “Garrigue” from the rest of Prunus genotypes. A better characterization of the short-term drought response in Prunus, an accurate and more efficient evaluation of the genotype effect was obtained from the use of mixed models considering appropriate variance–covariance structures. Although the advantages of these approaches are rarely used in Prunus breeding, these methodologies should be undertaken in the future by breeders to increase efficiency in developing new breeding materials.
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Ahlem, Bousmid, Boulacel Mouad, and Benlaribi Mostef. "Contribution A L’etude De La Biologie Florale De Quelques Rosacees Cultivees De La Region De Constantine (Algerie)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 36 (December 31, 2016): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n36p150.
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Angiosperms largely dominated the current terrestrial flora, with more than 275,000 species already identified (Meyer et al., 2008). Several major characteristics associated with sexual reproduction distinguish this group of plants, making this the most advanced subphylum Phanerogams(Robert et al., 1998). A quick review of flora reveals the wide variety of shapes and floral structures in different families of angiosperms. This diversity is the basis of the key determination and classification or systematic of flowering plants. Rosaceae that constitute our subject of study have a constant organization and regular flower type 5: 5 sepals, 5 petals, many stamens, one or more carpels. In our work we investigated a few dominant species cultivated in our study area such as: Cydonia oblonga Mill., Eriobotrya japonica Thun., Malus domestica Borkh., Prunus domestica L., Prunus dulcis Mill., Prunus persica L., Pyrus communis L. After collecting flowers and extraction of pollen grains, observations with binocular and light microscope there emerges a diversity materialized ia in: - Flower color; - The presence or absence of fuzz around the reproductive organs that are protected temperatures decreases. This allows for example medlar and almond reproduce during cold periods of the year (December, January, February).
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Wang, Lei, Yan Wang, Jing Zhang, Yan Feng, Qing Chen, Zhen-Shan Liu, Cong-Li Liu, et al. "Comparative Analysis of Transposable Elements and the Identification of Candidate Centromeric Elements in the Prunus Subgenus Cerasus and Its Relatives." Genes 13, no. 4 (April 2, 2022): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13040641.
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The subgenus Cerasus and its relatives include many crucial economic drupe fruits and ornamental plants. Repetitive elements make up a large part of complex genomes, and some of them play an important role in gene regulation that can affect phenotypic variation. However, the variation in their genomes remains poorly understood. This work conducted a comprehensive repetitive sequence identification across the draft genomes of eight taxa of the genus Prunus, including four of the Prunus subgenus Cerasus (Prunus pseudocerasus, P. avium, P. yedoensis and P. × yedoensis) as well as congeneric species (Prunus salicina, P. armeniaca, P. dulcis and P. persica). Annotation results showed high proportions of transposable elements in their genomes, ranging from 52.28% (P. armeniaca) to 61.86% (P. pseudocerasus). The most notable differences in the contents of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) and tandem repeats (TRs) were confirmed with de novo identification based on the structure of each genome, which significantly contributed to their genome size variation, especially in P. avium and P.salicina. Sequence comparisons showed many similar LTR-RTs closely related to their phylogenetic relationships, and a highly similar monomer unit of the TR sequence was conserved among species. Additionally, the predicted centromere-associated sequence was located in centromeric regions with FISH in the 12 taxa of Prunus. It presented significantly different signal intensities, even within the diverse interindividual phenotypes for Prunus tomentosa. This study provides insight into the LTR-RT and TR variation within Prunus and increases our knowledge about its role in genome evolution.
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Oliveira, Ivo, Ricardo Malheiro, Anne S. Meyer, José Alberto Pereira, and Berta Gonçalves. "Application of chemometric tools for the comparison of volatile profile from raw and roasted regional and foreign almond cultivars (Prunus dulcis)." Journal of Food Science and Technology 56, no. 8 (June 12, 2019): 3764–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-03847-x.
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Trombetta, Domenico, Antonella Smeriglio, Marcella Denaro, Roberto Zagami, Mara Tomassetti, Rosa Pilolli, Elisabetta De Angelis, Linda Monaci, and Giuseppina Mandalari. "Understanding the Fate of Almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) Oleosomes during Simulated Digestion." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 3397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113397.
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Background: Almond kernels contain phytochemicals with positive health effects in relation to heart disease, diabetes and obesity. Several studies have previously highlighted that almond cell wall encapsulation during digestion and particle size are factors associated with these benefits. In the present study, we have characterized almond oleosomes, natural oil droplets abundant in plants, and we have investigated their integrity during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Methods: Oleosomes were visualized on the almond seed surface by imaging mass spectrometry analysis, and then characterized in terms of droplet size distribution by dynamic light scattering and protein profile by liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Results: The almond oleosomes’ distribution remained monomodal after in vitro mastication, whereas gastric and duodenal digestion led to a bimodal distribution, albeit characterized mainly by a prevalent population with a droplet size decrease related to a rearrangement of the protein profile. Oleosins, structural proteins found in plant oil bodies, persisted unchanged during simulated mastication, with the appearance of new prunin isoforms after gastric and duodenal digestion. Conclusions: The rearrangement of the protein profile could limit lipid bioaccessibility. The data improve our understanding of the behavior of almond lipids during gastrointestinal digestion, and may have implications for energy intake and satiety imparted by almonds.
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Godini, A., L. de Palma, and M. Palasciano. "Role of Self-pollination and Reciprocal Stigma/Anthers Position on Fruit Set of Eight Self-compatible Almonds." HortScience 27, no. 8 (August 1992): 887–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.8.887.
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A study to ascertain the highest possible fruit set following self-pollination of eight self-compatible cultivars of almond (Amygdalus communis L. = Prunus dulcis Mill) was carried out in Apulia (southern Italy). Fruits set from daily hand-selling were high, compared to those from unassisted self-pollination. The results support growing most of the self-compatible Apulian almonds in solid blocks, without need for cross-pollination, provided that self-pollination is optimized by insect vectors. The relative capability of the cultivars to set fruits by unassisted self-pollination was independent of the reciprocal stigma/anthers position within the same flower.
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Barreira, João C. M., Susana Casal, Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira, António M. Peres, José Alberto Pereira, and M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira. "Supervised Chemical Pattern Recognition in Almond (Prunus dulcis) Portuguese PDO Cultivars: PCA- and LDA-Based Triennial Study." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60, no. 38 (September 17, 2012): 9697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf301402t.
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Reshma Syed and Balasasirekha R. "Optimisation and development of aegle marmelos incorporated prunus amaygdalus var dulcis gum capsule film." JOURNAL OF ADVANCED APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46947/joaasr342021127.
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Prunus amaygdalus var dulcis gum commonly known as almond gum is a polymer. Capsules made upof almond gum was used as a stand-in to gelatin capsule and the fusion of Aegle marmelos was found to helpprevent peptic ulcer. Anti-bacterial property of almond gum helps increasing the shelf life of capsules. Tostandardize and formulate Aegle marmelos incorporated Prunus amaygdalus var dulcis gum capsule and toassess the microbial and solubility properties of Aegle marmelos incorporated Prunus amaygdalus var dulcisgum capsule. The samples were formulated and standardized using five grams of almond gum and one gramof Aegle marmelos. Glycerol and sorbitol were used as plasticizers. Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose andcarrageenan gum were used as a binding agent for the formulation of Aegle marmelos incorporated almondgum capsule and it entails antioxidant, anti-ulcerative and anti-bacterial property. Predominantly, the antiulcerative property was due to the tannin content. The microbial content and solubility properties were alsodetermined and compared with gelatin capsules. The swelling property and moisture content of the sampledecreased as the concentration increased. The total bacterial count of Aegle marmelos incorporated almondgum capsule of AMV1 was 5.0± 0.042 CFU/g and for AMV2 was 7.0±0.023 CFU/g when compared withstandard (98.0 ± 0.05 CFU/g) and is significant at 5% level. The water solubility content of standard was 25%and for AMV1 and AMV2 was 80% and 97% respectively and found to be significant at 5% level. Theswelling index of AMV1 was higher at 40 % when compared to standard (20%) and AMV2 (30%) and is dueto presence of high volume of water using method I. Using method II, the swelling index of AMV1 was higherat 9.3 compared to other two samples of standard (-6.3) and AMV2 (-3.8) and is because of the mediumdensity of the material. The moisture content of AMV1 was higher at 23% as determined by two methodswhen compared with standard and AMV2. The tannin content in Aegle marmelos helps to prevent peptic ulcerin individuals and almond gum, a natural polymer is a best vegetarian capsule alternative to gelatin. capsule.The present study proved that anti-bacterial and solubility properties of Aegle marmelos incorporated almondgum and is far better in health perspective as compared to normal commercial capsule.
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Prudencio, Ángela, Olaf Werner, Pedro Martínez-García, Federico Dicenta, Rosa Ros, and Pedro Martínez-Gómez. "DNA Methylation Analysis of Dormancy Release in Almond (Prunus dulcis) Flower Buds Using Epi-Genotyping by Sequencing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (November 10, 2018): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113542.
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DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications have been described as epigenetic regulation mechanisms involved in developmental transitions in plants, including seasonal changes in fruit trees. In species like almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A: Webb), prolonged exposure to cold temperatures is required for dormancy release and flowering. Aiming to identify genomic regions with differential methylation states in response to chill accumulation, we carried out Illumina reduced-representation genome sequencing on bisulfite-treated DNA from floral buds. To do this, we analyzed almond genotypes with different chilling requirements and flowering times both before and after dormancy release for two consecutive years. The study was performed using epi-Genotyping by Sequencing (epi-GBS). A total of 7317 fragments were sequenced and the samples compared. Out of these fragments, 677 were identified as differentially methylated between the almond genotypes. Mapping these fragments using the Prunus persica (L.) Batsch v.2 genome as reference provided information about coding regions linked to early and late flowering methylation markers. Additionally, the methylation state of ten gene-coding sequences was found to be linked to the dormancy release process.
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Zhong, Yan, Zhao Chen, and Zong-Ming Cheng. "Different scales of gene duplications occurring at different times have jointly shaped the NBS-LRR genes in Prunus species." Molecular Genetics and Genomics 297, no. 1 (January 2022): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-021-01849-z.
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AbstractIn this study, genome-wide identification, phylogenetic relationships, duplication time and selective pressure of the NBS-LRR genes, an important group of plant disease-resistance genes (R genes), were performed to uncover their genetic evolutionary patterns in the six Prunus species. A total of 1946 NBS-LRR genes were identified; specifically, 589, 361, 284, 281, 318, and 113 were identified in Prunus yedoensis, P. domestica, P. avium, P. dulcis, P. persica and P. yedoensis var. nudiflora, respectively. Two NBS-LRR gene subclasses, TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) and non-TIR-NBS-LRR (non-TNL), were also discovered. In total, 435 TNL and 1511 non-TNL genes were identified and could be classified into 30/55/75 and 103/158/191 multi-gene families, respectively, according to three different criteria. Higher Ks and Ka/Ks values were detected in TNL gene families than in non-TNL gene families. These results indicated that the TNL genes had more members involved in relatively ancient duplications and were affected by stronger selection pressure than the non-TNL genes. In general, the NBS-LRR genes were shaped by species-specific duplications, and lineage-specific duplications occurred at recent and relatively ancient periods among the six Prunus species. Therefore, different duplicated copies of NBS-LRRs can resist specific pathogens and will provide an R-gene library for resistance breeding in Prunus species.
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CIOACĂ, Lucian, and Florin STĂNICĂ. "Preliminary Results in the Study of Two Local Almond Populations from Dobrogea Region." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 77, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2019.0048.
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The almond (Prunus dulcis L.) is a very popular nut, being one of the most complex fruits for the benefit of the human health. Nowadays in Romania, this crop started to decrease as covered land and production. At the global level the cultivated surfaces and the production is on raise. The aim of our study was to select better almond genotypes suitable for breeding. The study’s goal was to monitor two spontaneous populations of almond hybrids naturally formed in two distinct localities from the Dobrogea region, namely Greci, from Tulcea county and Crucea, from Constanta county. Naturally formed almond hybrids were studied and observations have been performed for the phenophases in the years 2018 and 2019, also observing the presence of different pathogenic diseases on the phyllosphere of the plants. There were also accomplished morphological measurements for the hybrids of high interest according to the purpose of the present research work.
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Khromykh, N. O., Y. V. Lykholat, A. A. Anishchenko, O. O. Didur, A. A. Gaponov, A. M. Kabar, and T. Y. Lykholat. "Cuticular wax composition of mature leaves of species and hybrids of the genus Prunus differing in resistance to clasterosporium disease." Biosystems Diversity 28, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012047.
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The interaction of a host plant with pathogen implies an extremely complex process involving the outer waxy layer of the cuticle, cutin, cell membrane, and intracellular structures. However, the initial contact between plants and pathogens takes place in cuticular waxes covering the surface of leaves, stems and fruits. Despite many findings on the role of plant epicuticular waxes, there is a gap in the understanding of the relationship between individual compounds and their functions. The pathogenic fungus Clasterosporium carpohilum (Lev.) Aderh. parasitizes the tissues of many stone fruit trees, damaging leaf and fruit surface. The aim of this work was to find out if the quantity and composition of leaf epicuticular wax could be responsible for the resistance to clasterosporium disease. The study of differences of plants in fungal resistance was carried out on species and hybrids of the genus Prunus from the collection of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Dnipro city, Ukraine). The chloroform extracts of epicuticular waxes from the surface of mature leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography connected to mass-spectrometry. GC/MS assay was performed using Shimadzu GCMS-QP 2020 El equipped with capillary column (5% diphenyl/95% dimethyl polysiloxane), and helium as a carrier gas. Mass Spectrum Library 2014 for GSMS was used to identify the separated compounds of the wax extracts. The maximum total wax amount on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surface of hybrid 2 was twice the minimum wax accumulation for hybrid 4. Overall, 20 individual compounds belonging to six hydrocarbon classes were identified. Leaf epicuticular wax composition both in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch and P. dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb, and hybrids was dominated by long-chain n-alkanes with even carbon number (77.6–90.9% of total sum). The alkenes’ class was represented only by 17-pentatriacontene detected in the wax of both Prunus species. Octadecanaldehyde was found in epicuticular wax of P. dulcis while absent in wax of the more resistant species P. persica. Prime alcohols 1-tetradecanol and 1-hexacosanol were detected in leaf waxes of hybrid 4 and P. dulcis respectively. The ester class contained seven compounds found in leaf epicuticular waxes of both plant species and all hybrid forms. The identification of phthalic acid esters in leaf wax extracts was unexpected, and the phthalates’ origin is discussed. Strong positive correlation between leaf damage and tetrapentacontane content in epicuticular waxes could presumably be the result of infection-induced metabolism reprogramming in epidermal cells of infected leaves.
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Ranjbar, A. "USING CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE TO STUDY PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITIES IN SWEET ALMOND (PRUNUS DULCIS MILL. ( IN RESPONSE TO SALINITY STRESS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 726 (November 2006): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.726.55.
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Llorach, Rafael, Ignacio Garrido, María Monagas, Mireia Urpi-Sarda, Sara Tulipani, Begoña Bartolome, and Cristina Andres-Lacueva. "Metabolomics Study of Human Urinary Metabolome Modifications After Intake of Almond (Prunus dulcis(Mill.) D.A. Webb) Skin Polyphenols." Journal of Proteome Research 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2010): 5859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr100639v.
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Fatima, Sidra, Zeeshan Zafar, Alvina Gul, and Muhammad Faraz Bhatti. "Genome-Wide Identification of Stress-Associated Proteins (SAPs) Encoding A20/AN1 Zinc Finger in Almond (Prunus dulcis) and Their Differential Expression during Fruit Development." Plants 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11010117.
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Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) are zinc finger proteins involved in the regulation of various stresses in a variety of plant species. A total of nine PdSAP genes were identified in Prunus dulcis. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses were performed to analyze the homology and evolutionary relationship of PdSAP genes. The functions of PdSAP genes were assessed by further analyses, including cis-regulatory elements, gene duplication, gene ontology, gene structure, subcellular localization, and motif pattern. This study found that PdSAP genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, and 7. Phylogenetic analysis of PdSAP genes with Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa suggested that six subgroups have a similar pattern of AN1 and A20 domains in each subgroup. PdSAP genes lacked duplicated blocks. The majority of PdSAP genes were localized in the nucleus region. Three hormonal and five stress cis-regulatory elements were found in the upstream promoter region of the PdSAP gene family. RNA-seq analysis revealed differential gene expression of PdSAP genes at days 12, 17, 22, 27, 32, and 37 of fruitlet development after flowering. This study identifies the SAP genes in P. dulcis and also provides insights into the expression of PdSAP genes in abnormal fruitlets with diapause atrophic growth at various developmental stages.
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Oshomogho, Frederick Okhakumhe, Thelma Ejiro Akhihiero, Osariemen Edokpayi, and Joy Ehimwenma Ossai. "Green corrosion inhibition of mild steel using Prunus Dulcis seeds extract in an acidic medium." Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 26, no. 2 (November 2, 2020): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v26i2.9.
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Synthetic inhibitors use by industries often have adverse effect on the environment. This work therefore investigates the use of plant extract as an inhibition to mild steel corrosion in an acidic environment. Weight loss method was adopted to evaluate inhibition efficiency by plant extract as corrosion inhibitors. Almond seeds (Prunusdulcis) was extracted with the aid of Soxhlet apparatus. The corrosion inhibition experiment was performed by setting up reactors containing mild steel coupon with variable concentrations of plant extract and 200ml of 1.5M HCl solution. The study revealed that the extract was an efficient inhibitor and was most effective as the concentration increased from 0.81% at 0.01g/ml to 69.95% at 0.15g/ml respectively. Adsorption study on mild steel surface showed that the experimental data fitted better into the Temkin isotherm with regression R2 closer to unity. Arrhenius constant and activation energy estimated at temperatures 308K to 328K revealed that activation energy aE increased with increasing inhibitor concentration from 5348.23J/mol at 0.01g/ml to 6151.44J/mol at 0.05g/ml. The outcome of the study revealed that mild steel is susceptible to corrosionwhich is capable of destroying the material and increasing inhibitor concentration and temperature has significant influence on the corrosion.
Keywords: Mild steel, Corrosion, Inhibitor, Plant Extract, Adsorption
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Beck, John J., Glory B. Merrill, Bradley S. Higbee, Douglas M. Light, and Wai S. Gee. "In Situ Seasonal Study of the Volatile Production of Almonds (Prunus dulcis) Var. ‘Nonpareil’ and Relationship to Navel Orangeworm." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57, no. 9 (May 13, 2009): 3749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9003187.
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Paudel, Indira, Hadas Gerbi, Yael Wagner, Annat Zisovich, Gal Sapir, Vlad Brumfeld, and Tamir Klein. "Drought tolerance of wild versus cultivated tree species of almond and plum in the field." Tree Physiology 40, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 454–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz134.
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Abstract Trees of the genus Prunus produce some of the most widely consumed fruits globally. The combination of climate change-related warming and increased drought stress, scarcity of freshwater resources for irrigation, and increasing demands due to population growth creates a need for increased drought tolerance in these tree species. Recently, we have shown in the field that a native wild pear species performs better under drought than two cultivated pear species. Here, a comparative field study was conducted in Israel to investigate traits associated with drought tolerance in almond (cultivated Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb vs wild Prunus ramonensis Danin) and plum (cultivated Prunus domestica L. vs wild Prunus ursina Kotschy). Measurements of xylem embolism and shoot and root carbon reserves were done along a year, including seasonal drought in the wild and a 35-day drought experiment in the orchards. Synchronous measurements of native xylem embolism and shoot water potential showed that cultivated and wild almond trees lost ~50% of hydraulic conductivity at −2.3 and −3.2 MPa, respectively. Micro-CT images confirmed the higher embolism ratio in cultivated versus wild almond, whereas the two plum species were similar. Dynamics of tissue concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates were mostly similar across species, with higher levels in cultivated versus wild plum. Our results indicate an advantage for the wild almond over its cultivated relative in terms of xylem resistance to embolism, a major risk factor for trees under drought stress. This result is in line with our previous experiment on pear species. However, the opposite trends observed among the studied plum species mean that these trends cannot be generalized. It is possible that the potential for superior drought tolerance in wild tree species, relative to their cultivated relatives, is limited to wild species from dry and hot habitats.
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Ricciardi, Francesca, Jorge Del Cueto, Nicoletta Bardaro, Rosa Mazzeo, Luigi Ricciardi, Federico Dicenta, Raquel Sánchez-Pérez, Stefano Pavan, and Concetta Lotti. "Synteny-Based Development of CAPS Markers Linked to the Sweet kernel LOCUS, Controlling Amygdalin Accumulation in Almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb)." Genes 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9080385.
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The bitterness and toxicity of wild-type seeds of Prunoideae is due to the cyanogenic glucoside amygdalin. In cultivated almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb), a dominant mutation at the Sk locus prevents amygdalin accumulation and thus results in edible sweet kernels. Here, we exploited sequence similarity and synteny between the genomes of almond and peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) to identify cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) molecular markers linked to the Sk locus. A segregant F1 population was used to map these markers on the Sk genomic region, together with Sk-linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers previously described. Molecular fingerprinting of a cultivar collection indicated the possibility to use CAPS polymorphisms identified in this study in breeding programs arising from different parental combinations. Overall, we highlight a set of codominant markers useful for early selection of sweet kernel genotypes, an aspect of primary importance in almond breeding. In addition, by showing collinearity between the physical map of peach and the genetic map of almond with respect to the Sk genomic region, we provide valuable information for further marker development and Sk positional cloning.
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Warburton, Marilyn L., and F. A. Bliss. "667 PB 113 IDENTIFICATION OF LINKED RAPD MARKERS TO IMPORTANT LOCI IN PEACH AND ALMOND." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 528d—528. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.528d.
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Genetic linkage maps for many organisms are being produced using molecular markers. The utility of these maps depends on the ability to place genes of known, important effects on the map. It is often useful lo saturate the chromosome around these loci with many linked molecular markers. This study used Bulked Segregant Analysis and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA to identify linked markers to loci in peach, Prunus persica L. Batch and almond Prunus dulcis Mill populations. Linkages to isozyme loci were first sought to test the suitability of this technique to long-lived perrenials. Several RAPD markers were found to be linked to three isozyme loci in a segregating F3 population from a peach × almond cross. PAPD markers have also been identified which are linked to the yellow-flesh locus of peach in a heterozygous peach population. Thus, this method has proven useful for identifying molecular marker linkages to important loci in peach and almond. These RAPDs may now be placed on a linkage map generated in our lab using a peach/almond hybrid population which will allow these loci to be studied and manipulated more easily in a breeding program.
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Hanada, Toshio, Kyoko Fukuta, Hisayo Yamane, Tomoya Esumi, Ryutaro Tao, Thomas M. Gradziel, Abhaya M. Dandekar, Ángel Fernández i Martí, José M. Alonso, and Rafel Socias i Company. "Cloning and Characterization of a Self-compatible Sf Haplotype in Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb. syn. P. amygdalus Batsch] to Resolve Previous Confusion in Its Sf-RNase Sequence." HortScience 44, no. 3 (June 2009): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.3.609.
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Most of the self-compatible (SC) cultivars of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb. syn. P. amygdalus Batsch] have the Sf haplotype. In this study, we cloned and characterized the S locus region of the Sf haplotype of SC ‘Lauranne’. The relative transcriptional orientation of SFBf and Sf-RNase and the physical distance between them are similar to those of other functional self-incompatible (SI) S haplotypes of Prunus, indicating that the genomic structure of the SC Sf haplotype appears to be intact. Although there is no apparent mutation in the coding sequence of SFBf, the Sf-RNase sequence in this study and previously reported Sf-RNase sequences show discrepancies. First, as opposed to previous indications, the ‘Lauranne’ Sf-RNase sequence encodes a histidine residue in place of a previously reported arginine residue in the conserved C2 region of Prunus S-RNase. Direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction products from the Sf-RNase of ‘Tuono’ confirmed that ‘Tuono’ Sf-RNase also encodes the histidine residue. We found another difference in the ‘Lauranne’ Sf-RNase sequence and other reported Sf-RNase sequences. Namely, ‘Lauranne’ Sf-RNase encodes a phenylalanine residue in place of a previously reported leucine residue in the conserved C5 region of Prunus S-RNase. This is also the case for ‘Tuono’ Sf-RNase. Expression analysis of Sf-RNase and SFBf by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction showed that Sf-RNase transcripts were barely detectable in pistil, whereas SFBf transcripts were accumulated at a similar level to the level that was observed with SFB of other functional SI S haplotypes of almond. We discuss the possible molecular mechanisms of SC observed with the Sf haplotype with special references to the expression of Sf-RNase.
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Liu, Nuoxuan, Li Li, Xiling Chen, Yanlong Zhang, and Tengxun Zhang. "The Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) Gene Family Analysis of Four Rosaceae Genomes and Expression Patterns of PmIAAs in Prunus mume." Horticulturae 8, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100899.
Full textAbstract:
Auxin is an important phytohormone through plant growth and development. Aux/IAA protein, as a core component in the auxin signaling pathway, plays a vital role in various biological processes such as flower development and floral volatile metabolism in many plants. However, there were a few studies on the Aux/IAA gene family in Prunus plants in Rosaceae and expression patterns of PmIAAs in P. mume. Here, we identified a total of 108 RoIAA gene family members in four typical Rosaceae plants, which included 22 PmIAAs from P. mume, 22 PpIAAs from Prunus persica, 31 PdIAAs from Prunus dulcis and 33 PaIAAs from Prunus armeniaca. Subsequently, the results of the phylogenetic analysis of Aux/IAAs showed that they were categorized into ten groups, and gene structures and motifs were conservative in each group, suggesting that RoIAAs in Rosaceae species had a strong relationship. However, the physical distributions of RoIAAs on chromosomes of every species showed completely uneven. Gene duplications suggested that seven pairs of PmIAAs, eleven pairs of PpIAAs, eleven pairs of PdIAAs, and three pairs of PaIAAs suffered from tandem and segmental duplications. Moreover, the results of the synteny analysis indicated that RoIAAs in four Rosaceae species might come from one ancestor. To explore the roles of PmIAAs in P. mume, expression patterns in five tissues and at four flowering development stages were performed. The results showed that PmIAAs variously expressed in five tissues and five genes (PmIAA2, −9, −10, −12, and −15) might affect flower development and the synthesis of floral compounds in P. mume. This study provided valuable information for further elucidating the regulatory function of PmIAAs in metabolism processes in P. mume.
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Baumgartner, Kendra, Phillip Fujiyoshi, Craig Ledbetter, Roger Duncan, and Daniel A. Kluepfel. "Screening Almond Rootstocks for Sources of Resistance to Armillaria Root Disease." HortScience 53, no. 1 (January 2018): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12038-17.
Full textAbstract:
Prunus dulcis (almond) is one of the most susceptible horticultural crops to Armillaria root disease. Resistance to Armillaria mellea and Armillaria tabescens, the geographically isolated causal fungi that attack almond and closely related Prunus persica (peach), has been evaluated in studies of almond, peach, and other Prunus rootstocks, but not in one comprehensive study. We evaluated the relative resistance to A. mellea and A. tabescens of six clonally propagated almond and peach rootstocks (Bright’s 5, Empyrean 1, Hansen 536, Krymsk 1, Krymsk 86, and Lovell) in comparison with that of clonally propagated Marianna 2624 rootstock (resistant control) and clonally propagated Nemaguard rootstock (susceptible control). Replicate clones used in the growth chamber assay were micropropagated and rooted in vitro before inoculating the culture medium with Armillaria spp. At 2 months, the most resistant and susceptible rootstocks were Krymsk 86 and Hansen 536, respectively, with 27% vs. 89% mortality. This finding was consistent among two isolates of A. mellea and one isolate of A. tabescens in three replicate experiments. Our finding of low mortality among Krymsk 86, Krymsk 1, and Marianna 2624, which all share Prunus cerasifera (Myrobalan plum) parentage, is consistent with past reports of resistance in the field to A. mellea, but conflicts with reports of susceptibility to A. tabescens. Resistance to A. tabescens of genotypes with Myrobalan plum parentage in our assay may reflect the simplified rooting environment of tissue culture medium, which does not perfectly mimic a field trial, in which biotic and abiotic factors may affect host resistance. Nonetheless, our growth chamber assay may provide a more rapid alternative to identify sources of resistance for breeding and to screen progeny of such crosses.
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Lin, Hong, Md Sajedul Islam, Juan C. Cabrera-La Rosa, Edwin L. Civerolo, and Russell L. Groves. "Population Structure of Xylella fastidiosa Associated with Almond Leaf Scorch Disease in the San Joaquin Valley of California." Phytopathology® 105, no. 6 (June 2015): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-14-0254-r.
Full textAbstract:
Xylella fastidiosa causes disease in many commercial crops, including almond leaf scorch (ALS) disease in susceptible almond (Prunus dulcis). In this study, genetic diversity and population structure of X. fastidiosa associated with ALS disease were evaluated. Isolates obtained from two almond orchards in Fresno and Kern County in the San Joaquin Valley of California were analyzed for two successive years. Multilocus simple-sequence repeat (SSR) analysis revealed two major genetic clusters that were associated with two host cultivars, ‘Sonora’ and ‘Nonpareil’, respectively, regardless of the year of study or location of the orchard. These relationships suggest that host cultivar selection and adaptation are major driving forces shaping ALS X. fastidiosa population structure in the San Joaquin Valley. This finding will provide insight into understanding pathogen adaptation and host selection in the context of ALS disease dynamics.
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Kumar, Dinesh, and N. Ahmed. "Response of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertigation to “Waris” Almond (Prunus dulcis) under Northwestern Himalayan Region of India." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/141328.
Full textAbstract:
A field experiment was conducted on almond (Prunus dulcis) to study the effect of N&K fertigation on growth, yields and leaf nutrient status over two seasons (2011 and 2012) in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. There were six treatments, namely, T1—100% recommended dose of fertilizers as soil application, T2—100% RDF through fertigations, T3—75% RDF through fertigation, T4—75% RDF through fertigation (split application), T5—50% RDF through fertigation and T6—50% RDF through fertigation (split application) with three replications under randomized block design. The results indicated that the maximum tree height (3.21 m and 3.56 m), nut weight (2.73 g and 1.94 g), nut yield (2.41 kg/tree and 5.98 kg/tree; 2.67 t/ha and 6.64 t/ha), and leaf nutrient content (2.34 and 2.38% N; 0.14 and 0.17% P; 1.37 and 1.41% K) were recorded in T4treatment, whereas the highest TCSA of main trunk, primary, secondary, and tertiary branches (72.67 and 90.28 cm2; 16.75 and 24.26 cm2; 3.83 and 7.49 cm2; 0.47 and 1.23 cm2), canopy volume (7.15 and 8.11 m3), and fruit number (990 and 3083/tree) were recorded in T2in almond variety Waris.
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Barckley, Kristi K., Sandra L. Uratsu, Thomas M. Gradziel, and Abhaya M. Dandekar. "Multidimensional Analysis of S-alleles from Cross-incompatible Groups of California Almond Cultivars." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131, no. 5 (September 2006): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.131.5.632.
Full textAbstract:
The California almond industry is the largest supplier of almonds [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb] in the United States and throughout the world. Self-incompatibility is a major issue in almond production as it greatly affects nut set. In this study, we determined full-length sequences for alleles Sa - Si, determined the genotypes of 44 California cultivars, and assigned the cultivars to cross-incompatibility groups (CIGs). Newly identified S-alleles led to an increase in the number of CIGs. A pairwise distance tree was constructed using the aligned amino acid sequences showing their similarity. Four pairs of alleles (Sc and Se, Sg and Sh, Sd and Sj, and Sb and Sf) showed high sequence similarity. Because of its simplicity, reproducibility, and ease of analysis, PCR is the preferred method for genotyping S-alleles.
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Kandasamy, Senthil Kumar, S. Maheswaran, K. R. Kavitha, D. Karthikeyan, J. Indra, K. Sheikdavood, Y. Syamala, K. Srilakshmi, Chandrasekaran Arumugam, and Dhivya Balamoorthy. "High-Performance Graphene Oxide/Polypyrrole/Ziziphus jujuba/Prunus dulcis Ternary Composite Electrodes for Supercapacitor for Sensor Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (August 5, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9201910.
Full textAbstract:
Supercapacitor electrodes synthesized from activated carbon (AC) has high energy and power capabilities as they have larger surface area, greater conductivity, and also AC has the ability to optimize the properties of supercapacitors. Supercapacitor has gained its attention due to its fast charging/discharging speed and long-term stability than the normal batteries. In this work, GO/PPy/AC composite electrodes was synthesized to increase the specific capacitance and the energy storage capability of supercapacitor through modified hummers’ method, sacrificial template polymerization method, and hydrothermal method. Here, the AC was derived from seeds of Ziziphus jujuba and shells of Prunus dulcis. The performances of GO, GO/PPy, GO/PPy/ACZJ, and GO/PPy/ACPD electrodes were evaluated using 6 M KOH electrolyte at different current densities and scan rates. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were characterized by CV, GCD, and EIS analysis to study the suitability of the electrode material. GO/PPy/ACPD electrode exhibited the specific capacitance of 1217.1, 456.67, 270.44, and 90.88 F g-1 with current densities of 1, 2, 4, and 10 A g-1, respectively. GO/PPy/ACPD has high specific capacitance of 1217.1 F g-1 at 1 A g-1. The enhanced electrochemical performance is due to better surface area and higher specific capacitance.
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Shrestha, Anil, Marcelo Moretti, and Nathalia Mourad. "Evaluation of Thermal Implements and Organic Herbicides for Weed Control in a Nonbearing Almond (Prunus dulcis) Orchard." Weed Technology 26, no. 1 (March 2012): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-11-00083.1.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable weed management strategies are needed for organic orchard systems. A study was conducted in an almond orchard in Fresno, CA from 2009 to 2011. Treatment comparisons included steam, flame, and broad applications of either lemongrass oil or D-limonene. An untreated control was also included. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Weekly evaluations on percent weed control were taken and weed biomass was sampled 4 to 8 wk after treatment (WAT). Weed control and biomass differed between seasons but, in general, steam and flame provided as much as 95% control 1 WAT. However, the effects lasted only 3 to 4 wk as new weeds emerged or the treated weeds overcame the suppressive effects of the thermal treatments. Weed biomass was 95% lower in the steam- and flame-treated plots compared with the untreated plots in summer. Both steam and flame were more effective on certain erect-growing broad-leaved weed species than on prostrate-growing weeds and grasses. Lemongrass oil provided very little weed control. However, D-limonene provided up to 95% weed control 1 WAT and in one experiment 53% control was observed up to 5 WAT. This herbicide also resulted in lower weed biomass than the untreated and the thermal-treated plots. Monthly applications of steam or flame or applications of D-limonene every 5 to 6 wk may have to be made to adequately suppress weeds in organic almond orchards. Cost estimates of propane use were $41 to 56 ha−1 and $26 ha−1 for the steam and flame treatments, respectively. The cost of D-limonene was estimated as $275 ha−1. To optimize weed control and costs, these tools may need to be used in combination rather than by themselves.
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Gurusinghe, Sunitha H., and Kenneth A. Shackel. "The Relation of Cambial Zone Mechanical Strength to Growth and Irrigation of Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) Webb.] Trees." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 2 (March 1995): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.2.170.
Full textAbstract:
Commercial harvesting of almonds [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) Webb.] with mechanical shakers is economical, but may also cause severe damage to the cambial zone, leading to the establishment of a deadly cankerous disease, ceratocystis. Irrigation is often cut off for some period of time before harvest, anticipating a reduction in the damage as a result of an increased strength of adhesion within the cambial zone between the bark and the wood. Mechanical failure can occur in the cambial zone proper and in the differentiating cells on either side of the cambial zone. In this study the shear force per shear area in the cambial zone (cambial strength) was measured to represent mechanical failure due to shaker damage. Cambial strength of branches with intact bark tissues could be reversibly influenced by the level of tissue hydration, with high cambial strength associated with increased tissue hydration, presumably a result of an increase in the turgor of cambial zone cells. Methods of measuring cambial strength were developed for branches and trunks to avoid the effects of reversible turgor changes. Irrigation regimes imposed before harvest had a substantial and progressive influence on tree stem water potential, stomatal conductance, and growth rate of almond trees. Statistically significant levels of within seasonal differences in rate of growth, stomatal conductance and tree water deficits found under different irrigation regimes did not show any correlation with the within seasonal fluctuations in cambial strength. Cambial strength always showed a similar pattern and a similar magnitude of seasonal increase from spring to summer (as previous authors have reported), superimposed over the within seasonal fluctuations, despite significant differences in tree water stress. Therefore, this study suggests that irrigation cut off may be an ineffective practice for the purpose of increasing cambial strength.