Journal articles: 'Proximity Patterns'

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Kretzschmar, André, Samuel Soubeyrand, and Nicolas Desassis. "Aggregation patterns in hierarchy/proximity spaces." Ecological Complexity 7, no. 1 (March 2010): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.03.012.

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Jeon, Sang-Chul. "Fabrication of a Photomask Containing Ultra-Fine Patterns of less than 100 nm through the Process Optimization of Electron Beam Lithography." Korean Society of Technical Education and Training 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29279/kostet.2020.25.3.1.

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This study aims to develop an electronic beam lithography processing technique with the best pattern resolution among top-down machining methods and apply it to manufacture nanoscale structures. When electron beams enter a substrate with highly dense patterns, a pattern distortion occurs due to the electron beam proximity effect caused by the scattering of electron beams reaching the pattern region under the substrate. A silicon nanomold of line width 50 nm was produced and the pattern uniformity was satisfied within the tolerance range through a proper correction of the electron beam proximity effect. In addition, a photo mask with ultra-fine patterns of diameter less than 100 nm was manufactured for use in the semiconductor exposure process using the correction method of the electron beam proximity effect and innovative methods involving liftoff processes.

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Deutsch, Diana. "Pitch Proximity in the Grouping of Simultaneous Tones." Music Perception 9, no. 2 (1991): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285528.

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In this paper, a new effect of pitch proximity is reported. Subjects were presented with patterns consisting of octave-related complexes. Each pattern was composed of four tones, which constituted two simultaneous melodic lines, one of which ascended by a semitone while the other descended by a semitone. The subjects judged whether the line that was higher in pitch ascended or descended, and from these judgments it was inferred which line was heard as higher and which as lower. It was found that the patterns were perceptually organized so that the simultaneous tones formed proximal relationships. The findings provide evidence that, just as successions of tones tend to be organized perceptually in accordance with pitch proximity, so simultaneous tones tend to be organized in accordance with this principle also.

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Kaplan, Abram, Kim Diver, Karl Sandin, and Sarah Kafer Mill. "Homeless Interactions with the Built Environment: A Spatial Pattern Language of Abandoned Housing." Urban Science 3, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3020065.

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Research demonstrates that homeless individuals use urban space in adaptive and endemic ways. Investigations at city and neighborhood scales would benefit from attention to homeless use of abandoned housing. We employ the pattern language approach developed by Christopher Alexander for twenty-two abandoned houses in Newark, Ohio. We use statistical and geospatial data analyses to evaluate hypotheses related to prospect and refuge site qualities, accessibility, and attractiveness to homeless persons, and the proximity of sites to resources. Factors related to prospect/refuge, accessibility, and resource proximity were consistent with the hypotheses. Results can be grouped into four distinct patterns: ‘Hiding Places,’ ‘Welcome Mat,’ ‘Shelter (Un)becoming,’ and ‘Proximity to Resources.’ Based on these patterns, we conclude with recommendations for officials and organizations addressing homelessness.

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Lee, Kyongjun, and Kyung-Soo Yang. "Flow patterns past two circular cylinders in proximity." Computers & Fluids 38, no. 4 (April 2009): 778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2008.07.005.

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Tsiobani, Eleni T., Maria D. Yiakoulaki, Nikolaos D. Hasanagas, and Ioannis E. Antoniou. "Proximity patterns in water buffaloes' activities on pasture." Archives Animal Breeding 63, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-63-19-2020.

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Abstract. Water buffaloes are considered social animals and perform several activities on pasture, such as grazing, moving, standing, ruminating, wallowing, lying, and drinking. However, the way these animals form their social structure in the herd during each one of these activities is still unknown. Literature for water buffaloes has focused mainly on their productive characteristics, impact of grazing on wetlands and behavior during grazing but failed to address the way these animals form their social organization during their activities on pasture. In this study, the tools of social network analysis are used to analyze, detect, and depict the proximity patterns in water buffaloes' activities on pasture and the effect of their age and gender on them. We describe and interpret a series of global and local network indices, and show that the water buffaloes differentiate their social structure in their activities on pasture and that the animals' age and gender affect their interacting patterns, and provide a framework for the application of social network analysis on grazing animals' social behavioral studies. We expect that this framework could be used in future research to provide information regarding the social structure of other kinds of animals that graze in different forage and climatic environments and help animal breeders to improve their management practices.

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Zhou, C., W. D. Xiao, and D. Q. Tang. "MINING CO-LOCATION PATTERNS FROM SPATIAL DATA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (June 2, 2016): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-2-85-2016.

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Due to the widespread application of geographic information systems (GIS) and GPS technology and the increasingly mature infrastructure for data collection, sharing, and integration, more and more research domains have gained access to high-quality geographic data and created new ways to incorporate spatial information and analysis in various studies. There is an urgent need for effective and efficient methods to extract unknown and unexpected information, e.g., co-location patterns, from spatial datasets of high dimensionality and complexity. A co-location pattern is defined as a subset of spatial items whose instances are often located together in spatial proximity. Current co-location mining algorithms are unable to quantify the spatial proximity of a co-location pattern. We propose a co-location pattern miner aiming to discover co-location patterns in a multidimensional spatial data by measuring the cohesion of a pattern. We present a model to measure the cohesion in an attempt to improve the efficiency of existing methods. The usefulness of our method is demonstrated by applying them on the publicly available spatial data of the city of Antwerp in Belgium. The experimental results show that our method is more efficient than existing methods.

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Zhou, C., W. D. Xiao, and D. Q. Tang. "MINING CO-LOCATION PATTERNS FROM SPATIAL DATA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-2 (June 2, 2016): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-2-85-2016.

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Due to the widespread application of geographic information systems (GIS) and GPS technology and the increasingly mature infrastructure for data collection, sharing, and integration, more and more research domains have gained access to high-quality geographic data and created new ways to incorporate spatial information and analysis in various studies. There is an urgent need for effective and efficient methods to extract unknown and unexpected information, e.g., co-location patterns, from spatial datasets of high dimensionality and complexity. A co-location pattern is defined as a subset of spatial items whose instances are often located together in spatial proximity. Current co-location mining algorithms are unable to quantify the spatial proximity of a co-location pattern. We propose a co-location pattern miner aiming to discover co-location patterns in a multidimensional spatial data by measuring the cohesion of a pattern. We present a model to measure the cohesion in an attempt to improve the efficiency of existing methods. The usefulness of our method is demonstrated by applying them on the publicly available spatial data of the city of Antwerp in Belgium. The experimental results show that our method is more efficient than existing methods.

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Mahar, Douglas P., and Brian D. Mackenzie. "Masking, Information Integration, and Tactile Pattern Perception: A Comparison of the Isolation and Integration Hypotheses." Perception 22, no. 4 (April 1993): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220483.

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Two competing models of the effects of pattern element proximity, masking, and perceptual integration on the discriminability of spatiotemporal vibrotactile patterns are compared. Kirman's ‘integration hypothesis' predicts that pattern perception is facilitated by a process of perceptual integration which requires that pattern elements be presented in close spatial and temporal proximity. Conversely, the ‘isolation hypothesis' predicts that the strong masking effects which occur when pattern elements are presented in close proximity impede the perception of patterns. Traditional masking studies do not provide a fair test of these two hypotheses because they rely on methods that measure the subject's ability to identify the target when the target is presented in conjunction with the mask, rather than the discriminability of the complex percept resulting from the integration of the target and mask. To account for this, a new procedure was devised where the amount of interelement masking and the discriminability of the pattern as a whole were measured independently as the spatial and temporal separation of the pattern elements were varied. As expected under both hypotheses, masking between pattern elements increased as either the spatial or the temporal separation between them was decreased. The pattern discrimination data also support the isolation hypothesis in that the patterns were discriminated less well with increasing temporal element separation with a similar but nonsignificant trend in the case of spatial separation. It is concluded that this new methodology should be applied to a wider range of tactile pattern processing situations in order to assess the generality of the results obtained.

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Freel, Mark S. "Sectoral patterns of small firm innovation, networking and proximity." Research Policy 32, no. 5 (May 2003): 751–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-7333(02)00084-7.

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AHN, MARK J., MICHAEL D. MEEKS, SALLY DAVENPORT, and REBECCA BEDNAREK. "DEATH OF DISTANCE? — BIOTECHNOLOGY AGGLOMERATION PATTERNS, ALLIANCE PROXIMITY, AND FIRM PERFORMANCE." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 06, no. 03 (September 2009): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877009001704.

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Leading biopharmaceutical firms need to dynamically optimize pipeline portfolios of internally and externally generated product candidates to ensure sustainable growth. This paper provides an empirical analysis of leading global biotechnology firms with respect to technology agglomeration patterns, proximity to alliance partners, and firm performance for the period 1996–2006. Findings suggest that the absolute number of technology and product alliances were approximately twice as important as proximity to partners in terms of firm performance. These results indicate that a strategy of relentless pipeline building, without regard to geographic proximity of alliance partners, may enhance relative and absolute performance of biopharmaceutical industry leaders.

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Riera, Rodrigo, Fernando Tuya, Óscar Pérez, Eva Ramos, Myriam Rodríguez, and Óscar Monterroso. "Effects of proximity to offshore fish farms over soft-bottom macrofauna." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 2 (October 2, 2014): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414001386.

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Sea-cage fish farms impact the seabed within their immediate vicinity, potentially affecting recipient communities. We assessed whether proximity to three sea-cage fish farms at the Canary Islands altered patterns in the abundance, assemblage structure and richness of soft-bottom macrofauna. We related among-farm variability in dissimilarities in macrofaunal assemblage structure between seabeds beneath cages and controls to differences in hydrodynamics, production and seabed topography. Contrasting patterns of species abundances with varying proximity to fish farms were observed: some species decreased while other species increased their abundances with increasing distance at some farms. Although faunal assemblages at 0 m (i.e. beneath the cages) were different, in terms of assemblage structure, from those found at controls, pairwise differences in assemblage structure among distances away varied among the studied fish farms. Species richness showed inconsistent patterns with proximity to cages among fish farms. In summary, inconsistent patterns of macrofaunal assemblages with varying proximity to aquaculture facilities preclude confident predictions on the way offshore aquaculture alters macrofauna in the study region.

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Montague-Drake, R., and DB Croft. "Do kangaroos exhibit water-focused grazing patterns in arid New South Wales? A case study in Sturt National Park." Australian Mammalogy 26, no. 1 (2004): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am04087.

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The density of kangaroos (Macropus spp.) within 5 km of current and former artificial watering points in Sturt National Park (NSW) was studied over a two-year period using the line transect method. Kangaroo densities were not significantly related to water proximity and did not significantly differ between open and closed watering points. Infrared sensors detected and counted kangaroo movements to and from artificial watering points and these were positively correlated with temperature. However, line transect counts did not reveal a shift in kangaroo distributions to water-proximate areas in warmer seasons. The results suggest that kangaroos travel to drink and then return to relatively stable home ranges that take advantage of sites offering the best grazing and resting opportunities. Vegetation surveys, using a wheel point device, revealed that the biomass of Atriplex spp. decreased significantly with increased proximity to artificial watering points, but the biomass of Poaceae spp. and numerous forbs did not. Vegetative diversity was unrelated to water proximity. Low vegetation biomass near artificial watering points in Sturt National Park may be more correctly attributed to the effects from past sheep-grazing pressure, than to any current grazing pressure. The implications of artificial watering point closure on conservation values and nature-based tourism are discussed.

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HUANG, YAN, PUSHENG ZHANG, and CHENGYANG ZHANG. "ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CLUSTERING AND SPATIAL CO-LOCATION PATTERN MINING." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 17, no. 01 (February 2008): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213008003777.

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The goal of spatial co-location pattern mining is to find subsets of spatial features frequently located together in spatial proximity. Example co-location patterns include services requested frequently and located together from mobile devices (e.g., PDAs and cellular phones) and symbiotic species in ecology (e.g., Nile crocodile and Egyptian plover). Spatial clustering groups similar spatial objects together. Reusing research results in clustering, e.g. algorithms and visualization techniques, by mapping co-location mining problem into a clustering problem would be very useful. However, directly clustering spatial objects from various spatial features may not yield well-defined co-location patterns. Clustering spatial objects in each layer followed by overlaying the layers of clusters may not applicable to many application domains where the spatial objects in some layers are not clustered. In this paper, we propose a new approach to the problem of mining co-location patterns using clustering techniques. First, we propose a novel framework for co-location mining using clustering techniques. We show that the proximity of two spatial features can be captured by summarizing their spatial objects embedded in a continuous space via various techniques. We define the desired properties of proximity functions compared to similarity functions in clustering. Furthermore, we summarize the properties of a list of popular spatial statistical measures as the proximity functions. Finally, we show that clustering techniques can be applied to reveal the rich structure formed by co-located spatial features. A case study on real datasets shows that our method is effective for mining co-locations from large spatial datasets.

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Watanabe, Daisuke. "A Study on Analyzing Road Network Patterns using Proximity Graphs." Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 40.3 (2005): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.40.3.133.

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Watanabe, Daisuke. "A Study on Analyzing Road Network Patterns using Proximity Graphs." Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 40 (2005): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/cpij1.40.0.23.0.

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Peters, James F., and Sheela Ramanna. "Treasure Trove at Banacha. Set Patterns in Descriptive Proximity Spaces." Fundamenta Informaticae 127, no. 1-4 (2013): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2013-914.

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Rayner, M., A. D. Olver, and A. D. Monk. "Proximity effects of absorbing boundary conditions on antenna radiation patterns." Radio Science 31, no. 6 (November 1996): 1845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96rs02215.

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Dai, Q., S. Y. Lee, S. H. Lee, B. G. Kim, and H. K. Cho. "Three-dimensional proximity effect correction for large-scale uniform patterns." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 29, no. 6 (November 2011): 06F314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.3660785.

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Novák, Jan, and Martin Konvička. "Proximity of valuable habitats affects succession patterns in abandoned quarries." Ecological Engineering 26, no. 2 (February 2006): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.06.008.

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Lobo-Segura, Jorge-Arturo. "Diversity of phenological patterns of Handroanthus ochraceus (Bignoniaceae) in Costa Rica." Revista de Biología Tropical 67, no. 2SUPL (May 14, 2019): S149—S158. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v67i2supl.37220.

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The study of phenological patterns in plant communities is of vital importance for understanding the temporal cycles of ecosystems, but there is little information on the diversity of phenological patterns that can occur at the intraspecific level, as well as the genetic or environmental factors causing this variation. In Handroanthus ochraceus, a deciduous tree species of neotropical dry forests, ecophysiological studies have proposed the release of water stress as the mechanism that triggers flowering and the sprouting of new leaves. During four years, I observed the cycles of leaf fall, flowering, fruiting, and new leaf production in seven Costa Rican sites that differed in their proximity to water courses and in soil moisture. Six were located in dry forest areas, and one in premontane forest. There were two general phenological patterns: the explosive, where trees depend on the first rains for floral anthesis and the expansion of leaf meristems, and the staggered pattern, with unsynchronized flowering at the beginning and middle of the dry season, independently of rainfall. Although this phenological variation has been previously recognized, the occurrence of these two patterns is not determined by the proximity of water courses, contradicting phenological models proposed for this tree species.

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Csenki, Attila, Daniel Neagu, Denis Torgunov, and Natasha Micic. "Proximity Curves for Potential-Based Clustering." Journal of Classification 37, no. 3 (December 18, 2019): 671–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00357-019-09348-y.

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AbstractThe concept of proximity curve and a new algorithm are proposed for obtaining clusters in a finite set of data points in the finite dimensional Euclidean space. Each point is endowed with a potential constructed by means of a multi-dimensional Cauchy density, contributing to an overall anisotropic potential function. Guided by the steepest descent algorithm, the data points are successively visited and removed one by one, and at each stage the overall potential is updated and the magnitude of its local gradient is calculated. The result is a finite sequence of tuples, the proximity curve, whose pattern is analysed to give rise to a deterministic clustering. The finite set of all such proximity curves in conjunction with a simulation study of their distribution results in a probabilistic clustering represented by a distribution on the set of dendrograms. A two-dimensional synthetic data set is used to illustrate the proposed potential-based clustering idea. It is shown that the results achieved are plausible since both the ‘geographic distribution’ of data points as well as the ‘topographic features’ imposed by the potential function are well reflected in the suggested clustering. Experiments using the Iris data set are conducted for validation purposes on classification and clustering benchmark data. The results are consistent with the proposed theoretical framework and data properties, and open new approaches and applications to consider data processing from different perspectives and interpret data attributes contribution to patterns.

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Praneetha Sree, Rayanoothala, D. V. L. N. Somayajulu, and S. Ravichandra. "A Novel Approach for Mining Time and Space Proximity-based Frequent Sequential Patterns from Trajectory Data." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 19, no. 04 (November 28, 2020): 2050040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649220500409.

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Trajectory Data have been considered as a treasure for various hidden patterns which provide deeper understanding of the underlying moving objects. Several studies are focused to extract repetitive, frequent and group patterns. Conventional algorithms defined for Sequential Patterns Mining problems are not directly applicable for trajectory data. Space Partitioning strategies were proposed to capture space proximity first and then time proximity to discover the knowledge in the data. Our proposal addresses time proximity first by identifying trajectories which meet at a minimum of [Formula: see text] time stamps in sequence. A novel tree structure is proposed to ease the process. Our method investigates space proximity using Mahalanobis distance (MD). We have used the Manhattan distance to form prior knowledge that helps the supervised learning-based MD to derive the clusters of trajectories along the true spreads of the objects. With the help of minsup threshold, clusters of frequent trajectories are found and then in sequence they form [Formula: see text] length Sequential Patterns. Illustrative examples are provided to compare the MD metric with Euclidean distance metric, Synthetic dataset is generated and results are presented considering the various parameters such as number of objects, minsup, [Formula: see text] value, number of hops in any trajectory and computational time. Experiments are done on available real-time dataset, taxi dataset, too. Sequential Patterns are proved to be worthy of knowledge to understand dynamics of the moving objects and to recommend the movements in constrained networks.

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Balash, Vladimir, Olga Balash, Alexey Faizliev, and Elena Chistopolskaya. "Economic Growth Patterns: Spatial Econometric Analysis for Russian Regions." Information 11, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11060289.

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In this article, we analyze the σ - and β -convergence, using the data of the socio-economic development of Russian areas, and discover the role of spatial autocorrelation in regional economic development. We are considering 80 areas of the Russian Federation for the period of 2010–2017. Moran coefficients were used to estimate spatial autocorrelation. We compare the Moran scatterplots for GDP per capita and GDP growth rates per capita in 2017 and in 2014. We study the impact on raising investment in leading capital and the costs of technological innovation. We evaluate a wide range of specifications of spatial econometric models for all kinds of weight matrices. We combine standard geographical proximity with specialization proximity to assess whether they are substitutes or additions to converging economic growth rates. The weight matrix of the neighborhood and specialization similarities are used. The weight matrix of specialization similarities of the regional economies is based on data on the structure of tax payments in 82 industries. The specialization structure of the region’s economy is related to its location. Clusters obtained by matrices of specialization proximity are well separable from each other in space. The connectivity within clusters and the boundaries between them become more apparent over time. It is shown that according to the results of estimation of conditional β -convergence models, the models of 2010–2014 and 2014–2017 differ significantly. There is a statistically significant β -convergence for the period 2010–2014. There is also the presence of spatial autocorrelation. Based on the results of valuation models constructed from data after 2014, it can be concluded that the coefficient estimates for the explanatory variables are not significantly different from zero, and accordingly there is no tendency towards regional convergence in terms of economic development. The results obtained in the work are stable for the proposed models and spatial weight matrices. Territorial proximity is a more important factor than the similarity of specialization for explanation the economic growth rates of Russian regions.

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Xuan, Xiaodong, Xixi Chen, and Zongfei Li. "Impacts of Nursing Unit Design on Visibility and Proximity and Its Influences on Communication, Privacy, and Efficiency." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 13, no. 2 (November 10, 2019): 200–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586719881443.

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Objectives: This study examines the role of visibility and proximity on nurse communication patterns, perception of privacy, and efficiency in double-corridor nursing units. Background: Nurses are extremely important for the quality of healthcare. The literature suggests that visibility and proximity have a substantial impact on the delivery of care and staff experience. However, few studies have empirically examined nursing units in China. Method: Questionnaire surveys, observations, and simulations of medication administration tasks were employed. Results: Visibility and proximity influenced communication patterns, perceptions of privacy, and efficiency. The type of wall in the medication room could impact nurses’ perception of privacy and efficiency. A partial glass wall in the medication room could achieve balance between privacy and visibility. A medication room that is adjacent to and is easily accessed from the nurse station (NS) could provide efficient communication and efficient work. The partition type between the NS and the doctor’s office and the layout of the medication room could impact communication patterns. The relative position of the NS, medication room, and disposal room could influence the flow of medication administration tasks, and a geographically contiguous spatial layout could enhance work efficiency. Conclusions: The findings contribute to the body of knowledge on the impact of visibility and proximity on nurses’ communication patterns, perception of privacy, and efficiency. Recommendations to improve the design of double-corridor nursing units are also provided.

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Hazem Radwan Ahmed, Hazem Radwan Ahmed, and Janice Glasgow. "Pattern Discovery in Protein Networks Reveals High-Confidence Predictions of Novel Interactions." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 28, no. 2 (July 27, 2014): 2938–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v28i2.19035.

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Pattern discovery in protein interaction networks can reveal crucial biological knowledge on the inner workings of cellular machinery. Although far from complete, extracting meaningful patterns from proteomic networks is a nontrivial task due to their size-complexity. This paper proposes a computational framework to efficiently discover topologically-similar patterns from large proteomic networks using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). PSO is a robust and low-cost optimization technique that demonstrated to work effectively on the complex, mostly sparse proteomic networks. The resulting topologicallysimilar patterns of close proximity are utilized to systematically predict new high-confidence protein-protein interactions (PPIs). The proposed PSO-based PPI prediction method (3PI) managed to predict high-confidence PPIs, validated by more than one computational/experimental source, through a proposed PPI knowledge transfer process between topologically-similar interaction patterns of close proximity. In three case studies, over 50% of the predicted interactions for EFGR, ERBB2, ERBB3, GRB2 and UBC are overlapped with publically available interaction databases, ~80% of the predictions are found among the Top 1% results of another PPI prediction method and their genes are significantly co-expressed across different tissues. Moreover, the only single prediction example that did not overlap with any of our validation sources was recently experimentally supported by two PubMed publications.

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Suchak, Malini, Michael Piombino, and Kalina Bracco. "Predictors of proximity to others in colony housed shelter cats (Felis silvestris catus)." Pet Behaviour Science, no. 2 (December 10, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/pbs.v0i2.5186.

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Colony housing of cats allows shelters to maximize the number of cats housed in limited space. Most research on colony-housed cats examines stress in relation to group size or enclosure size. While this is important for evaluating welfare, it is equally important to understand how cats are interacting socially in these colonies. We observed 259 adult cats housed in groups of two to eight individuals. Scan samples were used to assess how frequently individual cats were in close proximity to other cats. These data were used to measure individual differences in sociability and patterns of proximity to certain partners. We used information about the past history of the cat, which was collected upon admission to the shelter to identify predictors of time spent in proximity. There was a high degree of inter-individual variability in sociability. Strays tended to spend less time in proximity to other cats, and this effect was most pronounced in females.However, none of the information collected upon admission predicted patterns of proximity to certain partners, or which cats spent time in association witheach other. Future studies should explore the implications of differences in sociability by associating observations of social behavior and stress behaviors.

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Machida, Y., N. Nakayama, S. Furuya, and S. Yamamoto. "Enhanced proximity-effect correction for VLSI patterns in electron-beam lithography." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 32, no. 4 (April 1985): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/t-ed.1985.22027.

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Higuchi, Takamasa, Hirozumi Yamaguchi, and Teruo Higashino. "Trajectory identification based on spatio-temporal proximity patterns between mobile phones." Wireless Networks 22, no. 2 (June 12, 2015): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-015-0987-z.

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Vachette, Thierry G., Patrick J. Paniez, Frederic Lalanne, and Michel Madore. "Proximity E-beam exposure in submicron patterns using a silylation process." Microelectronic Engineering 13, no. 1-4 (March 1991): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9317(91)90078-r.

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Rao, Madhu, Than Myint, Than Zaw, and Saw Htun. "Hunting patterns in tropical forests adjoining the Hkakaborazi National Park, north Myanmar." Oryx 39, no. 3 (May 6, 2005): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605305000724.

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Hunting for subsistence and trade constitute a major threat to wildlife populations within and outside protected areas in Myanmar. We examined hunting patterns in a forested landscape adjoining the Hkakaborazi National Park in north Myanmar with the aim of generating recommendations to manage hunting. The results described here focus on two issues: the significance of proximity to settlements and markets for prey abundance, and the influence of relative abundance and intrinsic preference on prey offtake. We used strip transect and camera trap surveys to generate relative abundance indices and overall encounter/capture rates for commonly hunted species at four sites that differed in their proximity to settlements and large trading towns. Questionnaires were used to obtain meal records and information on hunting. Encounter and capture rates for hunted species appear to be inversely related to proximity to villages as well as to large, commercial towns. Hunting is indiscriminate, with offtake determined largely by relative abundance rather than intrinsic preference or legislation. Specific management and policy recommendations include the need to monitor the impacts of hunting on vulnerable species, the demarcation of no-take areas, and modification of the legal framework for wildlife conservation.

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McCullough, Aston K., Helena Duch, and Carol Ewing Garber. "Interactive Dyadic Physical Activity and Spatial Proximity Patterns in 2-Year-Olds and Their Parents." Children 5, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5120167.

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This study aimed to characterize daily physical activity (PA) behaviors in 2-year-old girls and boys and their parents, with and without an objective measure of dyadic spatial proximity. Urban-dwelling parent–toddler dyads (N = 110) wore accelerometers for 7 days, and parents completed a sociodemographic questionnaire. Accelerometers were initialized to collect PA and Bluetooth-based proximity data. After applying wear-time algorithms, n = 65 dyads were further analyzed using a dyadic analysis statistical methodology. Toddler–parent sedentary and light PA time were respectively interdependent, conditional on child sex and child-parent proximity, but moderate–vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was not. Toddlers were significantly more active on weekdays and weekends than their parents, and no differences were found in daily PA volumes between girls and boys. In dyads with proximity data (n = 34), analyses of joint (i.e., proximal and mutual) PA time showed that girls participated in significantly more joint PA with their mothers than boys. Children who engaged in ≥60 min of MVPA/day participated in ~2 h of joint PA/day, on average, while children with <60 min of MVPA/day engaged in ~30 min less joint-PA time with their mothers. Boys and girls who participated in higher daily MVPA volumes engaged in joint PA with their mothers across greater relative distances, as compared to less active boys who engaged in joint PA at closer relative distances to their mothers. Toddlers who engaged in ≥60 min of daily MVPA participated in joint PA with their mothers at greater relative distances and for longer durations than less active children. Further research on the dyadic activity–proximity relationship is needed across early childhood development.

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Frenken, Koen. "Geography of scientific knowledge: A proximity approach." Quantitative Science Studies 1, no. 3 (September 2020): 1007–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00058.

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Proximity among scientists in social, cognitive, and physical dimensions promotes the sharing of tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge helps scientists to understand the credibility of papers they read and to use the results in subsequent research. Hence, given the proximity among scientists in social, cognitive, and physical dimensions, one can predict patterns of diffusion in science. However, for controversial knowledge claims to become replicated, one expects the proximity between scientists itself to change as like-minded scientists relocate and create new coalitions. Proximity can thus be used as a unifying concept for the study of scientific knowledge diffusion as well as for the analysis of mobility of scientists.

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Craig, James C. "The Trajectory Effect in Intermodal Temporal Order Judgments." Perception 34, no. 3 (March 2005): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5293.

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Subjects judged which one of two patterns, a visual or a tactile pattern, had been presented first. The visual and tactile displays were placed in close spatial proximity. The patterns appeared to move across their respective displays. Although irrelevant to the temporal order judgment (TOJ), the direction of motion of the patterns—the trajectory—affected the judgments. When the leading pattern was moving towards the trailing pattern (consistent movement), subjects tended to judge it, correctly, as leading. When the leading pattern was moving away from the trailing pattern (inconsistent movement), subjects tended to judge it, incorrectly, as trailing. Changing the spatial position of the arrays such that the pattern trajectories were no longer towards one another eliminated the effect of movement on TOJs. Although there was a substantial difference in performance on consistent and inconsistent trials, there were no differences in subjects' ratings of their performances. The results demonstrate that the trajectory effect can be obtained multimodally. The issues whether the effect of motion alters the perceived temporal separation between the visual and tactile patterns, and whether the visual and tactile patterns are represented by a common framework, are discussed.

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Kaczmarek, Louise A., Beverley Cush Evans, and Nike Michaelides Stever. "Initiating Expressive Communication: An Analysis of the Listener Preparatory Behaviors of Preschoolers with Developmental Disabilities in Center-Based Programs." Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 20, no. 1 (March 1995): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154079699502000107.

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This descriptive study examined the listener preparatory behaviors (LPBs) of selecting a listener, establishing listener proximity, and obtaining listener attention of 16 preschoolers with moderate to severe developmental disabilities within the daily classroom routine. Using an observational coding system, the study identified the patterns of listener preparatory behaviors that were associated with opportunities for the target children's expressive communication. Eighteen distinct listener preparatory behavior patterns were observed, 16 of which described the LPB patterns that children used when initiating expressive communication. These patterns revealed that opportunities for children to display all three listener preparatory behaviors in classrooms were minimal, because almost all expressive communication took place with proximate partners. The results also demonstrated that using specific attention-getters were not significantly more successful than just stating the message. However, target children were significantly more likely to obtain the attention of their communication partners if they first selected them than if they did not.

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Dlugonski, Deirdre, Katrina Drowatzky DuBose, and Patrick Rider. "Accelerometer-Measured Patterns of Shared Physical Activity Among Mother–Young Child Dyads." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 14, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2017-0028.

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Background:Many mothers and young children are not meeting physical activity guidelines. Parent–child coparticipation in physical activity (ie, shared physical activity) provides opportunities for social modeling and might be associated with child physical activity. There is very little information about shared physical activity using objective measures.Methods:Participants (N = 17 mother–young child dyads) completed a demographic survey and height/weight measurements, and wore a Bluetooth® accelerometer for 1 week. Accelerometers were initialized using the proximity function to yield both individual and proximity [a minute-by-minute log of whether the 2 accelerometers were in- or out-of-range (∼50 m or less)] data. Shared physical activity was calculated in MATLAB by overlaying individual and proximity accelerometer data.Results:Mother–child dyads spent approximately 2 hours per day in shared time that was mostly shared sedentary activities. Less than 1% of shared minutes per day were spent in shared moderate to vigorous physical activity.Conclusions:Mothers and young children spent a small portion of their day in shared activities. Most mother–child shared time was spent in sedentary or light activities rather than moderate to vigorous physical activity. This method for objectively measuring shared physical activity provides novel information about the context in which physical activity occurs and could be used to understand patterns of physical activity among other dyads.

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Dutra, Rosália. "Parallelisms and affectivity in the negotiation of optimal social proximity." Stance, resonance and the power of engagement 24, no. 1 (August 18, 2017): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.24.1.03dut.

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Abstract This paper explores the ways in which speakers exchange information about themselves, and the world around them, in order to create an optimal social space in which interaction and engagement may be successfully accomplished. Success, in turn, the paper argues, depends on speakers making communicative gestures that involve the expression of certain aspects of their inner world: their preferences, attitudes, interests, beliefs, characterizations, points of view, values, assessments, likes, dislikes, and related notions that are rooted in how they feel about the world. Drawing from multi-party conversational data, the paper argues that resonance is one of the most productive outlets for the construction of ordinary evaluative/emotive stances. In fact, it is through the social practice of resonance itself that the amorphous and subtle nature of affect and emotions takes shape. The utterances that are selected for resonance, the subsequent resonant patterns, and the frequency in which the pattern is reproduced in order to secure the intended meaning are also briefly addressed in the paper.

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Tang, Zhao Huan, Jia Chen, Kai Zhou Tan, and Bin Wang. "Thick Epitaxy Stepper Method for Special-Type Device." Advanced Materials Research 739 (August 2013): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.739.222.

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A stepper lithography method for thick epitaxy of special-type device was proposed. In this method, a mask with both alignment mark for proximity lithography and identification mark for stepper equipment was designed to solve the problem of precise alignment to patterns before thick-layer epitaxy and stepper lithography after thick-layer epitaxy. Using this method, the accuracy for alignment of patterns before and after thick-layer epitaxy reached 0.5 μm. This pattern alignment method special for thick-layer epitaxy is also applicable for stepper lithography of VDMOS with NBL, super-junction VDMOS, high-voltage complementary bipolar device and high-voltage BCD device.

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Saudah, Saudah, and Dodot Sapto Adi. "Women's Silence Imaginative-Proximity in Media." Jurnal Nomosleca 8, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/nomosleca.v8i2.8858.

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The condition of society is equal to the need for information presented in the mass media. This uniqueness places women in an important position in finding the existence of the media. Women have a dual position as creators and connoisseurs of mass media, because there is sufficient time to utilize the media as a solution. The growing phenomenon lies in the reality that can be formed from the conditions created between women, and conventional mass media as well as renewable media. By conducting in-depth interviews, the results show that the media has the ability to form and strengthen identities, and get closer to the media, so that they can carry out the process of adapting to the patterns presented by the media. This situation causes the emergence of women's closeness to the mass media which is shrouded in a distinctive imagination. Each will mean the information presented, and provide a process of knowing, imitating, and forming identity on the mass media.Keywords: Women, Mass Media, Medium Wise

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Voronina, Maria Yurievna, Alexey Alexeevich Kislitsyn, and Yurii Nikolaevich Orlov. "Two-factor patterns construction in problems of texts classification." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 43 (2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2022-43.

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Two-factor patterns of empirical distributions of bigram frequencies for machine classification of texts by authors and subject are constructed. Text attributes are recognized by the nearest neighbor method in relation to reference distributions. The proximity between distributions is understood in the sense of the norm in L1. The "author-topic" pair of an unknown text is defined as a nearest neighbor pattern. The problem of recognizing the author regardless of the topic of the text and the topic regardless of the author is analyzed. The possibilities of enlarging and detailing classification features are also being investigated.

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Peng, Peng, Kai-Fu Yang, and Yong-Jie Li. "A computational model for gestalt proximity principle on dot patterns and beyond." Journal of Vision 21, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.5.23.

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Uchiyama, Shingo, Shigehisa Ohki, and Tadahito Matsuda. "A New Proximity Parameter Evaluation Method Utilizing Auxiliary Patterns for Dose Compensation." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 32, Part 1, No. 12B (December 30, 1993): 6028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.32.6028.

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Somemura, Yoh, Kimiyoshi Deguchi, and Kazunori Miyoshi. "Proximity Effect on Patterning Characteristics of Hole Patterns in Synchrotron Radiation Lithography." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 33, Part 1, No. 10 (October 15, 1994): 6046–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.33.6046.

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Chiu, Chia-Yi, and Jeff Douglas. "A Nonparametric Approach to Cognitive Diagnosis by Proximity to Ideal Response Patterns." Journal of Classification 30, no. 2 (July 2013): 225–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00357-013-9132-9.

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Jenkins, Peggy L., Thomas J. Phillips, Elliot J. Mulberg, and Steve P. Hui. "Activity patterns of Californians: Use of and proximity to indoor pollutant sources." Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics 26, no. 12 (August 1992): 2141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90402-7.

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Dugatkin, Lee Allan, and Robert Craig Sargent. "Male-male association patterns and female proximity in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 35, no. 2 (August 1994): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00171504.

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Dugatkin, L. A., and Robert Craig Sargent. "Male-male association patterns and female proximity in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 35, no. 2 (August 1, 1994): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050080.

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Wiseman, Clare L. S., Fathi Zereini, and Wilhelm Püttmann. "Metal translocation patterns in Solanum melongena grown in close proximity to traffic." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21, no. 2 (August 14, 2013): 1572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2039-5.

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Melvin, Lawrence S., Ebo Croffie, and Abani Biswas. "Generation of isofocal target patterns using process modeling during optical proximity correction." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 24, no. 6 (2006): 2815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.2397069.

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Lewis-Workman, Steven, and Daniel Brod. "Measuring the Neighborhood Benefits of Rail Transit Accessibility." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1576, no. 1 (January 1997): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1576-19.

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For many Americans, living near high-quality rail transit stations provides an array of benefits. The benefits arise from lower transportation expenses, changing development patterns, and other nonuse factors. Automobile-centered development patterns increase congestion, sprawl, and pollution. The benefits of transit-oriented neighborhoods are explored. A hedonic price function is used to estimate property values and the effect of proximity to rail transit stations. Geographical information system databases were used to calculate actual walking distances to transit, providing a much more accurate measure of the “proximity” variable than the usual measure of straight-line distance. The results indicate that proximity to rail transit stations can be a significant source of benefit to residents within walking distance. Whereas light rail transit stations in Portland, Oregon, indicate minimal effects, the magnitude of the benefits for the Bay Area Rapid Transit and New York City Metropolitan Transportation Authority stations, when compared with standard measures of transit benefits, indicate that benefits from transit exceed those attributable to transit use.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Proximity Patterns'

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