Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Proximity Patterns'
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1
Forssmann, Chantal, and Lisa Hildebrand. "Perceived Proximity in Times of Spatial Distance : Understanding the Mediating Effect of Communication Behavior in Suddenly Dispersed Teams." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177632.
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Background: The persistent Covid-19 pandemic tremendously challenged existing work teams as it drove spatial dispersion among colleagues and greater dependence on virtual communication tools. Consequently, teams were required to adapt proven communication practices that mediate the exchange of social information and the perception of proximity to teammates. Aim: We aim to broaden team studies’ theoretical understanding of communication behavior and proximity in the light of contextual changes by developing an empathic understanding of the contemporary phenomena. This entails identifying arisen communication behavior patterns and assessing the impact of behavioral changes on team members’ perception of proximity. Methodology: By conducting a qualitative case study, we investigated three teams of a medium-sized German fashion corporation. The iterative data collection entailed six semi-structured interviews with individuals and focus groups and complementary quantitative surveys. Findings: We posit that sudden spatial dispersion of familiar teams does not inevitable lead to greater perceived distance, but that a team’s ability to appropriate technology, so social needs are met, is decisive. Further, the new communication practices of all teams were found to maintain high levels of synchronicity and social informational value. Yet, communication quality and social exchange was partially hampered by reduced spontaneity, greater passiveness, and a loss of humor. This was found to be strongly influenced by team members’ attitudes towards used technology.
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BAZZANO, FEDERICA. "Human-Machine Interfaces for Service Robotics." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2734314.
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Reed, Nicola Louise. "Quantifying contact rates and space use in the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) : implications for the transmission of bovine tuberculosis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3371.
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This thesis examines the space use, movement and contact rate patterns of a high- density, group-living, Eurasian badger (Meles meles) population in the UK naturally infected with bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Recently developed proximity logging devices were deployed on a representative sample of 51 badgers from eight different social groups to track their movements using radio-telemetry and to quantify their within- and between-group contact rates. Whilst interactions within social groups accounted for more than 90% of contacts, the entire study population was ultimately connected through interactions among individuals from neighbouring groups. Both within and between-group contacts, and also the use of denning sites, were heavily influenced by seasonal and demographic factors, which appear to be motivated to a large extent by reproductive behaviours. Nevertheless, by using social network analysis I found that badgers that tested positive for bTB were found to interact with fewer of their group members and for a shorter amount of time. Specifically these test-positive individuals were found to associate with test-negative group members significantly less than would be expected by chance. Those animals testing positive for bTB were also found to use outlying setts significantly more frequently than those that tested negative. The within and between-group contact rates of individuals were found to correlate with their sett use patterns. Those animals that spent less time interacting with group members and those that spent more time interacting with members of foreign social groups, were found to spend a greater proportion of their time at outlier setts. The findings in this thesis suggest a link between wider roaming behaviour and the disease status of an individual. This adds support to the argument that the social disruption of badger populations, for example through culling, may promote rather than alleviate the spread of bTB as a result of increased movement and contacts between groups. State-of-the-art technology has enabled me to demonstrate the strong influence that badger social organisation may have on the transmission of an economically significant infectious disease. My findings suggest that disease control measures might be enhanced by taking into account seasonal and individual-level variation in ranging behaviour and use of outlier setts, for example, by identifying and targeting functional groups of individuals, specific areas, or times of the year that contribute disproportionately to disease spread.
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Tembe, Waibhav D. "Proximity Metrics for Contextual Pattern Recognition." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1096665126.
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Ea, Chee Seng. "Electron beam proximity effect correction." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312871.
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Archanskaia, Elizaveta. "Bilateral distance, multilateral proximity, and the pattern of trade." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0031.
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Le premier chapitre, coécrit avec Guilaume Daudin, propose une explication du puzzle de la distance. Nous mesurons l'évolution de l'élasticité armingtonienne et établissons qu’elle a augmenté d'au moins 13% entre 1963 et 2009. Or, l’élasticité du commerce à la distance est le produit de cette élasticité et de l’élasticité des coûts de commerce à la distance. Nous en déduisons que la perception de la substituabilité croissante des biens explique l'élasticité non décroissante du commerce à la distance. Le deuxième chapitre établit que les différences de coût des biens intermédiaires contribuent de manière croissante à la détermination de l'avantage comparatif. On montre que l'écart de coût du bien intermédiaire composite pour chaque paire de pays correspond au ratio des indices synthétiques qui mesurent les coûts de commerce payés pour l'accès aux inputs. Comme la part du facteur intermédiaire dans la fonction de production est spécifique au secteur, cet écart devient source d'avantage comparatif. Cet écart explique une part croissante de la variation intersectorielle des exportations: de 3 à 8% entre 1995 et 2009. Nous confirmons l'intuition ricardienne: les différences de savoir-faire technologiques déterminent la spécialisation des pays. Le troisième chapitre exploite la variation dans la structure de l'avantage comparatif des pays émergents et la variation dans leur accès relatif au marché européen en 1996-2007 pour établir que l'élasticité du commerce aux barrières tarifaires en coupe transversale ainsi que la réactivité du commerce à une modification des marges préferentielles sont bien fonction du degré de l'hétérogénéité dans les dotations sectorielles des paysThe first chapter, coauthored with Guillaume Daudin, proposes an explanation of the distance puzzle. We measure the evolution of the Armington elasticity and establish its increase by at least 13% in 1963-2009. As the distance elasticity of trade is the product of this Armington elasticity with the distance elasticity of trade costs, we conclude that the non-decreasing distance elasticity of trade is likely due to an increase in perceived product substitutability. The second chapter establishes that production unbundling has coincided with an inscreasing role of input costs in shaping the pattern of comparative advantage. It is shown that the wedge in the cost of the input bundle across countries is given by a composite index of trade frictions incurred in sourcing inputs. As the cost share of inputs is sector-specific this wedge becomes source of comparative advantage whereby countries characterized by relatively high proximity to input suppliers specialize in sectors which use inputs more intensively. This gap explains an increasing share of the variation in relative sectoral exports: from 3 to 8% in 1995-2009. But consistently with the fundamental intuition of Ricardian models the ranking of relative sectoral technology stocks determines intersectoral specialization. The third chapter exploits variation in the structure of comparative advantage of emerging economies together with variation in their relative access to EU markets in 1996-2007 to establish that trade sensitivity to relative trade costs is decreasing in the degree of endowment dissimilarity. Adverse competition effects are specific to exporter pairs which are sufficiently substitutable in production
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Arumugavelu, Shankar. "SIMD algorithms for single link and complete link pattern clustering." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001967.
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Barberet, Alexandra-Charlotte. "Modeling of mask manufacturing process using laser pattern generator tools, to define mask resolution enhancement technologies and to correct mask proximity effects." Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0002.
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Petit, Antoine. "Robust visual detection and tracking of complex objects : applications to space autonomous rendez-vous and proximity operations." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931604.
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In this thesis, we address the issue of fully localizing a known object through computer vision, using a monocular camera, what is a central problem in robotics. A particular attention is here paid on space robotics applications, with the aims of providing a unified visual localization system for autonomous navigation purposes for space rendezvous and proximity operations. Two main challenges of the problem are tackled: initially detecting the targeted object and then tracking it frame-by-frame, providing the complete pose between the camera and the object, knowing the 3D CAD model of the object. For detection, the pose estimation process is based on the segmentation of the moving object and on an efficient probabilistic edge-based matching and alignment procedure of a set of synthetic views of the object with a sequence of initial images. For the tracking phase, pose estimation is handled through a 3D model-based tracking algorithm, for which we propose three different types of visual features, pertinently representing the object with its edges, its silhouette and with a set of interest points. The reliability of the localization process is evaluated by propagating the uncertainty from the errors of the visual features. This uncertainty besides feeds a linear Kalman filter on the camera velocity parameters. Qualitative and quantitative experiments have been performed on various synthetic and real data, with challenging imaging conditions, showing the efficiency and the benefits of the different contributions, and their compliance with space rendezvous applications.
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Sidduri, Sridher Rao. "An Architecture for Mobile Local Information Search : Focusing on Wireless LAN and Cellular Integration." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för för interaktion och systemdesign, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3035.
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The thesis work intends to provide architecture for mobile local information search service using Wireless LAN and cellular integration. Search technology has been popular and driving business bodies with increasing e-commerce opportunities. The search technology has been recently brought to portable devices such as mobile phones and PDA devices by extending the research scope. Mobile search revenues are expected to surpass Internet search revenues in near future. Mobile local search on the other hand is getting much popular with growing number of mobile subscribers. Mobile phones have been chosen to provide mobile local search services because of its high possessivity and portable nature. In this thesis work, the author would like to propose a generalized architecture for mobile local information search in a new perspective by involving cellular service provider directly with a minimum co-operation from consumers and retailers. When providing mobile local search services, cellular operator has to maintain a replica of databases of all the existing retailers. Updating the replica at cellular operator at regular intervals has been leading to synchronization problems that produce out-dated results to mobile users. The aspects that have driven the author towards proposing the architecture are solving database synchronization problems and thriving for effective search results. The existing architecture of web search, mobile search and mobile local search are analyzed to identify the domain specific challenges and research gaps. Proposed architecture is designed and evaluated by using an approach called Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM). The architecture is evaluated against its quality attributes and the results are presented.Sridher Rao Sidduri Lindblomsvagen, 97, Rum no 555, 372 33 Ronneby, Sweden E-mail: srsi05@student.bth.se
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Lenormand, Maxime. "Initialiser et calibrer un modèle de microsimulation dynamique stochastique : application au modèle SimVillages." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822114.
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Le but de cette thèse est de développer des outils statistiques permettant d'initialiser et de calibrer les modèles de microsimulation dynamique stochastique, en partant de l'exemple du modèle SimVillages (développé dans le cadre du projet Européen PRIMA). Ce modèle couple des dynamiques démographiques et économiques appliquées à une population de municipalités rurales. Chaque individu de la population, représenté explicitement dans un ménage au sein d'une commune, travaille éventuellement dans une autre, et possède sa propre trajectoire de vie. Ainsi, le modèle inclut-il des dynamiques de choix de vie, d'étude, de carrière, d'union, de naissance, de divorce, de migration et de décès. Nous avons développé, implémenté et testé les modèles et méthodes suivants : 1 / un modèle permettant de générer une population synthétique à partir de données agrégées, où chaque individu est membre d'un ménage, vit dans une commune et possède un statut au regard de l'emploi. Cette population synthétique est l'état initial du modèle. 2 / un modèle permettant de simuler une table d'origine-destination des déplacements domicile-travail à partir de données agrégées. 3 / un modèle permettant d'estimer le nombre d'emplois dans les services de proximité dans une commune donnée en fonction de son nombre d'habitants et de son voisinage en termes de service. 4 / une méthode de calibration des paramètres inconnus du modèle SimVillages de manière à satisfaire un ensemble de critères d'erreurs définis sur des sources de données hétérogènes. Cette méthode est fondée sur un nouvel algorithme d'échantillonnage séquentiel de type Approximate Bayesian Computation.
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Eklöv, Peter. "Effects of behavioural flexibility and habitat complexity on predator-prey interactions in fish communities." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Ekologi och geovetenskap, 1995. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101769.
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A-iyeh, Enoch. "Voronoi tessellation quality: applications in digital image analysis." A-iyeh E., Peters, J.F, Proximal Groupoid Patterns in Digital Images, Computing Research Repository: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2016, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32055.
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A measure of the quality of Voronoi tessellations resulting from various mesh
generators founded on feature-driven models is introduced in this work. A planar
tessellation covers an image with polygons of various shapes and sizes. Tessellations
have potential utility due to their geometry and the opportunity to derive useful
information from them for object recognition, image processing and classification.
Problem domains including images are generally feature-endowed, non-random
domains. Generators modeled otherwise may easily guarantee quality of meshes
but certainly bear no reference to features of the meshed problem domain. They
are therefore unsuitable in point pattern identification, characterization and subsequently
the study of meshed regions. We therefore found generators on features of the problem domain. This provides a basis for element quality studies and improvement based on quality criteria. The resulting polygonal meshes tessellating an n-dimensional digital image into convex regions are of varying element qualities.
Given several types of mesh generating sets, a measure of overall solution quality is
introduced to determine their effectiveness. Given a tessellation of general and mixed
shapes, this presents a challenge in quality improvement. The Centroidal Voronoi
Tessellation (CVT) technique is developed for quality improvement and guarantees
of mixed, general-shaped elements and to preserve the validity of the tessellations.
Mesh quality indicators and entropies introduced are useful for pattern studies, analysis,
recognition and assessing information. Computed features of tessellated spaces are explored for image information content assessment and cell processing to expose
detail using information theoretic methods. Tessellated spaces also furnish information
on pattern structure and organization through their quality distributions.
Mathematical and theoretical results obtained from these spaces help in understanding
Voronoi diagrams as well as for their successful applications. Voronoi diagrams
expose neighbourhood relations between pattern units. Given this realization, the
foundation of near sets is developed for further applications.February 2017
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Jewell, Stephen W. "Perceptual organization of random dot patterns: Area salient and memorable, proximity salient but forgotten." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/17692.
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I report four experiments designed to investigate the perceptual grouping processes by better understanding how a simple pattern of dots comes to be represented in the visual memory systems. Subjects were briefly shown a random set of point-like dots which were then masked, and subsequently reappeared with a possible added or deleted dot. Subjects detected deletions more accurately than additions and detected changes to the most peripheral dots more reliably than changes to interior dots, even those much closer to fixation. The most peripheral points appear to be objectized in a process that might be analogized as shrink wrapping. The circumscribed area is memorable and easily recalled despite brief presentations. The data are consistent with the view that the fastest of the perceptual processes is a global system which proceeds from the periphery inward toward fixation and that a separate slower local analytical sequence starts at fixation and works outward. I conjecture that proximity, one, if not the most salient of all features in the early perceptual processes that extract data from the sensory store and encode it in the visual memory systems, is not itself stored as part of the representation.
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Berg, Martinus Cornelis Johannes van den. "Grouping by proximity and grouping by good continuation in the perceptual organization of random dot patterns /." 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3193568.
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Grear, Daniel A. "Chronic wasting disease infection patterns in female white-tailed deer related to demographics, genetic relationships, and spatial proximity of infected deer in southern Wisconsin." 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/67102992.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2006.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-69).
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Makhasi, Mvuyo Khuselo. "Pattern recognition of social contact events from wearable proximity sensor data using principal component analysis." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/29050.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering, Johannesburg, June 2019Data from wearable proximity sensors can be used to measure and describe social contact patterns between individuals in a household. Previous work describing contact patterns, has been qualitative and relies on visual, subjective observations. Data of this kind has been collected for a short period of measurement ranging from 2-3 days. An automated, quantitative analysis of contact patterns could enable an accurate and new representation of social contact patterns. Data was collected from ten households, for 21 days in a pilot study implemented in South Africa. 20 datasets were analysed, representing contact events of 20 individuals. Principal Component Analysis was implemented to determine the similarity of contact events across the days of the experiment and to estimate the minimum number of days required to be sampled, to validly represent an individual’s contact activity. The results show that there is a great variation in contact activity across the days of the experiment, as represented by the number of clusters of similar days. The minimum number of days required was determined by the number of days that had a significant contribution to the first three principal components and this varied across individuals from 5 – 11 days. Further analysis on a larger cohort has a potential to provide better social contact parameters for complex social behavioural models and may assist in understanding transmission dynamics of respiratory pathogens, needed in public health research.
PH2020
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Preiss, Adrian K. "A theoretical and computational investigation into aspects of human visual perception : proximity and transformations in pattern detection and discrimination." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37820.
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A variety of measures are enlisted in an explanation of some longstanding perceptual phenomena associated with an assortment of visual patterns. In following the proximity principle of Gestalt psychology, these are commonly based upon a statistical treatment applied to one or another of a hierarchy of distance measures. Following from this, some problems of visual perception are tackled in terms of an active perceiving mechanism, which generates transformations in the realization of object invariance in space and over time. This generative transformational approach is also employed in an account of perception of various patterns and visual illusions. Although a range of proximity measures is involved throughout, the nearest neighbour metric is staple. For perception of unstructured visual arrays, the contribution of distance mechanisms, particularly nearest neighbours, is shown to be important. For structured arrays, the contribution of distance mechanisms along with transformations is important. Information about relative positions of image elements permits the selection of transformations that reveal structure. With respect to such information, however, the proximity principle is taken to its limits.Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Psychology, 2006.
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Uchime, Chidoteremndu Chinonyelum. "Near Sets in Set Pattern Classification." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30264.
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This research is focused on the extraction of visual set patterns in digital images, using relational properties like nearness and similarity measures, as well as descriptive properties such as texture, colour and image gradient directions. The problem considered in this thesis is application of topology in visual set pattern discovery, and consequently pattern generation. A visual set pattern is a collection of motif patterns generated from different unique points called seed motifs in the set. Each motif pattern is a descriptive neighbourhood of a seed motif. Such a neighbourhood is a set of points that are descriptively near a seed motif. A new similarity distance measure based on dot product between image feature vectors was introduced in this research, for image classification with the generated visual set patterns. An application of this approach to pattern generation can be useful in content based image retrieval and image classification.
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Hendershott, Rebecca. "Socioecology of Cat Ba Langurs (Trachypithecus poliocephalus): Implications for Conservation." Phd thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/133663.
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Cat Ba langurs (Trachypithecus poliocephalus), endemic
to Cat Ba Island (Vietnam), are a member of the limestone langur
group (francoisi species-group) found in Laos, Vietnam, and
China. With less than 75 individuals in the world, these Cat Ba
langurs are Critically Endangered. This dissertation represents
the first long-term behavioural study of the species (549 contact
hours across 11 months), and provides socioecological information
for two groups (n=17-20) living on the Cua Dong fjord, which can
be used in conservation management. Like most other colobines,
the majority of the Cat Ba langur diet is leaves (84% of their
dietary budget). This may explain their activity budget, which
is primarily inactivity (55% of their activity budget), followed
by foraging (19%) and social behaviour and locomotion (12% each).
Activity and dietary budgets vary seasonally, with animals
spending more time in social behaviours in the wet season, when
they eat more fruit, and more time in foraging in the dry season,
when leaves are ingested more, suggesting they are energy
maximisers. In addition, age differences were found, with adults
spending the most time in social behaviours and resting. Social
behaviour primarily includes grooming and playing with others -
play is more common in younger animals, while older animals tend
to groom more. Overall, they spend 58% of their days not in
proximity to any other langurs. Adult males spend the most time
alone, and seem to avoid young langurs. Disputes tend to be
between adult females, and two females only tend to come together
if there is a young langur acting as a ‘social glue’. Home
ranges varied between groups with the larger group’s range
being 50ha compared to just 22ha for the smaller group. In both
areas, rocks and sparsely covered areas are used most often,
which is due to the shrubby, discontinuous vegetation. Most of
the langurs’ observable time is spent on exposed slopes (47%),
followed by steep cliffs (38%), summits (11%), valleys (3%), and
the ground (1%); this varied seasonally, likely to balance
foraging needs with thermoregulation. The langurs used 22
sleeping sites, including ledges (61%) and caves (17%). When
newborn, Cat Ba langurs are bright orange. They start to lose
this natal coat as an infant, and become much darker during the
young juvenile stage. As individuals age, they also become more
independent and start to forage and locomote more on their own.
These reported behaviours can be used to create a baseline for
activity budgets, home range size, and habitat use, and
development and maturation that can be used for comparative
purposes in future studies. Results find that animals are
behaviourally similar to other related species and their biggest
threat is likely their small, fragmented population structure.
To combat this, I support habitat protection, patrols, and
enforcement; education and training; habitat corridors; and
limiting the human population, as these support an entire
ecosystem while teaching locals the importance of biodiversity,
reducing resource competition, and fragmentation from
infrastructure, and providing a means for the langurs themselves
to disperse.