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1
Cha, Inkyung. "Essays on the provision of public goods." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/199.
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In Chapter 2, we present a model that allows us to study the effect of
increased competition among charities for donations, and show that it will
result in a lower provision of public goods. When charities get donations,
they must pay two fundraising costs: a travel cost and an extra cost, a
"premium" in our terminology. This
premium arises from the extra time, effort, or incentives a charity must
provide to garner a contribution from a donor who is solicited by other
charities. Increased competition raises this premium, which leads to
deadweight loss, so that revenue net of fundraising costs falls after a new firm
enters into the market.
A problem with public goods markets is asymmetric information between
charities and donors, such that donors do not know which charities will cheat. In Chapter 3, we show that honest charities can get more
donations than dishonest charities by investing in a capital stock. We study
a two-period model under two assumptions, one where first-period investment
does not affect the provision of public goods in the second period, and one
where first-period investment does affect the provision of public goods in
the second period. In the first case, we prove the existence of a separating
equilibrium where honest charities make an investment and dishonest charities invest nothing. Thus, donors will donate
more to charities that make investments, even if the investment is not used
to produce public goods. In the second case, honest charities may invest the
efficient amount, overinvest, or underinvest, depending on the donors'
beliefs.
In Chapter 4, we borrow parts of the models in the
previous two chapters in order to see what effect the signaling cost has on
the number of firms and average revenue. In our model, donor utility
increases when they give to a charity that matches their ideology. We are
interested in the long-run equilibrium, so unlike in Chapter 2, we assume
there is free entry in the market. The two important results are that the
number of firms decreases and average revenue increases if the required signaling cost
increases.
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Martin, Steve. "Essays on the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36036.
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Chapter 1.---Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) compete in mission statements. Opportunities for impact vary across issues---NGOs with broader missions expect to execute higher-impact projects but provide less precision to donors as to the types of projects that will be funded. I develop the first model in which competing NGOs strategically design their mission statements. Scope of the mission is a strategic complement. Competition leads NGOs to design inefficiently narrow missions while free entry leads to a socially excessive number of NGOs in operation. With low barriers to entry NGOs' missions overlap, each addressing issues that are not the preferred issue for any of its donors, and leading to greater expected impact at the periphery of its mission.
Chapter 2.---In many settings firms rely on non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to certify pro-social attributes embodied in their products. I develop a model of competition between NGOs in the provision of labeling services. Competition between a fixed number of NGOs features a race-to-the-top in labeling standards, but entry of NGOs offering new labels pushes standards down. Competition between NGOs often results in a socially-excessive number of labels, with each label excessively stringent. Compared to a setting in which firms can credibly communicate the social attributes of their products, labels demand greater pro-social behavior than desired by firms, although with proliferation of the number of labels this discrepancy disappears. In contrast to existing models, firms may engage in excessive corporate social responsibility when they rely on NGOs as certifying intermediaries.
Chapter 3.---The intrinsic motivation of a firm's management for engaging in pro-social behavior is an important determinant of a firm's social conduct. I provide the first model in which firms run by morally-motivated managers engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) in a competitive setting. CSR induced by moral management crowds out a competitor's strategic CSR, increasing profitability and leading shareholders to strategically delegate moral managers. Firms run by moral managers can engage in a socially-excessive amount of CSR, and shareholders appoint such managers if and only if moral management is sufficiently effective at crowding out a competitor's strategic CSR.
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Bierbrauer, Felix. "Essays on public goods provision and income taxation." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/madoc/volltexte/2006/1305.
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She, Chih-Min. "Three essays on public choice and the provision of public goods." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162260.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2004.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-01, Section: A, page: 0271. Adviser: Gerhard Glomm. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 12, 2006).
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Montén, Anna. "The provision of local public goods and demographic change." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88933.
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The main contribution of this thesis is a comprehensive analysis of the influence of changes in the population structure on local communities, in particular with respect to the provision of publicly provided goods. The focus is placed on the consequences of two of the major processes of demographic change, namely aging and shrinking. The three main chapters of this contribution consider the effects at the local level from both a theoretical and an empirical perspective. The first model focuses on the influence of population aging on the provision of local publicly provided goods, when the young population may relocate. When aging advances, gerontocracies and social planners substitute publicly provided goods aimed at the mobile young for publicly provided goods for the elderly. However, due to fiscal competition, gerontocracies will provide even more of the publicly provided good for the young than the social planner. The second model considers in a two-period setting, the interaction of a shrinking population when the investments made by the previous generation are long lived. The laissez-faire and welfare maximizing outcomes are computed for two cases; first with no costs of upkeep and second for the case when costs of upkeep accrue. A comparison of the solutions shows that public provision for the first generation is inefficiently low in laissez-faire when there are no costs of upkeep. However, if costs of upkeep accrue, the laissez-faire outcome for the intergenerational publicly provided good may be too high. Chapter four contains an empirical analysis. In a two-stage analysis the efficiency of the provision of child care services in municipalities is evaluated in the German State of Saxony. First, the results of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) show substantial efficiency differences; the median municipality is up to 28% inefficient. In a second stage bootstrapped truncated regression, determinants of the inefficiency are identified. Explanatory variables such as an uncompensated mayor or a larger share of over 65-year-olds significantly increase inefficiency.
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Cestau, Dario. "Essays on the Provision and Funding of Public Goods." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/347.
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The first essay studies how political parties’ choice of public good provision and tax funding affect the risk of default to public debt investors. Past research has largely ignored the effects that political parties have on default risk of state governments. The objective of this paper is to address this policy question using data from Credit Default Swap contracts (CDS), and poll data from state gubernatorial elections. The findings of the paper suggest that state Republican governors have a significant positive effect on CDS spreads. On average, Republican governors reduce credit spreads by around six percent, more than half of CDS standard deviation during election race. Prospects of a Republican administration are good news for debtholders. The positive effect of Republican candidates is larger when: candidates signed the ``Taxpayer Protection Pledge'', Democrats control the state houses and for highly contested gubernatorial elections. The second essay studies profiling and affirmative action in the access to gifted programs, a common public good provided by school districts. For decades, colleges and universities have struggled to increase participation of minority and disadvantaged students. Urban school districts confront a parallel challenge; minority and disadvantaged students are underrepresented in selective programs that use merit-based admission. We analyze optimal school district policy and develop an econometric framework providing a unified treatment of affirmative action and profiling. Implementing the model for a central-city district, we find profiling by race and income, affirmative action for low-income students, and no affirmative action with respect race. Counterfactual analysis reveals that these policies achieve 80\% of African American enrollment that would be could be attained by race-based affirmative action. The third essay studies a new alternative mean of funding for States and local authorities called Build America Bonds (BAB). BABs were issued by municipalities for twenty months as part of the 2009 fiscal package. Unlike traditional tax-exempt municipals, BABs are taxable to the holder, but the Treasury rebates 35% of the coupon to the issuer. The stated purpose was to provide municipalities access to a more liquid market including foreign, tax-exempt, and tax-deferred investors. We find BABs do not exhibit greater liquidity than traditional municipals. BABs are more underpriced initially, particularly for interdealer trades. BABs also show a substitution from underwriter fees toward more underpricing, suggesting the underpricing is a strategic response to the tax subsidy.
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Abbasian, Ezatollah. "Taxation and the provision of private and public goods." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249073.
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Sene, Omar. "Social capital, trust and provision of local public goods." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010050.
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Le but principal de la présente thèse est d'étudier le rôle du capital social dans la capacité des communautés locales à entreprendre une action collective et à produire des biens publics locaux par eux-mêmes. Nous étendons la portée des études existantes dans les pays en développement. L'analyse est effectuée en utilisant deux approches distinctes. La première approche utilise un mélange original d'enquêtes et de données expérimentales sur la confiance de quatre villages au Sénégal pour évaluer la capacité de la confiance de prévoir la participation à la fourniture de biens publics locaux. Les résultats montrent que la confiance, tel que mesurée par les questions de l'enquête, a une faible pouvoir prédictif, alors que les résultats d'une mesure expérimentale de confiance sont bien meilleurs prédicteurs de la production de biens publics. La seconde approche consiste à enquêter sur l'impact causal de la confiance dans la qualité des biens publics produits au niveau du district en Afrique. Nous utilisons les données Afro-baromètre pour tester le rôle du capital social et les divisions ethniques dans l'accès aux soins de santé de base et à une scolarisation. Nous contournons les problèmes de la causalité inverse entre la confiance et la qualité des biens publics, et de variables omises en raison de tri ethnique endogène par l'utilisation de données historiques sur les modes de fonctionnement des groupes ethniques en Afrique sub-saharienne. Les résultats que notre mesure de confiance locale (utilisé comme indicateur de capital social) a impact causal sur la qualité de la santé et de la qualité des écoles en AfriqueThe main purpose of the present dissertation is to study the role of social capital in the capacity of local communities to undertake collective action and to produce local public goods by themselves We extend the scope of existing studies encompass in developing countries. The analysis is carried out using two distinct approaches. The first approach uses an original mixture of survey and experimental data on trust from four villages in Senegal to assess the capacity of trust to predict participation in provision of local public good. The results show that trust, as measured by survey questions, has poor predictive power, while the results from a simple experimental measure of trust are much better predictors of public-goods production. The second approach consists in investigating the causal impact of trust in the quality of public goods produced at district level in Africa. We use Afro-barometer data to test the role of social capital and ethnic divisions in determining access to basic health care and schooling. We skirt any reverse-causality problems between trust and the quality of public goods, and omitted-variable bias due to endogenous ethnic sorting, by the use of historical data on the settlement patterns of ethnic groups in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our measure of local trust (used as an indicator of social capital) is shown to have a causal impact access on quality of health and quality of schools in Africa
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Feng, Colin G. "Voluntary provision of public goods : Experimental evidence and theoretical analysis /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272296199.
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Apinunmahakul, Amornrat. "Three essays on the private provision of pure public goods." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66117.pdf.
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Grassi, Simona. "Essays on the Public Provision of Private Goods under Asymmetric Information." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503310.
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Pereira, Paulo Trigo Cortez. "Intergovernmental grants, urban congestion and the provision of local public goods." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35516.
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The basic motivation for the development of this research was to understand why we observe a degradation of local services in urban and suburban areas in Portugal. There is, I believe, an excess of demand for local services in relation to those supplied by local governments. The sprawl of illegal housing construction and the fiscal pressures associated with rapid and unplanned urbanization suggested that a "solution" to the problem should be investigated on the demand side of the problem. Famous court cases in the U.S.A. have dealt precisely with this issue. However, the enforcement of these planning rules is still a problematic issue. Zoning would be expected to be ineffective in countries like Portugal because people do not obey the Law in the same way as in Britain or the United States. Considering also that zoning raises difficult ethical issues, I realized I should start looking at the supply side of the problem. Assuming that urban growth is what it is, why do local governments not increase supply accordingly. The analysis of the particular case of Portugal clarified that part of the answer to this question relies on the centralized nature of government, where the ability of local governments to realize discretionary changes in their revenues (and therefore expenditures) is severely constrained. Therefore, this thesis can be understood as an inquiry into the implications on the quality of local services of a centralized system of government. However, most of the economic literature on local governments' decision making assumes a decentralized government and therefore the issue that naturally arises is whether this research has only a parochial scope (the Portuguese case) or a more broad range of interest. There are two main reasons to justify a broader scope for this thesis. Firstly, we might use Tullock's argument that people usually write about democracy although the majority of political regimes in the world are still autocracies. The same applies to decentralized and centralized countries if the conjecture that autocracies have usually politically centralized systems of government is accepted. Economists usually use models assuming decentralized governments (e.g. the median voter model) when most of the countries in the world are autocracies and therefore most likely centralized. Moreover, even within democratic countries there are centralized systems of government and on the other hand those which are decentralized are always subject to centralization trends. Secondly, some issues addressed in this thesis are not confined to centralized governments. This is the case of the analysis on the economies. This analysis is extremely important when considering intergovernmental grants with equalization purposes. The institutional and fiscal rigidities associated with centralized governments undermine the idea that local governments provide services according to the preferences of a representative voter within each jurisdiction (the median voter). On the other hand, it was an unexpected conclusion that there are affinities between the centralized governments' approach developed in this thesis and the approach developed by Tiebout (1956). Citizens unable to influence local decision-making through the vote will, ceteris paribus, migrate to jurisdictions where the fiscal "package" (local services and taxes) is more in line with their preferences. Alternatively, citizens who have more ability to pay may simply "exit" from public towards private provision. The analysis that follows is essentially the diagnosis of the problem.
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Sengupta, Bodhisattva. "Federalism, public good provision and corruption : three essays in political economy." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115649.
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The thesis consists of three essays. In the first essay, the role of party politics in provision of public goods within a federal economy is analyzed. The public goods, which have inter-jurisdictional spillover effect, are locally produced with federal transfers and local revenues. The federal government can not commit to the level of transfers. The direction and magnitude of federal fund flows are influenced by local revenues as well as the re-election probability of the parties in power at the federal and provincial levels. Under such a scenario, politically motivated grants alter the incentive for raising local revenues. If votes swing heavily in favor of either the incumbent or the challenger in the provincial elections and/or if the coefficients for absolute prudence from the utility of public good are low enough, then grants are designed in such a way that the incentive for increasing revenues is lower in the province where the party identity is similar with the federal government. If these conditions are not met, such incentive is higher in the politically favorite regime. This result is generalized over different combinations of ruling parties in different seats of government.In the second essay, the issue of dynamic public good provision within a federation is analyzed. Provinces lobby for more federal funds to produce a pure, dynamic public good such as an improvement in environmental quality. Allocation of federal funds is dictated by the level of lobbying. Consumers' welfare equals utility from the public good, net of lobbying cost. For symmetric provinces, the steady state lobbying level and stock of public good may be greater in the case when lobbyists are non-benevolent and captures a part of the federal grant as private rent. Second, with a rent-appropriating lobbyist, the welfare of the consumers may be higher under non-cooperative lobbying protocol. In case of asymmetric provinces, welfare may 'flow' from the less efficient province to the more efficient province, violating equalization principle within a federation.
In the third essay, the disciplinary role of elections is discussed. The incumbent politician in a province, with locally procured taxes, provides a local public good and appropriates some private rent. The incumbent's reputation decreases with the amount of rent. Voters may judge the performance of the incumbent in two ways: either his absolute performance matters or his performance is compared with that of the neighboring provinces' incumbent through yardstick competition. In a static setting, the unitary evaluation fares better than relative evaluation in restraining the politician. However, in a dynamic setting, when the stock of reputation increases through time, a relative evaluation imposes higher discipline on incumbent politician.
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Adewara, Olabisi. "Provision of public goods and health outcomes during political transition in Nigeria." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5754.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This study investigates three issues connected with governance and citizens welfare in Nigeria. One of the current debates in the political economy literature focuses on the bene ts of democracies to ordinary citizens, especially in developing countries, and particularly in sub-Saharan African countries. Most Nigerians have been questioning the bene ts of transition from military rule to democratic rule in 1999 to ordinary citizens. This concern relates to the lack of credibility of electoral processes in the country. Politicians in Nigeria have embarked on various unlawful strategies both to win and perpetuate positions of power, with no regard for the principles of free and fair elections. Non-credible elections often lead to capture of political power at both national and sub-national levels in the country by special interest groups headed by political godfathers (1). This thesis examines whether transition from an autocratic military regime to a relatively competitive democratic regime results in higher provision of public goods and a reduction in health inequality, given the prevalence of political capture due to lack of credible electoral competition in Nigeria. The thesis questions the assumption that transition from a military dictatorship to relatively competitive democratic rule will ensure an increase in the provision of public goods and a reduction in health inequality.
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Gramzow, Andreas. "Rural development as provision of local public goods : theory and evidence from Poland /." Halle (Saale) : IAMO, 2009. http://www.iamo.de/jump.php?id=2253.
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Lausen, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Status concerns, present-bias and the public provision of private goods / Tobias Lausen." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1107035813/34.
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Gallier, Carlo [Verfasser]. "Investigations on the voluntary provision of local and global public goods / Carlo Gallier." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165051222/34.
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Doyle, Maura Patricia. "The provision of public goods by government and private sectors : an empirical analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12002.
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Secomb, Julian John. "Proposed Experiment of a Voluntary Coalition Game for the Provision of Public Goods." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244794.
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A proposed approach to avoiding the tragedy of the commons involves a public goods scenario in which players may join a coalition whose members contribute to the public good only when it is in the best interest of the group as a whole. Theoretical analysis of this scenario predicts a constant coalition size, regardless of the number of players vying for the public good. Here, a laboratory experiment is proposed to examine the relationship between number of players and number of coalition members in a coalition game based on this scenario. Two hypotheses will be tested: (1) The number of coalition members is independent of the number of players. (2) The likelihood of the formulation of a contributing coalition is independent of the number of players. Possible outcomes and their interpretations are discussed. The results will have potential applications in devising strategies for increasing contributions to public goods in the real world.
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Sass, Karina Simone. "Two essays on urban sprawl and the provision of public goods by local governments." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/47501.
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Texto em inglêsOrientador : Prof. Dr. Alexandre Alves Porsse
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Econômico. Defesa : Curitiba, 26/03/2017
Inclui referências : f. 48-50
Resumo: Esta dissertação é composta por dois ensaios sobre o fenômeno urban sprawl nas cidades brasileiras. O primeiro ensaio tem como objetivo investigar o fenômeno urban sprawl em grandes e médias cidades no Brasil. A investigação emprega dois índices para medir o urban sprawl, o coeficiente de variação e o índice gravitacional. Para avaliar a relação entre desigualdade de renda e pobreza e urban sprawl, o índice gravitacional é calculado com base em dados da população geral classificada em três classes de renda. Os resultados revelam que o urban sprawl é um fenômeno comum nas maiores cidades do Brasil e afeta principalmente as pessoas com maior vulnerabilidade social. O segundo ensaio examina os efeitos do urban sprawl sobre o custo da prestação de serviços públicos nas cidades brasileiras. A análise se baseia nas cidades pertencentes a médias e altas concentrações urbanas e utiliza modelos econométricos espaciais para avaliar o gasto municipal agregado e nove itens de gastos municipais desagregados (administração, saneamento básico, cultura, gestão ambiental, habitação, polícia local, assistência social, esportes e lazer e infraestrutura urbana). Os resultados fornecem evidências de que a expansão urbana afeta positivamente o custo per capita de prestação de serviços públicos locais de cidades de alta concentração urbana. Palavras-chave: Urban sprawl. Brasil. Finanças públicas municipais.
Abstarct: This dissertation consists of two essays about the phenomenon of urban sprawl in Brazilian cities. The first essay aims to investigate the phenomenon of urban sprawl in big and medium cities in Brazil. The investigation employs two indexes to measure urban sprawl, the coefficient of variation and the gravitational index. In order to evaluate the relation between income inequality and poverty and urban sprawl, the gravitational index is calculated by using data from the overall population classified into three income classes. The results reveal that urban sprawl is a common phenomenon in the biggest cities in Brazil and it affects mainly the more disadvantaged people. The second essay examines the effects of urban sprawl on the cost of providing public services in Brazilian cities. The analysis is based on the cities belonging to medium and high urban concentrations and uses spatial econometric models do evaluate one aggregate and nine disaggregate items of local spending (administration, basic sanitation, culture, environmental management, housing, local police, social assistance, sports and leisure, and urban infrastructure). The results provide evidences that the urban sprawl positively affects the per capita cost of provision of local public services of cities from high urban concentration. Key-words: Urban sprawl. Brazil. Local public finance.
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Fellner, Gerlinde, Yoshio Iida, Sabine Kröger, and Erika Seki. "Heterogeneous productivity in voluntary public good provision - an experimental analysis." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/2775/1/wu%2Dwp133.pdf.
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This article experimentally examines voluntary contributions when group members' marginal returns to the public good vary. The experiment implements two marginal return types, low and high, and uses the information that members have about the heterogeneity to identify the applied contribution norm. We find that norms vary with
the information environment. If agents are aware of the heterogeneity, contributions increase in general. However, high types contribute more than low types when contributions can be linked to the type of the donor but contribute less otherwise. Low types, on the other hand, contribute more than high types when group members are aware of the heterogeneity but contributions cannot be linked to types. Our results underline the importance of the information structure when persons with different abilities contribute to a joint project, as in the context of teamwork or charitable giving. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Dragicevic, Arnaud. "Market Mechanisms and Valuation of Environmental Public Goods." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005650/en/.
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Rostapshova, Olga V. "Pushing a Troika of Development: Promoting Investment, Curbing Corruption, and Enhancing Public Good Provision." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10717.
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In recent decades, a new direction of development economics has emerged, led by economists on a mission to improve the quality of life for citizens of developing countries through proven, cost-effective interventions. This micro-economic focus on development hinges on identifying barriers to growth and implementing targeted programs designed to alleviate these constraints. However, identifying constraints is far easier than measuring their magnitude, and designing effective measures to quantify these barriers remains a substantial challenge. Numerous microeconomic indicators of development are famously intractable and resist simple methods of accurate measurement. This dissertation tackles measurement challenges by quantifying three major development drivers: efficient investment, effective institutions, and public good provision. Using three case studies on business development and cooperation conducted in Russia and Kenya, I develop novel ways to quantify constraints and suggest methods to alleviate them. In the first chapter, I estimate marginal rates of return to capital for small retail firms, evaluate the causes of inefficiency and examine interventions that may aid growth. Next, I examine corruption as a barrier to small business growth and assess whether policy reform is capable of decreasing corrupt activity. Finally, I investigate the causes of heterogeneity in the financing of local public goods and experimentally document the conditions that improve communities’ ability to cooperate and coordinate on efficient Nash equilibria. In sum, I propose new ways of measuring marginal rates of return to capital, corruption incidence, and cooperation in public good provision; then leverage these measures to shed light on barriers to growth and to assess the effectiveness of possible interventions to enable development and achieve more efficient resource distribution.
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Diederich, Johannes Heiko [Verfasser], and Timo [Akademischer Betreuer] Goeschl. "Determinants of the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods: Experimental Investigations / Johannes Heiko Diederich ; Betreuer: Timo Goeschl." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1177809907/34.
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Diederich, Johannes [Verfasser], and Timo [Akademischer Betreuer] Goeschl. "Determinants of the Voluntary Provision of Public Goods: Experimental Investigations / Johannes Heiko Diederich ; Betreuer: Timo Goeschl." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-158774.
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Padvetnaya, Vivek. "Does deliberative participation matter? : political economy of provision of local public health goods in rural India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ceb61ed2-9a36-4f38-9f93-07ffb787cab4.
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Access to basic water and sanitation services, the local public health goods, is a human right and a public health necessity. Provision of these services is typically devolved to Local Governments to ensure they correspond to the local needs. In rural India, such a correspondence is sub-optimal, with high local needs and poor provision by the Local Governments (Panchayats). The citizen participation in Panchayat's public deliberative meetings (Grama Sabha) is weak. The community context is characterised by social fragmentation and high socio-economic inequality. This research examined, whether and how better deliberative participation in Panchayat meetings was associated with better provision of these services by the Panchayats. The research used a three-staged systematic sampling method. Using correlational field survey design it gathered primary data from 99 panchayats in Karnataka State, and from 99 villages and 396 individuals within these Panchayats. Factor analytic and multivariate regression techniques were used to analyse the data in the statistical software, Stata® v.13. Results suggest, better Grama Sabha meetings (that were convened more frequently, attended by a higher number of people with better representativeness, where discussions approximate to the deliberative norms: reciprocal, pro-social and accountable; and decisions taken have a common good orientation) were associated with better provision of water and sanitation services by the Panchayat. Further analysis suggested two possible explanations for this association: First, the individuals who participated more frequently in deliberative meetings of the Panchayat and where discussions approximated to the deliberative norms; were associated with: • Better information on availability and accessibility to services; • Better external political efficacy, a perception of greater responsiveness of the Panchayat to their needs and their efforts to influence it; and hence engage evenly in discussions; • Better sense of community, a greater willingness to cooperate and coordinate, to find mutual needs and seek convergence when they are heterogeneous. Above findings suggest, in a participatory setting, these individuals can be associated with better capability to collectively engage; to articulate, communicate and identify the mostii common of their service needs and frame it as a collective demand, through policy objective, for provision by the Panchayats. Second, better Grama Sabha meetings were associated with better rule of law in policy administration at the Panchayat level. This suggests, rule-bound conversion of policy objectives into actual service outputs; a reflection of responsiveness and accountability of the bureaucratic action in achieving administrative commitment to the legislative goals. In conclusion, better deliberative participation can be associated with better capability of the individuals to engage in collective action. This can improve the correspondence between the needs and the provision; by strengthening individuals' collective demand for the services and by improving the responsiveness of the Panchayat in the supply of these services.
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Almirall, Catherine. "Collective action for public goods provision in low-income groups: a model and evidence from Peru." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117539.
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¿Bajo qué circunstancias aparece la acción colectiva? ¿Cuáles son los factores que le dan mayoresposibilidades de éxito? ¿En qué medida las comunidades pobres tienen capacidad para organizarsecon el objetivo de mejorar sus condiciones de vida? Estas preguntas no son nuevas y se hanhecho muchas investigaciones, pero usualmente para el mundo rural. La investigación sobre laacción colectiva en el mundo urbano parece estar más desarrollada en la ciencia política que en laeconomía. La pregunta fundamental se mantiene: ¿cómo se producen y se mantienen los bienespúblicos en comunidades urbanas pobres?Este artículo presenta un conjunto de hipótesis sobre los determinantes de la acción colectiva. La accióncolectiva en barrios urbanos pobres enfrentan tres restricciones básicas: el problema olsoniano,el problema de Maslow y el problema de la exclusión. La parte empírica del artículo utiliza datosrecolectados en barrios marginales de Lima, Perú, en seis tipos de organizaciones comunales. -- Under what circumstances does collective action arise? What contributes to the likelihood that aparticular collective initiative will succeed? To what extent are poor communities capable of organizingthemselves to improve their quality of life? These questions are not new, and economic researchershave studied a number of models in rural settings. Yet the research on collective action in urban areasseems to be more in the political sciences, and an economic model is still lacking. The fundamentalquestion remains: How are public goods produced and maintained by poor urban communities?This paper presents a set of hypotheses on collective action determinants. Collective action in poorneighborhoods faces three key barriers to success: the Olsonian free-rider problem, the Maslowianproblem, and the exclusion problem. The empirical portion of this paper uses data collected inpoor urban and peri-urban areas of Lima, Peru, in six types of community organizations.
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Whitten, Stuart Max Business Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Provision of environmental goods on private land: a case study of Australian wetlands." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Business, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38661.
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The management of natural resources located on private lands often involves a perceived conflict between the mix of private and public benefit outputs they produce. Governments have tended to respond through legislation to restrict and redirect private decisions about resource management. However, the legislative response faces a lack of information about the costs and benefits of alternative management and policy instruments. A pertinent example of this debate is the management of wetlands on private lands. The goal in this thesis is to advance the design of policy relating to the production of environmental outputs on private lands. This goal is achieved by first estimating the welfare impacts of alternative private land management strategies on the wider community. These estimates are used as inputs into the development of alternative policy instruments that are then evaluated in terms of their potential cost-effectiveness in influencing private management. Two case studies of wetland management on private land in Australia are presented ??? the Upper South East Region of South Australia, and, the Murrumbidgee River Floodplain in New South Wales. The conceptual approach described in the first part of the thesis includes a description of the resource management problem and the strengths and weaknesses of the alternative decision frameworks widely employed in Australia. Identification of the cause and nature of transaction costs in the management process is the focus in this discussion. The welfare impacts of alternative wetland management strategies are investigated through the construction of a bio-economic model for each of the case study areas. The approach integrates biophysical analysis of changing wetland management with the value society places on wetlands. Outputs from this process are used in the development of a range of policy instruments directed towards influencing wetland management. The impact of poorly quantified and uncertain transaction costs on the potential cost-effectiveness of these options is evaluated using threshold policy analysis. The empirical results show that the perception of a conflict between the private and public values generated by resource management is accurate. For example, scenarios changing wetland management in the Upper South East of South Australia on the Murrumbidgee River floodplain in New South Wales were shown to generate net benefits of $5.2m and $5.1m respectively. Hence, changing wetland management could generate increased community welfare. The potential for these findings to be translated into wetland policy is less conclusive. Policies directed towards wetland management (in part or in whole) incur a range of transaction costs and deliver differential wetland protection benefits. Ten ???best bet??? policies are identified, but more information is required to determine conclusively whether a net benefit results to the wider community when transaction costs are included.
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Koppel, Oliver. "On the determinants of cooperative public good provision." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971854475.
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Narbón, Perpiñá Isabel. "Evaluating cost efficiency in local governments' provision of public goods and services: applications to the Spanish case." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404453.
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The present thesis project considers the multidimensional evaluation of different aspects
related to the cost efficiency of local governments in Spain, using non-parametric
frontier analysis methods. In doing so, the economic crisis scenario that seriously
affected Spanish local government revenues and finances in general is taken into
account. The thesis contributes to the development of robust tools to evaluate and
promote the improvement of the efficiency of local governments. The empirical results
provide evidence for a better definition of public policies through the evaluation and
identification of the benchmark local governments in order to set potential improvements
and, therefore, minimize (cost) inefficiencies which might help to reduce public
expenditures.El presente proyecto de tesis plantea la evaluación multidimensional de distintos aspectos relacionados con la eficiencia en costes de los gobiernos locales en España, utilizando métodos de análisis frontera no paramétricos. Al hacer esto se tiene en cuenta el escenario de crisis económica vivido en España durante los últimos años y que ha tenido un gran impacto en los ingresos y finanzas locales en general. La tesis contribuye al desarrollo de herramientas robustas para evaluar y promover la mejora de la eficiencia de los gobiernos locales. Los resultados empíricos aportan evidencia para una mejor definición de políticas públicas mediante la evaluación e identificación de los gobiernos locales más eficientes como punto de referencia para establecer mejoras potenciales y, por lo tanto, poder eliminar ineficiencias (en costes) que ayuden a reducir el gasto público.
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Apolte, Thomas. "How tame will Leviathan become in institutional competition? Competition among governments in the provision of public goods." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2001. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-12272001-094533/.
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This article critically examines the hypothesis of Brennan and Buchanan that competition among governments in the provision of public goods can serve as a substitute for constitutional constraints on governments. Since Leviathan-type governments with free choice of tax instruments will be able to escape competitive pressure by shifting taxes to immobile factors, one could think of a rule of competition which prohibits taxes on immobile factors. Indeed, such a rule leads to a Nash-equilibrium where the tax burden lies on the mobile factor. However, net income of the citizens may or may not increase as a result from such a rule, depending on a number of variables presented in this article. A complete substitution of constitutional constraints by the rule of competition may, depending on the same variables, even decrease net income. Moreover, some potential for increases in net income may be forgone, since capital allocation and the supply of public goods will usually be inefficient in equilibrium. Finally, applying the rule in a real-world environment will be difficult and may even lead to further serious inefficiencies. For these reasons, such a rule will hardly ever be introduced. Hence, competition among governments cannot be viewed as a proper substitute for constitutional constraints. Whoever is afraid of Leviathan should thus not rely on competition among governments (alone).
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Zitzelsberger, Sonja [Verfasser]. "Human behavior and public goods provision : empirical evidence from the laboratory and international climate negotiations / Sonja Zitzelsberger." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121666613X/34.
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Power, John-Gabriel. "The private provision of public goods by non-profit organisations, the case of wildlife habitat conservation in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60747.pdf.
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Workman, Anna. "Success versus failure in local public goods provision : council and chiefly governance in post-war Makeni, Sierra Leone." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/702/.
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Post-war Sierra Leone faces a deep deficit in the supply of basic public goods which is detrimental to quality of life and remains a risk factor for future conflict. The government, under substantial donor influence, seeks to address this deficit through democratic decentralization. However, evidence of the link between decentralization and improved public goods provision remains weak. I approach the public goods deficit from a different angle; rather than assuming that an imported solution is needed, I consider what can be learned from existing patterns of public goods provision. At the core of this study is a comparison of ‘success versus failure’ in local public goods provision in the city of Makeni, with the aim of understanding key dynamics that lead to divergent outcomes. While I set out to focus on cases of public goods provision led by two main categories of local government actors — elected councils and chiefs — I found that it in all four cases, citizens played a substantial role. I therefore analyze the cases as instances of coproduction of public goods. I find that coproduction is an important means of maintaining a basic supply of local public goods when state capacity is weak. With this in mind, I draw on the case study evidence to develop a set of propositions about the conditions under which coproduction is more likely to succeed in contemporary Sierra Leone. These propositions are suggestive of an alternate institutional approach to addressing the public goods deficit—one that is based on the development of workarounds for key obstacles rather than institutional overhaul. However, coproduction is no ‘magic bullet’; it has troubling implications for social equality and the development of state capacity over the longer term and thus judgements about the desirability of coproductive arrangements are likely to involve complex trade-offs.
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VASQUEZ, ALEJANDRA. "Four Essays on Strategic Behavior, Empathy and Gender Differences in Voluntary Provision of Public Goods and Responsible Consumption." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/248722.
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The present work examines the topics of strategic behavior, empathy and gender differences in responsible consumption. In order to analyse such issues, we turned to the rapidly growing field of behaviour economics which represents a merger of a variety of different scientific disciplines (economics and psychology above all) and, as such, gives us a unique opportunity to study a variety of aspects (both economic and not) characterizing the behavior of human beings.
In the first chapter we present an overview of the main insights into the concept of empathy as interpreted in a range of disciplines (namely, economics, philosophy-phenomenology, neuroscience, biology, psychology and ethology). Empathy directly connects to the topic of prosocial behaviour which have been widely explored and reported in the literature. However, it is worth noting that the attention of economists on this subject is relatively recent. We can, thus, confidently predict that this topic, as well as behavioural economics in general, are going to contribute significantly over time to general economic theory.
In the second chapter we examine how do economists study the role played by empathy in simple strategic games. We analyze a series of strategic and prosocial games that allow us to test whether any correlation between empathy and participants’ behavior exists.
In the third chapter we examine how empathy works in an interactive multiperson prisoner’s dilemma game. Moreover, we analyse whether priming (that allows distinguishing between a conventional and a legal socially responsible product), has an impact on participants’ choices. We further explore the possibility that empathy acts as a sort of driver of prosocial behavior.
In the fourth chapter we extend the analysis of the repeated multipersonprisoner’s dilemma game that mimics the characteristics of the choice between a conventional and a socially responsible product, in order to explore the existence of any gender differences in the Vote with the Wallet experiment.
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Montén, Anna [Verfasser], Marcel [Akademischer Betreuer] Thum, and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Kemnitz. "The provision of local public goods and demographic change / Anna Montén. Gutachter: Marcel Thum ; Alexander Kemnitz. Betreuer: Marcel Thum." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1068443324/34.
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Dannenberg, Astrid Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] [Weimann. "On the provision of global public goods : experimental evidence on climate change mitigation issues / Astrid Dannenberg. Betreuer: Joachim Weimann." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1047203308/34.
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Costa, Francisco Junqueira Moreira da. "On the limits of cheap talk for public good provision." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/1738.
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This article studies a model where, as a consequence of private information, agents do not have incentive to invest in a desired joint project, or a public good, when they are unable to have prior discussion with their partners. As a result, the joint project is never undertaken and inefficiency is observed. Agastya, Menezes and Sengupta (2007) prove that with a prior stage of communication, with a binary message space, it is possible to have some efficiency gain since 'all ex-ante and interim efficient equilibria exhibit a simple structure'. We show that any finite message space does not provide efficiency gain on the simple structure discussed in that article. We use laboratory experiments to test these results. We find that people do contribute, even without communication, and that any kind of communication increases the probability of project implementation. We also observed that communication reduces the unproductive contribution, and that a large message space cannot provide efficiency gain relative to the binary one.
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Vanni, Francesco <1976>. "The role of collective action in the provision of agri-environmental public goods: theoretical development through case studies in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5105/1/vanni_francesco_tesi.pdf.
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The thesis aims at analysing the role of collective action as a viable alternative to the traditional forms of intervention in agriculture in order to encourage the provision of agri-environmental public goods.
Which are the main benefits of collective action, in terms of effectiveness and efficiency, compared to traditional market or public intervention policies? What are the drivers that encourage farmers to participate into collective action? To what extent it is possible to incorporate collective aspects into policies aimed at providing agri-environmental public goods?
With the objective of addressing these research questions, the thesis is articulated in two levels: a theoretical analysis on the role of collective action in the provision of public goods and a specific investigation of two local initiative,s were an approach collective management of agro-environmental resources was successfully implemented.
The first case study concerns a project named “Custodians of the Territory”, developed by the local agency in Tuscany “Comunità Montana Media Valle del Serchio”, which settled for an agreement with local farmers for a collective provision of environmental services related to the hydro-geological management of the district.
The second case study is related to the territorial agri-environmental agreement experimented in Valdaso (Marche), where local farmers have adopted integrated pest management practices collectively with the aim of reducing the environmental impact of their farming practices.
The analysis of these initiatives, carried out through participatory methods (Rapid Rural Appraisal), allowed developing a theoretical discussion on the role of innovative tools (such as co-production and co-management) in the provision of agri-environmental public goods. The case studies also provided some recommendations on the government intervention and policies needed to promote successful collective action for the provision of agri-environmental public goods.La tesi si pone l’obiettivo di valutare il ruolo delle azioni collettive come una valida alternativa alle classiche forme di intervento in agricoltura, in particolare quelle volte ad incentivare la fornitura di beni pubblici ambientali. Quali sono i vantaggi delle azioni collettive, in termini di efficacia ed efficienza, rispetto alle classiche misure pubbliche o agli incentivi di mercato? Quali sono i drivers che spingono gli agricoltori a partecipare a progetti collettivi legati ai beni pubblici agro-ambientali? Attraverso quali strumenti di policy e quali assetti istituzionali è possibile favorire lo sviluppo di azioni collettive? Con l’obiettivo di rispondere a queste domande di ricerca, la tesi si articola su due livelli: un’analisi teorica sul ruolo delle azioni collettive nella fornitura dei beni pubblici e un’indagine specifica di due iniziative locali, dove si è sperimentato un approccio collettivo alla gestione delle risorse agro-ambientali. Il primo caso di studio riguarda il progetto denominato “Custodia del territorio”, sviluppato dall’ente gestore del comprensorio di Bonifica Media Valle del Serchio (Toscana), che prevede un accordo tra questo ente pubblico e gli agricoltori locali per la gestione idro-geologica del territorio in cui operano. Il secondo caso riguarda l’accordo agroambientale della Valdaso (Marche), dove gli agricoltori locali hanno adottato collettivamente pratiche di lotta integrata avanzata con l’obiettivo di ridurre l’impatto delle loro pratiche agricole sull’ambiente. L’analisi di queste iniziative, svolta attraverso metodologie partecipative (Rapid Rural Appraisal), ha permesso di sviluppate una riflessione teorica sul ruolo di strumenti innovativi (come co-produzione e co-gestione) alla gestione delle risorse agro-ambientali e di fornire raccomandazioni sul design e l’implementazione di politiche che possano favorire azioni collettive associate ai beni pubblici agro-ambientali.
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Vanni, Francesco <1976>. "The role of collective action in the provision of agri-environmental public goods: theoretical development through case studies in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5105/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis aims at analysing the role of collective action as a viable alternative to the traditional forms of intervention in agriculture in order to encourage the provision of agri-environmental public goods.
Which are the main benefits of collective action, in terms of effectiveness and efficiency, compared to traditional market or public intervention policies? What are the drivers that encourage farmers to participate into collective action? To what extent it is possible to incorporate collective aspects into policies aimed at providing agri-environmental public goods?
With the objective of addressing these research questions, the thesis is articulated in two levels: a theoretical analysis on the role of collective action in the provision of public goods and a specific investigation of two local initiative,s were an approach collective management of agro-environmental resources was successfully implemented.
The first case study concerns a project named “Custodians of the Territory”, developed by the local agency in Tuscany “Comunità Montana Media Valle del Serchio”, which settled for an agreement with local farmers for a collective provision of environmental services related to the hydro-geological management of the district.
The second case study is related to the territorial agri-environmental agreement experimented in Valdaso (Marche), where local farmers have adopted integrated pest management practices collectively with the aim of reducing the environmental impact of their farming practices.
The analysis of these initiatives, carried out through participatory methods (Rapid Rural Appraisal), allowed developing a theoretical discussion on the role of innovative tools (such as co-production and co-management) in the provision of agri-environmental public goods. The case studies also provided some recommendations on the government intervention and policies needed to promote successful collective action for the provision of agri-environmental public goods.La tesi si pone l’obiettivo di valutare il ruolo delle azioni collettive come una valida alternativa alle classiche forme di intervento in agricoltura, in particolare quelle volte ad incentivare la fornitura di beni pubblici ambientali. Quali sono i vantaggi delle azioni collettive, in termini di efficacia ed efficienza, rispetto alle classiche misure pubbliche o agli incentivi di mercato? Quali sono i drivers che spingono gli agricoltori a partecipare a progetti collettivi legati ai beni pubblici agro-ambientali? Attraverso quali strumenti di policy e quali assetti istituzionali è possibile favorire lo sviluppo di azioni collettive? Con l’obiettivo di rispondere a queste domande di ricerca, la tesi si articola su due livelli: un’analisi teorica sul ruolo delle azioni collettive nella fornitura dei beni pubblici e un’indagine specifica di due iniziative locali, dove si è sperimentato un approccio collettivo alla gestione delle risorse agro-ambientali. Il primo caso di studio riguarda il progetto denominato “Custodia del territorio”, sviluppato dall’ente gestore del comprensorio di Bonifica Media Valle del Serchio (Toscana), che prevede un accordo tra questo ente pubblico e gli agricoltori locali per la gestione idro-geologica del territorio in cui operano. Il secondo caso riguarda l’accordo agroambientale della Valdaso (Marche), dove gli agricoltori locali hanno adottato collettivamente pratiche di lotta integrata avanzata con l’obiettivo di ridurre l’impatto delle loro pratiche agricole sull’ambiente. L’analisi di queste iniziative, svolta attraverso metodologie partecipative (Rapid Rural Appraisal), ha permesso di sviluppate una riflessione teorica sul ruolo di strumenti innovativi (come co-produzione e co-gestione) alla gestione delle risorse agro-ambientali e di fornire raccomandazioni sul design e l’implementazione di politiche che possano favorire azioni collettive associate ai beni pubblici agro-ambientali.
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D'ADDA, GIOVANNA. "Fostering collective action: three artefactual experiments on local public good provision." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4054258.
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Ba, Yaye M. "Democratic Deepening and the Provision of Public Goods: A Study on Decentralization and Agricultural Development in 30 Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/44.
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Slow agrarian development has often been blamed on the absence of civil society mobilization. This paper quantitatively analyzes the effect of political and fiscal decentralization on agricultural development in 30 democratizing African States. Hence two hypotheses are tested: H1) New democracies that combine elected sub-national governments with fiscal decentralization will be more likely to spend more in agriculture. H2) In such system we should observe better agricultural outputs, other things equal. Results reveal that counter-intuitively simultaneous democratic and fiscal decentralization have a negative impact on public investment in agriculture. On the other hand, as expected fiscal decentralization does not have any significant impact in the absence of democratic decentralization. Most importantly democratic decentralization is found to have a highly positive impact on the provision of agricultural related public goods when fiscal decentralization is low. The test also reveals that fiscal and political decentralization positively influence agricultural production.
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Orzen, Henrik. "Strategic behavior in competitive environments : experiments on markets and public good provision mechanisms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397586.
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Papadia, Andrea. "Government action under constraints : fiscal development, fiscal policy and public goods provision during the Great Depression and in 19th and early 20th century Brazil." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3683/.
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This dissertation is composed by three papers whose unifying themes are the origin and impact of fiscal institutions. The main contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it highlights the usefulness of the concept of fiscal capacity for the macroeconomics and international finance literatures by demonstrating its impact on sovereign default and fiscal dynamics during the Great Depression. Limits to the ability to tax have clear implications for macro-financial research, but are neglected by much of the literature. Second, my work contributes to the fiscal and state capacity literature by focusing on municipal level fiscal institutions in Brazil. Although research in this field is burgeoning, our understanding of the origin and impact of fiscal institutions in many parts of the world, including Latin America, is still very limited, particularly at the sub-national level. In terms of structure, the dissertation is a backwards journey from the impact of fiscal institutions to their origin. The first paper studies one of the ultimate outcomes of fiscal dynamics – sovereign default – by analyzing the debt crisis of the 1930s. The second paper takes the collapse in public revenues during the Great Depression as a starting point and demonstrates that fiscal institutions were a fundamental factor in the dynamics of fiscal aggregates. By shifting the focus to a single country and a different time period – the second half of the 19th and the early 20th centuries – the third paper demonstrates that slavery was deeply detrimental to the development of local governments’ ability to tax and provide fundamental growth and welfare-enhancing public goods in Brazil.
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Reischmann, Andreas [Verfasser], and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Oechssler. "Essays on the Conditional Contribution Mechanism for Public Good Provision / Andreas Reischmann ; Betreuer: Jörg Oechssler." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1180499956/34.
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Bordignon, Massimo. "An investigation in the theory of voluntary provision of public goods and income tax evasion under the hypothesis of ethical behaviour on the part of economic agents." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1989. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3951/.
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In this work we discuss a number of issues in the theory of voluntary provision of public goods and income tax evasion under the assumption that individuals are ruled by a notion of Kantian morality. Our justification for imposing such an assumption is that models incorporating the traditional assumption of rational egoism are unable to explain the many real world examples of successful private provision of public goods, of which compliance to tax rules can be taken as an example. In the first part of this work, after having reviewed the literature on private provision of public goods and justified our alternative approach, we introduce and formalize the notion of Kantian behaviour. We investigate efficiency of private provision of public goods under Kantian behaviour and we also compare Kantian provision with alternative models of public goods supply. Precise conditions on the structure of individual preferences which would ensure efficiency of private provision of a public good under Kantian, behaviour are derived. It is also shown that while Kantian supply of a public good is in general, still characterized by, underprovision it tends to be more efficient than public good provision under a democratic system as represented by the Median voter. theorem. Finally, using the notion of Lindahl equilibrium, a different way of assessing under/over provision of a public good under Kantian behaviour is derived. In the second part of this work, building upon the analysis on Kantian behaviour developed in the previous sections, we address the phenomenon of income tax evasion as an example of voluntary (non) provision of a public good. We present a model where the amount of tax that a taxpayer wishes to evade is determined on the basis of his perception of the fairness of his fiscal treatment, with respect to both governmental supply of public goods and the perceived behaviour of the other taxpayers. The coercive powers of the state, as well as the taxpayer's attitude toward risk, determine only the extent, to which this desired level of tax evasion is reached in practice. It is shown that this approach is able to produce implications for the relationship between the characteristics of public expenditure, the tax rates and tax evasion which are more consistent with both intuition, and empirical evidence than the results of the conventional model of income tax evasion. Furthermore, it also allows one to address other important questions such as the effect of government X-inefficiency on tax evasion.
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Schumacher, Jan. "Essays on redistribution : some contributions to ongoing debates /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/99584724X/04.
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Neitzel, Jakob [Verfasser], and Anke [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerber. "Essays on Public Good Provision : Fair Contribution Rules and Institution Formation / Jakob Neitzel. Betreuer: Anke Gerber." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105985967X/34.
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Contreras, Medrano Evelyn Edith. "Cursed by local institutions? An analysis of the role of institutions in the effects of natural resource abundance on the provision of public goods: evidence from peruvian municipalities." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18075.
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After decades of research, there is still no consensus in the literature regarding the effects of natural resource abundance on the economic and political performance of a territory. This research aims to contribute to this discussion, by analyzing the role of institutions on explaining the relationship between natural resource-based revenues and the provision of public goods at the local level. In order to do so, I test the mechanisms previously proposed in the literature for explaining the natural resource curse effect at the national level (mediation and moderation effects of institutional quality), using cross-sectional data of Peruvian municipalities located in the Andean highlands, for the 2011-2014 period. The identification strategy proposed uses as source of exogenous variation for revenues, the location of natural resources and its value among the territory, and a set of rules established by law for the redistribution of natural resource-based revenues to the local governments. In order to deal with the endogeneity of institutional quality, I include 2SLS estimations, using the presence of 'Peasant Communities' (Comunidades Campesinas) as an instrumental variable. The results show some evidence of a positive effect of natural resource-based revenues on the provision of local public infrastructure (water, public lightning and rural roads), a null effect on education results, and a negative effect on health campaigns. However, regarding the role of institutional quality on explaining these effects, I find no significant effects for all of the outcomes and samples analyzed.
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Boero, Riccardo. "The social mechanism of public good provision : analytically researching social dilemmas with empirically founded agent based models." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843499/.
Full textAbstract:
This work puts into close relationship the approach of Analytical Sociology, characterised by a search for explanatory social mechanisms, and the tools of Complexity Science, particularly useful for studying social systems characterised by non-linearity and out of equilibrium dynamics. It starts by presenting arguments for analytical social research, touching on epistemological, theoretical and methodological issues. After having introduced and debated the analytical approach to social theory, it describes a kind of bounded rationality that seems to be consistent with both the methodological individualism implied by the approach and the need for final explanations of social phenomena. The focus then passes onto the choice of an appropriate tool for the analysis of social systems: Agent Based Simulations. In the second half of the work this framework is applied to a social dilemma, voluntary public good provision. The critical point about the provision of public good is connected to the general social dilemma of cooperation: individuals would improve their wealth by making a full contribution to the public good in the case of cooperation with others, but free riding can be widespread and have a strong impact on the system dynamics. Thus the work, having introduced some not very common tools, concentrates on attempts to analyse and simulate the behaviour of subjects in economic experiments about the voluntary provision of public goods, pointing out that the mechanism in such dilemma is mainly the result of conditional cooperation. A case study of a rural community in Italy helps to validate the results and to direct attention to some other key issues, such as the structure of the interactions between the community members. The work ends by presenting a mechanism-based theory of voluntary public good provision that helps in understanding the boundaries of validity of social explanation and in extending it.