Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Provincial-level'
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1
Zhang, Xin S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "China's energy intensity and its determinants at the provincial level." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53088.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78).
Energy intensity is defined as the amount of energy consumed per dollar of GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The People's Republic of China's (China's) energy intensity has been declining significantly since the late 1970s. The first part of this thesis is a direct descriptive statistical analysis at both the national level and provincial level. Regional variation in terms of energy production and consumption is pronounced especially between the inland provinces and coastal provinces. The role of railway transportation in moving coal from the inland regions to the coastal regions is studied. I find that the capacity limit of railways has indirectly affected the decline of China's energy intensity. The second part adopts methodology similar to that used by Sue Wing (2008), as well as Metcalf (2008) paper. I have created two indexes to decompose changes in energy intensity into intra-province (efficiency) and inter-province (structural) effects. Efficiency change refers to the energy-intensity reduction within a particular province due to factors such as fuel prices, temperature, economic sector shift, infrastructure investment, etc. The structural change refers to the change of energy intensity due to the growth of the share of provincial output in total GDP, such as when less energy-intensive provinces increase their share of output in total GDP. I find that the efficiency change has outperformed the structural change over the sample period of 1988-2006. The third part identifies and tests the potential factors that may positively or negatively contribute to the reduction of energy intensity within each province.
(cont.) As stated above, I collected a panel dataset of 29 provinces from 1988 to 2006 (= 551 observations) for analysis. I present results from the fixed-effect regression model of the energy intensity on economic- and temperature-related variables, namely, fuel prices, per capita income, heating degree days, cooling degree days, time trend, capital-labor ratio, and investment-capital ratio. The provincial analysis shows that the increases in per capita income, time trend and capital-labor ratio have played an important role in the decline of China's energy intensity. I further separated the 29 provinces into three major economic regions and conducted the same analysis. I found that regional-specific characteristics and regional variance in response to the energy use have been magnified.
by Xin Zhang.
M.C.P.
S.M.
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Hooper, Christopher C. "Bronchial responsiveness profile of provincial level speed skaters throughout a competitive season." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ49620.pdf.
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Xu, QIAOQIAO. "Approaches toward a low carbon future for China: Scenario analysis about the provincial level plans." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-210684.
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As the global warming brings more and more disasters, controlling greenhouse gas emission is one of the main global crucial issues nowadays. As one of the main emitters in the world, China faces more and more international pressure to reduce the emission, so it is urgent to make the transition to a low carbon economy.At the same time, China has been going through the fast urbanization process as shown in the “Northam Curve”, and the current urbanization mode requires the demand of the carbon-intensive consumption, and could lead to the massive carbon emission as well. However, it is contradictory to the long-time sustainable development in China. So, under the current condition, the reduction plan needs to be fit in the Chinese demand, so it is very crucial, and requires innovation and creation to analyze the reduction factor and find the balance point between the urbanization and low carbon development mode. Regarding to the different urbanization rate and economic development modes characters between the East, Central, West part of China, this thesis uses inductive and deductive method to study. Firstly, it chooses one province from each region to investigate. Then it integrated urbanization factor into Kaya equation to study different factors impacts on the carbon dioxide emission in the three sample provinces. It also selected the co-integration econometrics method to study the equilibrium relationship between the carbon dioxide emission and other main factors. Through analyzing the current reduction plan, it explains and forecasts the possible emission in 2015. The result suggests that the anticipated carbon dioxide emission might be able to achieve under the transition to a low carbon economy mode. Different regions should have their own feasible plans through controlling the urbanization rate, slowing the economic development rate and through reducing the energy intensity, improving the energy structure.
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Li, Jian. "Regional innovation, inward FDI and industrial structure : a provincial and firm level study of China." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8548.
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Inward foreign direct investment (FDI) is believed to be a carrier of advanced knowledge to host countries, but how regional factors might impact FDI spillover effects is still uncertain. Meanwhile, regional industrial structure, i.e. specialization and diversity, has been frequently discussed in the literature, but there is no consensus about which type of industrial structure can promote regional innovation. In this thesis, the above two streams of literature are integrated and a theoretical model is proposed in which regional FDI and industrial structure are hypothesized to have direct and interactive effects on regional innovativeness. Provincial- and firm-level panel datasets (2000-2010) were compiled for empirical analyses. The results indicate that a foreign presence is beneficial for both regional and firm innovation capability while these associations are contingent on the level of industrial structure, namely the degree of specialization and diversity. A greater level of regional specialization is less likely to facilitate regional innovators to gain positive spillovers from FDI while an increase in diversity is more likely to reinforce the positive effects of foreign presence on regional innovativeness. As China has become the biggest FDI recipient country in the world in recent years and the Chinese industrial structure has been changing rapidly during the last few decades, an empirical study in the Chinese context would be ideal to examine the debate on the roles of industrial structure and FDI in promoting regional innovativeness. Overall, this research aims to advance the understanding about the moderating role of regional industrial structure in affecting the spillover effect of FDI on regional and firm innovation. The findings not only provide empirical evidence for the specialization versus diversity debate, but also highlight the essential role of contextual factors in facilitating regional innovativeness.
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Lekalaka, Baitse Alfred. "Public servants' level of satisfaction with EAP clinical services in the North West Provincial Government." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65568.
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Employee Assistance programmes in the North West Provincial Government started on the 1' 1 August 2001 in the office of the Premier. The programme was headed by Dtrector Rangaka and was centralised, but serving all provincial departments In the provlnctal offices and districts. Its role was to provide EAP clinical services to public servants with the view of promottng employee effectiveness. It was meant to render psychological Interventions in a form of reactive services whtch tncluded counselling and trauma support, as well as life skills or empowerment workshops. The overall atm of the EAP in every organtsatton Is to promote overall organtsattonal wellness and employees wellness. Thts study focused on the pub!tc servants' level of satisfaction with EAP cltntcal services tn the North West Provincial Government for the 2013/2014 financial year. The aim of this study was to evaluate publtc servants' level of satisfaction wtth EAP cllntcal services In the North West Provincial Government. In order to achieve this goal, quantitative research was adopted through the use of a questionnaire to determine the level of satisfaction among public servants with the EAP clinical services A questtonnaire was designed as a data collection Instrument. whtch was divided into the broad categories of biographtcal informatton, EAP clintcal services and general tnfonmatton to assess the level of sausfactton wtth EAP clintcal servtces and tt was dtstnbuted to EAP practtltoners tn parttctpaltng departments to dtstnbute to the servtce users Servtces users completed the questionnaire and consent forms and deposited them into the boxes that were placed at the EAP offices. Quantitative data was collected from employees (n=43) through the combination of stratified random sampling and random samplinand the assistance of EAP professionals at various North West Provincial departments.Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Social Work and Criminology
MSW
Unrestricted
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Grant, Patrick J. "All Politics is Local: Examining Afghanistan's Central Government's Role in State-Building at the Provincial Level." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1333061472.
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Dai, Weiyi, and Jiayi Jin. "The Impact of Population Aging o nReal-estate Price : An empirical application at the provincial level in China." Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53133.
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Many previous studies have shown that the aging population correlates with housing prices. Studies in Japan, Korea and Scotland have shown different results. The results that disagree with each other may be due to the differences of each sample. The differences include cultural diversity, population size and wealth gaps. To find more about the correlations of housing prices with population aging. This study picks China as an example, gathers data on China between the years 2004 to tear 2019, then applies economic methods such as OLG to figure out the correlations between these two factors. China has a large data size and cultural diversity, which will be a good example to test the hypothesis in this study. By data analysis, the study shows a result of significantly less than 1% which indicates the aging population and house prices do have positive correlations. In other words, the aging of a country does increase the house price. These results are based on fixed effects tests.
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Zhou, Kaiyi. "Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and provincial level expressway programme planning : an application framework and indicator system for China." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/4399.
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The thesis addresses the challenge of applying strategic environmental assessment (SEA) to provincial level expressway infrastructure planning in China. It first describes the evaluation process of EA (environmental impact assessment (EIA)) and SEA, then the current Chinese SEA application mechanism which was established by the Chinese EIA Law (2003) and subsequent laws and regulations. A comparative analysis is undertaken between the Chinese SEA system, the UK system and the Canadian SEA application systems. To clearly understand how SEA is applied in the road transport infrastructure development field, two SEA cases and one EIA case, and a questionnaire study, were carried out to obtain evidences of the actual situation of SEA application in this area. Conclusions were made to clearly describe those deficiencies existing in the current administration system, legal system and application framework and actual practices of SEA application in China. In the light of improving the quality of SEA application in provincial level expressway infrastructure development programme in China, an SEA application framework and indicator system which address these drawing on advanced experiences and principles of good SEA application from European countries, is proposed and tested through evaluation by experts. The thesis also makes recommendations for implementing the proposed SEA application framework and indicator system for expressway programming.
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Musvaire, Rufaro. "Spatial analysis of stunting and its associations with key child health and nutrition determinants at provincial level in Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8032.
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Magister Public Health - MPHChildhood stunting is an issue of global public health concern, and its irreversible effects can have far-reaching consequences, well into adulthood. Despite various interventions and efforts, stunting in Zimbabwe remains high. Few studies have looked at the factors associated with stunting, by province, in Zimbabwe. The aim of the study was to contribute to the scientific evidence on this topic. This was done by describing stunting and its associations with maternal and child health, nutrition and sociodemographic determinants at provincial level. The second level was to map, visualise and describe stunting in relation to physical geography by province in Zimbabwe.
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Stenström, Cheryl Lynn. "Factors influencing funding decisions by elected politicians at the state/provincial level : a case study of public libraries in Canada." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/59510/1/Cheryl_Stenstrom_Thesis.pdf.
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The purpose of this study was to determine factors (internal and external) that influenced Canadian provincial (state) politicians when making funding decisions about public libraries. Using the case study methodology, Canadian provincial/state level funding for public libraries in the 2009-10 fiscal year was examined. After reviewing funding levels across the country, three jurisdictions were chosen for the case: British Columbia's budget revealed dramatically decreased funding, Alberta's budget showed dramatically increased funding, and Ontario's budget was unchanged from the previous year. The primary source of data for the case was a series of semi-structured interviews with elected officials and senior bureaucrats from the three jurisdictions. An examination of primary and secondary documents was also undertaken to help set the political and economic context as well as to provide triangulation for the case interviews. The data were analysed to determine whether Cialdini's theory of influence (2001) and specifically any of the six tactics of influence (i.e, commitment and consistency, authority, liking, social proof, scarcity and reciprocity) were instrumental in these budget processes. Findings show the principles of "authority", "consistency and commitment" and "liking" were relevant, and that "liking" were especially important to these decisions. When these decision makers were considering funding for public libraries, they most often used three distinct lenses: the consistency lens (what are my values? what would my party do?), the authority lens (is someone with hierarchical power telling me to do this? are the requests legitimate?), and most importantly, the liking lens (how much do I like and know about the requester?). These findings are consistent with Cialdini's theory, which suggests the quality of some relationships is one of six factors that can most influence a decision maker.
The small number of prior research studies exploring the reasons for increases or decreases in public library funding allocation decisions have given little insight into the factors that motivate those politicians involved in the process and the variables that contribute to these decisions. No prior studies have examined the construct of influence in decision making about funding for Canadian public libraries at any level of government. Additionally, no prior studies have examined the construct of influence in decision making within the context of Canadian provincial politics.
While many public libraries are facing difficult decisions in the face of uncertain funding futures, the ability of the sector to obtain favourable responses to requests for increases may require a less simplistic approach than previously thought. The ability to create meaningful connections with individuals in many communities and across all levels of government should be emphasised as a key factor in influencing funding decisions.
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Daudzai, Haqmal Verfasser], Frank [Gutachter] [Ettrich, and Christian [Gutachter] Wagner. "Post-Taliban State-Building in Afghanistan : The State Governmental Design at the National Level and the Role of Democratic Provincial Councils in Decentrali-zation at the Sub-National Level / Haqmal Daudzai ; Gutachter: Frank Ettrich, Christian Wagner." Erfurt : Universität Erfurt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216111804/34.
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Chang, Jen-Yu, and 張禎祐. "The Pattern of the Spatial Distribution in Township-village Enterprises─Regional and Provincial Level Analysis." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18907262845797524670.
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Jugwanth, Usha. "Rationale for the participation of low level employees in industrial action in a public sector provincial department." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1247.
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It has been observed within the provincial department under study, that officials occupying levels 1-4 constituted approximately 70% of the population that participated in the National Public Service Strike of 2007. Higher level employees piggy-back on the efforts of low level employees, since they do not participate in industrial action, do not have any deductions made from their salaries due to the implementation of the 'no work no pay' rule, but derive benefits from the collective efforts of industrial action. This study explored the rationale for the participation of low level employees in industrial action in a Public Sector Provincial Department. The objectives of the study was to establish the psychological motivation for low level employees engaging in collective action and the types of behaviour low level employees engage in when participating in industrial action. In this study, the population constituted all level 1-4 employees that participated in the Public Service Strike of 2007. The sample included 80 subjects that were selected, using the probability simple random sampling design, from the population. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Frequency distributions, percentages, chisquare distributions and graphs were used to analyse the data. Very strong response rates were received for subjects indicating that they did not participate in strike/protest action because they thought that they can have a holiday or that the supervisor will not be at work. Very strong response rates were also recorded for subjects indicating that they did not force/influence other people to participate in strike/protest action when they themselves participated in strike/protest action. Strong response rates were received for subjects indicating that they did not participate in strike/protest action because other employees of similar level as them participated in strike/protest action, they were not absent on the day of a strike/protest action because of the pressure from union officials or that they were forced by union officials not to attend work, that when they participated in strike/protest action they were notified by the union about the strike, that when they participated in strike/protest action they participated in union marches/rallies, that they participated in strike/protest action because their grievances were not attended to and that they participated in strike/protest action because they believed that they could control events by their own behaviour. Moderate response rates were recorded for subjects indicating that they participated in strike/protest because they felt that they were worse off than other employees who earn more and have greater benefits than they have, that they participated in strike/protest because they were frustrated and dissatisfied in the work place and that they participated in strike/protest action because they believed that such behaviour could impact on political processes. This study has provided greater insight into the rationale for the participation of low level employees in industrial action despite the monetary losses they suffer due to the implementation of the 'no work no pay' rule.Thesis (M.Admin.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2008.
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Young, James. "Catching up? : an exploration of convergence in income and human capital at the sub-provincial level in Canada." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21538.
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Huang, Kuo-Chun, and 黃國鈞. "Formal politics VS. Informal Politics:The Impact of Institutional and Factional Factors on Chinese Personnel Appointment at Provincial Level." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03890130098407830796.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
96
Abstract Since early 1980''s, the Chinese government started the economic reform by decentralizing its administrative decision power. As a result, the provincial government became the main promoter to develop local economy, and it caused rampant localism simultaneously. In such background, this article takes a structural perspective, the transition of totalitarian regime, and tries to clarify how the central, including the party and state, utilized the totalitarian legacy, personnel appointment power (nomenklatura system) and its institutional innovation, to curb localism in the transitional progress. This article assumes that institutional and factional factors are the two main independent variables to explain how the central utilized the personnel power to respond to localism. Specifically, We observe provincial cadre management institutions and the ‘‘Shanghai Gang’’ faction as research objects for clarifying the central’s institutional innovation to control localism and the role of faction in this process. Our research argues that the manipulation of personnel appointment power by the central has demonstrated a complicated picture. First of all, the central-local relation tends to reach a dynamic equilibrium. The central’s control of localism has been reflected by the development of provincial cadre management institutions, however the central’s compromise to localism, such as the provincial governor’s localization and regular promotion of provincial leaders, has also been shown by empirical evidences. Secondly, the case study of the ‘‘Shanghai Gang’’ faction indicates that the central’s institutionalized control and promotion has resulted an obvious limit to factions on the one hand, but on the other hand, the central faction’s leader had also promoted his clients through this process as an unintended consequence. However, the whole picture shows that ‘‘faction alternation’’ seems to exist in Chinese elite politics, and it brought a relative peaceful power rotation between factions.
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Chang, Yi–Kuo, and 張疑古. "The Analysis on the Performance Appraisal by Provincial Level Government of China--The case study in Fujian Province." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43857569863514114136.
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碩士淡江大學
中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班
98
With the emergence of new public administration and government reform movement in western developed countries, performance management and assessment, as a management method of assessing and improving government performance, have been widely applied in public administration. The implementation of government performance management and assessment by China in 1990s has proved to be successful over the past few years. The current performance management of local governments in China, however, is mostly centered on ex post evaluation and control, and obviously different from the government’s mission and strategies, resulting in the difficulty in effective implementation of strategies. Balanced scorecard, as the tool of performance management and implementation of strategies, connects the mission and strategies through establishment of interrelated performance indicators, leading to the close tie between performance management system and mission and strategies. The introduction of balanced scorecard to the performance management in local governments will effectively resolve the issue how to connect performance management and strategies. Scientific development and harmonious society provide a good opportunity of the application of balanced scorecard in local governments. This study revolves around the analysis and research of the application of performance management in local governments. There are five sections. The first section is to explain the research objective and meaning, and to describe the domestic and foreign background, as well as related concepts. The second section is, on the basis of existing issues of performance management in local governments, to analyze the feasibility of the application of balanced scorecard to performance management from applicability of balanced scorecard, the experiences of foreign and domestic public departments, as well as the favorable conditions owned by local governments. The third section is to redesign the mechanism of balanced scorecard consistent with the characteristics of local governments, in conjunction with the situation of local governments and the reference of the implementation of balanced scorecard in other countries. The fourth section is to exemplify the application of balanced scorecard in Fuzhou City government, in order to elaborate the steps of applying balanced scorecard to performance management in local governments. The fifth section is to suggest that local governments should establish their ideas, strengthen system and raise the information management, in order to provide better conditions for the application of balanced scorecard which can improve government performance. This study suggests it is feasible to introduce balanced scorecard to performance management in local governments. Nonetheless, balanced scorecard is not directly used as an assessing tool. Its core concepts of strategic direction and causality should be applied. The application of balanced scorecard to performance management needs to combine practical adjustment and perfection, which increases the complexity and difficulty in the introduction of balanced scorecard. Meanwhile, this study suggests that the effective application of balanced scorecard to performance management in local governments have to include the support and security of ideas, systems and techniques.
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LIU, Yang. "CHINA’S INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND TRADE." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/251179.
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ARTICOLO 1, DISUGUAGLIANZA DI REDDITO DELLA CINA
Il PIL pro capite della Cina era di 228,7 dollari nel 1978. Dopo la riforma economica cinese del 1978, l' economia cinese ha continuato a crescere in modo esponenziale. Entro il 2015, il PIL pro capite della Cina è salito a 8068,0 dollari. Nel frattempo, la disuguaglianza di reddito della Cina è cresciuta rapidamente. Il Coefficiente Gini della Cina era di circa 0,30 nel 1978, e dal 2000 è stato superiore a 0,40 la linea internazionale di allerta, e ha raggiunto il picco di 0,49 nel 2009. Negli ultimi anni, è in calo e nel 2015 è sceso allo 0,46. Dimostra che la disuguaglianza della Cina era ai margini di una scogliera. Questa ricerca ha esaminato la disuguaglianza di reddito della Cina dal 1978. Poi ha analizzato la disuguaglianza di reddito della Cina a diversi livelli (Nazionale, urbano-rurale e regionale) dalla metodologia di revisione letteratura. Sulla base degli studi precedenti, questo articolo conclude che la disuguaglianza della Cina è fatta da una serie di politiche che derivano dalla strategia di sviluppo e processo inevitabile durante il periodo di transizione dall' economia di comando all' economia di mercato socialista. Alla fine, questo articolo ha discusso la disuguaglianza di reddito diminuirebbe in futuro considerando le teorie economiche e la strategia della Cina.
PAROLE CHIAVE: CINA, DISUGUAGLIANZA DI REDDITO
ARTICOLO 2, DISUGUAGLIANZA DI REDDITO E IMPORTAZIONE-ESPORTAZIONE DELLA CINA
Dopo la riforma economica 1978, l' economia della Cina ha continuato a crescere in modo esponenziale. Nel frattempo, la disuguaglianza di reddito della Cina è cresciuta rapidamente. Il Coefficiente Gini della Cina era di circa 0,30 nel 1978, e dal 2000 è stato superiore a 0,40 la linea internazionale di allerta, e ha raggiunto il picco di 0,49 nel 2009. Negli ultimi anni, è in calo e nel 2015 è sceso allo 0,46. Mostra una curva di forma a U invertita. Inoltre, l' importazione e l' esportazione della Cina sono aumentate notevolmente e vanno forma J. Considerando l' ipotesi di Kuznets, sembra che ci sia un rapporto tra il Coefficiente Gini della Cina e i valori di importazione ed esportazione. Questo articolo ha analizzato l' impatto della disuguaglianza di reddito sull' importazione ed esportazione attraverso il modello di regressione dei dati del pannello. Questo articolo ha preso i dati provinciali dal 2000 al 2012. I risultati indicano che, a livello provinciale, la disuguaglianza di reddito in Cina frena la crescita delle importazioni e delle esportazioni.
PAROLE CHIAVE: CINA, LIVELLO PROVINCIALE, DISUGUAGLIANZA DI REDDITO, IMPORTAZIONE ED ESPORTAZIONE
ARTICOLO 3, POVERTÀ MULTIDIMENSIONALE E IMPORT-ESPORTAZIONE DELLA CINA
Secondo lo standard di povertà della Cina 2010, la soglia di povertà 366 yuan (217,40 dollari) del 1978 stabilito dal Dipartimento di indagine rurale di NBS (National Bureau Of Statistics) della Cina, c' erano 770,39 milioni di persone in zona rurale sotto la soglia di povertà. Se si tiene conto della popolazione urbana, la popolazione di povertà della Cina dovrebbe essere più numerosa nel 1978. Con lo stesso rapporto, si dice che c' erano 55,75 milioni di persone in zona rurale sotto la soglia di povertà 2855 yuan (458,38 dollari) nel 2015. La Cina ha ottenuto grandi risultati in materia di riduzione della povertà. Nel frattempo, l' importazione e l' esportazione della Cina sono aumentando al secondo paese più grande commercio da un livello molto basso. Questa ricerca parte dal presupposto che la povertà pluridimensionale limiti l' accesso all' importazione ed esportazione. Questa ricerca modella la povertà multidimensionale delle province in Cina sulla base del Multidimensional Poverty Index, in tal caso, calcola la povertà multidimensionale da fuzzy set, e analizza l' impatto della povertà multidimensionale sull' importazione ed esportazione alla fine. L'articolo conclude che la provincia multidimensionale della povertà ha un accesso difficile all' importazione ed esportazione.
PAROLE CHIAVE: SET FUZZY, POVERTÀ MULTIDIMENSIONALE, CINA, LIVELLO PROVINCIALE, IMPORTAZIONE ED ESPORTAZIONE
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"Pakistan’s progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC); an empirical assessment of determinants of catastrophic health expenditures, efficiency of sub provincial health systems, and inequities in UHC tracer indicators at the provincial level (2001-14)." Tulane University, 2017.
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acase@tulane.eduThe Sustainable Development agenda, which will be driving the development discourse of the world in next fifteen years, has 17 goals and 169 target. Goal 3 is related to health and it has 13 targets. Target 3.8 states “Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all”. This target - related to universal health coverage (UHC) is considered the linchpin of all other health targets. Although more than 100 countries across the world are pursuing UHC reforms, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to achieving UHC. It has been recommended that governments should develop approaches that fit the social, economic, demographic, and political context of their countries. Pakistan, the sixth most populous country in the world, underwent its first democratic transition after elections 2013. The 18th constitutional amendment of devolution has made health a provincial subject in the country. As promised in election manifestoes, all the three major political parties ruling provincial governments have recently committed to health financing reforms for achieving UHC. Though the existing literature provides a few key health financing indicators at the national level, there is a paucity of evidence for planning and monitoring UHC reforms at the provincial level. This dissertation, comprised of three papers, addressed this gap by providing empirical evidence on: i) incidence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure, ii), efficiency of division level health systems in producing UHC tracer indicators. and iii) provincial progress towards Universal health coverage and associated in-equities from 2001-14.
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Faraz Khalid
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Po, Li Wen, and 李文博. "A Study on China's Provincial Level Government Reform and Transformation in Government Functions －Taking Shanghai City Government for a Case Study." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28462907122035075480.
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碩士銘傳大學
公共管理與社區發展研究所碩士在職專班
90
Abstract This thesis is based on the research of administrative reforms and change of provincial governments in China. Shanghai municipal government has been identified as a case study for the purpose of this thesis, which research methodologies focus on the systems of Shanghai municipal government, associating with literature review and depth interview to conduct an empirical dialogue between reforms of governmental institutions and changes of professional functions. Shanghai municipal government initiated a series of administrative reforms in 2000, which was based on the instruction on the reform of the Department of the State in Central government in 1988. There are four main reasons for Shanghai municipal government as well as other provincial governments in China to carry out reforms as follows: 1. Increasing numbers of redundant employees and governmental officers have caused a heavy burden on the finance of government at all levels. 2. There is an attempt to promote the change of governmental functions with the reforms of institutions. 3. Reforms are set to meet with the demand of market economy. 4. The systems and structures of the Chinese governments needed an intensive change and modification soon after China joins the World Trade Organization. The thesis finds eight significant problems that Shanghai municipality has encountered since her reform in 2000 as follows: 1. The most important mission of the reform is how to utterly reinforce the system of supervision. 2. In response to most lay-off employees transferring to the organizations of ruling party or relevant enterprise companies, governments at all levels would conduct a set of reforms, rather than a piecemeal change, in order to get rid of any possible defects. 3. Facing the global challenge from WTO, the success of reforms in public enterprises depends on whether or not theses enterprises deal with the world trend. 4. The success of the reforms of Shanghai municipality is limited because the reform might cause conflict from those formerly owning the power and benefits. 5. The institutional reforms of Shanghai municipality needs be deemed as a specialty, and her effects are not likely duplicated to other provinces or cities, simply because finance of Shanghai is more abundant than other areas in China. 6. What if China cannot achieve reforms on the system of politics simultaneously, though there is a solid result of reforms on the Shanghai market economy, the deep and contrary problems will emerge when economy grows. At the same time, it is not a good sign, if the social and political change can not meet the world trend. 7. The reason for Shanghai to achieve so many infrastructures in a short period of time is due to the fact that Shanghai is under the autocracy of communist system, rather than from the democracy. 8. The big setback for the reconstructing Shanghai municipality is not from capital perspective, but from how to payback in the future. The thesis offers the evaluation of the effect on the reforms of Shanghai institutions in 2000 as following: 1. Though administrative reforms of the Department of the State is considered as an effective example at organizational level, but it is not likely to provide a model to Shanghai municipality. 2. A tremendous laid-off of the public officers will have made a serious as well as an unavoidable challenge to the political stability. 3. The current network of social welfare in Shanghai is not sufficient to bear the cost of governmental reforms. 4. Adopting an incremental strategy to carry out its reform, China has passed through a stable period of time. However with spanning the scope of its reform, China will face challenge and difficulty in the next phase of reform. Keywords：The Department of the State, Shanghai municipal government、Institutional reform、Incremental change
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Hirschorn, Jessica. "Assessing Trends in the Application of the Exclusionary Rule at the Provincial Appellate Level: Retrenchment of Rights at the O. C. A." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/2889.
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Although debates surrounding the exclusionary rule are as old (indeed, older) than the rule itself, the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Grant has renewed debates over the principle and application of the rule. This thesis empirically assesses trends in the admission of improperly obtained evidence at the Ontario Court of Appeal (O.C.A.) with the aim of drawing some preliminary conclusions about the nature of judicial decision-making. Utilizing all O.C.A. cases involving consideration of s. 24(2) from the enactment of the Charter in 1982 to December 31st 2010, this study aims to reveal and understand trends in the exclusion of evidence in terms of the characteristics of the evidence, type of rights found to be violated, individual judicial characteristics and deference to lower courts while paying particular attention to the effect of precedent on the outcome.
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Chen, Ya-Ju, and 陳雅如. "Relationship among Cultural and Creative Industry City's Degree of Cultural Content, Cultural Creativity and Cultural Development－Comparison Study of Municipalities, Sub-provincial and Prefecture-level Cities in Mainland China." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/468jvy.
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碩士中原大學
企業管理研究所
99
Abstract In recent years, the concept of cultural creativity or creative economy, the world gradually being taken seriously. China has been able to develop cultural and creative city because it is thousands of years of cultural heritages. Therefore, the study concludes that different types of cultural and creative potential of the city's cultural and creative aims of the degree the city's cultural connotation, culture, creativity and cultural development of power. It could provided to the development of cultural creative industry in Taiwan and Mainland China. This research based on Cultural and creative industries research and literature review, cultural and creative city Classified into three types of municipalities, sub-provincial cities and prefecture-level cities. We discuss cultural and creative city’s potential by Degree of cultural content, Cultural creativity and Force of cultural development. Degree of cultural content includes resources content, atmosphere content and quality content three dimensions. Cultural creativity includes value of diversity, cluster value, human value and creative value four dimensions. Cultural development includes industry, market development, extended development three dimensions. Emphasis on how to place into focus and in accordance with local characteristics, conditions, and human resources for the development of priority of Cultural resources of cultural and creative city. Culture, Creativity and cities not only share common features, it is the major driving forces of urban development one of the sources. As china’s government provided municipalities in China with rich resources, improve the municipality's cultural superiority. Municipalities are not only to high degree of internationalization but cultural venues in a more adequate. Thus, Municipalities are better than the sub-provincial cities and prefecture-level city for the development of cultural and creative industries. In 2006, Inclusion of cultural industries in China no.11 five-year plan, cultural and creative industries as an important strategy for economic development. Local governments started to actively develop the cultural and creative industries. Keywords: Cultural and creative industries, Cultural and creative city, Degree of Cultural Content, Cultural Creativity, Cultural Development
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Georgievová, Olga. "Zapojení provincií v kanadské přistěhovalecké politice: Příklad Ontaria." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326533.
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Asymmetry and executive federalism are two unique features that dominate the Canadian political landscape. As a result, federal and provincial governments are in direct negotiations over many current public policy issues, immigration policy notwithstanding. In order to understand the current immigration debate and to evaluate the benefits of greater provincial involvement, it is first necessary to comprehend what motivates provinces to be active in immigration policy-making. Ontario presents an interesting example of a province that used to be quite content with leaving the federal government dominant in the immigration arena but that has recently changed its attitude completely: Ontario is now much more assertive in presenting its demands. Through a comprehensive literature review and a series of interviews of key immigration policy figures, this study analyzes the main motives of Ontario with respect to immigration policy. It finds that they were primarily of economic, demographic, and political nature and that they were mainly connected to the relative decline of Ontario's position within Canada.
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Kruger, Wessel Johannes. "The integration of spatial- and infrastructure planning at municipal level / Wessel Johannes Kruger." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13344.
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This study was initiated to evaluate the level of integration between infrastructure- and spatial planning at local government level in South Africa. Municipalities have been given a constitutional obligation to provide their communities with effective and efficient municipal services. Most if not all of these municipal services require adequate infrastructure to be delivered in a sustainable manner. In addition, infrastructure has been identified as being an enabler of economic growth and development by providing a foundation on which economic and social interaction can occur. The planning of infrastructure is therefore of absolute importance. Additionally, ‗Green Infrastructure‘1 has increasingly been viewed as a means to create sustainable human settlements with numerous benefits.
Unfortunately, it seems that the important task of infrastructure planning has not been receiving the necessary attention at municipal level especially in rural municipalities. This has resulted in both over and under provision of infrastructure in certain areas. As physical infrastructure lays down influential structural elements that can last for centuries, it is proposed that infrastructure be planned in conjunction with strategic spatial planning in a structured manner. This research will determine the feasibility of such integration at municipal level by scrutinising the existing spatial planning system on local government level while considering the infrastructure planning system. The spatial planning system in South Africa has undergone several paradigm shifts over the past number of decades; altering from a master planning approach that was too rigid to adapt to any sudden form of change, to a more conceptual approach drawing on abstract elements such as nodes and corridors.
The South African Presidency has commissioned at least two departments with the task of integrated infrastructure planning on a national level. The first is the National Planning Commission (NPC), and the second is the Department of Performance Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME). The former develops long term integrated development plans for all sectors including infrastructure and produced the National Development Plan (NDP) as a long-term vision for South Africa up to 2030, while the latter is dedicated to the advancement of economic infrastructure. Although the focus of this study is on local government level, cognisance must be taken of national and provincial government policy and guidelines.
The practice of spatial planning in South Africa is done on three levels of government as set out in the Constitution (Act 108 of 1996); national, provincial and local. Spatial planning on a local level is additionally subject to various other forms of policy and legislation including the Municipal Systems Act (No 32 of 2000) which instructs local government to undertake integrated development planning for their area of jurisdiction. This function involves the creation of an Integrated Development Plan (IDP), which must link, integrate and co-ordinate plans from all sectors within the municipality. Such IDP must additionally include a Spatial Development Framework (SDF) which must give form to the long term spatial vision of the IDP.
Infrastructure planning on a local level is subject to various institutional arrangements that are aimed to facilitate the large number of role players involved such as service authorities and service providers amongst others. Municipal infrastructure is therefore divided into different categories relating to the scale and function thereof. Firstly, municipal infrastructure is divided into civil and electrical infrastructure where the former consists of roads, water and sanitation infrastructure amongst others and the latter consists of infrastructure concerned with facilitating electricity generation, transmission and distribution. Civil infrastructure can additionally be divided into bulk, connector and internal infrastructure where bulk is larger in scale and normally situated outside formal urbanised areas, leading down to internal infrastructure which is designed to serve individual properties. The division in electrical infrastructure is normally only made between bulk and reticulation, where the latter includes both internal and connector infrastructure.
As in the case with conventional infrastructure, green infrastructure is made up of a large variety of different elements and is practiced on various scales. These scales distinguish between the ownership and responsibility of such green infrastructure. The appropriate level of involvement of local government in green infrastructure practices is fairly uncertain as many municipalities do not make provision for green infrastructure in their development plans. This study makes several proposals on how to incorporate both conventional and green infrastructure into strategic plans. Such proposals include but are not limited to the introduction of an administrative framework aimed at intergovernmental co-operation, the introduction of lower-order spatial plans as well as the introduction of a multi-disciplinary planning team.MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Richards, Garrett Ward. "Climate Change Action through Co-Productive Design in Science-Policy Partnerships at Municipal, Provincial, and National Levels of Government." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6975.
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Why is it that the international scientific consensus on climate change has not been followed by a proportionate policy response in Canada? Perhaps the relationships between the country’s science organizations and government agencies are not functioning properly. My research adopts an interdisciplinary approach (i.e. science studies and political science) to this issue, highlighting the relevant literature’s underlying consensus on co-production, a norm of deliberative two-way engagement between scientists and policy-makers. I hypothesize that relationships embodying elements of co-productive design (e.g. informal communication, appointed liaisons) are more likely to facilitate climate action. To test this, I examine three cases of climate science-policy partnership in Canada by interviewing participants from both sides. The partnership between the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium and BC municipalities exhibits substantial influence on policy, tied to a considerable degree of co-productive design. The partnership between the Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions and the Climate Action Secretariat of the BC provincial government also displays notable design characteristics, but primarily facilitates side benefits and soft influences rather than concrete policy changes. The attempted partnership between the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the federal government exhibits few elements of co-productive design and has been effectively terminated, demonstrating the prerequisite importance of political interest. The relevant literature is not sufficiently nuanced to fully predict or explain these situations, so I put forward a new theoretical model. My science-policy relationship hierarchy (SPRHi) suggests that each such case can be classified as incidental interaction, basic partnership, interactive dialogue, or true co-production. It specifies the conditions which must be met for any given relationship to improve, maximizing potential benefits and influences. Concrete policy changes seem to result only from true co-production, though, which generally requires exceptional external requirements and thus cannot be deliberately facilitated. As such, co-productive design ultimately does not offer a clear way to address Canada’s climate inaction. I suggest that further research be conducted on international coordination mechanisms, public attitudes, and (especially) political leadership. However, the soft influences of science-policy partnerships may affect these broader factors in unpredictable ways, so the importance of co-productive design should not be underestimated.Graduate