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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Provincial city'
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1
Yeung, Wing-yu Hans. "Guangzhou, 1800-1925 : the urban evolution of a Chinese provincial capital /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B20391900.
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Zhu, Haiying. "Fast food in a Chinese provincial city: a comparative analysis." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3997.
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More than a decade ago American fast food entered the Chinese market. Since then the number of fast food and organized chain restaurants in China has multiplied. Chinese consumers, especially those who live in large urban areas, have accepted
Western-style fast food restaurants that serve French fries and other popular dishes as a way of life. Inspired by the success of the symbolism of McDonald's and KFC, many Chinese restaurants have tried to use traditional Chinese culture to lure customers into what is advertised as indigenous, modern fast food outlets. Recently some Chinese fast food entrepreneurs have successfully developed local versions of the Western fast food system. Based on my three months ethnographic research in HuaiÂan, I address the competitive situation between American fast food restaurants and local Chinese restaurants by examining service, price, management, food, and customer expectations. Specifically, this case analysis includes one of the largest American fast food chains and
one of the largest Chinese fast food restaurant chains. The data are based on participant observation, informal and formal interviews, a sample survey, and historical documents. The study finds that in HuaiÂan, one local Chinese fast food restaurant, after improving décor, hygiene and service, has experienced increasing success in the local market. I show that the globalization process has experienced two types of localization in HuaiÂan. First, Western chains have striven to adapt to the consumers in HuaiÂan, by insisting on a high degree of local ownership and by modestly tailoring their products to local taste. Second, the mere presence of these Western chains has encouraged Chinese
entrepreneurs to develop decidedly local versions of modern fast food enterprises.
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Gedikli, Bahar. "Strategic Spatial Planning And Its Implementation In Turkey: Sanliurfa Provincial Development Planning Case." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605550/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims at analyzing the strategic spatial planning, which has received widespread acceptance both in developed and developing countries. Turkey is one of the countries that has been trying to adopt this new tendency. Recently, Provincial Development Planning has been introduced into the Turkish planning system as a stratgeic planning attempt. This thesis evaluates the Sanliurfa Provincial Development Planning case with respect to a set of criteriaunderlines the role of continent factors (specific actors in the process and their roles) in the satisfaction of these criteria
and highlights the role of place-specific factors (quality of social capital, level of economic development) in the planning process. The strategic planning is not merely concerned with the plannng process
but also with implementation and monitoring stages. Therefore, the thesis stresses that these three integral stages --planning, implementation, monitoring-- should be eqaully considered with agents, roles and resources so that the plans can be implemented.
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Smith, Susan Nicole. "Museum practices and notions of the local in a Russian provincial city, 1898-1935 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10454.
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Bailey, Cheryl. "Provincial banking in nineteenth century England : York City & County Banking Co., 1830-1880." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34063.
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During the nineteenth century, the English provincial banking system transformed from a fragmented base of private firms into a sophisticated, integrated money transfer system dominated by joint-stock banks. This thesis analyses this development over the mid-century's critical years by focussing on a particular institution - York City & County Banking Co., one of the first joint-stock banks to be established in England. Examination of the bank's history between 1830 and 1880 addresses two broad themes: banking in a rural community until 1870; and, the rise of an industrial and commercial commitment thereafter. The first forty years of the bank's history might, conveniently, be described as its 'agricultural phase'. Until 1870, it serviced the agricultural communities and market towns of Yorkshire's North and East Ridings. In many regards, the business was conducted like that of a private house, particularly in terms of the clientele attracted, management's policy towards advances, and the staff recruited. What made it unusual was the propensity of the bank's management to branch from commencement. Over the late nineteenth century, York City became increasingly representative of the banking system as a whole as other provincial banks also began to initiate branch networks. In response, York City's management applied a strategy of developing custom in industrial Yorkshire and the north east. Consequently, the 1870s ushered in a period of transition and change. The opening of the Middlesbrough branch in 1871, and the subsequent policy of expansion pursued under the direction of the new general manager, William Wilberforce Morrell, involved the bank directly in industrial finance, taking it for the first time into an investing rather than saving area. Amalgamation and consolidation typified the bank's post-1870 years. An increased standardisation of business practice in line with other banks, a tendency towards 'bigness', and the increasing professionalisation of the establishment all pointed towards the adoption by York City's management of the 'corporate form'. Within fifty years, York City & County Bank grew from being a modest country bank to become one of the country's largest provincial joint-stock concerns.
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Goldberg, Sonya Marion. "The meeting of the city and the country, the Ontario Provincial Winter Fair, 1900-1940." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ56328.pdf.
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King, Christopher. "House and society in an English provincial city : the archaeology of urban households in Norwich, 1370-1700." Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494774.
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This thesis is an analysis of the archaeological evidence for houses and households in the city of Norwich between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries, paying close attention to changing power relations and the formation of social identity in the domestic sphere. It provides an interpretation of the changing forms and functions of urban houses at different social levels across the period of the late medieval to early modem transition, and explores the relationship of urban domestic architecture to the processes of rebuilding and 'closure' identified in post-medieval rural dwellings. The thesis includes a detailed standing building analysis of the surviving houses of the mercantile and civic elite, discussing the interaction of commercial and domestic spaces in mercantile houses and their role in the constitution of elite social identities, dynastic stability and political authority.
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Abrahams, Farah. "A review of provincial land-use planning in the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Planning administration in the Western Cape is at a critical juncture. It is faced with having to address planning issues and housing needs whilst at the same time demonstrating through its practices the promotion of environmentally sustainable development. This paper will discuss planning and environmental legislation and the impact that the application of the legislation has on development proposals. Current legislation addresses issues of spacial development in developed areas and new development proposals but lacks the ability to address issues within informal settlements. Although socio-economic factors are not currently considered when assessing the viability of applications, the courts seem to consider these factors. Since new housing settlements are often developed for the poor and industrial developments in close proximity to these areas have direct impact on these individuals, planning could only gain if these factors are taken into consideration.If planning administration in the Western Cape is to continue successfully and without endless litigation against the Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning administrators will have to find a balance between promoting development and protecting the environment. To promote environmentally sustainable developments will require closer cooperation between the land use planning and environmental management components. The loopholes, which permit incremental development in the present legislation, have to be identified and addressed. Guidelines, which will standardize the conditions under which applications can be approved or refused, will have to be drafted to ensure decision-making that is consistent and defensible. If having a liquor store within an affluent environment is not considered desirable such applications should not be considered within lower income areas. The same should apply when dealing with applications to establish factories or industry which will have an impact on the living conditions of communities in close proximity. The MEC will have to ensure that all decision taken are within the legal framework and that such decisions benefit entire communities and protect the rights of the poorest communities as well as that of the wealthy and influential.
Environmental legislation and the growing importance of environmental protection is also having an impact on the way in which new settlements are planned and on the rights of property owners. Although, we are responsible for the preservation of the environment for the next generation, socio-economic conditions, HIV and a myriad of other considerations may have to take precedence over environmental concerns.
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Beygo, Ayça [Verfasser], and Franz Alto [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauer. "The historical topography of a provincial Byzantine city in Thrace: Vize (Bizye) / Ayça Beygo ; Betreuer: Franz Alto Bauer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1179694856/34.
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Booi, Mlungisi Wellington. "Performance management of health professionals : an evaluation research study of health services in the subdistrict of Buffalo City in the Provincial Department of Health in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020017.
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Integrative Summary In 1997 the Minister of Public Service and Administration of South Africa, Zola Skweyiya, introduced the White Paper on Transforming Public Service Delivery(Department of Public Service and Administration(DPSA,1997: 1). It was premised on what was called Batho Pele (DPSA, 1997: 9), giving effect to Section 197 of the Constitution, Act 108 of 1996 as amended. A linkage to performance management can be found from the assertion made in the White Paper that in future the Batho Pele would form the basis of any assessment of the performance of individual staff and that would contribute to improving the delivery of service (DPSA, 1997:16). Another factor that contributed to the utilisation of a performance management system was the recommendation put forward by the Public Service Commission of South Africa( PSC,2004: 16),that called for public institutions to adopt a clear, comprehensive performance management and evaluation framework for the delivery of public service. That was expected to turn around the ailing public institutions whose record of serving the public with pride and dignity was on the decline. The research aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the performance management system in creating and resolving role conflict with health professionals employed by the Buffalo City sub-district. The research goal was divided into three objectives, namely: evaluation of the effectiveness of the performance management system as a managerial tool for health managers to manage their subordinates including both professional and support staff, evaluation of the effectiveness of the performance system from the perspective of the health professional as a subordinate and to analyze the functioning and effectiveness of the system in creating and resolving role conflict between professional conduct and organisational requirements. The respondents noted that the implementation of the system was not matched with appointment at managerial level with officials having relevant managerial capacity. Further to that resources at the coal face of service delivery continued to deteriorate and became very scarce and there is no documented proof that has been found of an effort made to check the compatibility of the system to health professionals. The literature identified negative effects that have emanated from the implementation of the performance management system. The study was conducted by interviewing health professionals from the entry level to the management level within the Buffalo City sub-district from three mini hospitals or Health Care Centres. The respondents indicated that there are positives that have been achieved by the implementation of the system, such as the skills gap identification as well as specific targets contained in annual performance contracts. These targets help motivate health professional to focus on that particular direction of activities. Unfortunately it has been clearly documented that the performance management system has also contributed to the development of role conflict in a number of professionals. It has been documented that the system has not been crafted with a health professional in mind and, as such, appears to favour quantity rather than quality of health services as advocated by the codes of practice of different health professionals. There are a number of recommendations that were put forward by the respondents to try to salvage the system and in mitigation of the identified negative factors. For the improvement of the system, the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Health has to firstly customise the annual contracts to contain only the fundamental information. Secondly need to improve the transparency pertaining to financial pressures facing the Health Department. Thirdly the provision of essential enablers, need to be prioritised. Fourthly there is a need to upgrade the system to incorporate 360 degree feedback. Further research recommendations include a bigger sample incorporating different research methods and to also incorporate searches for measures that can be implemented to improve the system to be more relevant to health professionals. This document is organised and presented in three sections. The first section is the evaluation report with a review of literature, research methodology, findings, discussion and conclusion. The second section is where an indepth literature review is located and the last section details the research methodology.
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Quesada, Lemay Llorente. "The role of provincial government support in the development of black-owned small tourism businesses in the city of Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Since 1994, tourism has become one of the most benefited industries among the overall of the South African economy. However, the industry is still far from being an example of transformations. The tourism industry in South Africa is still dominated by white-owned large enterprises, leaving limited space for the development of black-owned small tourism businesses. The existing literature identifies that government support represents a key variable regarding small tourism business development, specifically among black entrepreneurs. This study evaluated the role of provincial government support in the development of black-owned small tourism businesses in the South Africa, with a focus on Cape Town.
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Brady, Sara. "Nursing in Cardiff during the First World War : a study of the interaction between women, war and medicine in a provincial city." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683201.
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Zhou, Guoyan. "An investigation into the rationale of planning implementation at local levels in China : taking planning control on land development in urban fringe areas of the provincial capital city Hefei as example." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439181.
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Dirwayi, Tafadzwa P. "Application of the sustainable livelihoods framework to the analysis of the Provincial Growth and Development Plan of the Eastern Cape: a case study of the Massive Food Production Programme in Nkonkobe Municipality and Buffalo City Municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/353.
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The Government of the Eastern Cape Province introduced the Massive Food Production programme, which is a cornerstone within the agrarian reform initiative of the Provincial Growth and Development Plan (PGDP). The programme has been going on for more than seven years, however little has been documented on its impact. The main objective of the study was to investigate the impact of the Massive Food Production Programme on the livelihoods in Nkonkobe Municipality. This study did not only investigate its impact on the participants but also assessed its impact on the recipient communities. Accordingly, the specific objectives of the study were to investigate the impact of the Massive Food Programme on the asset base of participants, the general livelihood activities, and the livelihood outcomes. Among other livelihood activities, the study made an in-depth investigation on the impact of the Massive Food Production Programme on maize crop production. This is because the Massive Food Production was aimed at maize crop production. Previous studies investigated on the indicators of success that can be used to measure the impact of this programme. After the wide-ranging evaluation of views, arguments and research findings, a model to measure impact of the programme was designed. The asset base improvement was used as the proxy of impact. Nine factors were selected from the principal component analysis of the many factors that were taken to affect participation. Three other dummy variables to proximate location, participation and group turnover were added to the regression model that was developed to measure impact. The DFID Sustainable Livelihood Framework was used to investigate the impact of the Massive Food Production Programme. This approach was used in both conceptualizing the study and the selection of variables. The DFID Sustainable Livelihood Approach was selected because unlike the CARE or UNDP Sustainable Livelihood models, it was designed for such purposes. Data collection was accomplished through observation, interviewing, and focus group discussions. The researcher also made use of project annual reports on change of livelihoods, baseline survey reports, project log frame, internal reports, work plans, budgets and mid-term evaluation reports as sources of secondary data. v The research findings were analysed using several analytical procedures, including the conventional descriptive statistics, principal components analysis, and linear regression analysis. The use of the different types of analysis was driven by the research questions under investigation and the theories on which they are based, and by the available data. The study revealed that to some extent the Massive Food Production Programme has managed to improve the asset base of the farmers. However, its impact on ensuring food security is still debatable. Findings of the study revealed that most of the participants and the non-participants communities experienced food shortages in the last season 2007/8 for at most three months. The study revealed that the highest agricultural income is from livestock sales. The varying locations showed the potential of livestock production. It is recommended that development agencies consider livestock production as an agricultural strategy with immense potential for enhancing sustaining rural livelihoods
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Salman, Lindile Andrew. "Challenges faced by the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Local Government integrated development planning unit in supporting municipalities to deliver credible integrated development plans, using Sundays River Valley Municipality as a case study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021092.
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This Research was undertaken to explore the challenges faced by the Eastern Cape Department of Local Government and Traditional Affairs Integrated Development Planning Unit to support municipalities to deliver credible Integrated Development Plans (IDPs), using Sunday’s River Valley Municipality as a case study. The legal obligation of the Department of Local Government is to support Municipalities to able them to perform their function and execute the duties allocated to them. This mandate originates from the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996. The Provincial Department of Local Government Integrated Development Unit is therefore obliged to support and guide municipalities in the development of IDPs by mobilizing and coordinating sector departments to participate in IDP processes, and to identify and allocate funds for projects. It is suggested that the DLGTA IDP Unit is not doing enough to support municipalities so as to deliver credible IDPs, hence the wide-spread violent service delivery protests. The study aimed at establishing whether there is a direct link between the efforts or not of DLGTA to help the municipality to develop a credible IDP and service delivery protests. The IDP may be credible, but the implementation may be flawed, or funding does not flow as expected, or the people on the ground may not understand that it may take years to deliver services. The study targeted senior managers of coordinating Departments, the Sunday’s River Valley Municipality (SRVM) and IDP Managers of SRVM and the Cacadu District Municipality (CDM). The study discovered that sector departments do not participate meaningfully in IDP processes mainly because: (1) SRVM does not extend invitations to all sector departments to attend IDP meetings; (2) There is no legal obligation to participate at local level; (3) There appears to be no commitment shown by senior managers of SRVM on IDP Processes. The DLGTA IDP Unit efforts to assist SRVM to deliver credible IDPs cannot be deemed successful, because the SRVM IDP continued to receive medium rating score for four years in succession. The DLGTA IDP Unit never paid attention to the issues cited above as the cause of stagnation of SRVM IDP. The DLGTA IDP Unit was not aware that the issues cited above were the cause for the poor SRVM IDP until the researcher brought it to their attention. It is therefore recommended that the culture of participation in the IDP processes by top management of both SRVM and DLGTA should be included in the performance contracts of top management officials. It is also recommended that the Inter Governmental Relations (IGR) Framework Act be reviewed to recognize IGR IDP Structures at local level such as IDP Representative Forums. The Act currently is silent on those structures at local level.
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Roux, Marie. "Le devenir de l’administration civile en Gaule et en Hispanie de 284 à 536 après J.-C. : transformations des institutions romaines, mises en place des royaumes romano-barbares et mutations des élites." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100136.
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Les réformes menées sous Dioclétien et Constantin établirent des circonscriptions et des hiérarchies administratives qui demeurèrent stables dans les Gaules, les Espagnes et en Bretagne, tout au long du IVe siècle. Suite aux usurpations du début du Ve siècle et aux installations des groupes barbares, le pouvoir préfectoral arlésien perdit progressivement le contrôle sur ces provinces, ce qui perturba le fonctionnement de l’appareil fiscal. Au Ve siècle, des membres des familles sénatoriales les plus en vue, souvent originaires du diocèse des Sept Provinces, accaparèrent la charge de préfet du prétoire des Gaules. L’administration des provinces gauloises et hispaniques qui reconnaissaient encore le pouvoir impérial fut alors de plus en plus décentralisée. À partir de la fin des années 460, des aristocrates gallo ou hispano-romains apparaissent comme étant au service des rois, un phénomène qui indique que ces pouvoirs barbares devenaient des acteurs politiques incontournables. La disparition de l’autorité impériale en Occident et le fait que les royaumes romano-barbares devinrent des entités politiques autonomes parachevèrent les fragmentations territoriales, politiques et sociales initiées depuis le début du Ve siècle. Ces nouveaux pouvoirs n’eurent d’autres solutions que de conserver une partie des instances de l’administration judiciaire et fiscale romaine et de les adapter aux nouveaux espaces. Ainsi, c’est à l’échelle locale et, surtout, au niveau de la cité que l’essentiel des fonctions de l’administration civile furent dès lors accomplies et que les trois acteurs majeurs de la vie administrative dans la Gaule franque et l’Hispanie wisigothe, à savoir le comte, l’évêque et les élites des cités, évoluèrentReforms established under the age of Diocletian and Constantin set up circumscriptions and administrative hierarchies that remained stable throughout the IVth century in Gaul, Spain and Britain. As a consequence of usurpations at the beginning of the Vth century and of Barbarians’ settlements, the Arlesian prefectoral power progressively lost the control of these provinces, thus perturbing the fiscal system. In the Vth century, the prominent senatorial family members, who were often from the Seven Provinces diocese, monopolized the position of praetorian prefect of Gaul. The administration of Gallic and Spanish provinces, which still recognized the imperial power, became more and more decentralized. As of the late 460's, Gallic and Spanish aristocrats are established as kings' servants, which indicates that these Barbarian leaders were becoming very important political players. In the western territories, the disappearance of the imperial power, together with the fact that the Romano-Germanic kingdoms became autonomous political bodies, finished the territorial, political and social fragmentation process that had started at the beginning of the Vth century. These new power entities had no other solution than keeping some of the Roman legal and fiscal administration authorities and adapting them to the new territories. As a consequence, it is at the local scale, and mostly at city level, that most of the positions in civil administration were located and involved the three main players in the Frankish Gaul and Visigothic Spain administration, namely the count, the bishop and the city élites
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Vicencio, Sebastián, and H. Miguel Reyes. "City Parking : reserva de estacionamientos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146142.
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TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓNSebastián Vicencio [Parte I], Miguel Reyes H. [Parte II]
Según los últimos estudios desarrollados por la SECTRA y el INE, la Región Metropolitana se lleva más de la mitad de la concentración de vehículos a nivel nacional, donde 30% app corresponden a movilización vía transporte privado o particular. Por otro lado el parque automotriz ha aumentado a una tasa superior a la infraestructura vial (20% en últimos 4 años), favorecido en el gran Santiago, por las falencias que ha mostrado el servicio de transporte público, Transantiago, Si a nivel nacional se generan diariamente más de 9 millones de viajes en transporte privado, y la disponibilidad de estacionamientos asociados a sistema de concesión municipal o privados en lugares de alta concentración de vehículos, como Santiago y Providencia (25.258 espacios) no es suficiente en tramos de horario de alta demanda. La escasez de estacionamiento ha hecho subir los precios de este servicio, por ejemplo el valor promedio por 30 min en la zona perimetral a la Línea 1 de metro es de $607. La región Metropolitana es la zona con mayor densidad poblacional a nivel país, comunas como Santiago, Providencia y Las Condes presentan valores sobre 100 viviendas/km2. Estas mismas comunas reciben una mayor proporción vehículos particulares que otras dentro de la región (14,5% de los destinos). A nivel nacional también existen comunas que poseen un dinámica similar. Al analizar el perfil de las personas que se movilizan de forma privada a nivel nacional un 67,7% corresponde a los segmentos ABC1 y C2/C3. Tomando como base esta información existe un mercado potencial de 6,4 millones de usuarios diarios dispuestos a pagar por servicios de estacionamiento, lo que valorizado correspondería, asumiendo un tiempo promedio de 30 min, a un mercado de $ 3.885.729.349 diarios. Sin embargo no se ha aprovechado la capacidad instalada de estacionamientos particulares en ciudades de alta densidad. Basado en la oportunidad detectada, la siguiente propuesta de valor busca mejorar la relación entre usuario y prestador de servicio, utilizando una plataforma digital que permita reservar y prepagar online por espacios de estacionamiento. Bajo esta condición es factible el ingreso de particulares que residen en las zonas de alta demanda como oferentes, incrementando la oferta más allá de las empresas que hoy participan. A partir de este modelo de negocio esperamos obtener una tasa de retorno de 48,1% y un VAN de $ 424.787.235 en 5 años.
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Pichard, Rivalan Mathieu. "Rennes, naissance d'une capitale provinciale (1491-1610)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20033/document.
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Entre la fin du XVe siècle et les années 1610, le, le parlement de Bretagne s'installe à Rennes au détriment d'autres candidates au statut de capitale provinciale (Nantes et Vannes). On observe alors une sorte de « renaissance politique » de la ville appuyée sur des attitudes nouvelles de prédation institutionnelle qui visent à atteindre une forme de distinction à l’échelle de la province. Le parlement s’installe définitivement à Rennes dans les années 1560 et contribue à attirer de nouvelles élites qui constituent de nouveaux réseaux de notabilité. Au même moment, la municipalité et le siège présidial voient leur importance et leur champ d'action redéfinis dans les domaines politique et administratif à mesure que le parlement progresse dans ses prérogatives en ville. La thèse tente de démontrer que l’installation d’une cour souveraine et le maintien d’une volonté de distinction accélère le passage d'une ex-Capitale ducale à une capitale servant de relais pour la monarchie, forte de ses institutions mais où l’équilibre politique entre les différents corps constitués est rendu plus complexe. L’intégration du duché de Bretagne au royaume de France a proposé aux élites urbaines des options et des opportunités en termes de discours, de fidélités et d’attitudes politiques et les Rennais se sont positionnés, dans ce domaine, avec une habileté toute particulière. Le processus est en relation étroite avec la composition sociale et professionnelle du corps de ville. La « communauté de Rennes », à l’origine dominée par un groupe de marchands, procureurs et notaires concentrés sur la fiscalité et la gestion urbaine (notamment du dispositif des murs de la ville) s’est enrichie à partir du début du XVIe issus des cours de justice ordinaires (sénéchaussée, prévôté puis présidial). C’est ce groupe à plusieurs composantes qui s’est battu, contre Nantes en particulier, pour que Rennes devienne et demeure la capitale institutionnelle et judiciaire de la province bretonneBetween the end of the 15th century and the 1610’s, the parliament of Bretagne chose the city of Rennes over others candidates like Nantes or Vannes. At the same time there seemed to occur a sort of political Renaissance of the city linked to new attitudes, like the desire of creating new institutions that aimed to obtain a form of distinctive honor in the province. The parliament settles once and for all in Rennes in the 1560’s and participates to introduce a new elite in order to build innovative webs of notability. In the mean time, the municipality and the siège présidial saw their political responsibilities minored as the prerogative of the parliament was getting bigger in the city. The study tries to show that the settling of the judiciary court and the upkeep of a strong will of distinction speeds up the transition from an ex capital of the Dukes, to a royal provincial capital with the possibility of becoming a representative of the royal power. The city would eventually be stronger thanks to the variety of its institutions but the political balance has become more complex. The integration of the duchy to the French crown generated a series of options and opportunities to the urban elite in areas such as speeches and political attitudes. In this context, Rennes chose its position with a very accurate skill. This process seems to be related to the social and professional composition of the corps de ville. The “communauté de Rennes”, formerly led by a group of merchants, prosecutors or notaries who used to focus on the tax system and urbanism (especially the fortification walls of the city) was enriched in the beginning of the 16th century by new elements from the judiciary courts (“sénéchaussée”, “prévôté” and “siège présidial”). This group with various components led the fighting, against Nantes in particular, to let the city of Rennes become and remain the institutional and judiciary capital of the province of Bretagne
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Dehaan, Heather Diane. "From Nizhnii to Gor'kii : the reconstruction of a Russian provincial city in the Stalinist 1930s." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370812&T=F.
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Huang, Shih-Han, and 黃詩涵. "A Study of Slope Stability Retrofit for Provincial Highway No. 2C in New Taipei City." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b479a7.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
102
Taiwan is a mountainous country with relatively few plains. To meet economic needs, development of mountainous regions is frequently undertaken. Consequently, numerous roads that penetrate hillsides have been constructed. Because the hillside geology in Taiwan is fragile, several major disasters have occurred on hillside roads in recent years. The main causes are geologic materials, geological structure, environmental factors, and engineering and human factors. Among the environmental factors, precipitation is the primary factor, which causes hillside roadway disasters, including hillside collapse, landslides, and debris flow. These disasters may cause major losses and threaten the life and property of road users. In addition, because repair and maintenance engineering conducted on the highway slope is costly, the stabilization and maintenance problems related to hillsides must be considered thoroughly. Moreover, typhoons that occur in summer and autumn and northeast monsoons in the winter cause extreme precipitation on the northeast coast of Taiwan and destroy the hillsides near roads on the north coast, in Keelung, and on the northeast coast almost every year. Therefore, the effectiveness of repair and maintenance engineering design on road destruction in this area relies on the collection of data and analysis of the hillside destruction and related maintenance engineering that have occurred in previous years. Based on the various types and causes of hillside destruction, we reviewed studies related to hillside repair and maintenance, provided explanations of road management and hillside design regulations, and discussed hillside repair and maintenance engineering. A case in which repair and maintenance engineering was conducted on the left-side slope along the piers at Shihbi Bridge on Taiwan Provincial Highway 2C, Shuangxi District, New Taipei City was used in this study. The severity of and maintenance engineering design for each disaster that occurred in the research area were investigated. To compare each maintenance and cross-sectional design, this study analyzed the hillside facilities, slope, and drainage facilities. Based on the hillside disasters caused by several typhoons and torrential precipitation that occurred in recent years, and the subsequently conducted maintenance and repair engineering, we examined the process of disasters, causes of destruction, maintenance and repair engineering methods, design strategies, repair processes, and management effectiveness. The preliminary findings indicated that during typhoons and torrential rain caused by northeast monsoons, elevated groundwater is the primary concern in hillside maintenance and repair engineering. The engineering methods described in this study, such as drainage through the use of permeable pipes, can provide a reference for the highway slope design and maintenance and repair engineering.
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Kao, Chung-Wen, and 高崇雯. "Structures and Functions of the City Governmentat the Provincial-Level:A Comparative Study of Taipei and Shanghai." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49725562982182440287.
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碩士銘傳大學
社會科學院國家發展與兩岸關係碩士在職專班
93
Taiwan and China, though sharing numerous cultural traits, are in fact governed by two contrasting political systems. This is not just the case for their national governments but also for governments at the provincial-level. Major cities such as Shanghai and Taipei enjoy governing systems fairly different in constitutional status, organizational structures, and organizational functions. These aspects, as assumed in this paper, would decide which city would emerge as a global city in East Asia? To make sense the potentials of the two cities, the thesis studies the constitutional status, organizational law, organizational structures, and organizational functions of the two municipal governments. Through such a comparative study, the thesis hopes to provide some important lessons for both cities. This study suggests that the municipal government of Shanghai is established on the basis of “the rule of the party.” It is the CCP secretary rather than the mayor who is in charge of the government of Shanghai. In contrast, the mayor of Taipei is elected through popular elections. The mayor of Taipei thus is different from his counterpart in Shanghai no matter in terms of the origin, term, or status. In addition, the legislatures in both cities are also dissimilar. Finally, the bureaucrats of the municipal government are also quite different. Even so, the two cities are facing similar problems and challenges such as organizational redundancy, transportation congestion, environmental degradation, and among others. On the way toward a global city, both Shanghai and Taipei need to derive momentum from balanced development. This is what the leaders in both cities should keep in mind.
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Sun, Cheng, and 孫程. "From An Imperial Capital to A Provincial City: The Transformation of Jinling Urban Culture in Early Qing." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6t92sh.
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碩士國立清華大學
歷史研究所
107
Among the study of urban culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the transformation of urban culture after the dynastic transition during the second half of the 17th century has always been a topic of less academic attention. Most of the researches on this period focus on the issue of the loyalist's impact on urban culture. Especially in the study of urban culture in Jiangning in the early Qing Dynasty, both historians and art historians focused on the manifestation of the loyalist's culture. Their cognition of urban culture, however, was limited. The biggest impact of the transition from the Ming to the Qing Dynasty on Nanjing's urban culture was, however, the most easily overlooked. That was, the transformation of the city’s urban political character from an imperial capital to a provincial city. Focusing on the local society in Jiangning in the second half of the 17th century, and from the perspective of the landscape culture, the thesis analyzes a series of political and cultural activities and the productions of landscape painting carried out by contemporary local governments and local elites in the reconstruction of Jiangning's urban culture which centered on the remodeling of actual landscape space and cultural meaning. Exploring how the local government coordinated the new political and cultural orientation of Jiangning by the central government, and how it received and rectified the political space of the former dynasties in the city. Moreover, the landscape culture, a cultural tradition recognized by the literati class, and the popularity of the local elites involved, helped to expand the influence of the reconstruction work of local governments. At the same time, this paper analyzes the evolution process of Jinling landscape culture from the mid-17th century to the early 18th century. That is, from the nostalgia and sentimentality in the early Qing and the promotion of the flourishing of landscape culture in the reconstruction of urban culture, to the emphasis of the sense of identity of hometown landscape in the middle and late period of Kangxi reign. Finally, it gradually divorced from the cultural imagery of the late Ming Dynasty and developed a new way of landscape tour. This evolution process outlines the changes and developments of Jiangning's political and cultural characteristics in Early Qing as well.
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Tzu-MinLiang and 梁子珉. "Study on the Relationship between Land Use and Residential Energy Consumption: Case Study In Former Provincial Tainan City." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ydbsaw.
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碩士國立成功大學
都市計劃學系
102
In recent years, governments launched a lot of energy policy in order to reduce the reliance on nuclear energy, searching alternative energy sources, reducing energy imports and greenhouse gas. How to slow down household energy consumption has become the core issue of this study. Many studies mentions that household energy consumption will be influenced by urban land use and household lifestyle. According to the past reference, limited by the obtaining data, the literature on domestic energy mostly had been researched in counties scale, rather than community scale. However, we suggests that under different scales, the association between household energy consumption and urban spatial structure characteristics will be different. Therefore, we run regressive analysis and find significant factors of household electricity consumption in 231 communities of the Former Provincial Tainan City, and we establish indicators of the impact of household energy consumption, such as external environmental factors, urban density, housing type, demographic and socioeconomic indicators. Finally, according to curve estimates result, we analyze the changes in marginal effects and elasticity of each variable. The empirical results show that if the average floor high increase 1%, the average annual household electricity consumption will increase 0.26%. If residential average area increase 1%, the average annual household electricity consumption will increase 0.25%. Controlling the open space ratio in city region is more effective in energy-saving than suburbs. Controlling the average floor high and residential average area in suburbs is more effective in energy-saving than city. To sum up, housing type variables are more elastic for household energy-saving than urban density, external environmental factors and socio-economic indicators.
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Po-ChingHuang and 黃柏清. "A Case Study on Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Floor Area Bonus Open Spaces in Former Provincial Tainan City." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xcn4dd.
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碩士國立成功大學
都市計劃學系
106
Consider the bonus of floor area and the benefit of open space, it’s important to realize not only the openness but the location of floor area bonus open spaces so that we can evaluate the pros and cons and try to affect the current regulations. This research aims to discuss the implementation of Comprehensive Design Incentive System in former provincial Tainan City and analyzes the spatial distribution of floor area bonus open spaces. This paper uses quantitative methods to describe the distributions of the 103 places of floor area bonus open spaces located in 231 neighborhoods, In addition, we use GIS and regression to examine the correlation of eight neighborhood and site factors with the spatial distribution of these privately owned open spaces. From the compilation of the basic data of open space, we found that the main type of floor area bonus open spaces in former provincial Tainan City is currently the sidewalk, while the distribution of open spaces is similar to the case of Taipei in the literature. For example, there are far more cases in residential areas than commercial areas, cases in the newly-developed area also more than the old urban areas, etc. It can be realized according to the positive correlation between the change in the total population and the negative correlation of the houses ages. This shows that the distribution of floor area bonus open spaces in Tainan was also greatly affected by the real estate market, which is lack of equal response to the neighborhoods that are in demand of open space such as the dense historical urban core and the neighborhoods with higher young and elderly population. Hence, this study attempts to give two recommendations for regulatory improvement and hopes the regional differences can be included in regulations.
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CHUANG, WEI, and 莊偉. "The Impact of Funeral Facilities on the Price of Neighboring Residential Building -A Case Study in Former Provincial Tainan City." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9we94u.
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碩士南臺科技大學
企業管理系
106
NIMBY facilities have public welfare and necessity. Although they can bring positive benefits to the whole society, they will have a substantial or indirect negative impact on neighboring residents. Therefore, it is considered to affect the housing prices in neighboring areas. Funeral public facilities are considered to be the most NIMBY facilities for the general public. However, there are few empirical studies on the impact of funeral facilities on housing prices. This study takes Tainan urban area as the research scope, and uses GIS and 5 years of real estate transaction data to explore the relationship between house prices and the distance from the nearest cemetery, distance to funeral parlors and funeral facilities coverage area. Uses the age of the house, the width of the road, the type of construction, the level of building transfer, the number of rooms, the number of halls, the number of bathrooms, and the management organization as variables, and the regression analysis was used to examine the impact of the distance from the nearest cemetery, distance to funeral parlors, and funeral facilities coverage area on residential prices. The results show that the residential price is significantly negatively correlated with the distance from the nearest cemetery, distance to funeral parlors and funeral facilities coverage area. It means that the farther away from the funeral facilities, the lower the residential price, and the greater the area covered by funeral facilities within one kilometer of real estate, the lower the residential price.
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Po, Li Wen, and 李文博. "A Study on China's Provincial Level Government Reform and Transformation in Government Functions －Taking Shanghai City Government for a Case Study." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28462907122035075480.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
公共管理與社區發展研究所碩士在職專班
90
Abstract This thesis is based on the research of administrative reforms and change of provincial governments in China. Shanghai municipal government has been identified as a case study for the purpose of this thesis, which research methodologies focus on the systems of Shanghai municipal government, associating with literature review and depth interview to conduct an empirical dialogue between reforms of governmental institutions and changes of professional functions. Shanghai municipal government initiated a series of administrative reforms in 2000, which was based on the instruction on the reform of the Department of the State in Central government in 1988. There are four main reasons for Shanghai municipal government as well as other provincial governments in China to carry out reforms as follows: 1. Increasing numbers of redundant employees and governmental officers have caused a heavy burden on the finance of government at all levels. 2. There is an attempt to promote the change of governmental functions with the reforms of institutions. 3. Reforms are set to meet with the demand of market economy. 4. The systems and structures of the Chinese governments needed an intensive change and modification soon after China joins the World Trade Organization. The thesis finds eight significant problems that Shanghai municipality has encountered since her reform in 2000 as follows: 1. The most important mission of the reform is how to utterly reinforce the system of supervision. 2. In response to most lay-off employees transferring to the organizations of ruling party or relevant enterprise companies, governments at all levels would conduct a set of reforms, rather than a piecemeal change, in order to get rid of any possible defects. 3. Facing the global challenge from WTO, the success of reforms in public enterprises depends on whether or not theses enterprises deal with the world trend. 4. The success of the reforms of Shanghai municipality is limited because the reform might cause conflict from those formerly owning the power and benefits. 5. The institutional reforms of Shanghai municipality needs be deemed as a specialty, and her effects are not likely duplicated to other provinces or cities, simply because finance of Shanghai is more abundant than other areas in China. 6. What if China cannot achieve reforms on the system of politics simultaneously, though there is a solid result of reforms on the Shanghai market economy, the deep and contrary problems will emerge when economy grows. At the same time, it is not a good sign, if the social and political change can not meet the world trend. 7. The reason for Shanghai to achieve so many infrastructures in a short period of time is due to the fact that Shanghai is under the autocracy of communist system, rather than from the democracy. 8. The big setback for the reconstructing Shanghai municipality is not from capital perspective, but from how to payback in the future. The thesis offers the evaluation of the effect on the reforms of Shanghai institutions in 2000 as following: 1. Though administrative reforms of the Department of the State is considered as an effective example at organizational level, but it is not likely to provide a model to Shanghai municipality. 2. A tremendous laid-off of the public officers will have made a serious as well as an unavoidable challenge to the political stability. 3. The current network of social welfare in Shanghai is not sufficient to bear the cost of governmental reforms. 4. Adopting an incremental strategy to carry out its reform, China has passed through a stable period of time. However with spanning the scope of its reform, China will face challenge and difficulty in the next phase of reform. Keywords：The Department of the State, Shanghai municipal government、Institutional reform、Incremental change
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Abraham, Zarina. "Investigation into the causes and reasons for service delivery protests in the city of Johannesburg from 2009 until 2014." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26741.
Full textAbstract:
The advent of a political democracy in South Africa in 1994 generated hope for a better life for all South Africans especially those marginalised during the apartheid era. The newly formed democratic government was confronted with the mammoth task of expounding and decreeing policies and processes that would warrant equality and equity in the provision of basic services to its citizens. Local government being the third sphere of government and which is closest to the people was entrusted with the responsibility of rendering basic services to its people as well as to address the backlogs that have accumulated during the apartheid era as depicted in the 1996 Constitution.
Despite the efforts made by government to meet the requirements of the people in providing them with adequate basic services such as clean water, electricity, roads housing and refuse removal, these services were either not provided at all or it was done at a snail‟s pace. This led to widespread service delivery protests.
In light of the above, this empirical study investigates the causes of the service delivery protests in City of Johannesburg (CoJ) from 2009 until 2014. Numerous studies have been pursued to examine the reasons and causes for service delivery protests and the conclusions derived is the slow pace of providing electricity, water and sanitation to the local communities. It therefore can be deduced that no democracy can subsist and prosper if citizens are still living in deprivation and in a state of discrimination and unemployment without them having visions for a better life. The manifestation of service delivery protests is thus a risk to South Africa‟s young democracy and its sustainability, which cannot be ignored.
The findings of this study clearly revealed that communities in the CoJ are discontented and disgruntled because of, amongst other things, the lack of delivery of basic services, the deployment of cadres to municipal management positions, the abuse of the tendering system, nepotism and favouritism, which have negatively affected service delivery.Public Administration and Management
M. Admin. (Public Administration)