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Journal articles on the topic 'Provident funds'
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1
Arbaa, Ofer, and Eva Varon. "Behavior of investor flows in Israeli provident funds." International Journal of Managerial Finance 16, no. 3 (2019): 334–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-08-2018-0247.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the sensitivity of provident fund investors to past performance and how market conditions, changes in risk and liquidity levels influence the net flows into provident funds by using a unique sample from Israel. Design/methodology/approach The study checks the impact of different levels of fund performance on provident fund flows using three alternative proxies for performance: raw return and the risk adjusted returns based on the Sharpe ratio and the Jensen’s α. The analysis relies on the time fixed effect and fund fixed effect regression models. Findings Results reveal that there exists an approximately concave flow–performance relationship and performance persistence among Israeli provident funds. Israeli provident fund investors are risk averse so they overreact to bad performance both in bull and bear markets. Moreover, liquidity is an important factor to influence the flow–performance curve. The investors’ strong negative response to poor performance and relative insensitivity to outperformance show that provident fund managers are not rewarded for their risk-shifting activities as in mutual funds. Originality/value The authors explore the behavior of investor flows in non-institutional retirement savings funds specifically outside of the USA, which is a topic not properly investigated in literature. Moreover, examining inflows and outflows separately gives the authors a richer understanding of investors in pension schemes. This study also enhances the understanding of the impact of fund liquidity on the flow–performance relationship for the retirement funds segment.
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Mhango, M., and N. Dyani. "THE DUTY TO EFFECT AN APPROPRIATE MODE OF PAYMENT TO MINOR PENSION BENEFICIARIES UNDER SCRUTINY IN DEATH CLAIMS." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 12, no. 2 (2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i2a2729.
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his note focuses on the payment into a trust arrangement in favour of a minor beneficiary as contemplated in terms of section 37C (2) of the Pension Funds Act 24 of 1956. The aim is to examine the criteria under which the boards of management of pension funds may deprive a guardian the right to administer benefits on behalf of minor beneficiaries. This examination is conducted within the context of the approach adopted by the Pension Funds Adjudicator in four specific determinations decided prior, but relevant, to the amendments to the Pension Funds Act, where the board in each case unlawfully deprived a guardian of the right to administer death benefits in favour of a minor beneficiary. Therefore, the note will discuss four specific determinations and thereafter comment about the criteria to be used by practitioners. The note argues that these determinations should be welcomed because of their progressive interpretation of the Pension Funds Act and for setting an important precedent for pension fund practitioners and boards. In each case, the Pension Funds Adjudicator found a violation of section 37C. The note also criticises the remedy granted in two of the determinations, namely Moralo v Holcim South African Provident Fund, and Mafe v Barloworld (SA) Retirement Fund Respondent, and argues that the Pension Funds Adjudicator’s ruling on these matters was arbitrary and capricious because it disregarded its own precedent in Lebepe v Premier Foods Provident Fund & Others. We therefore submit that the Pension Funds Adjudicator should have ordered the boards in Moralo vHolcim South African Provident Fund, and Mafe v Barloworld (SA) Retirement Fund Respondent to pay all of the benefits directly to the complainants and guardians in those determinations.
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Xu, Yilan. "Mandatory savings, credit access and home ownership: The case of the housing provident fund." Urban Studies 54, no. 15 (2016): 3446–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016676158.
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Several Asian countries have established savings and loan programs called housing provident funds, which comprise of a voluntary or mandatory savings account and eligibility for discounted mortgage loans. This study evaluates the impact of a mandatory housing provident fund in China on home ownership using the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2009. The empirical results indicate that households enrolled in the program were more likely to own a home since the housing provident fund loans became available in 1998, and such difference was fully explained by the length of the enrolment history which was related to the housing provident fund loan benefits by program design. The success of the housing provident fund was in part attributable to its program designs that feature behavioural economics theories, such as automatic enrolment, mental accounting, and self-discipline. The empirical findings have implications for designing effective housing policies to promote home ownership.
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Chu, Patrick Kuok-kun, and Michael McKenzie. "A Study on Stock-Selection and Market-Timing Performance: Evidence from Hong Kong Mandatory Provident Funds (MPF)." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 11, no. 04 (2008): 617–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091508001507.
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This paper presents the first comprehensive study of the performance and market timing ability of the equity funds that comprise the Hong Kong Mandatory Provident Funds (MPF) scheme. In general, our results suggest that US equity funds consistently underperform relative to the market, while the other fund groups consistently outperform the market. The stock-selection ability of MPF constituent equity funds in times of changing economic condition is also investigated. The evidence is consistent with previous studies, which suggest that the conditional models decrease the individual fund traditional alpha measure. The market timing models of Treynor–Mazuy and Henriksson–Merton provide evidence of superior market timing ability.
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Arbaa, Ofer, and Eva Varon. "Do the Israeli Provident Funds have the Ability to Time the Bond and Stock Markets? An Analysis across Alternative Investments." Accounting and Finance Research 6, no. 2 (2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v6n2p169.
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This paper investigates whether Israeli fund managers possess market-timing ability across asset classes over time, using 15 years of monthly data from the Israeli provident funds. We apply three methodologies based on return based and portfolio holdings approaches. Most of the early return-based timing methods and the most recent portfolio holdings measures suggest that U.S. mutual fund managers do not possess equity timing ability. Our study is the first to test this evidence on multi- asset class provident funds in the Israeli market and compare the timing ability of fund managers in each asset class according to different approaches. We introduce an alternative holdings method that combine the asset allocation theory with that of market timing and use "excess policy" holdings data to predict future market returns. In addition, previous studies mostly ignore the contribution of other instruments to timing decisions, which may cause any conclusions about managers' timing decisions to be incomplete. Hence, we test equity market timing with respect to all markets using a multiple market index model in the holdings approach. In line with previous research, our empirical results indicate significantly negative market timing in domestic equities according to all the measures used. On the other hand, provident fund managers on average seem to display some timing ability for government bonds.
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Wang, Kangmao. "Rationale and Strategy for Expansion of Singapore Stock Market." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 03, no. 01 (2000): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091500000042.
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This study provides an overview of the growth of the securities industry in Singapore. It discovers that the shrinking turnover attributes to the downfall IPO size, which in turn causes decreasing funds raised through the equity issuance. The analysis reveals a negative correlation between the stock market turnover and CPF (central provident fund) withdrawal. The study then discloses that domestic funds continue to be the main source to be invested in Singapore's stock market. It is concluded that the most effective measure to accelerate Singapore's effort in becoming a regional financial center is to attract more foreign funds and regional companies for listing on the Stock Exchange of Singapore.
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Tang, Kai Hong, Tang,. "A Study of Aging Population and Central Provident Fund System in Macao." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 8, no. 1 (2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v8i1.12622.
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The world's overall fertility rate is declining while the life expectancy is increasing, the population structure is aging, the dependency ratio in Macao will steadily increase to 38.6% at the end of 2031. The median age of Macao is rising from Aged 38.1 to 45.5 during the period of 2011 to 2031. In this view, Macao becomes the aging society.In order to establish a basis for the establishment of a central provident fund system, the Macao SAR Government implemented the central savings system in 2009 through the General Rules for the Establishment and Management of Individual Accounts of the Central Savings System through Administrative Regulation No. 31/2009 to allocate funds for eligible account holders, Subsequently, the Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) promulgated the Act "Non-mandatory Central Provident Fund System".
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KOH, BENEDICT S. K., OLIVIA S. MITCHELL, TOTO TANUWIDJAJA, and JOELLE FONG. "Investment patterns in Singapore's Central Provident Fund System." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 7, no. 1 (2007): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747207003253.
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AbstractRising elderly life expectancies imply the need to accumulate sufficient savings for retirement. This paper investigates the role of recent changes in the investment menu of the Singaporean Central Provident Fund (CPF) system. Our research explores the investment patterns of CPF participants and articulates their implications for policymakers. We find that most investors use their money for housing purchase and default the remainder to the CPF investment pool. The bulk of non-housing saving sits in bank accounts paying a low return. A fraction of workers does elect outside investment products, with high-income earners and males taking more risk than low-income earners and females. Since workers who default their money to the CPF fund receive a guaranteed 2.5% return on the Ordinary Account and 4% on the Special Account, hurdle rates for money market and equity funds are substantial. These high hurdle rates help explain why few CPF account holders invest outside the default government investment pool, though inertia probably explains why many employees let their funds sit in bank accounts earning low interest rates. More attention could be devoted to lowering fund expenses and commissions, including the myriad of fees, expenses, loads, and wrap charges; it might also be beneficial to streamline and rationalize the investment menu offered to participants.
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Kumar, S. S. S. "Sensex and Nifty Indices: Are They the Right Benchmarks for Mutual Funds in India?" Jindal Journal of Business Research 7, no. 1 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278682118761686.
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Recently two significant developments took place in the Indian capital markets: (a) SEBI’s decision making it mandatory for all mutual funds to disclose the scheme returns against a common benchmark index such as Nifty or Sensex and (b) Employee’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) is permitted to invest a part of their funds into stock market through the exchange-traded fund (ETF) route, particularly SBI Sensex and SBI Nifty ETFs. Both the developments are tied by a common concept that stock market indices such as Nifty and Sensex are passive without any statistically significant alpha. In the fund management industry, alpha is a measure of the risk-adjusted excess returns from a portfolio that can be attributed to the stock-picking skills of a fund manager. In this article, an attempt is made to examine for the presence of significant alphas in the returns of both the indices. The results of the study indicate that both the indices have statistically significant excess returns, raising questions on their suitability to act as reference and/or benchmarks for evaluating performance of mutual funds in India. Further, the study examined the returns of Sensex and Nifty index ETFs and observed a statistically significant alpha. The results of the study have important implications not only for the index construction companies but also to the policymakers who are advocating investment of considerable amounts of provident fund money into stock market through ETFs linked to Sensex and Nifty. Index maintenance companies have to re-design the indices so that they remain passive and the EPFO Administration may rethink their decision to invest in the existing ETFs linked to the Sensex and Nifty indices, and should consider constructing a well-diversified stock portfolio that is truly passive so that their mandate to get exposure only to market risk is fulfilled.
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Pradeep Kumar, B., and R. Ramya. "Ownership Pattern of Public Debt in India: A Study." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, no. 3 (2020): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i3.2428.
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To bridge the inevitable gap between the expenditure and revenue of governments, public debt has been resorted to increasingly by the government all over the world. In India, too, public debt has been reckoned as a device though which governments attempt to garner enough resources for both developmental and non-developmental activities. The present paper looks into the change and pattern in the ownership of public debt in India in recent years. In recent times, there has been a slight decline in the State government securities issued in India. Provident Funds have become dominant and permanent owners of state government securities in Indi, especially in recent times. Commercial banks in India are the main owners of GOI dated securities. Half of the T-Bills have been held by the Commercial Banks in the country. Mutual Funds also have been buying the Treasury Bills on a large scale. Provident Funds (PFs) do not seem to be interested in engaging in Treasury Bills operations in the country.
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Shen, Tsui, and Zhang. "Volatility Timing in CPF Investment Funds in Singapore: Do They Outperform Non-CPF Funds?" Risks 7, no. 4 (2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks7040106.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the volatility-timing performance of Singapore-based funds under the Central Provident Fund (CPF) Investment Scheme and non-CPF linked funds by taking into account the currency risk effect on internationally managed funds. In particular, we empirically assess whether the funds under the CPF Investment Scheme outperform non-CPF funds by examining the volatility-timing performance associated with these funds. The volatility-timing ability of CPF funds will provide the CPF board with a new method for risk classification. We employ the GARCH models and modified factor models to capture the response of funds to market abnormal conditional volatility including the weekday effect. The SMB and HML factors for non-US based funds are constructed from stock market data to exclude the contribution of the size effect and the BE/ME effect. The results show that volatility timing is one of the factors contributing to the excess return of funds. However, funds’ volatility-timing seems to be country-specific. Most of the Japanese equity funds and global equity funds under the CPF Investment Scheme are found to have the ability of volatility timing. This finding contrasts with the existing studies on Asian, ex-Japan funds and Greater China funds. Moreover, there is no evidence that funds under the CPF Investment Scheme show a better group performance of volatility timing.
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KUMARA, AJANTHA SISIRA, and WADE PFAU. "REFORMING PENSION FUNDS IN SRI LANKA: INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION AND THE EMPLOYEES' PROVIDENT FUND." Australian Economic Papers 51, no. 1 (2012): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2012.00420.x.
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Lindeman, David C. "Provident funds in Asia: Some lessons for pension reformers." International Social Security Review 55, no. 4 (2002): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00138.
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Chong, Shyue Chuan, Han Kok Heng, Siok Jin Lim, Vejaratnam Navaratnam, and Andaeus Zun Khan Neoh. "Financial Risk Tolerance: The Case of Older Chinese in Klang Valley, Malaysia 2020." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p1.
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Ageing demographic profiles pose challenges to the nation as policymakers are concerned about the health, public pension and the financial management of the society. In Malaysia, retirees are mostly dependent on savings from the Employees Provident Fund (EPF), a government agency that manages savings and retirement plans for private-sector employees and non-pensionable public servants. Many Malaysians aged past the targeted retirement age of 60 years old chose to remain in the workforce, mainly due to insufficient retirement funds or has depleted their retirement funds in a short period. To ensure sufficient funds to attain an ideal retirement life, Malaysians resort to invest or seek business opportunities. Thus, this paper studies the impact of demographic characteristics (sex, age, and educational level) and finance characteristics (financial knowledge and financial satisfaction) on the risk tolerance among older Malaysian Chinese in the year 2020. The results of this study showed that the older Malaysian Chinese risk tolerance is highly influenced by sex, age, education level, financial knowledge and financial satisfaction.
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Chong, Shyue Chuan, Han Kok Heng, Siok Jin Lim, Vejaratnam Navaratnam, and Andaeus Zun Khan Neoh. "Financial Risk Tolerance: The Case of Older Chinese in Klang Valley, Malaysia 2020." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p1.
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Ageing demographic profiles pose challenges to the nation as policymakers are concerned about the health, public pension and the financial management of the society. In Malaysia, retirees are mostly dependent on savings from the Employees Provident Fund (EPF), a government agency that manages savings and retirement plans for private-sector employees and non-pensionable public servants. Many Malaysians aged past the targeted retirement age of 60 years old chose to remain in the workforce, mainly due to insufficient retirement funds or has depleted their retirement funds in a short period. To ensure sufficient funds to attain an ideal retirement life, Malaysians resort to invest or seek business opportunities. Thus, this paper studies the impact of demographic characteristics (sex, age, and educational level) and finance characteristics (financial knowledge and financial satisfaction) on the risk tolerance among older Malaysian Chinese in the year 2020. The results of this study showed that the older Malaysian Chinese risk tolerance is highly influenced by sex, age, education level, financial knowledge and financial satisfaction.
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Rajeswari Vaskula, Dr, and Raju Gandham. "Factors Influencing the Investment Decision of Investors in Hanumakonda District." Shanlax International Journal of Management 9, S1-Mar (2022): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v9is1-mar.4889.
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Investment behaviour refers to the attitude, perception and willingness of the individuals and institutions while placing their savings in various types of financial assets. Personal disposable income of the household is divided between consumption and savings. Savings may be idle or active. Savings becomes active, when it is canalized into return bearing avenues. So, the main objective of the study is to analyze the factors influencing the investment decision variables on investment behaviour of Investors in Hanumakonda district. The data is collected through structured questionnaire on simple random sampling technique and distributed to 384 investors in Hanumakonda district. It was found from the research analysis that age, educational qualification and annual income effecting the investment decision of investor’s investment avenues like equity and stocks, bonds and debentures, mutual funds, bank deposits, post office, public provident fund, life insurance, real estate, chit funds and gold/silver.
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Ho, Lusina. "Mandatory Provident Funds in Hong Kong: Too Little, Too Late." Asian Journal of Public Administration 23, no. 1 (2001): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02598272.2001.10800382.
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Yee, Lionel D. S. "Provident funds and investment in developing countries in the Pacific." International Social Security Review 47, no. 1 (1994): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-246x.1994.tb01100.x.
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Dr. G. Balamurugan and V Sivanesan. "Financial Investment Pattern and Preference of College Professors at Trichy City." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 12, no. 3 (2022): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.12.3.28.
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Financial Investments are the commitments that are made by individuals with any financial and non-financial instruments for gaining a better and profitable return in future for a particular objective. The financial and non-financial investment instruments act as a medium or a driving tool for investment decisions of individuals. From the available investment avenues one must select the appropriate one that he feels safer or good to invest. The person who is going to make investments should be aware of all knowledge about investments and should be aware of how it is going to fulfil his objective. The person who is investing should be known of all the investment avenues available for making investments. Such avenues are employee provident fund, public provident fund, mutual funds, insurance, bank deposits, real estate, gold, stock market. This study is about to analyse the investment pattern of college professors and their attitude towards investment avenues. It also aims to identify the reason behind making investment and to find their objective for making investment. It helps to find the behaviour of individuals while making investments. Further this study helps to find the relationship of various demographic factors of the respondents and factors associated while making investment decisions. Such factors include time period of their investment, investment avenues, risk factors, returns etc.
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Koh, Benedict S. K., and Olivia S. Mitchell. "What's on the menu? Included versus excluded investment funds for Singapore's Central Provident Fund investors." Pensions: An International Journal 15, no. 4 (2010): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/pm.2010.29.
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McKinnon, Roddy. "The public management of national provident funds for state‐led development." International Journal of Public Sector Management 9, no. 1 (1996): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513559610109457.
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Dixon, John. "A Comparative Perspective On Provident Funds: Their Present And Future Explored." Journal of International and Comparative Social Welfare 5, no. 2 (1989): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17486838908412682.
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Richard Albert Gontusan, Caroline Geetha, and Azizi @ Azaze Abdul Adis. "DETERMINANTS THAT INFLUENCE THE ACTUAL BEHAVIOUR TO INVEST IN UNIT TRUST FUNDS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE ATTRIBUTES OF THE SALESPERSON." Malaysian Journal of Business and Economics (MJBE) 7, no. 2 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/mjbe.vi.2878.
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Despite the inherent and much-publicised benefits of investing in unit trust funds, not everyone is investing in them. Investing in unit trust funds, which is open to everyone, offers the investor, at low risks, returns which are potentially higher than those of savings, fixed deposit or even Employees Provident Fund. The relatively higher returns from unit trust investments could help the investor secure a more financially sound future, especially when it comes to his or her retirement. Based on observations, given the same socio-economic backgrounds, some people are more willing to invest in unit trust funds compared to others. Many probable factors are influencing a person’s decision to invest in unit trust funds. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Trait Theory, this study aims to identify and examine those factors, especially the role of the salesperson, which can influence the intention to invest in unit trust funds, thus contributing to the body of knowledge about the Theory of Planned Behaviour in this regards. It is hoped that the findings of this study could help unit trust companies and other relevant parties design a more effective approach in encouraging more Malaysians to invest in unit trust funds and help them secure a more financially sound future. Data will be collected through a questionnaire by way of purposive sampling. Based on Cochran’s formula, 500 questionnaires will be distributed throughout Sabah, the sample population. The Independent Variables identified are attitude, subjective norm, a salesperson’s attributes and perceived behavioural control while the dependent variable is behaviour to invest in the unit trust. A pilot study on the questionnaire, which has been converted into Google form, had been distributed. A total of 44 complete questionnaires were considered for analysis, following which all the questions contained in the questionnaire passed the Cronbach’s Alpha Test for reliability.
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Gomes, José Menezes. "FUNDOS DE PENSÃO, CAPITAL ESTATAL E NEODESENVOLVIMENTISMO." Revista Políticas Públicas 18 (August 5, 2014): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v18nep155-159.
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O artigo analisa os limites da concepção de desenvolvimento econômico decorrente da mudança do cenário internacional, desde 2003, com a alteração do fluxo internacional de capitais para os países subdesenvolvidos, acompanhado da expansão chinesa e valorização das commodities. Destaca o papel atribuído aos fundos de pensãopelo governo Lula da Silva para justificar a Contrarreforma da Previdência. Aborda o papel do BNDES e o subsídio ao grande capital. Demarca a queda da taxa básica nos EUA e seus impactos sobre a economia brasileira. Argumenta que o pagamento de juros e amortização da dívida pública se converteu no mecanismo através do qual o Estado retira recursosdos trabalhadores, através de impostos diretos e indiretos e os remete aos banqueiros e fundos de pensão. Enfatiza a generalização do neoliberalismo, visando resolver a crise capitalista através da renegociação da dívida externa, das aberturas comercial e financeira, das privatizações.Palavras-chave: Fluxo internacional de capitais, fundos de pensão, neoliberalismo, dívida pública.PENSION FUNDS, STATE-OWNED CAPITAL AND NEO-DEVELOPMENTISMAbstract: The article analyzes the limits of conception of economic development arising from the change of the international scenery, since 2003, with the alteration of the international flux of capitals to the sub-developed countries, accompanied of chinese expansion and commodities’ appreciation. It highlights the assigned role to the pension funds by Lula da Silva’s government to justify the counter-reform of the Provident Funds. It approaches the role of BNDES and the subsidy tothe grand capital. Demarcates the fall of the basic tax in the USA and its impacts on the Brazilian economy. Argues that the payment of taxes and the amortization of the public debt was converted in the mechanism through which the State withdraw resources from workers, through the direct and indirect taxes and refer those to the bankers and pension funds.Emphasizes the generalization of neoliberalism, seeking to resolve the capitalist crisis through the renegotiation of external debt, of the commercial and financial openings, and of privatizations.Keywords: International flux of capitals, pension funds, neoliberalism, public debt.
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Kaur, Prabhdeep, and Jaspal Singh. "Impact of ETF Listing on the Returns Generated by Underlying Stocks: Indian Evidence." Management and Labour Studies 46, no. 3 (2021): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x21991015.
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The advent of exchange traded funds (ETFs) has rendered index trading much affordable compared to their futures counterparts. The present study attempts to examine the impact of ETF listing on the price of the constituent securities of the index that it aims to track. The sample comprises of all the equity ETFs listed in India from 1 January 2002 to 31 March 2019. Event study analysis has been used to examine whether listing of ETFs bore any price impact on the constituent stocks of ETFs. To account for robustness, both parametric and non-parametric tests have been employed. The estimates obtained from event study analysis revealed that the constituent stocks generated insignificant returns for the period extending from January 2002 to March 2009 and April 2009 to March 2013 but positive and significant cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) post ETF listing for the period ranging from April 2013 to March 2019, thus providing evidence in support of positive price impact. The permission granted to pension funds, insurers and Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) to invest their funds in ETFs as well as reduction in Securities Transaction Tax (STT) account for the observed price differential. An analysis of the factors accounting for the variation in valuation effects ascertained that the stocks that were traded thinly prior to ETF listing and those forming part of ETFs with larger asset base experienced positive price impact following ETF listing. JEL Codes: G11, G14
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Wong, Ricky S., Magda Osman, Wai Hung Wong, Yiling Lin, and Kasper Ho. "Saving for a Better Retirement: How Risk Attitudes Affect Choice of Retirement Scheme." Psychological Reports 122, no. 1 (2018): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118755093.
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Over 3 million people in Hong Kong and 21 million people in the UK are saving for retirement under the mandatory provident fund and individual savings account schemes, respectively. Yet, we know little about how individual preferences, such as risk attitudes (risk-seeking and risk-averse) that are known to impact highly consequential decisions in a variety of real-world contexts, impact retirement investment choices. In two experimental studies (Study 1—Hong Kong sample and Study 2—United Kingdom sample), we show that personal risk attitudes were a strong predictor of the profile of retirement investment portfolios. Specially, risk-averse people allocated more of their savings to low-risk funds than risk-seeking people. The pattern of findings is consistent in both Hong Kong mandatory and the UK voluntary retirement investment schemes. These findings are considered in light of policy decisions made in Hong Kong retirement and UK pension schemes.
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BROWN, JEFFREY, STEVEN HABERMAN, MOSHE MILEVSKY, and MIKE ORSZAG. "Overview of the Issue." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 1, no. 3 (2002): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747202001154.
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This is the final issue of the first volume of the Journal of Pension Economics and Finance. We are pleased that the Journal has had a very successful first year, both in terms of the quality of submissions and in terms of building up an extensive and high quality subscription base. We will report in more detail on our first year as well as our plans for the future in the first issue of the second volume.The four articles in this issue span a broad range of topics. The first article is by David McCarthy (Oxford University, Institute of Ageing), Olivia Mitchell (University of Pennsylvania, Pension Research Council) and John Piggott (University of New South Wales, Centre for Pensions and Superannuation) who have written a paper entitled: Asset rich and cash poor: retirement provision and housing policy in Singapore.As mandatory defined contribution systems are increasingly adopted around the world, the experience in Singapore is particularly relevant in that its Central Provident Fund (CPF) is one of the oldest major international examples of a mandatory defined contribution pension system. With funds representing roughly 60% of Singapore's GDP, the CPF is also one of the most prominent publicly managed investment funds in the world.The particular focal point of the McCarthy et al. paper is the effect of rules in Singapore which allow individuals to use their accumulated funds to pay for housing. The use of retirement savings vehicles for approved purposes, such as medical care, education and unemployment, is an important policy issue, with most countries continuing to have strict prohibitions on drawing funds prior to retirement.
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Kaur, Amrinder. "Factors influencing investors’ decision and pattern of investments: An empirical study in Delhi-NCR." VEETHIKA-An International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 8, no. 3 (2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/veethika.2022.08.03.002.
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Financial markets now operate quite differently. Due to the vast array of savings and investment firms, the products they offer, the terms and conditions of investments, and the numerous complicated laws and regulations that are in place, investing money has become a highly complex process. Most of the investors, despite the remarkable growth of economy and high-income levels living in metropolitan cities are found unaware about investment avenues and rules and regulations. The present study is an attempt to analyse the awareness level of people in Delhi NCR about various investment avenues on the basis of their demographic profile. On the basis of chain-referral sampling, the research was done by employing a structured questionnaire from 260 sample respondents using Google Form. The study's results show that individuals are quite knowledgeable about bank deposit plans, which are followed by life insurance plans, post office savings plans, and provident funds. Conversely, people know very little about demat services, the stock market, and mutual funds.
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Dyani, Ntombizozuko, and Mtendeweka Owen Mhango. "How Could the Pension Funds Adjudicator Get it so Wrong A Critique of Smith v Eskom Pension and Provident Fund." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 2 (2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i2a2646.
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In this case note the judgment in the Smith case is criticized for being inconsistent with the landmark ruling in Volks. It is argued that the Adjudicator ought to have remanded the matter in Smith to the Board and ought to have ordered it to re-examine its discretion with a focus on a set of factors. Some of the negative effects of Smith on the pension funds industry are also outlined. While the authors express their understanding that the Adjudicator's decision in Smith was made with the rights of women in mind, they believe that her reasoning was wrong. She may have arrived at the same decision on different reasoning. In order to prevent the negative effects of Smith on the pension funds industry, it is recommended that the Adjudicator, when given an opportunity, should overrule the precedent set in Smith. Failure to do so would create the risk of the inconsistent application of the term "spouse" under South African law, or at the very least in relation to acts of Parliament administered by the National Treasury, which may potentially violate the equality provisions of the Constitution.
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Rahman, Rahayu Abdul, Asheq Rahman, Erlane K. Ghani, and Normah Hj Omar. "Government-Linked Investment Companies and Real Earnings Management: Malaysian Evidence." International Journal of Financial Research 10, no. 3 (2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v10n3p299.
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This study examines the association between government-linked investment companies’ (GLICs’) shareholdings and real earnings management activities in Malaysia. Consistent with prior research, this study uses three proxies to measure real earnings management; abnormal cash flow from operations (RCFO), abnormal production costs (RPC), and abnormal discretionary expenses (RDE). This study segregates GLICs’ shareholdings into two categories; Federal Government Pension Investment Funds (FGPIF) and other GLICs (OFGLIC). Using a sample of 213 firm-year observations of Malaysian government-linked companies from 2010 to 2015, this study finds that FGPIF is a more effective monitoring mechanism than OFGLIC in limiting real earnings management. The findings also show that there is a significant and negative relationship between Employee Provident Fund (EPF), Khazanah Nasional Berhad (Khazanah), Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB) and RCFO and RPC. The evidence suggests that these three are the most effective government institutional investors in promoting corporate governance, which in turn limit real earning management activities in Malaysia. In general, the findings support the incentive alignment hypothesis, which argues that companies with government intervention are normally better governed.
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Dixon, John. "National Provident Funds: The Challenge of Harmonizing Their Social Security, Social and Economic Objectives." Review of Policy Research 12, no. 1-2 (1993): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1993.tb00517.x.
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Singh, Rudra Pratap. "A Study of Investors’ Perception on The Preference Over Tax Savings Options." Stallion Journal for Multidisciplinary Associated Research Studies 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/sjmars.1.1.1.
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For both salaried and businesspeople, the tax-saving season begins on April 1st. As a wise investor, you should seek out tax-saving assets that not only give tax benefits but also allow you to generate tax-free income. With the plethora of investment options available for investors for tax saving, it becomes increasingly difficult to choose a right option. Tax preparation, on the other hand, is a do-it-later issue for the majority of investors. Tax saving is the legitimate way to save the tax out go and every income tax assesse should exercise the option to increase their wealth. The paper aims to analyse the invertors’ perception towards tax saving options from most popular 80C and 80 (CCD) 1B from Gujarat region. The tax saving options considered are Tax saving fixed deposit, National saving certificates, public provident fund, Tax saving mutual funds, Life insurance, National Pension System (NPS), pension policies and Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY). The study revealed that life insurance, PPF and fixed deposit are the most preferred investment options and NPS and SSY are the least preferred options for tax saving.
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Ubaidillah, Muhammad, Mohd Adib Ismail, and Mohd Ali Mohd Noor. "The Waqf Integrated Financial Instrument of Pension Model in Malaysian Social Security: A Conceptual Proposition." Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research 17, no. 1 (2020): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jmifr.v17i1.259.
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The ageing population trend is a problem for almost all countries in the world. In Malaysia, the issue is exacerbated by insufficient employee savings to face retirement. The majority of Malaysian employees have savings no more other than mandatory savings of the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) account. On the other hand, waqf has many roles in the country’s economic development as it helps to improve welfare of the community. This paper aims to connect the gap between pension and waqf issues through a new proposed Waqf Based Pension Model. This study uses descriptive analysis to propose a Waqf Based Pension Model. This study employs library research approach to collect secondary data from journal articles, books, reports, and websites that contain existing pension schemes and waqf. This new model improves weaknesses in the existing pension scheme using annuity-based calculations. This study finds that productive waqf assets may be used to generate greater profits. In addition, waqf funds are then allocated to build the infrastructure needed by the community such as health services, education, housing, transportation and religious facilities. The new Waqf Based Pension Model is expected to be supported and applied by the government and the community.
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Bidabad, Bijan. "Joint stock company with variable capital (JSCVC)." International Journal of Law and Management 56, no. 4 (2014): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-09-2012-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose joint stock company with variable capital (JSCVC), as financial sharing funds and banks necessitate that their capital and number of shareholders be instantaneously variable. Legal personality and accounts clearing of this type of corporations are different from conventional companies. Design/methodology/approach – JSCVC is a corporation in which capital and shares of shareholders vary by new entrance or withdrawal of shareholders at any point of time. Findings – Interest rate-based calculations were removed and Rastin Sharing Accounting was applied for JSCVS. Shareholders of JSCVC share the company’s nominal capital proportional to nominal values of their shares. Financial outcome of JSCVC is proportional to values of shares weighted by shares duration of participation. Research limitations/implications – To prevent spoiling of shareholders’ rights, legal procedure of issuing shares for JSCVC should be defined in compliance with domestic commerce laws in any country. Practical implications – JSCVC can be used by majority of investment funds, credit unions, saving and loan associations, pension and provident funds, thrift saving plans as well as Islamic banks and financial sharing activities. In JSCVC, deposit at a bank is treated as a share of the company (bank). Social implications – JSCVC has fair profit distribution and accounts clearing arrangements. Originality/value – Different variable capital companies have been defined in many countries’ laws, but essential modifications are presented in JSCVC definition to regulate financial sharing arrangements and bank’s performances.
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Sanders, A. J. "Securitisation and Other Financing Options Available to Life Companies." British Actuarial Journal 6, no. 4 (2000): 737–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700001987.
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ABSTRACTUntil relatively recently life companies generally met their capital needs either from internal resources or by means of equity capital provided by shareholders. However, the financial pressures on life operations have led to more innovative alternatives being used. In response to these pressures different forms of capital support from reinsurers, banks or other group funds or companies have been developed. In April 1998 National Provident Institution (NPI) became the first life company to issue bonds to investors secured on the future profits expected to arise from part of its existing life business. This paper discusses: financing options available to life companies; the terms of NPI's securitisation; the relative merits of different financing and capital management alternatives; alternative forms of capital support; the implications for policyholders and their interests; and actuarial issues arising from the different forms of financing.
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허만형. "An Institutional Analysis on Provident Funds across Asia and Africa - Exploring a Typology of Pension Regimes -." Korean Governance Review 21, no. 3 (2014): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17089/kgr.2014.21.3.002.
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Hirpara, Saloni Atulbhai, Mamata B. Rajgor, and Devang A. Shah. "Online DBMS for Improving Labor Availability and Access to Labor Welfare Schemes." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 6631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.6631ecst.
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In India, the construction industry contributes more than 5% of the country’s GDP and 78 percent of gross capital creation. On the other hand, projects are becoming more complicated daily, necessitating new approaches to achieve good long-term construction work. Since the building industry is a labor-intensive industry, overcoming labor shortages has proven difficult. The project manager and other professionals want to finish the job on time, but labor shortages cause time and cost overruns. Furthermore, concerns about worker safety, financial incentives, and the lack of access to provident funds (PF) and employee state insurance (ESI) have caused young people to lose interest in the construction industry. This study examines and reviews the definition of labor scarcity, problems in access to labor welfare schemes, and labor protection policies in the construction industry and recommends the most effective and appropriate mitigation steps to address these issues.
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Chu, Patrick Kuok-Kun. "Relationship between macroeconomic variables and net asset values (NAV) of equity funds: Cointegration evidence and vector error correction model of the Hong Kong Mandatory Provident Funds (MPFs)." Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 21, no. 5 (2011): 792–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2011.06.003.
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Kpessa, Michael W. "Provident Funds Pension Programs in English-Speaking Sub-Saharan Africa: A Look in the Rear Mirror and Lessons for the Future." Poverty & Public Policy 3, no. 3 (2011): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1944-2858.1159.
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Kiggundu, Amin Tamale. "Constraints to Urban Planning and Management of Secondary Towns in Uganda." Indonesian Journal of Geography 46, no. 1 (2014): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.4986.
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Many towns in Uganda are growing at an unprecedented rate. By 2030 more than 50% of Ugandans will beliving in urban centres. This rapid growth of urban centres in Uganda provides for economic opportunities for manyurban residents. It also poses various challenges such as urban sprawl, emergence of informal settlements as well asurban poverty. Over 60% of the urban residents in Uganda live in the informal settlements with no basic services andinfrastructure such as piped water, decent housing, good roads, sewerage systems as well as schools and health centres.This paper aims to examine and understand the constraints to urban planning and management of secondary towns inUganda. Using an eclectic mix of research methods such as face to face interviews targeting key informants, a questionnairesurvey as well as observation, the study found that the current modernist planning approach has not achieved itsintended goal of promoting orderly urban development and improve service delivery in the secondary towns. The studyalso revealed that the urban residents are rarely involved in planning. Besides, there is an apparent mismatch betweenwhat is taught at the local planning schools and what is required in terms of planning in the secondary towns. To addressthese intractable urban challenges, it is critical that the current planning education and curriculum are reviewed to producecreative and imaginative planners that can respond more effectively to the community problems, adopt a strategyto promote strategic spatial planning that is more participatory, carry out public awareness campaigns about the need forproper planning of towns and adopt a strategy for promoting innovative funding programmes such as municipal bonds,use of the stock exchange to mobilise the required investable funds, allow the private sector to access institutional fundssuch as the employee provident fund and promote public-private partnerships.
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Dai, Huali, Mengru Zhang, Qiaopan Xu, and Yunshuang Nong. "The Current State of Development of The Real Estate Sector in The Context of The New Crown Epidemic and The Direction of Subsequent Development." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 5, no. 3 (2022): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v5i3.2036.
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In February 2020, the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank published articles emphasising the positioning of "no speculation in housing" and not using real estate as a means of short-term economic stimulation, and promoting the improvement of the basic economic housing security system; various places made policy adjustments in respect of housing provident funds and land rentals, etc. Policy adjustments were made in various areas such as housing fund and land concessions. The impact of the new epidemic has increased China's fiscal spending, and the real estate economy, as a source of revenue, plays an integral role in the country's socio-economic development. The arrival of the epidemic will also have a serious impact on our economy, with consumer habits changing; the erratic nature of the epidemic will make people more inclined to "tighten their belts" and use their assets for emergencies, and the real estate industry will cool down as a result. In the era of rapid development of big data, the real estate industry is getting a more systematic and comprehensive data and provides a different perspective for its subsequent development direction, and a more objective understanding of the current situation of the real estate industry under the influence of the epidemic. This study is based on the Newcastle pneumonia epidemic and uses big data networks to understand the current economic development of the real estate sector, and to analyse and deduce the subsequent development of the real estate sector and the direction of adjustment in accordance with the current situation, in order to promote the steady development of the real estate economy and thus reduce the impact of the Newcastle epidemic on the national economy and revenue growth.
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Bashar, Farzana, Rubana Islam, Shaan Muberra Khan, et al. "Making doctors stay: Rethinking doctor retention policy in a contracted-out primary healthcare setting in urban Bangladesh." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (2022): e0262358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262358.
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Background “Contracting Out” is a popular strategy to expand coverage and utilization of health services. Bangladesh began contracting out primary healthcare services to NGOs in urban areas through the Urban Primary Health Care Project (UPHCP) in 1998. Over the three phases of this project, retention of trained and skilled human resources, especially doctors, proved to be an intractable challenge. This paper highlights the issues influencing doctor’s retention both in managerial as well as service provision level in the contracted-out setting. Methodology In this qualitative study, 42 Key Informant Interviews were undertaken with individuals involved with UPHCP in various levels including relevant ministries, project personnel representing the City Corporations and municipalities, NGO managers and doctors. Verbatim transcripts were coded in ATLAS.ti and analyzed using the thematic analysis. Document review was done for data triangulation. Results The most cited problem was a low salary structure in contrast to public sector pay scale followed by a dearth of other financial incentives such as performance-based incentives, provident funds and gratuities. Lack of career ladder, for those in both managerial and service delivery roles, was also identified as a factor hindering staff retention. Other disincentives included inadequate opportunities for training to improve clinical skills, ineffective staffing arrangements, security issues during night shifts, abuse from community members in the context of critical patient management, and lack of job security after project completion. Conclusions An adequate, efficient and dedicated health workforce is a pre-requisite for quality service provision and patient utilization of these services. Improved career development opportunities, the provision of salaries and incentives, and a safer working environment are necessary actions to retain and motivate those serving in managerial and service delivery positions in contracting out arrangements.
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Istianah, Istianah, and Johanna Debora Imelda. "THE SOCIAL PROTECTION RIGHTS FROM PRE & POST-PLACEMENT WOMEN MIGRANT WORKERS PERPECTIVE." Indonesian Journal of Social Work 4, no. 1 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31595/ijsw.v4i1.288.
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Migrant workers’ social protection rights include the rights to access healthcare services, medication, social services, and social security. Social security branch applicable for migrant workers are for instance social insurance, universal coverage, provident funds, individual private accounts, employer-liability schemes, and social assistance. Indramayu as the highest migrant workers sender district until April 2019, is also a district with the highest complaint in 2018 and several cases related to social protection. With 148 total cases reported from Indramayu leads to the question of whether women migrant workers from Indramayu understand social protection and its function to protect them and prevent them from poverty. Therefore, this study aims at providing an overview pertaining social protection rights to migrant workers based on the perspective of pre and post-placement women migrant workers from Indramayu District with Hongkong, China as the host country. This is historical-comparative qualitative study with purposive sampling to 10 pre and post-placement women migrant workers. The findings demonstrated that social security obtained by the women migrant workers from Indramayu is social insurance from the home country and healthcare insurance for workers from the host country. At the host country, women migrant workers are protected with healthcare insurance from the employer while at the home country, women migrant workers are protected with social insurance for migrant workers known as BPJS Ketenagakerjaan TKI, whose occupational injury and death insurance schemes are mandatory for all migrant workers. For women migrant workers, healthcare insurance in the host country is much more crucial than BPJS for TKI. It is expected from the findings of this study could be considered by the stakeholders of migrant workers to enhance and to extend the coverage of protection for migrant workers especially woman migrant workers.
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NI, FANYI. "Research on the Focus of Debate and Reform Direction of Housing Provident Fund System Based on Common Prosperity." Theory and Practice of Social Science 4, no. 3 (2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6914/tpss.040305.
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After more than 30 years of development, the housing provident fund system has made remarkable achievements. As an important part of China's social security system, it has gradually become the focus and hot spot of hundreds of millions of workers across the country. With the continuous acceleration of China's economic development and the leap forward improvement of people's living standards, housing provident fund management departments at all levels have done a lot of work in order to meet the housing needs of the majority of employees, around the improvement of the system, give full play to the role of institutional housing security, and strive to improve the housing consumption capacity of the majority of employees. Building a well-established housing provident fund system is not only the responsibility of the housing provident fund management departments at all levels, but also the due meaning of realizing the great goal of common prosperity of the whole nation. This paper will take "common prosperity" as the research background, take the current development status of China's housing provident fund system as the research subject, explore the disputes and deficiencies of China's housing provident fund system under the background of common prosperity, and put forward some feasible reform suggestions to promote the higher quality development of housing provident fund.
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Oehler, Andreas, Andreas Höfer, Matthias Horn, and Stefan Wendt. "Do mutual fund ratings provide valuable information for retail investors?" Studies in Economics and Finance 35, no. 1 (2018): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-05-2017-0120.
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Purpose Retail investors use information provided by mutual fund rating agencies to make investment decisions. This paper aims to examine whether the ratings provide useful information to retail investors by analyzing the rating migration and closure risk of mutual funds that received Morningstar’s mutual fund ratings from 2005 to 2012. Design/methodology/approach The research design differentiates between buy-and-hold investment strategies and dynamic investment strategies. To assess the information content of mutual fund ratings for buy-and-hold investment strategies, the rating migration based on the first and the last mutual fund rating during two-, four-, six- and eight-year horizons is determined. With respect to dynamic investment strategies, the number of rating changes per fund on a monthly basis during these time horizons is calculated. Findings Mutual fund rating persistence is low or even inexistent, in particular, during longer time periods. Only for lower-rated funds, the rating appears to indicate higher risk of fund closure. In addition, mutual funds face a large number of up to 38 monthly rating changes in the eight-year window. Originality/value Mutual fund rating persistence has hardly been analyzed for funds offered to retail investors so far. This paper clearly points out that because of the extensive rating migration and the high number of monthly rating changes, retail investors barely benefit from using mutual fund ratings.
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Guo, Bin, and Ya Wen. "Monitoring Model on the Supply & Demand Equilibrium of Housing Provident Fund Market – Taking Shanghai and Xi'an for Instances." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 1177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.1177.
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This paper uses integrated simulation method, based onthe analysis of key factors affecting effective demand and supply of the housingprovident fund, supply and demand of monitoring model is established and theShanghai and Xi 'an of the housing provident fund market supply and demandpresent situation and future development condition has carried on the empiricalanalysis. The results show that the influence factors of effective supply of thehousing provident fund market for the number of provident fundcapture puts and deposit base, effective demand factors for the extraction of providentfund of draw capital and provident fund loan capital. On this basis, the modelof the monitoring results of Shanghai and Xi’an was consistent with actualsituation, and shows that the model credibility is higher.
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Erasmus, Coert Frederik, and Johan van Huyssteen. "Pension fund regulation: Unintended consequences of foreign investment restrictions in an emerging market economy." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 4 (2016): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv6i4siart6.
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Retirement savings allow investors to earn income after retirement by saving while being part of the workforce. Retirement savings comprise the largest portion of retirement savings and should be safeguarded by effective regulation. To safeguard retirement savings, exposure to foreign asset investments is limited. However, in an emerging economy, limiting foreign asset investments, especially investment in developed markets, could hamper the potential investment returns due to the translation risk. To assess the effect of translation risk, a preservation provident fund was used in the present study to determine whether the returns of this preservation provident fund would be adversely affected by investment allocation regulation. The findings indicated how the translation effect affected the preservation provident fund, illustrating the adverse unintended consequences of investment regulation in emerging market economies. Consequently, regulators should reconsider the maximum allowed foreign asset investment in pension fund regulations to enhance investment returns from foreign asset investments
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Chekulayev, Sergey S., Kirill V. Gordeyev, and Mikhail R. Leonov. "THE ISSUE OF ALIMONY FUNDS AS A WAY OF PROVIDING FOR CHILDREN: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 1 (2020): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-1-184-189.
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The article raises the issue of the provision of minor children in the event of parents’ failure to meet their alimony obligations in the Russian Federation. As its solution, the authors propose to create an institute of alimony fund. The article analyses and reveals the essence of this institution on the basis of the experience of Soviet Russia and foreign countries – Spain, Sweden, Estonia and other countries – through the following aspects: the size of state support for underage children, the procedure for providing assistance, as well as the procedure for reimbursement of funds spent by the state, the sources of funding funds. The authors mention the existence of a similar institution to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (the institution of temporary allowances for underage children). The article concludes that by creating the institute of the alimony fund in the Russian Federation is a comparative legal analysis of foreign institutions, public discussion, expert and legislative work based on the studied experience. The possibility of simultaneous existence of state and private forms of alimony funds in the Russian Federation is also analyzed. The authors propose to adopt the Federal Law «On Alimony Funds in the Russian Federation», which will embody the solution of the existing problem and serve as a basis for legal regulation of these funds.
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Baek, Kang, and Young S. Park. "Do Market Dominant Fund Distributors Provide Better Performing Funds To Investors?" Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies 44, no. 3 (2015): 421–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajfs.12095.
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Hassan, Sallahuddin, Zalila Othman, and Wan Din. "Does the Employees Provident Fund Provide Adequate Retirement Incomes to Employees?" Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 7, no. 1 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2018/41930.
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