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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Provident funds

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Academic literature on the topic 'Provident funds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Provident funds"

1

Arbaa, Ofer, and Eva Varon. "Behavior of investor flows in Israeli provident funds." International Journal of Managerial Finance 16, no. 3 (December 6, 2019): 334–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-08-2018-0247.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the sensitivity of provident fund investors to past performance and how market conditions, changes in risk and liquidity levels influence the net flows into provident funds by using a unique sample from Israel. Design/methodology/approach The study checks the impact of different levels of fund performance on provident fund flows using three alternative proxies for performance: raw return and the risk adjusted returns based on the Sharpe ratio and the Jensen’s α. The analysis relies on the time fixed effect and fund fixed effect regression models. Findings Results reveal that there exists an approximately concave flow–performance relationship and performance persistence among Israeli provident funds. Israeli provident fund investors are risk averse so they overreact to bad performance both in bull and bear markets. Moreover, liquidity is an important factor to influence the flow–performance curve. The investors’ strong negative response to poor performance and relative insensitivity to outperformance show that provident fund managers are not rewarded for their risk-shifting activities as in mutual funds. Originality/value The authors explore the behavior of investor flows in non-institutional retirement savings funds specifically outside of the USA, which is a topic not properly investigated in literature. Moreover, examining inflows and outflows separately gives the authors a richer understanding of investors in pension schemes. This study also enhances the understanding of the impact of fund liquidity on the flow–performance relationship for the retirement funds segment.

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Mhango, M., and N. Dyani. "THE DUTY TO EFFECT AN APPROPRIATE MODE OF PAYMENT TO MINOR PENSION BENEFICIARIES UNDER SCRUTINY IN DEATH CLAIMS." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 12, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i2a2729.

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his note focuses on the payment into a trust arrangement in favour of a minor beneficiary as contemplated in terms of section 37C (2) of the Pension Funds Act 24 of 1956. The aim is to examine the criteria under which the boards of management of pension funds may deprive a guardian the right to administer benefits on behalf of minor beneficiaries. This examination is conducted within the context of the approach adopted by the Pension Funds Adjudicator in four specific determinations decided prior, but relevant, to the amendments to the Pension Funds Act, where the board in each case unlawfully deprived a guardian of the right to administer death benefits in favour of a minor beneficiary. Therefore, the note will discuss four specific determinations and thereafter comment about the criteria to be used by practitioners. The note argues that these determinations should be welcomed because of their progressive interpretation of the Pension Funds Act and for setting an important precedent for pension fund practitioners and boards. In each case, the Pension Funds Adjudicator found a violation of section 37C. The note also criticises the remedy granted in two of the determinations, namely Moralo v Holcim South African Provident Fund, and Mafe v Barloworld (SA) Retirement Fund Respondent, and argues that the Pension Funds Adjudicator’s ruling on these matters was arbitrary and capricious because it disregarded its own precedent in Lebepe v Premier Foods Provident Fund & Others. We therefore submit that the Pension Funds Adjudicator should have ordered the boards in Moralo vHolcim South African Provident Fund, and Mafe v Barloworld (SA) Retirement Fund Respondent to pay all of the benefits directly to the complainants and guardians in those determinations.

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Xu, Yilan. "Mandatory savings, credit access and home ownership: The case of the housing provident fund." Urban Studies 54, no. 15 (November 16, 2016): 3446–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016676158.

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Several Asian countries have established savings and loan programs called housing provident funds, which comprise of a voluntary or mandatory savings account and eligibility for discounted mortgage loans. This study evaluates the impact of a mandatory housing provident fund in China on home ownership using the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2009. The empirical results indicate that households enrolled in the program were more likely to own a home since the housing provident fund loans became available in 1998, and such difference was fully explained by the length of the enrolment history which was related to the housing provident fund loan benefits by program design. The success of the housing provident fund was in part attributable to its program designs that feature behavioural economics theories, such as automatic enrolment, mental accounting, and self-discipline. The empirical findings have implications for designing effective housing policies to promote home ownership.

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Chu, Patrick Kuok-kun, and Michael McKenzie. "A Study on Stock-Selection and Market-Timing Performance: Evidence from Hong Kong Mandatory Provident Funds (MPF)." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 11, no. 04 (December 2008): 617–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091508001507.

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This paper presents the first comprehensive study of the performance and market timing ability of the equity funds that comprise the Hong Kong Mandatory Provident Funds (MPF) scheme. In general, our results suggest that US equity funds consistently underperform relative to the market, while the other fund groups consistently outperform the market. The stock-selection ability of MPF constituent equity funds in times of changing economic condition is also investigated. The evidence is consistent with previous studies, which suggest that the conditional models decrease the individual fund traditional alpha measure. The market timing models of Treynor–Mazuy and Henriksson–Merton provide evidence of superior market timing ability.

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Arbaa, Ofer, and Eva Varon. "Do the Israeli Provident Funds have the Ability to Time the Bond and Stock Markets? An Analysis across Alternative Investments." Accounting and Finance Research 6, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v6n2p169.

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This paper investigates whether Israeli fund managers possess market-timing ability across asset classes over time, using 15 years of monthly data from the Israeli provident funds. We apply three methodologies based on return based and portfolio holdings approaches. Most of the early return-based timing methods and the most recent portfolio holdings measures suggest that U.S. mutual fund managers do not possess equity timing ability. Our study is the first to test this evidence on multi- asset class provident funds in the Israeli market and compare the timing ability of fund managers in each asset class according to different approaches. We introduce an alternative holdings method that combine the asset allocation theory with that of market timing and use "excess policy" holdings data to predict future market returns. In addition, previous studies mostly ignore the contribution of other instruments to timing decisions, which may cause any conclusions about managers' timing decisions to be incomplete. Hence, we test equity market timing with respect to all markets using a multiple market index model in the holdings approach. In line with previous research, our empirical results indicate significantly negative market timing in domestic equities according to all the measures used. On the other hand, provident fund managers on average seem to display some timing ability for government bonds.

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Wang, Kangmao. "Rationale and Strategy for Expansion of Singapore Stock Market." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 03, no. 01 (March 2000): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091500000042.

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This study provides an overview of the growth of the securities industry in Singapore. It discovers that the shrinking turnover attributes to the downfall IPO size, which in turn causes decreasing funds raised through the equity issuance. The analysis reveals a negative correlation between the stock market turnover and CPF (central provident fund) withdrawal. The study then discloses that domestic funds continue to be the main source to be invested in Singapore's stock market. It is concluded that the most effective measure to accelerate Singapore's effort in becoming a regional financial center is to attract more foreign funds and regional companies for listing on the Stock Exchange of Singapore.

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Tang, Kai Hong, Tang,. "A Study of Aging Population and Central Provident Fund System in Macao." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 8, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v8i1.12622.

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The world's overall fertility rate is declining while the life expectancy is increasing, the population structure is aging, the dependency ratio in Macao will steadily increase to 38.6% at the end of 2031. The median age of Macao is rising from Aged 38.1 to 45.5 during the period of 2011 to 2031. In this view, Macao becomes the aging society.In order to establish a basis for the establishment of a central provident fund system, the Macao SAR Government implemented the central savings system in 2009 through the General Rules for the Establishment and Management of Individual Accounts of the Central Savings System through Administrative Regulation No. 31/2009 to allocate funds for eligible account holders, Subsequently, the Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) promulgated the Act "Non-mandatory Central Provident Fund System".

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KOH, BENEDICT S. K., OLIVIA S. MITCHELL, TOTO TANUWIDJAJA, and JOELLE FONG. "Investment patterns in Singapore's Central Provident Fund System." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 7, no. 1 (November 16, 2007): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747207003253.

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AbstractRising elderly life expectancies imply the need to accumulate sufficient savings for retirement. This paper investigates the role of recent changes in the investment menu of the Singaporean Central Provident Fund (CPF) system. Our research explores the investment patterns of CPF participants and articulates their implications for policymakers. We find that most investors use their money for housing purchase and default the remainder to the CPF investment pool. The bulk of non-housing saving sits in bank accounts paying a low return. A fraction of workers does elect outside investment products, with high-income earners and males taking more risk than low-income earners and females. Since workers who default their money to the CPF fund receive a guaranteed 2.5% return on the Ordinary Account and 4% on the Special Account, hurdle rates for money market and equity funds are substantial. These high hurdle rates help explain why few CPF account holders invest outside the default government investment pool, though inertia probably explains why many employees let their funds sit in bank accounts earning low interest rates. More attention could be devoted to lowering fund expenses and commissions, including the myriad of fees, expenses, loads, and wrap charges; it might also be beneficial to streamline and rationalize the investment menu offered to participants.

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Kumar, S. S. S. "Sensex and Nifty Indices: Are They the Right Benchmarks for Mutual Funds in India?" Jindal Journal of Business Research 7, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278682118761686.

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Recently two significant developments took place in the Indian capital markets: (a) SEBI’s decision making it mandatory for all mutual funds to disclose the scheme returns against a common benchmark index such as Nifty or Sensex and (b) Employee’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) is permitted to invest a part of their funds into stock market through the exchange-traded fund (ETF) route, particularly SBI Sensex and SBI Nifty ETFs. Both the developments are tied by a common concept that stock market indices such as Nifty and Sensex are passive without any statistically significant alpha. In the fund management industry, alpha is a measure of the risk-adjusted excess returns from a portfolio that can be attributed to the stock-picking skills of a fund manager. In this article, an attempt is made to examine for the presence of significant alphas in the returns of both the indices. The results of the study indicate that both the indices have statistically significant excess returns, raising questions on their suitability to act as reference and/or benchmarks for evaluating performance of mutual funds in India. Further, the study examined the returns of Sensex and Nifty index ETFs and observed a statistically significant alpha. The results of the study have important implications not only for the index construction companies but also to the policymakers who are advocating investment of considerable amounts of provident fund money into stock market through ETFs linked to Sensex and Nifty. Index maintenance companies have to re-design the indices so that they remain passive and the EPFO Administration may rethink their decision to invest in the existing ETFs linked to the Sensex and Nifty indices, and should consider constructing a well-diversified stock portfolio that is truly passive so that their mandate to get exposure only to market risk is fulfilled.

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Pradeep Kumar, B., and R. Ramya. "Ownership Pattern of Public Debt in India: A Study." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i3.2428.

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To bridge the inevitable gap between the expenditure and revenue of governments, public debt has been resorted to increasingly by the government all over the world. In India, too, public debt has been reckoned as a device though which governments attempt to garner enough resources for both developmental and non-developmental activities. The present paper looks into the change and pattern in the ownership of public debt in India in recent years. In recent times, there has been a slight decline in the State government securities issued in India. Provident Funds have become dominant and permanent owners of state government securities in Indi, especially in recent times. Commercial banks in India are the main owners of GOI dated securities. Half of the T-Bills have been held by the Commercial Banks in the country. Mutual Funds also have been buying the Treasury Bills on a large scale. Provident Funds (PFs) do not seem to be interested in engaging in Treasury Bills operations in the country.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Provident funds"

1

Tse, Wai-kwan Elsa. "A study on Hong Kong mandatory provident fund system /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19878485.

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Li, Kin-yin Mark. "Interest groups and the debate on the establishment of a central provident fund in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975501.

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Wong, Leung-kwong. "A study of retirement income schemes in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975203.

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Li, Kin-yin Mark, and 李建賢. "Interest groups and the debate on the establishment of a central provident fund in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975501.

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Wong, Leung-kwong, and 王良廣. "A study of retirement income schemes in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975203.

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Imhof-Rudolph, Heike. "Rentenversicherung in Singapur : der Central Provident Fund." Universität Potsdam, 1999. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/1147/.

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Considering the problems of retirement security systems leads one to look beyond the border in order to get a glimpse of the way things work in other societies. Contrary to formal public pension schemes in South American and East European industrial countries, the predominant pension system in Asia is of an informal nature, based upon the extended family structure. The rise of the city-state of Singapore has been accompanied by the development of a comprehensive social security system within the framework of the Central Provident Fund (CPF). The CPF is based on a symbiosis of Western social concepts and Eastern pragmatism. The article gives an insight into the development of this system, and the way it works underpresent political and economic conditions.

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Agerberg, Backlund Filip, and Magnus Pettersson. "Swedish Equity Mutual Fund Performance : A comparison between mutual funds provided by banks and their non-bank counterpart." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18365.

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The fund market has increased in popularity over the past two decades. Today the majority of the highest asset funds on the Swedish market are managed and owned by banks. On the other hand, media is frequently publishing ranking lists and newsfeeds presenting the poor mutual fund performance of funds managed by banks. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyse the performance of Swedish equity mutual funds in order to see whether funds managed by non-bank fund companies outperform their bank counterpart. The study uses monthly NAV rates to calculate different performance measurements and finds that the funds managed by other fund companies achieves higher risk-adjusted performance compared to funds managed by banks.

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Tse, Wai-kwan Elsa, and 謝慧君. "A study on Hong Kong mandatory provident fund system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31269369.

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Balnave, Nikola Robyn. "Industrial Welfarism in Australia 1890-1965." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/572.

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This thesis examines industrial welfarism in Australia from 1890 to 1965. This period witnessed the gradual spread of the welfarism movement throughout Australian industry as employers sought ways to increase productivity and control in the face of external challenges. Once reaching its peak in the immediate post-War period, the welfarism movement was gradually subsumed as part of the increasing formalisation of personnel management. Waves of interest in welfare provision coincided with periods of labour shortage and/or labour militancy in Australia, indicating its dual role in the management of labour. Firstly, by offering benefits and services beyond that made necessary by the law or industrial awards, welfarism was designed to create a pool of good quality workers for management to draw from. Secondly, managers sought to enhance their control over these workers and their productive effort, using welfarism as a technique to build worker consent to managerial authority. This could be achieved through subtle methods aimed at boosting loyalty and morale, or through more direct programs designed to increase worker dependency on the company. In both ways, individual and collective worker resistance could be minimised, thereby reinforcing managerial prerogative. Despite its adoption by a variety of companies, a number of economic, political and institutional factors limited the extent of industrial welfarism in Australia. These include the small-scale of most enterprises prior to the Second World War, state involvement in the area of industrial relations and welfare provision, and the strength of organised labour. While the welfarism movement did not reach the heights experienced overseas, it nonetheless provided an important contribution to the development of formal labour management in Australia.

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Balnave, Nikola Robyn. "Industrial Welfarism in Australia 1890-1965." University of Sydney. Work and Organisational Studies, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/572.

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This thesis examines industrial welfarism in Australia from 1890 to 1965. This period witnessed the gradual spread of the welfarism movement throughout Australian industry as employers sought ways to increase productivity and control in the face of external challenges. Once reaching its peak in the immediate post-War period, the welfarism movement was gradually subsumed as part of the increasing formalisation of personnel management. Waves of interest in welfare provision coincided with periods of labour shortage and/or labour militancy in Australia, indicating its dual role in the management of labour. Firstly, by offering benefits and services beyond that made necessary by the law or industrial awards, welfarism was designed to create a pool of good quality workers for management to draw from. Secondly, managers sought to enhance their control over these workers and their productive effort, using welfarism as a technique to build worker consent to managerial authority. This could be achieved through subtle methods aimed at boosting loyalty and morale, or through more direct programs designed to increase worker dependency on the company. In both ways, individual and collective worker resistance could be minimised, thereby reinforcing managerial prerogative. Despite its adoption by a variety of companies, a number of economic, political and institutional factors limited the extent of industrial welfarism in Australia. These include the small-scale of most enterprises prior to the Second World War, state involvement in the area of industrial relations and welfare provision, and the strength of organised labour. While the welfarism movement did not reach the heights experienced overseas, it nonetheless provided an important contribution to the development of formal labour management in Australia.

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Books on the topic "Provident funds"

1

Bangladesh. The Provident Funds Act & rules. Dhaka: Soilur Prokashonee, 1986.

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Krishnamurthi, S. Commercial's employees' provident, pension, and insurance funds: Statutory & voluntary schemes. Delhi: Commercial Law Publishers (India), 1999.

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Sephton, Brian. A guide to pension and provident funds: Legal and policy considerations. Rondebosch: Labour Law Unit, University of Cape Town, 1990.

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Chaturvedi, Ram Gopal. Law of employees' provident funds: Being an exhaustive, analytical, thoroughly revised, amended and updated commentary on the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 alongwith Employees Provident Funds Scheme, 1952, Employees' Pension Scheme, 1995, Employees' Depost-Linked Insurance Scheme, 1976, Employees Provident Funds Appellate Tribunal (Procedure) Rules, 1997, Employees' Provident Funds Appellate Tribunal (Conditions of Service) Rules, 1997 and other useful matter with a special chapter guide for employees and employers. 2nd ed. Jaipur: Bharat Law Publications, 2003.

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Hunter, Marcella. Creating a better future--: The AMP story. [Edgecliff, N.S.W.]: Focus Publishing, 2002.

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Yee, Lionel. Vanuatu: Vanuatu National Provident Fund. Port Vila, Vanuatu: United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Pacific Operations Centre, 1997.

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(India), Meghalaya. Meghalaya civil services general provident fund rules. Shillong: Government of Meghalaya, Finance Department, 1985.

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Vanuatu. Office of the Ombudsman. Public report on the non-payment of staff overtime allowances by VNPF management and board. Port Vila: Republic of Vanuatu, Office of the Ombudsman, 2003.

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Vindya, Eriyagama, International Labour Organization (Colombo, Sri Lanka), and Sri Lanka. Institute of Policy Studies, eds. Assessment of the Employees' Provident Fund in Sri Lanka. Colombo: Institute of Policy Studies, 2003.

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United States. General Accounting Office. Health, Education, and Human Services Division. Reproductive health: Federal funds provided to four nonprofit organizations. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Provident funds"

1

Rashid, Mamunur, and William Kong Choon San. "Employee Provident Funds’ Market Performance: The Case of Malaysia." In Management for Professionals, 45–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10907-3_5.

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Asher, Mukul G. "Provident and Pension Funds and Economic Development in Selected Asian Countries." In Financing Social Policy, 264–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230244337_11.

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Ramesh, M. "One and a Half Cheers for Provident Funds in Malaysia and Singapore." In Transforming the Developmental Welfare State in East Asia, 191–208. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230523661_9.

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Hussin, Siti Sheikh, Gautam Mitra, Diana Roman, Wan Kamaruzaman, and Wan Ahmad. "Employees’ Provident Funds of Singapore, Malaysia, India and Sri Lanka: a Comparative Study." In Asset and Liability Management Handbook, 181–207. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307230_8.

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Aspalter, Christian. "Decency for All: Universal Basic Income, Smart Universalism, Provident Funds and Primarily Taxing the Super-Rich." In Ten Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, 153–74. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7863-0_7.

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Kuhlmann, Johanna, and Frank Nullmeier. "Causal Mechanisms in the Development of Contribution-Based Pension Systems in South Korea, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia." In Global Dynamics of Social Policy, 67–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91088-4_3.

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AbstractThe chapter analyses and compares the development of two types of contribution-based pension systems in four countries, thereby contrasting Bismarckian pension systems (South Korea, Vietnam) with pension systems that rely on national provident funds (Sri Lanka, Malaysia). Although all countries are facing considerable problems in expanding effective coverage and providing a decent pension after retirement, they have undertaken considerable political efforts to maintain or even expand those systems. We explain this outcome through a modular and mechanism-based approach, highlight six complex causal mechanisms—the outcompeting mechanism, the gaining acceptance spiral mechanism, the evasion mechanism, the double benefit mechanism, the crisis management by going further mechanism, and the alarmed middle classes mechanism—and show when and how these mechanisms unfolded in the four countries.

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Bao, Helen. "Housing provident fund and homeownership." In Behavioural Science and Housing Decision Making, 41–60. Abingon, Oxon : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429027253-4.

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Phang, Sock-Yong. "Provident Fund Savings for Housing Finance." In Policy Innovations for Affordable Housing In Singapore, 51–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75349-2_4.

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Glaubitt, Klaus, and Haje Schütte. "Providing Long-Term Funds to Local Financial Institutions — The European Refinancing Funds in Southeast Europe." In The Development of the Financial Sector in Southeast Europe, 61–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24820-0_4.

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Cuccia, Tiziana, Luisa Monaco, and Ilde Rizzo. "Are Less Public Funds Bad? New Strategies for Art Providers." In Enhancing Participation in the Arts in the EU, 357–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09096-2_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Provident funds"

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Özkan, Turgut, and Özge Demirkale. "Private Pension Fund Performance and Comparison with Basic Investment Instruments in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01435.

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In 2001, after the preparation of legal infrastructure in Turkey, private pension fund system started to be complementary to the Social Security system. There are many expectations from the private pension fund system both socially and economically. Social expectation is to direct individuals to alternative investment instruments to provide additional income for retirement. Economic expectation is to provide long-term funding to support the economic development. Pension fund companies have the most important responsibility to meet these expectations. In this study, the profits of investment instruments and individual pension funds are compared in a long term perspective, using three basic portfolio performance measures. The term between January 2004 and September 2014 have been considered. Investment alternatives have been discussed in detail. BIST100, deposit, gold and currency basket (USD+EUR) are the investment instruments that are compared with individual pension funds. In addition, individual pension funds have been analyzed on company basis and the achievements of the pension fund companies have been revealed during the term mentioned above. According to our analysis, it has been concluded that personal retirement funds lost value considerably, especially due to inflation.

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Jin-zhao, Song, and Du Qiang. "The operating efficiency empirical study of housing provident fund." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5881870.

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Savić Božić, Dijana. "JAVNO – PRIVATNO PARTNERSTVO U REPUBLICI SRPSKOJ." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.697sb.

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Countries in transition use various ways to attract foreign investors. PublicPrivate Partnership (PPP) is one of the possible models of investment that provides local governments with the opportunity to get various infrastructure facilities, without using budget funds. PPP is identified as a new, powerful and very efficient way of financing which has not yet been sufficiently developed in Republika Srpska. Since public revenues are largely insufficient to accomplish many projects, the implementation of new resources and the structural capacities of private and banking sectors is needed. Thus, it is possible to fund projects that could not be implemented through limited budget funds, thus ensuring more efficient use of resources through better access to sources of capital and professional project management. The aim of this paper is to identify the significance of the most complex instrument for stimulating economic development, which are public-private partnerships, as well as their knowledge in theory and practical application. The first part deals with publicprivate partnership, its concept, definitions, types, characteristics and significance for developing countries, while the second part deals with the legal implementation of an instrument such as public-private partnership and analysis of its legal regulation manner in Republika Srpska.

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Murray, Mária, and Alexandra Mertinková. "Štátne dotácie pre mimovládne neziskové organizácie na Slovensku." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-78.

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The task of mapping the existing procedures and methodologies of subsidies provided from the state budget in terms of efficiency, transparency and effectiveness and proposing their evaluation, the Office of the Plenipotentiary of the Government of the Slovak Republic for Civil Society Development resulted from the Strategy of Civil Society Development in Slovakia Action Plan 2019-2020. The analysis is based on research solved for the needs of practice and focuses on ministries, central state administration bodies and funds of the Slovak Republic, which is a total of 21 institutions that provide subsidies for non-governmental organizations as carriers of innovative solutions to regional disparities. The aim of this paper is to review all subsidy schemes of the ministries and evaluate them in terms of efficiency, transparency and effectiveness, ie. to map existing procedures and methodologies for providers of public resources in the form of subsidies provided from the state budget, which determine how goals / measurable indicators proving the meaning of provided public resources are to be set and at the same time enable them to be evaluated. Based on the mapped and evaluated state, we propose additional procedures and methodologies that will allow a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness, transparency and efficiency of spent funds of individual subsidy programs provided from the state budget and which can also be used to provide subsidies at regional and local level.

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Xie, Zhijun, Jiawen Wang, Xiaoxia Hong, Zhenjun Ma, and Keting Yin. "A Blockchain-based Platform of Housing Provident Fund Asset-backed Securitization." In 2022 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers (IPEC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipec54454.2022.9777497.

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Baah, Richmond. "PROVIDING NON-STATE SOCIAL PROTECTION THROUGH THE GHANA COVID-19 PRIVATE SECTOR FUND." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.757.

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The research aims to: (a) identify the types of non-state social protection services the Ghana COVID-19 Private Sector Fund provides; and (b) assess the extent to which the Fund is a catalyst for creating impactful shared value. Methodology: Content analysis and semi-structured interviews were performed. Conclusions: To a reasonable degree, the Fund meets the principles of impactful initiatives for creating shared value in society. The study recommends that the shared value concept should be delineated and added as the sixth principle for impactful initiatives.

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Shun-Ho Chu. "Research of the income replacement ratio of Provident Fund Scheme in Macau." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Science and Service System (CSSS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csss.2011.5975011.

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Saidi, Nurul Athirah Nabila, Mazlynda Md Yusuf, and Mohamad Yazis Ali Basah. "Assessing the adequacy of contribution rates towards employees’ provident fund in Malaysia." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES: Mathematical Sciences: Championing the Way in a Problem Based and Data Driven Society. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4980934.

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"Blockchain-based Electronic Data Storage and Certificate System of Housing Provident fund." In 2021 The 11th International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering. WCSE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/wcse.2021.06.034.

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Fynchina, Khicheza. "Household Savings as a Source of Investment in the Reproductive Process of Kyrgyz Republic." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00565.

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The issue of ineffective usage of household is investigated, considering the lack of financial resources for the development of internal production in Kyrgyz Republic. The dynamic of households in the country is shown. Also the substantiation of author’s definition of investigated category is provided. In order to understand the essence of issue, there is a grouping of households in a form of scheme is shown. The research of grouping signs allowed basing the allotment of investment funds. Savings play a dual role in the reproduction process of the country. On the one hand, as the withdrawal of funds from the stream of income, savings cause lack in consumption; constraining supply growth, that is an expansion of production. On the other hand, if the savings are mobilized by the financial and credit system, and sent into the real economic sector, for an increase of the accumulation fund and expanding of production, they are favorable to economic growth and increase in GDP. Clearly shows the correlation between GDP growth and the dynamics of household savings to Kyrgyz Republic. Materials for this research were literary sources and statistical data. Solving an issue of under-investment is possible due to household savings, which occupy a special place in a number of economic phenomena, because they are at the crossroads of the interests of citizens, organizations, specializing in financial services, and the state. Their involvement depends primarily on the activity of the institutions, accumulating these savings.

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Reports on the topic "Provident funds"

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Aragon, George, and Philip Strahan. Hedge Funds as Liquidity Providers: Evidence from the Lehman Bankruptcy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15336.

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Emme, Leticia, Pilar Rodriguez, Rafael Plaza, Ariana Rojas, Belissa Rojas, and Yuri Soares. Sustainable Investing: A Playbook for VC Funds. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004631.

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In todays world, all private entities need to adopt a consistent approach to managing sustainability, including Venture Capital (VC) Funds. A sustainability approach helps to identify and better manage risks faced by the VC fund. It also improves efficiency, predictability and planning, the quality of investments, and increases transparency and accountability. The VC industry lags other asset classes in the adoption of sustainability approaches. Due to their small size, agile operation, and focus on innovation and technology, there are few bespoke sustainability resources for VC Funds, making it more difficult for them to apply ESG principles. As a result, VC Funds have largely been observers in an ever-changing sustainability agenda. This Sustainable Investment Playbook provides a blueprint for VC Funds who wish to implement a sustainability approach. It was designed together with VC Funds, and aims to be a practical tool, providing a review of the existing literature and resources available, as well as a step-by-step guidance on how to implement a sustainability approach, covering all stages of the venture investment cycle. Time is of the essence for VC funds and VC-backed companies; Sustainable Investing is a must but not yet a given.

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Megersa, Kelbesa. World Bank’s Financial Intermediary Funds. Institute of Development Studies, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.156.

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Financial Intermediary Funds (FIFs) are a type of trust fund that provide large-scale funding for broad, coordinated interventions that are typically focused on specific themes (see section 5) and aimed at achieving Global Public Goods (GPGs). FIFs provide the global development community with multilateral platforms that are independently governed (see section 3) and support multiple implementing entities. FIFs add unique value and strength to the development finance toolkit – especially when there is a global call for collective action for a GPG requiring large-scale additional pooled funds; closely coordinated decision-making; joint implementation at scale across a significant number of multilateral organisations, when no existing instrument can fulfil these functions (World Bank, 2019a).

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Bolton, Laura. Global Health Funds and Humanitarian Programming. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.144.

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There is a lack of reporting on the connection between Humanitarian Country Team Health Clusters and the three funds (the Global Fund, the Gavi Alliance, and the Global Financing Facility (GFF)), both generally and for the three countries of focus (Mozambique, Uganda, and Nigeria). The Global Fund is noted to partner with the Global Health Cluster but details were not identified within the scope of this report. Global Fund A Global Fund board meeting report and a review of Fund investments in challenging operating environments notes partnering and joining with the Global Health Clusters but does not give detail of specific countries. The Global Fund does not include Mozambique or Uganda in their list of challenging operating environments. There are reports of emergency funding being allocated for refugees in Uganda, and for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Mozambique. Countries are encouraged to include refugees in their funding requests to the Global Fund. Some Global Fund supported operations for HIV treatment in Mozambique have been interrupted as people receiving treatment fled from violence. Partners in provinces where the displaced are arriving are implementing emergency plans to maintain continuity of care. A Global Fund initiative for removing human-rights barriers to health treatment does not list refugees or IDPs as vulnerable groups for HIV programming. The same initiative in Uganda did specifically support distribution of nets to help prevent malaria. A 2017 audit report on Global Fund grant management in high-risk environments found inadequate early warning mechanisms to identify risk levels of grants. Gavi Alliance Gavi Alliance policy documentation states that a flexible and tailored approach is taken to achieve equity in fragile or emergency situations and for the needs of displaced populations. Requests for flexible support are based on specific needs which must be justified. The policy puts a strong emphasis on ensuring the inclusion of displaced populations. It encourages governments to provide immunisations independent of residency and legal status. They provide extra support where justified for displaced people. Very little information on Gavi activity in the countries of focus for this report was found. Global Financing Facility The GFF 2021-2025 strategy reports offering support in complex humanitarian settings but detail is not included. An earlier report describes GFF support in Nigeria where the Facility were able to finance a targeted project in a short timeframe. Distinction is made between this type of support and emergency support which is not part of the design of the GFF and is unable to quickly release lifesaving funds in emergency situations. The short timeframe funding was provided to support the Nigerian State Health Investment Project where violence had disrupted health services and where health indicators were poor. Mobile health teams were contracted out to hard-to-reach areas. Outreach included psychosocial support.

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Katz, Sabrina, Miguel Algarin, and Emanuel Hernandez. Structuring for Exit: New Approaches for Private Capital in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003074.

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Structured financing solutions encompass a range of investment approaches that provide liquidity to investors without the need for a traditional equity exit event, such as a strategic sale, sale to another financial investor, or public market listing. Structuring mechanisms across the debt-to-equity spectrum determine the exit terms of the deal, therefore providing considerable downside protection to investors. Structured financing solutions are an incipient but increasingly important set of tools for investors active in Latin America to address the financing gap for companies that lack access to bank financing and are not attractive targets for traditional PE and VC players. Many investors employing these strategies are in an experimental phase, reporting new lessons learned with each deal completed. Impact investors have been among the top drivers of these structuring innovations, as they have grappled with the additional limitations associated with the straight equity model for environmental or social enterprises. However, the use of structured financing is by no means restricted to the impact investing space. Fund managers have invested USD4b in private credit deals in Latin America since 2018, more than the previous ten years combined. PE and VC investors have also increasingly employed quasi-equity and debt instruments. ACON Investments, for example, has employed mezzanine structures in several deals from its latest funds. Brazil-focused venture capital firm SP Ventures has recently begun investing from its debut venture debt fund. Growing experimentation by fund managers demonstrates the opportunity for investors across ticket sizes, strategies, and the impact-to-commercial spectrum. The structures discussed and the case studies highlighted in this report contain some of the major lessons applicable to a wide group of private capital investors in Latin America targeting certain and timely exits with consistent returns.

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Abrams, Melinda Abrams, Mollyann Brodie Brodie, Jamie Ryan Ryan, Michelle Doty Doty, Liz Hamel Hamel, and Mira Norton Norton. Primary Care Providers' Views of Recent Trends in Health Care Delivery and Payment:Findings from the Commonwealth Fund/Kaiser Family Foundation 2015 National Survey of Primary Care Providers. New York, NY United States: Commonwealth Fund, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15868/socialsector.25044.

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Komba, Aneth, and Richard Shukia. Accountability Relationships in 3Rs Curriculum Reform Implementation: Implication for Pupils’ Acquisition of Literacy and Numeracy Skills in Tanzania’s Primary Schools. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/065.

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This study responded to one key research question: What are the accountability relationships between the actors in implementing the 3Rs curriculum reform? A qualitative research approach informed the study, using key informant interviews, focus group discussion and document review. The data were analysed using thematic and content analysis. The study established that the key actors in implementing the 3Rs curriculum are the government institutions and the development partners. These actors provide teaching, learning materials and support in the provision of in-service teacher training. Yet, the pupils’ and teachers’ materials prepared by the donor programmes were never authorised by the Commissioner for Education. The study also found that the implementation of the 3Rs was very uneven across the country, with some regions receiving support from both the government and donors, and others receiving support from the government only. Consequently, schools in areas that were exposed to more than one type of support benefited from various teaching and learning materials, which led to confusion regarding when to use them. Moreover, the initiatives by several donors exclusively focus on public schools, which use Kiswahili as the medium of instruction and hence, there existed inequality across the various types of schools. Furthermore, the funds for implementing the reform were provided by both the development partners and the government. The Global Partnership for Education (GPE)—Literacy and Numeracy Education Support (LANES) Program— provided a large proportion of the funds. However, the funds remained insufficient to meet the training needs. As a result, the training was provided for only few days and to a few teachers. Consequently, the sustainability of the reform, in the absence of donor funding, remains largely questionable.

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Freed, Danielle. K4D Supporting the Prosperity Fund for Transformative COVID-19 Recovery. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.162.

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The global COVID-19 pandemic endangers progress made on more inclusive and sustainable growth patterns and risks slowing down international trade. Growth patterns are highly uncertain and require context-specific social analysis alongside local stakeholder consultation as a means to understand the changing impacts on poverty and exclusion dynamics. In recognition of this need, The K4D Prosperity Fund COVID-19 Evidence and Learning Initiative supported cross-government learning on the impact of the pandemic within upper-middle income countries (UMIC) and lower-middle income countries (LMIC) while also providing key evidence supporting a transformative strategic focus, aimed at linking short-term adaptations with long-term ambitions, setting the stage to push beyond recovery and the Prosperity Fund’s Build Back Better.

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Abrams, Melinda Abrams, Anne-Marie Audet Audet, Mollyann Brodie Brodie, Jamie Ryan Ryan, Michelle Doty Doty, Liz Hamel Hamel, Mira Norton Norton, and Rose Kleiman Kleiman. Experiences and Attitudes of Primary Care Providers Under the First Year of ACA Coverage Expansion: Findings from the Kaiser Family Foundation/Commonwealth Fund 2015 National Survey of Primary Care Providers. New York, NY United States: Commonwealth Fund, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15868/socialsector.25037.

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Avellán, Leopoldo, Zulima Leal Calderon, and Giulia Lotti. Why do some Development Projects Disburse Funds Faster than Others. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003839.

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The timely disbursement of funds is a necessary condition for the success of international development projects. Disbursements track the progress of projects in completing the products that ultimately will deliver the projects desired outcomes. Moreover, in a world with pressing needs for external financing, project disbursements are an important source of external liquidity for recipient countries. However, some projects start disbursing faster than others and at relatively larger amounts. Hence learning why some projects disburse faster than others is important to understand not only which projects are more likely to achieve development outcomes sooner, but also to assess their value as providers of external liquidity in times of distress. As it has become evident over the past year with the COVID-19 pandemic, multilateral lending has played a crucial role in helping emerging countries face the larger financing needs originated by the crisis. In 2020, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) disbursements increased 49% over 2019, reaching $13.4 billion, more than doubling the baseline disbursement projection. This paper assesses which observable characteristics of investment loans offered by the IDB are associated with faster disbursements. The results indicate substantial heterogeneity across countries, sectors, and loan modalities. All else constant, results-based loans and loans in the social sector are more likely to disburse within 2 years after being approved. Projects in countries where it takes longer to meet at least some of the clauses to start disbursing are less likely to start disbursing 2 years after approval. Projects that are expected to have longer execution times disburse at slower speeds within 24 months after approval. Overall, country factors seem to play a more relevant role than sectorial factors in explaining the probability that a project will disburse funds quickly. These and other findings in the paper can inform future programming exercises and help optimize the disbursement processes.

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