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1
PASTORE, GUIDO. "Sand provenance and dispersal in the Sahara and Kalahari deserts: fluvial aeolian interactions and climatic implications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/404096.
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Questa tesi presenta lo studio della composizione delle sabbie dei più grandi deserti africani e dei fiumi limitrofi al fine di illustrare gli effetti dell'interazione tra processi fluviali ed eolici sul trasporto di sedimenti in ambiente arido. Le sabbie del Sahara, del Kalahari e dello Zambesi sono state analizzate mediante petrografia, mineralogia della frazione pesante e geocronologia U-Pb di zirconi detritici. Per il caso di studio dello Zambesi sono stati analizzati anche la geochimica elementare, gli isotopi del Nd e i minerali delle argille. I campi di dune del Sahara sono, con poche eccezioni, composti da pura sabbia quarzosa con suite di minerali pesanti molto impoverite, dominate da minerali ultrastabili. La composizione varia solamente lungo la Valle del Nilo, in prossimità della catena dell'Anti-Atlante e alla provincia vulcanica libica. La sabbia delle dune del Kalahari è costituita principalmente da quarzo associato a minerali pesanti ultrastabili. La composizione varia solo ai margini occidentali e orientali del deserto, riflettendo in parte l’apporto fluviale di primo ciclo dai basamenti cristallini nella Namibia centrale, nello Zimbabwe occidentale e nelle dune vicino alle cascate Vittoria dove i sedimenti sono erosi dalle lave del Karoo. La morfologia segmentata del fiume Zambesi si riflette nella sua mineralogia e geochimica. La sabbia quarzosa erosa dalle dune del deserto del Kalahari viene progressivamente arricchita in frammenti litici basaltici e clinopirosseno. Successivamente nuovo apporto di sedimenti avviene a valle del lago Kariba, documentando una graduale diminuzione del quarzo e dei minerali ultrastabili. La composizione diventa quarzo-feldspatica nel tratto finale. L'abbondanza di feldspato nella sabbia del basso Zambesi non ha equivalenti tra i grandi fiumi sulla Terra e supera di gran lunga quella nei sedimenti del delta e della piattaforma, rivelando che il segnale di provenienza dell’alto Zambezi ha cessato di essere propagato a valle dopo la chiusura delle grandi dighe. La smectite, dominante nei fanghi generati dai basalti del Karoo o nel clima equatoriale delle pianure mozambicane, prevale su illite e kaolinite. La geochimica indica: l'aggiunta di quarzo per riciclo; l'erosione dei basalti del Karoo; l’erosione dei basamenti precambriani. Lo studio di Sahara e Kalahari consente di mettere a confronto deserti dominati dai processi eolici e deserti caratterizzati da una consistente interazione fluvio-eolica. Nel Sahara, la maggior parte della sabbia sembra essere riciclata da arenarie quarzose e il principale meccanismo erosivo e di trasporto è il vento. Nel Kalahari, i sedimenti sono trasportati dai fiumi che, erodendo gli orogeni ai fianchi del deserto, accumulano e omogeneizzano il detrito al centro del bacino grazie all’azione eolica. Lo studio permette di riconsiderare criticamente diversi dogmi della sedimentologia, come il presunto aumento della “maturità” mineralogica durante il trasporto fluviale: i sedimenti dell’alto Zambezi, erosi dalle dune del Kalahari e ricchi di quarzo, vengono progressivamente diluiti da sedimenti lito-feldspatici lungo il corso del fiume. Gli indici geochimici e la composizione dei fanghi sembrano indicare maggiore alterazione chimica nell'arido bacino dell’alto Zambesi rispetto al più umido Zambesi centrale e inferiore, testimoniando che il segnale di “paleo-alterazione del Kalahari” registrato nei sedimenti delle dune viene trasportato a valle fino alla foce.This thesis presents a study of the composition of sand from desert dunes and adjacent rivers across the African continent to illustrate the effects of the interplay between fluvial and aeolian processes on sediment transport in desertic environments. The Sahara, Kalahari and Zambezi samples were analyzed by bulk-petrography, heavy-mineral, and detrital-zircon U–Pb geochronology. For the Zambezi case study, elemental geochemistry, Nd isotopes and clay minerals were also analyzed. Saharan dune fields are generally composed of pure quartzose sand with very poor heavy-mineral suites dominated by ultrastable minerals. Relatively varied compositions characterize sand along the Nile Valley, the southern front of the Anti-Atlas belt and near a basaltic field in Libya. Kalahari dune sand mostly consists of monocrystalline quartz associated with durable heavy. Composition varies only at the western and eastern edges of the desert, reflecting partly first-cycle fluvial supply eroded from crystalline basements of Cambrian to Archean age in central Namibia and western Zimbabwe. Basaltic detritus from Jurassic Karoo lavas is dominant in dunes near Victoria Falls. The segmented morphology of Zambezi River is reflected by its mineralogy and geochemistry. Pure quartzose sand recycled from Kalahari Desert dunes in the uppermost tract is next progressively enriched in basaltic rock fragments and clinopyroxene. Sediment load is renewed first downstream of Lake Kariba, documenting a stepwise decrease in quartz and durable heavy minerals. Composition becomes quartzo-feldspathic in the lower tract. Feldspar abundance in Lower Zambezi sand has no equivalent among big rivers on Earth and far exceeds that in sediments of the northern delta, shelf, and slope, revealing that provenance signals from the upper reaches have ceased to be transmitted across the routing system after closure of the big dams. Irumide ages predominate over Pan-African, Eburnean, and Neoarchean ages. Smectite, dominant in mud generated from Karoo basalts or in the equatorial climate of the Mozambican lowlands, prevails over illite and kaolinite. Elemental geochemistry reflects quartz addition by recycling, supply from Karoo basalts, and first-cycle provenance from Precambrian basements. Sahara and Kalahari case studies allow to study in situ sand generation by wind erosion versus external fluvial supply in arid environment. In the Sahara, most sand appears to be recycled from rocks with high sand-generation potential, and the main transport mechanism is the wind saltation and dune movement. In Kalahari, sediments are fed by rivers by first cycle erosion of exposed orogens at the flanks of the desert and therein homogenised. The contrasting effect of strong recycling by wind and fresh supply from rivers are the key factor for most deserts studied in literature and their identification in terms of mineralogy and provenance is proved to be precious for present and past climatic debate. In addition, evaluating the results from the Kalahari and Zambezi studies allows to critically reconsider several dogmas, such as the supposed increase of mineralogical “maturity” during long-distance fluvial transport. This is strongly affected by provenance factors: quartz-rich recycled Kalahari dune sand is progressively diluted along the Zambezi River by sediment supplied by different crustal domains. Inheritance of the “Kalahari paleo-weathering signal” by Zambezi River is highlighted also by geochemical indexes and mud composition which appear to be oddly more affected by weathering in the arid Uppermost Zambezi catchment than in the wetter Middle and Lower Zambezi.
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Radon, Jenny. "FILADE TÄNDER I ljuset av sina sammanhang : En studie av individer med modifierade tänder i Skandinavien under yngre järnålder." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-389643.
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This master thesis investigates the phenomenon of men with filed (modified) teeth in Scandinavia during late Iron Age. More than 100 buried men with filed teeth have up till now been discovered. Of these, 92 are included in my analysis. Burials containing men with filed teeth have been discovered on Gotland, in Skåne, Uppland, Västergötland and Öland in Sweden, on Fyn in Denmark and in one mass grave in Dorset, England. Most of the men derive from burials on Gotland. The men with filed teeth have hitherto mostly been studied from an osteoarchaeological approach. Instead, this study regards the burial contexts in which they were found. In order to study this, I have compiled a data base in which available information about these men and their burial contexts have been gathered. The term ¨burial context¨ in this essay refers to the grave finds and the aspects of the burial itself, as well as the landscape in which it is situated. The aim of the study is to try to determine what unites, and separates, the men with filed teeth; what can be said about the dating of their occurrence, the men’s origin/provenance and what social status and occupation they may have held.
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Lind, Clara, and Marie Ottosson. "Made in Sweden? : En studie om trikåindustrin i Sverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22064.
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Svenskarnas klädkonsumtion har nästan fördubblats under de 30 senaste åren. Den stora anledningen är att kläderna blivit allt billigare, eftersom majoriteten produceras i låglöneländer. Långa värdekedjor, bristande kvalitetskontroll och dåliga arbetsförhållanden är exempel på utmaningar som utlandsproduktion för med sig. Etisk produktion och hållbarhet har aldrig varit mer aktuellt än det är idag och det är något som både kunder och företag värderar och eftersträvar. Frågan är om textilproduktionen i Sverige och framför allt trikåproduktionen som denna studie fokuserar på, har möjlighet att utvecklas i takt med den ökade medvetenheten kring hållbarhet, etisk konsumtion och transparent produktion. Syftet med studien är därför att undersöka förutsättningar och fördelar med trikåproduktionen i Sverige genom att ta reda på om det finns hållbarhetsaspekter, konkurrensfördelar och intresse bland svenska trikåföretag att producera i Sverige. Begreppen reshoring, proveniens och hållbarhet är studiens utgångspunkt utifrån vilka en litteraturstudie byggdes upp. En trianguleringsmetod användes som innefattar såväl en kvantitativ enkät samt två kvalitativa semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med företagsledare för två trikåföretag som helt eller delvis har produktion i Sverige. Resultatet visade att det finns utrymme för trikåproduktion i Sverige eftersom efterfrågan och intresset från svenska företag är stort. Däremot finns det flera utmaningar. Lönsamhet, brist på kompetens samt kundernas okunskap och ovilja att betala för produkter som är tillverkade i Sverige är några av svårigheterna. Det visade sig också att produktion i Sverige är komplext och kanske inte alltid så bra som det låter. Märkningen made in kan missrepresentera var en produkt verkligen är tillverkad, eftersom det endast anger var produkten har monterats. Kunderna vill gärna ha ett enkel t svar på en komplicerad problematik, vilket många företag är snabba att bistå. Studien ger inspiration till ytterligare forskning kring svensk tekoindustri samt till svenska trikåföretag som överväger att förlägga produktion till Sverige. Studien kan också öka medvetenheten hos kunder gällande sin roll i den textila värdekedjan.The clothing consumption has almost doubled in the last 30 years in Sweden. The main reason is that clothes have become cheaper since the majority are produced in low-wage countries. Long value chains, lack of quality control and poor working conditions are examples of challenges that offshore production brings. Ethical production and sustainability have never been more relevant than it is today and it has become something that customers as well as companies value and strive for. The question is whether Swedish textile production, and the knitwear production which this study will focus on, have the opportunity to develop as the awareness of sustainability, ethical consumption and transparent production increases. The aim of the study is therefore to investigate the conditions and advantages of Swedish knitwear production, and to find out whether there are sustainability aspects, competitive advantages and interest among Swedish knitwear companies to produce in Sweden. Reshoring, provenance and sustainability are the starting points of which the literature study is built up. A triangulation method was used which includes both a quantitative survey and two qualitative in-depth interviews with company executives for two knitwear companies that have full or partly production in Sweden. The result showed that there is room for Swedish knitwear production, because of the demand and interest from Swedish companies. There are however several challenges. Profitability, lack of competence, customers ignorance and unwillingness to pay for Swedish-made products are some of the difficulties. The study shows that production in Sweden is more complex than expected and that it may not always be as good as it sounds. The label made in can misrepresent where a product actually is made, since it only indicates where the product has been assembled. However, customers would like a simple answer to a complicated problem, which many companies are quick to give. The study contributes with new knowledge about the Swedish textile industry and with valuable information to knitwear companies that consider to reshore their production. The study may also increase the awareness of Swedish customers regarding their role in the textile value chain.
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Schyman, Joakim. "Proveniensbestämning av vikingatida hornmaterial : En studie utifrån stabila isotoper." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78367.
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The main aim was to investigate the provenance of Viking age antler material findings of moose and red deer from Sigtuna and from three sites on the island of Gotland in the Baltic sea. This was done by analysis of the stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur. Thre were never any living population of these mammals on Gotland during the Viking age. δ34S-values of sulphur from this study was compared with earlier research and by studying maps of the Swedish bedrock. The δ34S-values were more like the δ34S-value for bedrock other than European granite. These bedrocks are found in the south-east of Sweden along the coast towards Gotland. The provenance of the Sigtuna antlers could be three different areas and the material from Gotnald could come from two differente regions. A student-t test between Fröjel and Sigtuna showed no significant correlation between the two populations. A comparison within the Sigtuna material showed a possible difference between two different dated phases. This could mean that an import of antlers from other areas was made when antlers in the Sigtuna region was less available.
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Bray, Ian Stephen Johnson. "Geochemical methods for provenance studies of steatite." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2735/.
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The aim of archaeology is the reconstruction of past cultures and the processes behind cultures. Conclusive evidence of cultural contacts between distinct groups of peoples is of great importance. It has long been realised that the study of the raw materials utilised for artifacts that were then moved far from their place of origin is vital in identifying these contacts and this study is concerned with the investigation of one such material - steatite. Steatite is a soft talcose rock that is easily carved even with stone, bone or metal tools. It also has a low coefficient of thermal expansion. These physical properties have resulted in steatite being used as a raw material for the production of many domestic and decorative items throughout the world from prehistoric times until the present. However, the geological formation process has only occurred in a limited number of locations, and hence steatite sources have a relatively restricted geographical distribution. Thus steatite can be seen to fulfil a number of the basic requirements for provenancing, namely limited geographical distribution and extensive utilisation in the past. As a lithic material the physical production techniques do not affect the physical and chemical nature of the material, which may be a considerable problem with characterisation of other archaeological material, eg. ceramics, metal and glass. Thus by characterisation of source material, steatite artifacts of unknown provenance may be compared and their ultimate origin established. However, the formation of steatite is a complex process that often results in a source body that is inhomogeneous, making simple characterisation techniques inadequate. This study seeks to establish differences between source regions and between individual quarries. If a unique pattern in measurable properties can be established, by comparing artifacts to sources, their origin may be established.
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Drewery, S. E. "Provenance of carboniferous sandstones : Geochronologic and petrographic studies." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380301.
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Muskara, Uftade. "Provenance Studies On Limestone Archaeological Artifacts Using Trace Element Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608429/index.pdf.
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Trace element composition of archaeological artifacts is commonly used for
provenance studies. Limestone has generally studied by geologists and there are
a few researches done by various archaeological sciences. Although it is a
common material for buildings and sculpture it is been thought that limestone
used had not imported like marbles.
Limestone figurines from Datça/Emecik excavations are classified as Cypriote type, which was very popular through 6th century B.C. in the Mediterranean region. Since this type of figurines was found at Emecik numerously to determine its provenance was an important problem. Emecik figurines were examined for their some major, trace elements and REE compositions and results were compared with geological samples which were taken from a near by quarry. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) have been used for analysis. The methods have been optimized by using standard reference material NIST 1d, NCS DC 73306, and IGS40.
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Lloyd, Matthew James. "Sediment provenance studies in the Pyrenean foreland basin, Aragon, Spain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295034.
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Stos-Gale, Zofia. "Application of lead isotope analysis to provenance studies in archaeology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:38e670cf-f1fa-4c6d-8c5e-e2d7ca4fdbfa.
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Advances in mass spectrometry in the second half of this century allowed very accurate measurements of isotopic compositions of various elements. In turn it was discovered that due to the radiogenic origin of some of these isotopes their composition often reflects the geochemical history of minerals and rocks. Terrestrial lead is composed of four isotopes, of which three are radiogenic in origin as daughters of uranium and thorium. In geochronology the isotopic composition of minerals helps in dating the ore and rock formations. However, if there is enough diversity amongst the isotopic compositions of different deposits, then their lead isotope composition can be used as a simple and unique 'fingerprint', which can be scientifically measured. This feature can be used as a powerful tool in the identification of sources of ancient metals, because it passes unchanged through the smelting and refining processes. However, one of the most important requirements for such 'lead isotope provenance studies' is empirical investigation of the 'fingerprints' of ore deposits which are relevant to a given archaeological research. In this dissertation the scientific foundations of lead isotope provenance studies are described and examined in detail. All available evidence concerning the possibility of distinguishing isotopically between different European ore deposits is examined and methods of visual and numerical evaluation of the lead isotope data are suggested. Two examples of applications to specific archaeological problems are also given: the identification of sources of metals used for production of Bronze Age Cretan weapons and of non-ferrous metals in the Roman Period in Southern Poland. The interpretation of lead isotope data for archaeological objects is based on nearly 1500 isotopic analyses of ores.
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Unruh, Ana Luise. "Lead and hafnium isotopic studies of Eurasian loess." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365301.
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Hughes, John James. "Studies in sedimentary provenance of the intramontane Granada Basin, southern Spain." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297028.
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Sigurdardottir, Kristin Huld. "Iron Viking relics from Iceland - with a special emphasis on provenance studies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576102.
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Markham, Michael. "Provenance studies of British prehistoric greenstone implements using non-destructive analytical methods." Thesis, n.p, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Smith, Barbara Maria. "An investigation into the importance of propagule provenance in restoration ecology." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2002. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/323/.
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There is increasing concern among restoration ecologists that using non-local propagules in revegetation schemes may influence the success of grassland restoration. This research programme investigated the importance of propagule provenance in restoration schemes. In particular the work focused on two areas. Firstly, the study investigated the significance of propagule provenance for plant establishment and persistence using Lotus corniculatus as a model species. Secondly, it investigated the practical implications of restricting seed procurement to local sources, using a field trial which assessed the success of limestone grassland re-creation under different treatments. Propagules were collected from two contrasting habitats within each of six regions in the British Isles and a common garden experiment was used to quantify the genetic component of provenance as estimated by plant morphology and fitness. There were differences in survival, growth habit, pubescence, leaf shape, plant size and fecundity between plants grown from seeds sourced from different regions. In addition these populations differed in the extent to which they were damaged by seed herbivores. Differences between plants grown from seed sourced from contrasting habitats were limited to morphology. These findings suggested that populations would be likely to perform differentially in a restoration environment. Both geographical location and the ecological conditions at the seed source should be considered when procuring seeds for a restoration scheme. A field trial was set up to establish whether local propagules exhibited higher fitness than those collected from non-local sources. Propagules were collected from two contrasting habitats in each of fifteen regions. Two restoration environments at a single site were investigated; one was treated with a dressing of topsoil, the other site was untreated bare clay substrate. Differences between populations were measured in terms of both geographical and ecological distance. Results for both sites demonstrated that although there was no home-site advantage in terms of geographical distance, plants from more distant populations were smaller and less fecund in the restoration environment. An investigation into the relationship between ecological distance and plant performance produced different results on the treated and untreated plots. On the treated plot there was no significant relationship but on the untreated plot, plants from more distant populations were larger and more fecund. The contrast in the results obtained for the effect of geographical and ecological distance on performance in the untreated restoration environment is interesting. The enhanced performance of geographically local populations agrees with findings from previous studies. The findings for ecological distance are unexpected based on other work. However, it is postulated that the initial success of non-local populations maybe misleading, as environmental conditions which are infrequent but typical of the area may lead to high mortalities in the longterm. The range of what can be considered local is rarely considered in studies that investigate plant provenance, but work from other areas suggests that there is sufficient variation over small distances to warrant seed collection within 100m. Fine scale phenotypic variation over 200m in populations of L. corniculatus was investigated, however there was no evidence to suggest that seed collection should be restricted to 100m, consequently seeds could be safely collected up to 200m from a restoration site. If seed procurement is to be restricted to local seed then it is possible that the seed application rate and species mix available for a restoration project may be limited. A field trial investigating the effect of different treatments showed that it is possible to establish an appropriate plant community using a low sowing rate. However, that community will be more vulnerable to changes in the environment during the establishment phase and more open to invasion by colonizing species which are likely to be weedy in the first few years. A comparison of two seed mixes showed that a diverse seed mix resulted in an increased diversity and evenness of vegetation. There was no benefit in adding a nurse grass to compensate for a low application rate of local species. In conclusion, although it is an advantage to use seeds of local provenance in restoration schemes, it will be necessary to balance this with the likelihood of successful re-vegetation given the seed available
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Chen, Guohui. "Provenance-related studies of Triassic-Miocene Tethyan sedimentary and igneous rocks from Cyprus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33185.
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Cyprus comprises three tectono-stratigraphic terranes: first, the Troodos Massif made up of Late Cretaceous oceanic lithosphere and its sedimentary cover in the centre of the island; secondly, the Mamonia Complex (and Moni Melange) a passive margin lithological assemblage in the west (and south) and thirdly, the Kyrenia Range, an active margin lithological assemblage in the north. This study focuses on the sedimentary cover of the Troodos Ophiolite in W Cyprus, the Triassic-Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Mamonia Complex and Late Cretaceous-Miocene igneous and sedimentary rocks in the Kyrenia Range, mainly based on combined sedimentology, geochemistry and geochronological dating. The Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous Mamonia Complex, SW Cyprus (and the Moni Melange, S Cyprus) represent parts of the emplaced passive continental margin of the S Neotethys. Late Triassic sandstones are characterised by a predominantly felsic source, with a subordinate mafic contribution. Jurassic-Early Cretaceous sandstones have a polycyclic felsic origin. Geochemical analyses are suggestive of progressive weathering and sediment recycling/sorting. The dominance of Ediacaran-Cryogenian and Tonian-Stenian-aged detrital zircon populations is suggestive of an ultimate north Gondwana source, probably recycled from Palaeozoic siliciclastic sedimentary rocks within Anatolia to the north. Similar detrital zircon populations characterise Early Cretaceous deltaic sandstone of the Moni Melange, S Cyprus. Sporadic Late Cretaceous subduction-related magmatism, represented by a Campanian volcaniclastic sequence (80.44±1.0 Ma) inWCyprus and a Late Campanian felsic volcanogenic sequence (72.9±1.0 Ma) in N Cyprus, represents early and more advanced stages of northward subduction during closure of the S Neotethys. Specifically, the Kannaviou Formation in W Cyprus (up to 750 m thick) is made up of deep-marine volcaniclastic sandstones that were mostly deposited by gravity flows and as air-fall tuff, interbedded with clay and radiolarian mudstones. Petrographic and geochemical analyses are indicative of a volcanic arc source, with deposition in a fore-arc basin. Petrographic evidence of terrigenous input (e.g. muscovite, muscovite schist, polycrystalline quartz) points to a subordinate continental source. Mineral chemistry is consistent with a volcanic arc origin. Elevated trace-element ratios in undevitrified volcanic glass (e.g. Th/Nb, Th/La) are indicative of involvement of continental crust or subducted terrigenous sediments in source-arc melting. Felsic volcanogenic rocks (Fourkovouno (Selvilitepe) Formation) in the Kyrenia Range, N Cyprus, occur as an up to 400 m-thick sequence of felsic tuffs, felsic debris-flowdeposits and rhyolitic lava flows. Geochemical analyses are indicative of evolved high-K and shoshonitic compositions, similar to those of the Andean active continental margin. Subduction continued to affect the northern continental margin of the S Neotethys in the Kyrenia Range during the Maastrichtian. This lead to the accumulation of Late Cretaceous sandstone turbidites and related basaltic volcanics, possibly in a back-arc setting. The volcanism took place in two phases (Late Cretaceous and Palaeogene-Early Eocene) during pelagic carbonate accumulation. These lavas have within-plate affinities, but with a variable subduction influence in some areas (e.g. western Kyrenia Range), which may be contemporaneous or inherited from previous subduction. The sedimentary sequences in the Kyrenia Range, N Cyprus, document diachronous closure of the S Neotethys. Late Cretaceous and Eocene sandstone turbidites, and the lower part of the overlying Oligocene-Miocene succession exhibit enrichment in ultramafic components that was probably sourced from ophiolite-related rocks in the Taurides to the north. In contrast, Miocene sandstone turbidites higher in the sequence show an increasing input of continent-derived siliciclastic material (and sorting effects). The terrigenous-influenced sediments are likely to represent erosion of thrust sheets that were emplaced from the S Neotethys onto the Arabian foreland in SE Turkey related to continental collision. Ediacaran-Cryogenian and Tonian-Stenian-aged zircons dominate the Late Cretaceous and Eocene sandstone turbidites, consistent with derivation from the Tauride micro-continent to the north and/or NE. Overlying Miocene sandstones include minor populations of Neoproterozoic-aged zircons, suggestive of reworking from source rocks of ultimately Gondwanan origin (e.g. NE Africa/Arabian-Nubian Shield). In summary, the thesis results exemplify the interaction of tectonic processes associated with the evolution of the S Neotethys Ocean. This began in the area studied with passive margin development (Triassic-Cretaceous), and was followed by multi-stage subduction-related volcanism and sedimentation (Late Cretaceous-Miocene). Final closure of the S Neotethys in this area took place during the Late Miocene-Recent.
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Lazarre, Jean Bossuet. "L'insertion socio-économique d'immigrant(e)s diplômé(e)s universitaires en provenance d'Haïti: Une enquête qualitative." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28764.
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Le phénomène migratoire existe depuis la nuit des temps. Même si beaucoup de chercheurs à travers le monde ont fait plusieurs études sur la question de la migration, il reste, certes, un sujet auquel on peut continuer à s'intéresser. Dépendamment de l'auteur(e) et de ce qu'il/elle recherche, la migration peut-être abordée sous différents angles. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons étudié les immigrant(e)s haïtien(ne)s hautement qualifié(e)s et leur insertion sur te caste du travail canadien. D'après le constat que nous avons fait, s'il existe plusieurs études sur cette population immigrante; nous n'avons, cependant, rien trouvé en ce qui concerne ce groupe spécifique. C'est en ce sens que nous avons jugé nécessaire de considérer directement ce groupe d'immigrant(e)s haïtien(ne)s entre au Canada entre 1990 et 2005.
La situation de sous-emploi que présentent tes statistiques canadiennes concernant les immigrante haïtien(ne)s est très préoccupante. Elle nous a incité à chercher tout d'abord à savoir si ce groupe qui a constitué notre échantillon fait parti de ceux et celles qui confrontent ce problème de sous-emploi. Notre tâche était aussi d'essayer de comprendre, dans la mesure où c'était le cas, les causes de ce problème. Nous avons, en fait, abouti à la conclusion qu'il existe une disparité entre les immigrant(e)s hautement qualifié(e)s qui sont arrivé(e)s au Canada à partir de la politique d'immigration canadienne pour les immigrant(e)s qualifié(e)s. D'une part, ils/elles sont satisfait(e)s de leur parcours au Canada; ils/elles ont un bon emploi et ont atteint en quelque sorte leurs objectifs. D'autre part, ce sont des gens qui ne sont pas tout à fait satisfaits de leur situation au Canada. Les affaires n'ont pas été selon leurs attentes; ils/elles ont fait des études comme les autres; cependant, ils/elles n'ont même pas pu décrocher un emploi à temps plein. Donc, tout le travail consistait à déterminer les causes du problème de sous-emploi où même de non emploi des gens qualifiés et prêts à travailler. C'est ce qui a été développé tout au long de notre analyse.
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Diskin, Sorcha. "Isotopic and geochemical aids to provenance studies in the Westphalian of the British Isles." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271276.
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Harris, Kate. "Ownership and readership studies in the provenance of the manuscripts of Gower's Confessio amantis /." Thesis, Online version, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.358203.
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Stibley, Frederick Trevor. "Analytic and statistical studies on the provenance and chemistry of PM [particulate matter] in London." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406657.
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Ozturk, Sema. "Use Of Solid Phase Extraction For Preconcentration Of Rare Earth Elements: Provenance Studies In Catalhoyuk Obsidians." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1206655/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Obsidian has been a center of interest both for geologists and archaeologists. Geologists have studied on physical and chemical properties of obsidian where archaeologists have worked on this material as a common artifact found in excavations.
In this study, obsidian samples from Çatalhö
yü
k excavations are examined using their rare earth element (REE) concentrations. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) have been used for this purpose. A mixture (4:1) of lithium metaborate and lithium tetraborate was used for fusion of samples. Because of the low concentrations of REEs, a preconcentration step is needed. Successful recovery results have been achieved with Amberlite IR-120. The developed method is tested using the standard reference material SARM-1.
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Bettles, Elizabeth Anne. "Phoenician amphorae of the Persian period (539-332 BC) : studies in provenance, economic complexity and control." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271599.
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Miksa, Elizabeth J. "A model for assigning temper provenance to archaeological ceramics with case studies from the American Southwest." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288805.
Full textAbstract:
Well-designed provenance studies form the basis from which questions of human economy and behavior are addressed. Pottery is often the subject of such studies, requiring geological and archaeological evidence to establish patterns of ceramic economy. A generalized theoretical and methodological framework for provenance studies is presented, followed by specific considerations for ceramic provenance studies. Four main sources of variation affect pottery composition: geological distribution of resources, geological resource variability, differential economic factors affecting resource use, and technological manipulation of materials. Post depositional alteration is also considered. This ceramic provenance model provides explicit guidelines for the assessment of geological aspects of provenance, since geological resource availability affects acquisition by humans and thus archaeological research designs, in which interdependent geological and archaeological scalar factors must be balanced against budgets. Two case studies illustrate the model. The first is of sand-tempered pottery from the Tonto Basin, Arizona, where the bedrock geology is highly variable giving rise to geographically unique sands. Zones with similar sand compositions are modeled using actualistic petrofacies, the Gazzi-Dickinson point-counting technique, and multivariate statistics. Methods used to create a petrofacies model are detailed, as is the model's application to sand tempered utilitarian sherds from three Tonto Basin project areas. Data analysis reveals strong temporal and spatial ceramic production and consumption patterns. The second is of crushed-schist-tempered Hohokam pottery. Crushed schist was often used to temper pre-Classic Hohokam plain ware pottery in central Arizona's middle Gila River valley. Systematic investigation of rocks from the Pinal Schist terrane in the middle Gila River valley was conducted to assess how many sources were exploited prehistorically, and whether schist or schist-tempered pottery were exchanged. Chemical analysis shows that the sources can be statistically discriminated from one another. Schist source data were compared to schist extracted from plain ware sherds and to unmodified pieces of schist recovered from two archaeological sites. Preliminary indications are that schist was derived from several sources. This model provides a flexible, archaeologically relevant framework for assessing temper provenance. Hopefully, archaeologists and petrologists alike will use it to define ceramic provenance research problems and communicate effective solutions to one another.
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Costa, Mafalda. "A geochemical approach to the study of archaeological glassy materials." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29209.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, knowledge from social sciences and humanities was combined with that of
natural sciences, especially Earth Sciences, to study man-made glass and faience artefacts from
selected case studies from the Iron Age and Early Modern periods.
The manufacture of man-made glassy materials relies on the exploitation of natural mineral
resources. Moreover, since glassy objects inherit the chemical fingerprint of the geological
provinces from which the raw materials used in their manufacture derive, geochemistry is essential
in provenance studies. In fact, geochemistry can be used to pinpoint the geographical origin of an
artefact, given the known proximity between primary or producing workshops and the favored
silica source, but also to understand the raw material procurement strategies of glassy producing
societies. While sand is not known to have been subjected to long-distance trade, the same cannot
be said for other main components used in the production of man-made glassy objects, particularly
the fluxing agents and (de)colorants or opacifiers. Earth Sciences, especially geochemistry, is,
therefore, essential to reconstruct trade/exchange routes of both raw materials and finished glassy
artefacts within or between different communities.
Furthermore, the identification of the raw materials used in the production of man-made glassy
artefacts, not only reveals how human societies adjust and interact with the environment but is
essential to better comprehend the technological know-how required for their manipulation and
use in the manufacture of these objects.
Ultimately, this dissertation enabled the creation of new non-destructive and minimally invasive
analytical methodologies that can be used to gain insights into glassy materials’ provenance and
production technology, and to better comprehend the history and ethnography of the communities
that produced, used, and trade or exchanged them; Resumo:
Nesta dissertação, o conhecimento das ciências sociais e humanas foi combinado com o das
ciências naturais, especialmente das Ciências da Terra, para estudar artefactos de vidro e faiança
produzidos pelo homem, usando de estudos de caso da Idade do Ferro e da Idade Moderna.
A produção de materiais vítreos depende da exploração de recursos minerais naturais. Como os
objetos vítreos herdam a assinatura química das províncias geológicas das quais derivam as
matérias-primas utilizadas na sua produção, a geoquímica é essencial nos estudos de proveniência.
Na verdade, a geoquímica pode ser usada para localizar a origem geográfica de um artefacto, dada
a proximidade conhecida entre oficinas primárias ou de produção e a fonte de sílica preferida, mas
também para compreender as estratégias de aquisição de matérias-primas das sociedades
produtoras de vidro. Embora se saiba que a areia não foi alvo de comércio de longa distância, o
mesmo não pode ser dito para outros ingredientes usados na produção de objetos vítreos,
particularmente os fundentes e os (des)colorantes ou opacificantes. As Ciências da Terra,
especialmente a geoquímica, são, portanto, essenciais para reconstruir rotas de comércio ou troca,
de matérias-primas e de artefactos vítreos, dentro ou entre diferentes comunidades.
Além disso, a identificação das matérias-primas utilizadas na produção de artefactos vítreos
produzidos pelo Homem, não só revela como as sociedades humanas interagem com o meio
ambiente que as rodeia, mas é essencial para compreender melhor o know-how tecnológico
necessário para sua manipulação e uso na produção desses objetos.
Em última análise, esta dissertação permitiu a criação de novas metodologias analíticas, não
destrutivas e minimamente invasivas, que podem ser usadas para obter informações sobre a
proveniência e tecnologia de produção de materiais vítreos, e para compreender melhor a história
e etnografia das comunidades que produziram, usaram e comercializaram estes objetos.
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Cook, Carys Patricia. "Insights into the behaviour of the Pliocene East Antarctic ice sheet from provenance studies of marine sediments using radiogenic isotopoes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/14262.
Full textAbstract:
Direct evidence for the response of Earth’s largest continental ice mass, the East Antarctic ice sheet (EAIS), to climatic warmth is extremely limited. The primary aim of this thesis is to improve understanding of the behaviour of the EAIS during the warmer-than-present Pliocene Epoch (2.58 to 5.33 million years ago). To this end, I analysed the radiogenic neodymium and strontium isotopic provenance of fine-grained (<63μm) Pliocene detrital marine sediments deposited offshore of the East Antarctic continent, which can provide information on source bedrock characteristics, continental erosional patterns and marine sediment depositional processes. In addition, I also analysed argon isotopic ages of ice-rafted hornblende grains (>150μm), to infer sites of major iceberg production events through time. Within this thesis, I present Pliocene marine sediment data from various cores drilled from the East Antarctic margin, thereby developing a detailed framework for linking provenance variability to ice sheet behaviour. My key findings have been collated into five distinct chapters, providing: i) the first evidence for significant retreat of the EAIS in the low-lying Wilkes Subglacial Basin in response to the earliest Pliocene climatic warmth; ii) insights into the benefits and pitfalls associated with utilising different tools in glaciomarine sediment provenance studies; iii) constraints on the behaviour of the EAIS and West Antarctic ice sheet during the warmth of Pleistocene super-interglacial, Marine Isotope Stage 31; iv) insights into the role of declining sea surface termperatures during the Pliocene on the flux and provenance of distally sourced ice-rafted detritus, along with evidence for potential ice sheet destabilisation events in the Aurora Subglacial Basin during Pliocene interglacials; and v) advances in understanding of the evolution of the EAIS during the Late Pliocene climatic transition, and its role in global Pliocene climate change. Hence, the findings presented within this thesis provide new and significant evidence for the behaviour of the EAIS during the Pliocene, and suggest it has in the past been more sensitive to climatic change than previously realised.
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Milot, Jean. "Utilisation des isotopes du fer pour le traçage des métaux anciens : développement méthodologique et applications archéologiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30367/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de ce travail de thèse a été de développer l'utilisation des isotopes du fer pour le traçage des métaux anciens, principalement ferreux. Notre approche méthodologique s'est articulée autour de trois axes majeurs. Le premier axe a consisté à étudier l'influence potentielle des processus métallurgiques sur la composition isotopique du fer des métaux produits. Pour cela, nous avons mesuré la composition isotopique du fer d'échantillons issus d'expérimentations de réduction de minerai de fer en bas fourneau, réalisées sur un site sidérurgique majeur de la période romaine (la Montagne Noire, Sud-Ouest de la France). Le second axe a eu pour objectif de valider ce nouveau traceur en mesurant la composition des isotopes du fer de minerais, scories et objets en fer issus d'un contexte archéologique connu et dont la provenance avait déjà été identifiée par des analyses élémentaires. Nous avons alors mesuré la composition des isotopes du fer de barres de fer principalement retrouvées dans des épaves romaines au large des Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (Bouches-du-Rhône, France). Enfin, le troisième axe a eu pour vocation d'estimer la pertinence, mais aussi les limites de ce nouvel outil en l'appliquant à deux terrains archéologiques très différents, où aucune étude de traçage classique n'avait été utilisée précédemment. Ces deux terrains concernaient la sidérurgie ancienne au Togo et la production de plomb argentifère médiévale au Maroc. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la composition isotopique du fer de la scorie et du métal produit est similaire à celle du minerai correspondant. Il n'y a donc pas de fractionnement des isotopes du fer tout au long de la chaîne opératoire de production de fer. De plus, et contrairement à certains traceurs élémentaires, les isotopes du fer ne sont pas contaminés par la paroi du four très pauvre en cet élément durant la réduction. Ceci permet ainsi d'établir des liens de provenance directs entre un objet en fer et un minerai. L'application de cette méthode de traçage à un contexte archéologique déjà largement étudié a permis de valider les hypothèses de provenance d'objets archéologiques. En outre, les isotopes du fer peuvent être plus discriminants que les éléments en trace car ils permettent notamment de différencier des productions de fer temporellement et géographiquement très proches. Le traçage est ainsi affiné. Enfin, nos résultats préliminaires suggèrent que les analyses des isotopes du fer pourraient également être appliquées à l'étude de la production de métaux non ferreux. Cette étude offre ainsi de nombreuses perspectives, telles que l'étude de la provenance de pièces de musée étant donné la faible quantité de matière nécessaire, l'établissement d'une base de données de composition isotopique du fer de minerais archéologiques et l'élaboration d'une méthode de traçage commune aux métaux ferreux et non ferreuxThe objective of this work was to develop the use of iron isotopes for ancient, essentially ferrous metal tracing. Our methodological approach was based on three major directions. The first one consisted in the assessment of the potential influence of metallurgical processes on iron isotope compositions of the reduction products. For this purpose, we measured the iron isotope composition of materials from experiments of iron ore reduction in bloomery furnace performed in a major site of iron production during the Roman period (Montagne Noire, SW France). The second direction aimed at validating this new tracer through the iron isotope measurement of ores, slags and iron artefact samples from a well-defined archaeological context, and whose provenance was previously investigated by elemental analyses. We thus measured the isotopic composition of iron bars discovered in Roman shipwrecks found offshore Les-Saintes-maries-de-la-Mer (Bouches-du-Rhône, France). Thirdly, we estimated the relevance and limitations of our new tracing approach by applying it to the study of two different archaeological fields, on which no previous provenance study had been performed. These were the ancient iron production from North East Togo and the Medieval lead-silver production in Morocco (Anti Atlas Massif). The results demonstrate that the isotopic composition of slags and metals produced reflect that of their corresponding ores because no iron isotope fractionation occurs along the entire chaîne opératoire of iron production. Moreover, and in contrast to several elemental tracers, iron isotopes are not impacted by iron contribution from the smelting device during the reduction process, which allows to establish provenance links directly between an iron artifact and a specific ore. The application of this tracing method in a well-studied archaeological context has allowed to validate the provenance assumption of several archaeological artifacts. Furthermore, iron isotopes may provide a more discriminative tracer than trace elements because a temporal and geographical distinction is possible between close iron production sites. The tracing is thus more precise. Finally, our results suggest that iron isotope analyses could also be used in the study of non-ferrous metal production. This work offers many perspectives in provenance studies of museum pieces given the very small amount of material needed, in the setup of a database of iron isotope compositions of archaeological iron ores and the establishment of a common tracing approach for both ferrous and non-ferrous metals
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Potra, Adriana. "Isotopic Studies of the Guerrero Composite Terrane, West-Central Mexico: Implications for Provenance of Crustal Rocks and Genesis of Ore Metals." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/371.
Full textAbstract:
A variety of world-class mineral deposits occur in Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks of the Guerrero terrane. New Pb isotope analyses of various crustal units and ores from distinct subterranes of the Guerrero terrane are presented to trace metal sources in these deposits and infer source reservoirs. New Sr and Nd isotope results are provided to gain insight into the provenance of the crustal rocks from the Guerrero terrane.
Triassic schist samples from the Arteaga Complex and Triassic-Jurassic phyllite and slate samples from the Tejupilco metamorphic suite contain radiogenic Pb (206Pb/204Pb = 18.701-19.256) relative to bulk earth models. Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Zihuatanejo Sequence are more radiogenic (206Pb/204Pb = 18.763-19.437) than samples from the Huetamo Sequence (206Pb/204Pb = 18.630-18.998). Tertiary intrusive rocks from La Verde, Inguaran, La Esmeralda, and El Malacate plot to the right of the average Pb crust evolution curve of Stacey and Kramers (206Pb/204Pb = 18.705-19.033). Ores from the La Verde and La Esmeralda porphyry copper deposits yield isotopic ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 18.678-18.723) that are generally less radiogenic than the host igneous rocks, but plot within the field defined by the sedimentary rocks from the Huetamo Sequence.
Tertiary intrusive rocks from the Zimapan and La Negra districts in the Sierra Madre terrane plot above and to the right of the Stacey-Kramers reference line (206Pb/204Pb = 18.804-18.972). Lead isotope ratios of ore minerals from the Zimapan and La Negra skarn mines (206Pb/204Pb = 18.775-18.975) resemble those of the associated igneous rocks, implying a magmatic Pb input in the skarn deposits.
New Sr and Nd isotope data on metamorphic rocks (87Sr/86Sr = 0.707757-0.726494 and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512109-0.512653) suggest that the basement of the Guerrero terrane originated from sources that had been derived from an old cratonic area. The narrow ranges and generally low 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.704860-0.705755) and 143Nd/144Nd values (0.512765-0.512772) above that of bulk earth for igneous rocks from Inguaran, El Malacate, and La Esmeralda suggest a relatively low degree of crustal contamination. However, the isotopic values for the La Verde site (87Sr/86Sr = 0.708784 and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512640) may indicate the involvement of a more evolved crustal component.
27
Lafrenz, Kathryn Anne. "Tracing the Source of the Elephant and Hippopotamus Ivory from the 14th Century B.C. Uluburun Shipwreck: The Archaeological, Historical, and Isotopic Evidence." Scholar Commons, 2004. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1122.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to establish the provenance of the elephant and hippopotamus ivory recovered from the 14th century B.C. Uluburun shipwreck in order to reconstruct the trade mechanisms and associated social relationships (e.g. diplomacy) operating in the eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age (LBA). Elephant ivory came either from Northeastern Libya, Southeastern Sudan via Egypt or northwestern Syria during this period. Hippopotamus ivory likewise was obtained from Syria, Palestine, or Egypt.
The Uluburun's cargo is reconstructed by the excavator, George Bass, as "royal," and primarily originates from Cyprus and Syro-Palestine. Indeed, LBA trade is largely understood as gift-exchange between ruling elites, thereby reflecting a trade system organized by and for a centralized authority. With the transition to the Iron Age, an identifiable merchant class developed and decentralized trade (relative to the preceding era) under a system of cabotage shipping. If the ivory is shown to derive from several regions instead of a single location, a revision of LBA trade must be fashioned to include ruling elites acting as "merchants" to a larger degree than previously assumed, or the web of social relationships involved in "international" diplomacy as much more intricate. Indeed, the mechanisms of the LBA trade must be established to provide a complete picture of trade, especially since the import and historical data is biased towards a simplistic, centralized trade system.
The δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O reflect the climate and vegetation of the area in which a population dwells, so that areas with similar climate/vegetation will produce similar isotopic signatures, though these areas may be geographically seperated. Nevertheless, examining 87Sr/86Sr ratios will distinguish between populations because 87Sr/86Sr mirrors the isotopic signature of the underlying rock, and is sufficiently unique to each region to warrant differentiation.
Isotopic ratio analysis (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and/or strontium) was conducted on the collagen and apatite components of the ivory using mass spectrometry to differentiate between regions and therefore provide the provenance. Ultimately a source determination utilizing HR-ICP-MS for 87Sr/86Sr was not successful. Future provenance research on ivory should employ TIMS, and consider triangulating 87Sr/86Sr against lead and neodymium isotopes.
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Germinario, Luigi. "Archaeometry of trachyte of the Euganean Hills (NE Italy): provenance quarry recognition and weathering analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423235.
Full textAbstract:
The Euganean Hills (Veneto, NE Italy) are the most important quarry district in Italy for the extraction of trachyte, which has been carried out in tens of quarries all through the centuries, from Pre-Protohistory and, more intensely, from the Roman age onwards. Trachyte of the Euganean Hills has an age-old tradition of usage as carving and building stone, mainly in northern and central Italy, e.g., for manufacturing diverse everyday items and funerary and votive artifacts, as well as for building infrastructure, monuments, and in public and private construction. An archaeometric study of Euganean trachyte is here presented following two main research directions.
The first involves the identification of criteria for recognizing provenance quarry of trachyte used in archaeological and historical materials, supported by a petrographic and geochemical database obtained from samples collected in the entire area of the Euganean Hills. The petrographic provenance tracers involve mineralogical composition and textural features of phenocrysts and groundmass, whereas the geochemical tracers comprise major- and trace-element composition of bulk rock and phenocrysts, in particular of mafic minerals. Trachyte provenance can be most precisely determined by applying multivariate relations based on phenocryst chemistry, which can be analyzed even on small, altered archaeological samples. The provenance markers were tested in a provenance study of Euganean trachyte used in Roman public infrastructure in Veneto, including roads, bridges and forum squares. The results provide insights into the commercial, political and economic dimension of the management of trachyte quarries and development of extraction activities in the Roman times, as well as into ancient trades in northern Italy and the main routes of stone circulation.
The second research topic addresses the investigation of weathering and durability of Euganean trachyte used as building stone. Weathering crusts and patinas were detected on trachyte in urban environment, and their mineralogical and microstructural characteristics, major- and trace-element chemical composition were analyzed. The alteration products, mainly involving surface enrichment in carbonates, heavy metals, and carbon, represent an informative indicator of environmental conditions, in particular air quality, and chemical stability of the rock-forming minerals of trachyte and neighboring jointing mortars. Trachyte durability was also examined by a petrophysical and mechanical characterization of quarry samples, providing elements for aiding quality assessment by conservators-restorers and building companies. Particular emphasis is placed on the properties related to absorption, transport, and retention of water and aqueous solutions, in liquid and vapor state. Depending on porosimetric characteristics, i.e., pore volume, size, size distribution, shape, and degree of interconnection, different trachyte varieties exhibit a relatively wide array of technical performances, diversely affecting their decay behavior.I Colli Euganei (Veneto) rappresentano il più importante distretto di cava in Italia per l’estrazione di rocce trachitiche, attività storicamente condotta in decine di cave e iniziata già in epoca pre-protostorica, poi intensificatasi a partire dall’età romana. L’importanza della trachite dei Colli Euganei nel patrimonio culturale, soprattutto del nord e centro Italia, si collega ad una tradizione millenaria di impiego nella manifattura di utensili e manufatti votivi e funerari, nella costruzione di infrastrutture e monumenti e nell’edilizia pubblica e privata. In questa tesi, si presentano i risultati di uno studio archeometrico della trachite euganea incanalato in due linee di ricerca principali. La prima riguarda l’identificazione di criteri per riconoscere la cava di provenienza della trachite usata in materiali di interesse archeologico e storico, supportata da un database petrografico e geochimico costruito su campioni prelevati nell’intero territorio dei Colli Euganei. I traccianti petrografici di provenienza comprendono la composizione mineralogica e le caratteristiche tessiturali dei fenocristalli e della matrice, mentre i traccianti geochimici considerano la composizione degli elementi maggiori e in traccia della roccia totale e dei fenocristalli, in particolare dei minerali femici. La maggior precisione nella determinazione della provenienza si ottiene applicando relazioni multivariate basate sulla composizione chimica dei fenocristalli, che può essere analizzata anche su campioni archeologici, spesso di dimensioni limitate e alterati. L’efficacia di questi indicatori è stata poi verificata in uno studio di provenienza della trachite euganea impiegata in Veneto in infrastrutture pubbliche di età romana, quali strade basolate, ponti e piazze forensi. I risultati di tale studio restituiscono un’idea della dimensione commerciale, politica ed economica in cui si inseriva la gestione delle cave romane e l’evoluzione delle attività estrattive, oltre a fornire informazioni sui traffici commerciali antichi sviluppatisi nel nord Italia. La seconda tematica di ricerca è impostata sullo studio del degrado e della durevolezza della trachite euganea usata come pietra da costruzione. Inizialmente, si sono individuate croste e patine di alterazione della trachite in ambiente urbano e se ne sono analizzate le caratteristiche mineralogiche e strutturali e la composizione chimica degli elementi maggiori e in traccia. I prodotti di alterazione, che si rilevano spesso come arricchimenti superficiali in carbonati, metalli pesanti e carbonio, rappresentano degli interessanti indicatori del contesto ambientale, in particolare della qualità dell’aria, e della stabilità chimica delle fasi mineralogiche della trachite e delle malte di allettamento usate sulla pietra. Infine, la durevolezza della trachite è stata esaminata attraverso una caratterizzazione petrofisica e meccanica di campioni di cava, fornendo elementi utili alla valutazione della qualità da parte di restauratori, conservatori e compagnie edili. Particolare attenzione è stata riservata alla valutazione delle proprietà legate all’assorbimento, movimento e permanenza nella pietra dell’acqua e di soluzioni acquose, allo stato liquido e gassoso. I risultati sperimentali suggeriscono che la variabilità nella resa fisico-meccanica di diversi tipi di trachite dipende primariamente dalle peculiari caratteristiche porosimetriche (volume, dimensione, distribuzione dimensionale, morfologia e grado di interconnessione dei pori), che contribuiscono quindi a determinare diversi gradi di resistenza al degrado.
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LIMONTA, MARA. "Heavy minerals: a key to unravel orogenic processes . Sediment generation and recycling at convergent plate boundaries (indo-burman-andaman-nicobar and barbados ridges)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/50093.
Full textAbstract:
Sediments can be considered geological archives as they record and preserve the signatures of ancient geological events affecting source areas. This primitive provenance signal is modified by physical and chemical processes during transport and deposition.
The present thesis is devoted to highlight the importance of heavy minerals analysis on modern sediments to refine classical provenance models, unraveling sediment sources, transport conditions, diagenetic processes and recycling phenomena.
In the first part of the thesis a classification of surface textures observed on detrital heavy mineral grains in sands and sandstones is proposed in order to enhance data reproducibility among operators and to implement the use of high-resolution heavy-mineral data in studies on sediment-generation, provenance and diagenesis. Different stages of progressive weathering are collected in numerous color tables for visual comparison. They are specifically devised to systematically collect valuable information for paleoclimatic or diagenetic interpretation during routine grain-counting operations under the microscope. This catalog (Andò et al., 2012) represents a useful subsidiary tool to reveal the different degrees of weathering for diverse minerals in modern sands of equatorial Africa, and to identify post-depositional modifications of detrital assemblages in buried orogenic sediments of the Bengal Basin. These data, integrated with the concentration of heavy minerals in each sample, provide the fundamental clue to quantify the degree of heavy-mineral depletion caused by either pre-depositional or post-depositional processes (useful to understand the development of secondary porosity and to assess the potential of water and hydrocarbon reservoirs).
The second part of the thesis focuses on two regional studies on compositional variability, provenance and long-distance trasport of terrigenous sediments from Barbados Island (Limonta et al., in prep.) and Indo-Burma-Andaman-Nicobar Ridge (Garzanti et al., 2013a).
Subduction complexes large enough to be exposed subaerially and to become significant sources of terrigenous detritus are formed by tectonic accretion above trenches choked with thick sections of remnant-ocean turbidites. They thus need to be connected along strike to a large Alpine-type or Andean-type orogen, where huge volumes of orogenic detritus are produced and conveyed via a major fluvio-deltaic system to the deep sea (Ingersoll et al., 2003).
We investigated sediment generation and recycling in the Indo-Burman-Andaman-Nicobar subduction complex, representing the archetype of such settings in the eastern prolongation of the Himalayan collisional system. “Subduction Complex Provenance” is composite, and chiefly consists of detritus recycled from largely turbiditic parent rocks (Recycled Clastic Provenance), with local supply from ultramafic and mafic rocks of forearc lithosphere (Ophiolite Provenance) or recycled paleovolcanic to neovolcanic sources (Volcanic Arc Provenance; Garzanti et al., 2007). In order to specifically investigate the effect of recycling, we characterized the diverse detrital signatures of Cenozoic sandstones deposited during subsequent stages of “soft” and “hard” Himalayan collision and exposed from Bangladesh to the Andaman Islands, and discuss the reasons for compositional discrepancies between parent sandstones and their recycled daughter sands.
A companion study was carried out with the same methodologies, rationale and goals on Barbados Island. Also modern Barbados sands are largely multicyclic, reflecting mixing in various proportions of detritus from the basal Scotland Formation (sandstones and mudrocks), their stratigraphic and tectonic cover, the Oceanic Formation (quartzose turbidites and deep-water biogenic oozes including radiolarites), and from the Pleistocene calcarenite and reef caps, as well as from volcanic layers ultimately derived from the Lesser Antilles. Mixing of detritus recycled from orogen-derived turbidites transported long distance with detritus from oceanic mèlange, pelagic sediments and younger calcareous cap rocks and in addition volcaniclastic products thus redefines the diagnostic mark of Subduction Complex Provenance as quite distinct from the original definition by Dickinson and Suczek (1979).
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Triebold, Silke [Verfasser], Hilmar von [Akademischer Betreuer] Eynatten, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Wörner. "The geochemistry of detrital rutile - Implications for sedimentary provenance studies and the reconstruction of metamorphic conditions / Silke Triebold. Gutachter: Hilmar von Eynatten ; Gerhard Wörner. Betreuer: Hilmar von Eynatten." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1042263477/34.
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Pospiech, Solveig [Verfasser], Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Ruppert, Hans [Gutachter] Ruppert, and Raimon [Gutachter] Tolosana-Delgado. "Geochemical Characterization of Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis) and Soils for Provenance Studies based on Compositional Data Analysis / Solveig Pospiech ; Gutachter: Hans Ruppert, Raimon Tolosana-Delgado ; Betreuer: Hans Ruppert." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1188886843/34.
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Socrates, Vimig. "Neuro-Integrative Connectivity: A Scientific Workflow-Based Neuroinformatics Platform For Brain Network Connectivity Studies Using EEG Data." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1561655750151063.
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Meyer, Inka [Verfasser], Jan-Berend W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Stuut, Dierk [Akademischer Betreuer] Hebbeln, and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Zabel. "Holocene climate trends in NW Africa: Inferences from grain-size distributions of terrigenous sediments and isotopic provenance studies / Inka Meyer. Gutachter: Dierk Hebbeln ; Matthias Zabel. Betreuer: Jan-Berend W. Stuut." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1071842064/34.
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Bjurman, Jens. "Elektronmusikstudion : : ett förteckningsarbete." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of ALM, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126176.
Full textAbstract:
The electronic music studio ”Elektronmusikstudion” (EMS) inStockholm was initiated in 1963. It has had several different managers throughout the years. EMS soon became a rather costly project. Furthermore there have been several conflicts among staff and users wich has contributed to EMS fairly turbulent history. One main conflict concerns the issue wether EMS should be a research facility or a studio for composers. The many different managers of EMS have contributed to a rather unstructured filing of records. To facilitate the understanding of the documents in this archive, and because there is very little written about EMS history, I’ve included a rather comprehensive description of EMS organizational history.
The subject of this one year master’s thesis is to describe and examine difficulties I’ve encountered in the archival process. My main issues comprise the organization and separation of some of the documents, especially those concerning the conception and organization of EMS and also the abundant technical documentation. Also the question of office of origin has been a concern.
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Kamikubo, Hiroshi, Makoto Takeuchi, and Kazuhiro Suzuki. "Provenance analysis based on clastic composition and CHIME age of detrital zircons on the Lower Jurassic Yamaoku Formation, Chugoku Mountains, Southwest Japan(Proceedings of the 19^ Symposium on Chronological Studies at the Nagoya University Center for Chronological Research in 2006,POSTER SESSION)." 名古屋大学年代測定資料研究センター, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13698.
Full textAbstract:
第19回名古屋大学年代測定総合研究センターシンポジウム平成18(2006)年度報告
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Pierce, Elizabeth Lane. "Antarctica's Geologic and Ice Sheet History from Isotopic Sedimentary Provenance Studies." Thesis, 2012. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8P84K0J.
Full textAbstract:
Within the constraints of uncertainty in the nature of erosion and transport in the sub-glacial environment, the study of glacialy-derived material from marine sediments located off the margin of East Antarctica provides a means for characterizing the sub-glacial geology obscured by the more than 98% ice cover of the continent. These insights into the geology of East Antarctica in turn provide characterization of sedimentary source areas, the knowledge of which can be applied to sediment provenance studies of ice rafted detritus (IRD) and thus about East Antarctic ice sheet history. Much of what has been learned of East Antarctica's Cenozoic ice sheet evolution has been achieved through the study of marine sediments, as ice sheets tend to erode their own history and much of what is preserved is, like the geology, obscured the ice sheet. Determining the provenance of ice-rafted detritus allows for spatial and temporal reconstructions of ice sheet behavior. Accordingly sedimentary provenance studies are key to documenting how Antarctica's ice sheet evolved through the Cenozoic. In this work, I have taken samples of marine sediments and used grain size and physical properties to separate different terrigenous components, and I have examined the sand fractions under a microscope. Following the sedimentological characterization, I have separated specific minerals from the sand fraction and employed isotopic measurements - 40Ar/39Ar on detrital hornblende and biotite grains, U-Pb on detrital zircons. I have also employed Nd isotope measurements on the terrigenous fine (< 63µm) fractions of these same samples. Chapter 2 is published in the journal Paleoceanography, and chapters 3 and 4 are to be submitted to Earth and Planetary Sciences and Paleoclimatology, Palaeoecology & Paleoceanography, respectively. In Chapter 2, I demonstrated that (1) four main sectors between the Ross Sea and Prydz Bay, separated by ice drainage divides, are distinguishable based upon the combination of 40Ar/39Ar ages of detrital hornblende and biotite grains and the εNd of the bulk fine fraction, (2) 40Ar/39Ar biotite ages can be used as a robust provenance tracer for this part of East Antarctica, and (3) sediments shed from the coastal areas of the Aurora and Wilkes sub-glacial basins can be clearly distinguished from one another based upon their isotopic fingerprints. This is particularly significant as the Aurora and Wilkes sub-glacial basins have elevations significantly below sea level, and thus are likely prone to being destabilized during warm climates. My work confirms and extends previous published evidence for episodes of massive ice rafting from these sectors. In Chapter 3, I addressed the relative merits of U-Pb zircon and the 40Ar/39Ar hornblende and biotite systems for sedimentary provenance studies. U-Pb zircon is a widely used detrital provenance tool. In polar and subpolar regions where chemical weathering is minor, hornblende and biotite are viable alternatives, and because they are more abundant in crystalline rocks it is possible to find significant populations in the relatively small samples that are available from marine sediment cores. My work has demonstrated that (1) detrital U-Pb zircon, 40Ar/39Ar hornblende and 40Ar/39Ar biotite ages all faithfully record the geologic history of East Antarctica, as expressed in their respective age populations, although different aspects may be accentuated in one or another (2) a number of previously unknown source regions have been identified (though not found on the continent yet) with this method (3) there is benefit to combining the three chronometers where possible as they are not completely redundant. Chapter 4 concerns the middle-Miocene climate transition (MMCT) on the Wilkes Land margin. In this study I combined 40Ar/39Ar with εNd of the terrigenous fine fraction across the MMCT in IODP Site U1356. The results from the two size fractions tell different stories and provide further support for the application of multiple tools. Specifically I found that (1) the hornblende ages in the MMCT of Site U1356 have a very dominant 1400-1550 Ma age population, which is not commonly found on the Wilkes land margin. I interpret these results, in the context of published geophysical interpretations of the sub-glacial geological boundaries, to require that the EAIS was greatly retreated in the Wilkes sub-glacial basin prior to and during the MMCT, and sat along the extension of the Mertz Shear Zone, at the western edge of the Wilkes Basin (2) While the hornblende evidence for provenance does not indicate large changes in iceberg sources, the εNd of the bulk fine fraction shows excursions to more radiogenic Nd values, 8 epsilon units higher than the local signal during times of elevated IRD concentrations at this site. The data reveal evidence for three events, which closely correspond with periods of glacial outburst floods responsible for carving part of the spectacular scabland topography (the Labyrinth) found in the Dry Valleys, and with provenance signals consistent with a significant sediment contribution from such a source and (3) the major pulse of dropstones to IODP Site U1356 occurs between ~14.0 and ~13.7 Ma, corresponding to the timing of the major pulse of IRD at ODP Site 1165 from near Prydz Bay, as well as to the timing of published records interpreted to indicate significant ice volume growth from oxygen isotope records and eustatic sea-level reconstructions. Collectively these observations allow tying together direct evidence for EAIS growth from proximal glacial-marine sediments and results from far field proxies. Overall, this work demonstrates the efficacy of isotopic and geochronological provenance tools for studying East Antarctica's geologic and ice sheet history. Furthermore the application of this approach to studying East Antarctic ice-sheet dynamics across the mid-Miocene Climate Transition (~14 Ma), one of the most important periods of East Antarctic ice sheet growth, highlights the powerful potential for future discoveries.
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CELAURO, ANGELA. "Archaeometric Investigation for Provenance Studies about Copper Metallurgy in the Phoenician and Punic Cultures." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/918318.
Full textAbstract:
The doctoral thesis regards an innovative method based on an elaboration of chemical-physical data in terms of statistics and georeferencing of copper-based alloys artefacts in the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions which underwent the influence of Phoenician-Punic cultures.
Fundamental aim of the research is the localization of areas where this influence is evidenced by the presence of artefacts which characteristics can be attributable to Phoenician and Punic presence. The chronological range considered is mostly between the Late Bronze Age (LBA) and the Early and Middle Iron Age (EIA- MIA), even if more ancient and more recent periods have been considered for coparison. The study of Phoenician-Punic archaeological sites, trade routes and the type of bronze processing have been considered broadly throughout the Mediterranean Basin and surrounding areas (but also atlantic and continental areas), leading to the production of databases containing information on archaeological settlements, mines and ore basins, and compositional data coming from literature or obtained from the analyses of bronze artefacts (SEM-EDS and EDXRF analyses), managed through an unprecedented application of Geographic Information System (GIS tool). So the GIS application includes data coming from archaeometric analytical sessions and from analogous researches published on specialised literature, carried out on samples of different typologies. The collected databases were elaborated on the basis of statistics-mathematic methods, in particular Principal Component Analysis (PCA), while frequency distributions and Box-Whisker diagrams have been used for the study of smaller datasets. The production of manufactures (small size metal statuary), connected to religious worship, were addressed in Alentejo, Portugal (Evora and Alcacer do Sal) and in Sardinia, Italy (Cagliari and Sassari). The mining and the production of slags and semi-finished products have been examined for Moroccan area (especially in Meknes Region) while metal artefacts of Roman period from Volubilis archaeological settlement have been analysed in the light of a probable technological conservatism between Punics and Romans. The production of bronze Punic coins was deepened for a private collection (Collection M. Viola) and through the study of Punic and neo-Punic finds in France, Belgium and in lesser extent in Northern continental Europe areas. The results have been interpreted with a unique perspective, so as to allow a new vision on the Phoenician presence an bronze production in the areas where they settled. Further result is the elaboration of a useful tool for the archaeological research that is reproducible in several fields, even different from the ancient metallurgy studies.
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Purver, William Harvey. "Function, competence and the external structure of provenance: a case study of a municipal corporation." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3791.
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The characterization of function and authority relations of an entity provides
the basis for representing what has been termed the "external structure of
provenance." Such a representation enables an understanding of the administrative
context in which an organizational entity and its agents conduct their activities and,
in turn, illuminates the manner in which the records of an entity are created and
maintained.
The study applies a methodology enabling the mapping of the characterizable
elements of function and competence of an entity over time and through the
administrative hierarchy of its structure. Terms of analysis relating to the
application of the concept of function are established, as are those relating to the
structure of the entity. These provide a consistent means to identify the role and
status of juridical persons comprising the organizational entity and to illustrate the
nature of their activities in processes established to satisfy the entity's functional
requisites.
The municipal corporation of Richmond, British Columbia, is the subject of a
case study serving to confirm the validity of terms in which external structure can be
analyzed. The study first examines the purposeful nature of the entity's activities
through their functional characterization. It then examines the nature of authority
relations inherent in the entity's organizational design and manifest through
organizational process and role defining the nature of its structure. The study then demonstrates how the resulting authority relationships, along with the competences
of the entity, can be identified in processes of activity fulfilment as components of a
system of purposive activity representing the entity as a unitary, organic whole.
The functional-structural analysis of system provides the context for
understanding activity manifest through observable processes by elements comprising
the entity's organizational structure. The conceptual framework which results
establishes the basis upon which the whole of the records of a municipal corporation
can be viewed as constituting a fonds. The thesis concludes by examining some of
the implications of the analysis for various aspects of archival practice.
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Han, Ming-Chi, and 韓明琦. "Studies on 12 years growth variation of provenances of Casuarina equisetifolia in Taiwan." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96054248593803870574.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中興大學
森林學系所
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Casuarinas equisetifolia has a wide nature range. It’s still the most important trees of windbreak on the first coast line in Taiwan because of it has few and scattered form let winds flow and it can fixed flow sand and to adapt drought. In the 1992, Taiwan had a cooperation international provenance test of C. equisetifolia with the Winrock International Agriculture Development Research Institute. This report study on the variation of provenance for analysis significance tests, assess broad-sense heritability and variance components to understand the genetic characteristic. Test the Pearson’s correlation of growth and applied regression analysis to try to find the best provenance and the age for early selection. To Applied the factor analysis with principal components solution for morphological characteristic of joint assessed to understand characteristics of provenances. Understand the correlation and space distribution between the provenances that to apply the factor analysis with principal components solution and Cluster analysis. The result of that the 28 provenances had large environmental effect both in Sihhu and Penghu. Height, DBH and survival percentage had a significant between provenances in almost age classes. Except the survival value 0.9 in Sihhu on broad-sense heritability, the value of others between 0.4~0.7. Result of the variance components, the genetic variance had effected from environmental variance. Propose to 5 year can be the early selection age, Papua New Guinea (No. 12)、Philippines (No. 23)、Sabah (No. 18, 17)、Australia (No. 1) are the best provenances in Sihhu. The five characteristic from the morphological characteristic of joint assess: coarse and long in branchlets or branches, large height and DBH as small stem damage, great axis persistence and stem straightness, large angle of branches. The geographic variation exists among provenances from the provenances variation. On the space distribution, natural population from Australia/Pacific and South-East Asia had two forming a separate group and there had no significant cline in provenances.
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Hull, Sharon Kaye. "Turquoise exchange and procurement in the Chacoan World." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/8874.
Full textAbstract:
The large amount of turquoise artifacts recovered from archaeological sites in the American Southwest and Mesoamerica suggests that turquoise was an important commodity in pre-Columbian trade networks. However, the spatial and temporal patterns of turquoise exchange networks and the provenance regions of the turquoise in the southwestern United States and Mesoamerica are poorly understood. Turquoise (CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8•4(H2O)) is a supergene mineral that forms from meteoric water along fractures that are often associated with copper porphyry deposits. This copper-rich mineral can range in color and chemistry within a single sample or deposit. The ability to identify the turquoise resource areas of turquoise artifacts using the stable isotopes of hydrogen (2H/1H) and copper (65Cu/63Cu) has overcome many of the limitations of trace element analyses of complex minerals such as turquoise. The geography and geology of turquoise deposits dictate the isotopic composition of turquoise.
Employing the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) technique to measure the hydrogen and copper stable isotope ratios in turquoise samples, a comparative reference database consisting of 876 analyses from 21 turquoise resource areas in the western United States was established. Sixty-two turquoise artifacts recovered from Aztec Ruin, Salmon Ruin, and nine sites in Chaco Canyon were analyzed and their isotopic signatures were compared to the reference database identifying the turquoise resource areas of 35 artifacts. These results were compared to pre-existing models of trade and exchange in the American Southwest and models that explain the complex culture history of the inhabitants of these sites. The results showed that turquoise was obtained from several different turquoise provenance regions across the western United States and there are notable differences in the turquoise procurement patterns between the three major great houses and between Pueblo Bonito and the small sites within Chaco Canyon.
The results from this study improved the understanding of turquoise trade and relationships among the occupants of important Ancestral Puebloan sites in northwestern New Mexico. The development of the turquoise comparative reference database established the foundation of future research for reconstruction of ancient turquoise trade networks and investigation of turquoise procurement strategies in the American Southwest and Mesoamerica.
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"USE OF SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION FOR PRECONCENTRATION OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS: PROVENANCE STUDIES IN ÇATALHÖYÜK OBSIDIANS." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1206655/index.pdf.
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Triebold, Silke. "The geochemistry of detrital rutile - Implications for sedimentary provenance studies and the reconstruction of metamorphic conditions." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B2FE-F.
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Pospiech, Solveig. "Geochemical Characterization of Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis) and Soils for Provenance Studies based on Compositional Data Analysis." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C137-5.
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E, Zhong Xin, and 鄂忠信. "Provenance studies by fission-track ages of the detrital zircons from the upper oligocene to pleistocene series, Taiwan." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16061308529285139207.
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Brettell, Rhea C., Janet Montgomery, and J. A. Evans. "Brewing and stewing: the effect of culturally mediated behaviour on the oxygen isotope composition of ingested fluids and the implications for human provenance studies." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5804.
Full textAbstract:
No'Small beer', 'wort drinks' and 'pottage' may have been regularly consumed by children during the Medieval Period. This culturally mediated behaviour could have affected the oxygen isotope composition of their water intake beyond that which is accommodated in the current conversion equations used in archaeological studies to assess environmental origins. Experimental data shows that brewing may increase the δ18O value of ale by 1.3‰ over that of the initial water ('liquor') used, boiling water to make hot drinks raises the δ18O value of the fluid consumed by ~0.4‰ and slow-cooking using a large stew pot results in an increase in the oxygen isotope composition of the 'pottage' by an average of 10.2‰ after 3 hours of cooking. Thus, if ingested fluids included 20% from ale, 10% from 'teas' and 20% from stews (the latter increased from -7.0‰ to +3.2‰ by three hours of cooking) then the overall effect on the calculated drinking water value from the tooth enamel will be +2.3‰ .
NERC
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CZELUSNIAK, CAROLINE. "Development of the time-resolved ion beam luminescence technique and its application to the provenance studies of lapis lazuli." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1026012.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this work was to implement the time-resolved ion beam induced luminescence (TRIBIL) technique at the pulsed beam facility (DEFEL) of the LABEC laboratory. By sending the signal from a detector directly to a sampling ADC, it was possible to perform direct time-resolved measurements.
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Durali-Müller, Soodabeh [Verfasser]. "Roman lead and copper mining in Germany : their origin and development through time, deduced from lead and copper isotope provenance studies / von Soodabeh Durali-Müller." 2006. http://d-nb.info/979507677/34.
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MARRESE, GIOVANNA. "Studio archeometrico di ceramica figulina in stile Serra d’Alto e a fasce rosse (V millennio a.C.): centri di produzione, tecnologia e scambi di prodotti finiti in Italia sudorientale." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917989.
Full textAbstract:
Serra d’Alto-style and red bands figulina pottery remains (Middle Neolithic), from multiple settlements in Apulia region (southeastern Italy), were investigated and compared with clays collected near Neolithic villages. The integration of archaeometric results allowed us to understand the choices of raw material, the execution techniques and the social organization of production.
All samples were subjected to petrographic, mineralogical, microstructural and chemical analyses respectively by Optical Microscopy (OM), X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Chemical data were statistically processed by Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Cluster Analyses (CA).
The valuable figulina pottery was manufactured in few specialized production centers, close to special clay outcrops and firing at high temperatures. The composition of the marly clay used matches the Subappennina clay, available only in quarries from a quite small area. We believe that the producers discarded Terra rossa clay, immediately available in several outcrops of the region, inadequate for its properties.The production was standardized and made by specialized artisans, most likely on a large scale. Trade was the main mechanism of pottery distribution in the region.
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Coutinho, Inês. "New insights into 17th and 18th century glass from Portugal: study and preservation." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19089.
Full textAbstract:
Early Modern glass from the Iberian Peninsula has - so far - seldom been investigated. The project, combining chemical analysis with a stylistic approach, and focusing on composition and technology, aims to characterise glass objects circulating in the national territory, in an attempt to identify their origins and to eventually bring to light a Portuguese centre of glass production.
The chemical composition of more than 200 glass fragments was determined by means of μ-PIXE down to a level of tens of μg/g. The results obtained allowed one to select some objects to further extend the analysis to the trace and rare earth elements (REE) down to the ng/g level, through the use of LA-ICP-MS. Glass colours and natural hues were studied by means of UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy and, when necessary, enamels were studied by means of μ-EDXRF and μ- Raman microscopy.
From all the objects analysed, it was possible to conclude that the great majority of the glass dating upto the 17th century, is of a soda-lime-silica type, which indicates a Mediterranean tradition. Venetian or façon-de-Venise shapes were identified, and for some of them a Venetian provenance was confirmed. For other façon-de-Venise shapes, the composition presented differences that led to the conclusion that new façon-de-Venise production centres could be recognised. From the only assemblage containing glass fragments dated to the medieval period, it was possible to attest the
presence of Venetian glass in the Portuguese territory from at least the 14th century.
Additional objects showed particular compositional features, such as high and very high alumina contents for instance, that, as far as it is known, do not match up with any of the known glass production centres in Europe. Allying the stylistic characteristics with the glass chemical composition, allowed one to identify some objects possibly belonging to a Portuguese production.
Several glass fragments belonging to wine bottles were retrieved from archaeological excavations in Lisbon and were chemically characterised. The chemical analysis revealed an HLLA composition for all of them. For some of these fragments it was possible to propose an English provenance. Besides the chemical characterisation, a systematic analysis of the bottle shape was proposed since the shape can be an important factor in determining its chronology.
A small percentage of the fragments were identified chemically as having mixed-alkali compositions, potassium-rich glass, and lead glass compositions. The latter two chemical formulations were found among the assemblages from Lisbon and the objects with these compositions were dated to the 18th century. These constitute evidence that Portugal followed European tendencies in their glass and its compositions.
This is the first systematic chemical characterisation of Early Modern glass circulating in Portugal, providing new insights into trade between Portugal and its trade allies.
As a part of the study, and to prolong the survival of these glass assemblages, simple and low cost optical sensors were developed for the in situ detection of the organic pollutant formic acid, which is emitted by materials usually used in storage and in the display of glass. The detection of the presence of this acid can play an important role in the preservation of this valuable heritage; glass.