Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prove PISA'

Perchè, nelle competenze di matematica, i risultati riportati dagli studenti della Svizzera Italiana sono migliori di quelli dell'Italia? Domanda interessante in quanto nei due Paesi confinanti si utilizza la stessa lingua e in più molti italiani, lasciano l'Italia per trasferirsi in Ticino, una realtà quindi con cui l'Italia si confronta. Vengono presi in considerazione vari aspetti per cercare di dare una risposta.

In questa tesi si analizza il divario territoriale degli apprendimenti in matematica emergente dalle rilevazioni e dagli studi effettuati dall'OCSE PISA e dall'INVALSI. Si propone una sperimentazione effettuata nelle scuole per approfondire eventuali aspetti didattici.

Nella seguente tesi viene fornita un’analisi dello sviluppo del calcolo delle probabilità. Ne primo capitolo è presente un excursus storico che ripercorre l’evoluzione di questa disciplina attraverso i secoli. Segue un capitolo dedicato alla didattica della probabilità con l’analisi di alcune indagini sulla valutazione degli studenti che vengono fatte a livello internazionale e nazionale. Inoltre, è stata condotta un’indagine locale in un Istituto Secondario Superiore. Nel terzo ed ultimo capitolo, si propone un’applicazione concreta del calcolo delle probabilità analizzando alcuni giochi d’azzardo con l’ausilio di software quali Mathematica e Matlab per mettere in luce l’iniquità di tali giochi.

This essays aim is to examine the different reading process categories tested in PISA's survey as well as the national test in Swedish and how it is tested. Furthermore, the aim is to compare it with the skills and knowledge regarding reading required in the syllabus and the reading process categories that are included in the knowledge requirements. Three questions have been asked: Which reading process categories are tested in PISA's reading comprehension and how are they tested? Which reading process categories are tested in the national exam in reading comprehension for grade 9 and how are they tested? What knowledge and skills regarding reading is required in the syllabus and which reading process categories are visible in the knowledge requirements for Swedish subjects in Lgr11 for years 7-9? To answer these questions, a qualitative and quantitative content analysis has been made and the theoretical point for the essay is PISA's reading framework on reading process categories. The result shows that all three reading process categories are present in both the PISA survey, the national exam and the curriculum from 2011 for the compulsory school, preschool class and the recreation center’s knowledge requirements for the subject Swedish. The analysis also reveals that there are some similarities and differences between the PISA survey of 2009 and the national exam from 2012/2013. Such a similarity is that "integrate and interpret" is the reading process category that gets the largest space in both the PISA survey and the national test. Regarding the syllabus "reflect and evaluate" is the most appearing reading process category.

Syftet med denna studie är att fördjupa förståelsen för eventuella samband mellan förekomst av matematiska symboler och matematikuppgifters svårighetsgrad. I studien har matematikuppgifter från PISA 2003 och Nationella prov i matematik A, B och C på gymnasiet analyserats utifrån vilka typer av matematiska symboler de innehåller. Resultatet av denna analys har sedan med hjälp av statistisk korrelationsanalys jämförts med uppgifternas lösningsfrekvenser samt hur höga krav på läsförmåga uppgiften ställer. Studiens resultat visar att sambanden mellan förekomst av olika symboltyper och dess lösningsfrekvenser är för svaga för att någon definitiv slutsats ska kunna dras. Korrelationsanalysen visar dock att ett något starkare samband finns mellan förekomsten av bokstavssymboler i matematikuppgifter och låga lösningsfrekvenser än för någon av de andra symboltyperna. När förekomsten av olika symboltyper jämförs med hur höga krav uppgiften ställer på läsförmåga finns det inget som tyder på att förekomsten av olika symboltyper har något samband med hur höga krav på läsförmåga en uppgift ställer.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka vad forskningen säger om vilken slags läsning som testas i de nationella proven och PISA, svenska elevers resultatutveckling i PISA över tid, samt att redogöra för undervisningsmetoder för läsförståelse. Resultaten visar att de läsarter som prövas i de bägge proven är relativt lika, men att vissa läsarter får olika stort utrymme i de olika proven. Svenska elevers läsförståelse utifrån PISA visar sig ha försämrats över tid. Gällande undervisningsmetoderna redogörs det för två olika metoder där störst fokus har lagts på litteratursamtalet.

L'elaborato tratta, inizialmente, le differenze tra i test che si svolgevano nel passato e quelli attuali e il procedimento seguito per lo svolgimento delle prove, prendendo come esempio le modalità di esecuzione di Mercedes-Benz nel laboratorio di Stoccarda su una GLE. In seguito viene analizzata più nel dettaglio l’unità PEMS, che rappresenta una nuova tecnologia in grado di misurare le emissioni inquinanti svolgendo una prova direttamente su strada. Lo studio dei crash test viene svolto mettendo in luce come si quantifica la severità di un incidente; gli incidenti stradali costituiscono la seconda causa di morte nella fascia d’età compresa tra i 15 e i 29 anni e, quindi, ho ritenuto importante approfondire come le case automobilistiche debbano adoperarsi per rendere i propri veicoli più sicuri possibile. Sono prese in considerazione le caratteristiche dei manichini utilizzati ed i sensori montati su di essi e vengono mostrate le prove effettuate dall’ente europeo Euro NCAP e le valutazioni che ne derivano. Infine, ho spiegato come le aziende produttrici di auto debbano testarle accuratamente su svariati tipi di circuiti e con differenti prove specifiche per analizzare ogni possibile aspetto ed essere in grado di acquisire più dati significativi possibile: si passa, quindi, da zone ad alta velocità a zone più lente, passando per tratti in fuoristrada o con strade dissestate, per giungere ad altri in salita con pendenze rilevanti, fino a strade cittadine con dossi e buche, il tutto per fornire al cliente un prodotto sicuro ed efficiente.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka i hur stor utsträckning olika läsarter övas och prövas i svenskundervisningen i gymnasieskolan. Resultaten jämförs med vilka läsarter som förordas i gymnasieskolans läroplan och vilka läsarter som testas i de nationella proven och i PISA:s läsförståelsedelar. Resultaten visar att det finns en stor spridning i svenskämnet gällande vilka läsarter som testas i de olika kurserna. De läsarter som är vanligast förekommande i svenskämnet i stort är de innehållsbaserade läsarterna. Resultatet visar också att lärarna i stor utsträckning följer Skolverkets centrala innehåll för respektive kurs men att det finns en skillnad i vilka läsarter som premieras i läroplaner, undervisning och de nationella proven jämfört med PISA:s läsförståelsedelar.

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A flora??o ? um processo vital durante o ciclo de vida das plantas e ? marcado pela convers?o do meristema apical vegetativo em reprodutivo devido a intera??es de fatores internos e externos ? planta. Apesar de amplo conhecimento ter sido gerado nessa ?rea, ainda se conhece muito pouco sobre o processo de flora??o e frutifica??o em tomateiro. Pesquisas anteriores realizadas pelo nosso grupo identificaram o cDNA hom?logo a Prote?na Reprimida por Auxina (ARP) em bibliotecas subtrativas reprodutivas de tomateiro. Existem poucos dados sobre a prote?na ARP na literatura, h? relatos de que o gene ARP est? relacionado com a matura??o do fruto em morango, dorm?ncia da gema lateral em ervilha e matura??o do p?len em tabaco, mas a fun??o da prote?na ARP ainda n?o est? clara. Portanto, o intuito deste trabalho foi compreender o papel da prote?na ARP no desenvolvimento vegetativo e nos processos de flora??o e frutifica??o por meio da perda e/ou do ganho de fun??o deste cDNA em plantas transg?nicas de tomateiro contendo o cassete de superexpress?o em orienta??o senso e antissenso para este cDNA. Dessa forma, foram observadas algumas altera??es fenot?picas e estruturais nas plantas transg?nicas (35S::SlARP antissenso e senso), como flora??o e frutifica??o precoce verificada nas plantas 35S::SlARP antissenso nas gera??es T1 a T4, em rela??o ?s controles (transformada com o plasm?deo vazio e n?o transformada). Na an?lise histol?gica, notaram-se ?vulos maduros nas flores das plantas 35S::SlARP antissenso (gera??es T2 a T4), enquanto que as flores das controles n?o apresentaram ?vulos maduros no mesmo per?odo de tempo. Outra modifica??o observada foi o n?mero superior de gemas laterais desenvolvidas nas plantas 35S::SlARP antissenso nas gera??es T3 e T4 quando comparado ?s plantas 35S::SlARP senso e ?s plantas controles (transformada com o plasm?deo vazio e n?o transformada) . Essas produziram ramos com folhas, flores e frutos. Assim como altera??es estruturais nos pec?olos das plantas 35S::SlARP antissenso, incluindo uma aparente quantidade maior de elementos de vaso (xilema e floema) do que os pec?olos as plantas 35S::SlARP senso e mutantes relacionados ? sinaliza??o da auxina (dgt e entire) e plantas controles. Portanto, estes dados sugerem que a prote?na ARP possa estar envolvida na flora??o, frutifica??o e na dorm?ncia das gemas axilares em tomateiro.
Flowering is a vital process during the plant life cycle and it is characterized by the conversion from the vegetative apical meristem into reproductive meristem due to internal and external factors. Despite the considerable knowledge has been produced in this field, not much is known about the flowering and fruiting process in tomato. Furthermore, previous research from our group has identified a cDNA with homology to AUXIN REPRESSED PROTEIN (ARP) in reproductive subtractive libraries from tomato. In the literature, there are few reports where the ARP gene has been associated to fruit ripening in strawberry, dormancy in pea and pollen maturation in tobacco plants, but it is not clear the ARP protein function yet. Therefore, the aim of this work was to understand the role of ARP protein in vegetative development, flowering and fruit set processes through the loss and/or gain of function using this cDNA in transgenic tomato plants with the overexpression cassette constructs in sense and antisense cDNA orientation. Thus, it was observed some phenotypic and structural modifications in transgenic plants (35S::SlARP antisense and sense) such as early flowering and fruiting that was observed in 35S::SlARP antisense plants from the T1 to T4 progeny when compared to controls plants (with the empty vector and wild type plant). In the histological analysis, it was observed mature ovule in 35S::SlARP antisense flowers (progeny T2 to T4), while for the controls plant it wasn?t observed a mature ovule at the same period of time. The other modification observed was a higher number of lateral buds developed in 35S::SlARP antisense plants (progeny T3 and T4) when compared to 35S::SlARP sense and controls plants. These plants produced branches with leaves, flowers and fruits. Besides, it has been observed some structural changes in the petioles from 35S::SlARP antisense plants, including a high number of vessel elements (xylem and phloem) when compared to 35S::SlARP sense, and to dgt and entire mutants (related to auxin signaling) and controls plants (with empty vector and wild type plant). Therefore, these data suggest that ARP protein may be involved in flowering, fruit set and dormancy of axillary buds in tomato.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-19T11:27:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Jos? Claudio Bezerra M. Junior.pdf: 1045163 bytes, checksum: d759d4bffb13bbf9696edda30c7326f2 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T11:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Jos? Claudio Bezerra M. Junior.pdf: 1045163 bytes, checksum: d759d4bffb13bbf9696edda30c7326f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-02
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The determination of digestible lysine requirements for Nile tilapia is essential to adjust the correct balance of amino acids in it?s food. Lysine is the amino acid reference for studies in ideal protein, which is currently an important concept in animal nutrition once it allows a reduction in the protein amount of the diet without compromising performance, and furthermore reducing the nitrogen excretion and eutrophication risks of the water. This study aimed to determine the digestible lysine requirement for Nile tilapia in the final phase of growth (500 to 600 g of body weight). Isocaloric and isoproteic experimental diets were utilized with different levels of digestible lysine in each formulation. The amounts of L-lysine HCl 78% used were 0.000; 0.388; 0.776; 1.164, and 1.552% replacing the ingredient glutamic acid 99%; which adjust the treatments to 0.932; 1.23; 1.53; 1.83, and 2.14% of digestible lysine. Nile tilapia weighing 519 g making a sum of 300 animals were utilized in this experiment. They were distributed in 25 water tanks each one measuring a 1000 liters using a renewable system of water. The pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity and conductivity were monitored daily and ammonia was measured weekly. Slaughters happened when fishes reached 28 and 50 days counting from the beginning of the experiment. The following animal science aspects were evaluated at the end: weight gain (WG), daily weight gain ratio (DWGR), specific growth rate (SGR), food intake (FI), consumption of digestible lysine (CDL), food conversion (FC) protein efficiency gain (PEG), lysine efficiency gain (LEG), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), protein deposition rate (PDR), Daily fat deposition rate (DFDR), protein retention efficiency (PRE), and survival rate (SR). The data was interpreted by analysis of variance with 5% probability. There was quadratic effect for GP, CA, TCE, ELG, EPG. The estimated value of lysine for both the largest GP and the best CA is 1.31% digestible lysine. There was no significant differency regarding the food intake, carcass or filet characteristics. This result is in part due to the fact of the gain being proportional throughout the body of the fish. In the second slaughter were obtained quadratic effect in the ether extract and carcass moisture. The Nile tilapia in the weight range of 500 to 600 grams of body weight presents the requirement for 1.31% of digestible lysine, corresponding to 5.31% of digestible dietary protein and 0.431% per Mcal of digestible energy for greater weight gain and better food conversion in it?s experiment conditions
A determina??o da exig?ncia de lisina para a til?pia-do-Nilo ? importante para a elabora??o de ra??es com adequado balanceamento de amino?cidos. A lisina ? o amino?cido refer?ncia nos estudos de prote?na ideal, um conceito relevante atualmente uma vez que permite a redu??o na quantidade de prote?na da ra??o sem comprometimento do desempenho, diminuindo ainda a excre??o de nitrog?nio para a ?gua e o risco de eutrofiza??o. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar a exig?ncia em lisina digest?vel para a til?pia-do-Nilo na fase de 500 a 600 g de peso vivo. Foram utilizadas dietas experimentais que consistiram em ra??es isocal?ricas, isoproteicas e com valores crescentes de lisina digest?vel. A L-lisina HCl 78% foi utilizada com valores crescentes (0,000; 0,388; 0,776; 1,164 e 1,552%), em substitui??o ao ingrediente ?cido glut?mico (99%), perfazendo os tratamentos com 0,932; 1,23; 1,53; 1,83 e 2,13% de lisina digest?vel. Foram utilizadas 300 til?pias-do-Nilo com peso m?dio de 519 g e distribu?dos em 25 caixas d??gua de 1000 L em sistema aberto de circula??o de ?gua. O pH, oxig?nio dissolvido, temperatura, salinidade e condutividade da ?gua foram monitorados diariamente e a am?nia foi medida semanalmente. Foram realizados 2 abates, aos 28 dias e aos 50 dias de experimento. Foram avaliados os seguintes ?ndices zoot?cnicos: ganho de peso (GP), ganho de peso di?rio (GPD), taxa de crescimento espec?fico (TCE), ingest?o alimentar (IA), consumo de lisina digest?vel (CLD), convers?o alimentar (CA), efici?ncia proteica para ganho (EPG), efici?ncia de lisina para ganho (ELG), efici?ncia de reten??o de nitrog?nio (ERN), taxa de deposi??o de prote?na (TDP), taxa de deposi??o di?ria de gordura (TDG), efici?ncia de reten??o de prote?na (ERP) e taxa de sobreviv?ncia (TS). Os dados foram interpretados por meio de an?lise de vari?ncia a 5% de probabilidade. Houve efeito quadr?tico para GP, CA, TCE, ELG, EPG, sendo o valor estimado de lisina tanto para o maior GP quanto para a melhor CA de 1,31% de lisina digest?vel. N?o houve diferen?a significativa para o consumo de ra??o, rendimento de carca?a, rendimento de fil?, caracter?sticas da carca?a e do fil?. Esses resultados se devem em parte ao fato do ganho ter sido proporcional em todo o corpo do peixe. No segundo abate houve efeito quadr?tico no extrato et?reo e na umidade da carca?a. A Til?pia-do-Nilo na faixa de peso de 500 a 600 gramas de peso vivo apresenta a exig?ncia de 1,31% de lisina digest?vel, que corresponde a 5,31% da prote?na digest?vel da dieta e a 0,431%/Mcal de energia digest?vel para o maior ganho de peso e melhor convers?o alimentar nas condi??es deste experimento.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-10T13:03:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Daniel da Silva Guedes Junior .pdf: 3397672 bytes, checksum: fea6a394bbb430b666ddc9c054a24c27 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T13:03:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Daniel da Silva Guedes Junior .pdf: 3397672 bytes, checksum: fea6a394bbb430b666ddc9c054a24c27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-10
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil.
The geographic distribution of bovine borreliosis is determined by the dispersion of its vector. Borrelia theileri is the predominant species in cattle, and B. coriaceae and B. burgdorferi also been reported causing clinical disease. B. theileri cause mild disease in cattle, and still is important for its potential to be confused with the spirochete of Lyme disease, B. burgdorferi, and agents of epizootic bovine abortion, B. coriaceae. In Brazil, as well as in other South American countries, the agent of this disease has not been isolated further confusing the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to identify genotypically Borrelia sp that affects cattle in Brazil. DNA extraction, was performed from blood and ticks of cattle with positive serology by indirect ELISA with crude antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi. Primers were designed for genes of Borrelia burgdorferi and B. theileri groups: 16S, flaA, flaB, GroEL, hbb, recA, 5s-23s, p66, rrs, rpoB and glpq. After the PCR reaction, only the primers amplified rrs and rpoB sequences. The predictive amino acid sequence of RRS3 revealed 99% homology with B. hermsii and B. duttonii and predictive amino acid sequence of RPOB showed 67% homology with B. duttonii and B. recurrentis. This suggests that the species of Borrelia sp present in Brazil is not owned by group B. burgdorferi. Little is known regarding the genetic variability of genes that encode membrane proteins of Brazilian isolates of A. marginale. The products of these genes constitute an important tool, as there may be significant antigen polymorphism, which may damage cross-protection between isolates and the chances of identifying candidate immunogens. The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of conservation of sequences of these genes in a Brazilian isolate of A. marginale comparing with Saint Maries and Florida isolates. For this, primers were designed to amplify the genes omp1, omp4, omp5, omp7, omp8, omp10, omp14, omp15, sodb, opag1, opag3, virb3, am097 (VirB9-1), am956 (PepA), am254 (ef-tu), am854 by PCR. The genes were then sequenced by Sanger method and the predicted amino acid sequences aligned and homology analyzed by the program CLUSTAL W. With the exception of OMP 7 all proteins (OMP1, OMP4, OMP5, OMP8, OMP10, OMP14, OMP15, SODB, OPAG1, OPAG3, VIRB3, VIRB9-1, PepA, EF-Tu, AM854) exhibited homology greater than 92% with other A. marginale isolates. However, only OMP1, OMP5, EF-Tu, VirB3, SODB, VIRB9-1 e AM854 showed homology greater than 72% regarding to A. marginale centrale which confers cross-protection against A. marginale.
A distribui??o geogr?fica da borreliose bovina ? determinada pela dispers?o do seu vetor. Borrelia theileri ? a esp?cie predominante em bovinos, sendo que B. burgdorferi e B. coriaceae tamb?m foram relatadas causando doen?a cl?nica. Portanto, B. theileri causa doen?a leve em bovinos, e ainda ? importante pelo seu potencial em ser confundido com a espiroqueta da Doen?a de Lyme, B. burgdorferi, e com agentes do Aborto Epizo?tico bovino, B. coriaceae. No Brasil, assim como em outros pa?ses Sul americanos, o agente desta enfermidade ainda n?o foi isolado prejudicando ainda mais o diagn?stico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi ? identifica??o genot?pica da esp?cie de Borrelia sp que acomete bovinos no Brasil. Foram utilizados para extra??o de DNA, o sangue e carrapatos de bovinos com sorologia positiva ao ELISA indireto com ant?geno bruto para Borrelia burgdorferi. Foram desenhados oligonucleot?deos iniciadores para genes dos grupos Borrelia burgdorferi e B. theileri: 16S, flaA, flaB, groel, hbb, recA, 5s-23s, p66, rrs, rpob e glpq. Ap?s a rea??o de PCR, somente os oligonucleot?deos iniciadores rrs e rpob amplificaram seq??ncias. A seq??ncia preditiva de amino?cidos de RRS3 revelou homologia de 99% com B. hermsii e B. duttonii e a seq??ncia preditiva de amino?cidos de RPOB demonstrou 67% de homologia com B. duttonii e B. recurrentis. Isto sugere que a esp?cie de Borrelia presente no Brasil n?o seja pertencente ao grupo de B. burgdorferi. Pouco se sabe sobre a variabilidade gen?tica dos genes que codificam prote?nas de membrana de isolados brasileiros de A. marginale. O produto destes genes constitui uma ferramenta importante, pois pode haver polimorfismo antig?nico, que pode prejudicar a prote??o cruzada entre os isolados e as chances de identifica??o de candidatos a imun?genos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o grau de conserva??o das seq??ncias destes genes em um isolado brasileiro de A. marginale frente aos isolados Saint Maries, Florida e A. marginale centrale. Para tanto, oligonucleot?deos foram desenhados para amplificar os genes omp1, omp4, omp5, omp7, omp8, omp10, omp14, omp15, sodb, opag1, opag3, virb3, am097 (VirB9- 1), am956 (PepA), am254 (ef-tu), am854 por PCR. Os genes foram ent?o seq?enciados pelo m?todo de Sanger e as seq??ncias preditas de amino?cidos alinhadas e a homologia analisada atrav?s do programa CLUSTAL W. Com exce??o de OMP 7 todas as demais (OMP1, OMP4, OMP5, OMP8, OMP10, OMP14, OMP15, SODB, OPAG1, OPAG3, VIRB3, VIRB9-1, PepA, EF-Tu, AM854) apresentaram n?veis de homologia de 92 a 100% entre os isolados de A. marginale. Destas, apenas OMP1, OMP5, EF-Tu, VirB3, SODB, VIRB9-1 e AM854 apresentaram homologia superior a 72% em rela??o a A. marginale centrale, o qual confere prote??o cruzada contra A. marginale.

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Apoiados pelas proposi??es te?ricas de Francisco R?diger (2002, 2006, 2007, 2008) e Lucien Sfez (1994, 1996, 2002), acrescidas de proposi??es de autores que versam sobre o g?nero espec?fico da Fic??o Cient?fica como Isaac Asimov (1984) e Adam Roberts (2000) e sobre o fen?meno da cibercultura como Andr? Lemos (2002), Sydney Eve Matrix (2006), Scott Bukatman (1998) e Erick Felinto (2005) balizaremos a an?lise de um produto cultural em espec?fico: tr?s epis?dios da s?rie de televis?o norte-americana da rede Fox, Arquivo X (1993-2002). A partir destas recupera??es te?ricas, relacionadas com a m?dia e as novas tecnologias, prosseguiremos a uma an?lise de um produto cultural espec?fico tr?s epis?dios da s?rie de televis?o Arquivo X (1993-2002) que nos levar? ? reflex?o sobre como esse produto cultural de fic??o articula ou n?o categorias e ?ndices do pensamento tecnol?gico e das novas utopias tecnol?gicas. Trata-se de uma retomada, uma discuss?o dos problemas apresentados pela recupera??o te?rica atrav?s da perspectiva de um produto cultural, que se insere ao mesmo tempo em que se associa ao g?nero da Fic??o Cient?fica.

Continuation elleptique du Tristan en prose, qui s’inscrit dans l’interstice séparant la naissance de Tristan du remariage de Méliadus avec la fille du roi Hoël, le Roman de Meliadus [1235-1240] est une œuvre fondamentalement ouverte, de par son inachèvement et de par le dialogue constant qu’il instaure avec les autres romans arthuriens. S’il revendique sa filiation et assume son statut de récit puîné, les réminiscences qu’il exhibe masquent aussi les gauchissements, les infléchissements qui lui permettent de faire du neuf avec du vieux. C’est ce jeu – aux deux sens du terme – que cette étude se propose de mettre en lumière et de voir fonctionner, non seulement dans le Roman de Meliadus proprement dit, mais également dans trois de ses relectures, qui actualisent et renouvellent la signification du roman en profondeur. La première est une continuation qui date de la toute fin du XIIIe ou du début du XIVe siècle et qui est aujourd’hui conservée par le seul manuscrit Ferrell 5. La deuxième actualisation retenue est celle qu’offre Meliadus de Leonnoys, l’imprimé publié en 1528 par Galliot du Pré, puis en 1532 par Denis Janot, fruit d’un minutieux travail de découpage et de remontage. La dernière enfin est l’extrait paru en 1776 dans la Bibliothèque Universelle des Romans sous le titre Méliadus de Léonnois
An ellipitic continuation of the Prose Tristan, which inscribes itself in the space separating the birth of Tristan from Meliadus’ new marriage with king Hoël’s daughter, the Meliadus’ romance [1235-1240] is essentially an open text on account of its incompleteness and the dialogue it establishes with other arthurian romances. Even asserting filiation status, the reminiscences also show the reshaping and the inflection that allow the text to transform old into new. Analyzing this game is the central purpose of this work; to observe the operation in the Meliadus’ romance, as well as in three of its recuperations that profoundly renew the significance of the novel; beginning with a continuation from the end of the 13th century or the early 14th century, preserved nowadays in only one manuscript [Ferrel 5]; followed by the meticulous work of cutting and reassembling offered by the Meliadus of Leonnoys [printed by Galliot du Pré in 1528 first and again by Denis Janot in 1532] and finally an excerpt published in 1776 in the Bibliothèque Universelle des Romans with the title Méliadus of Leonnois

L’engouement du Moyen-Âge pour le mythe troyen se traduit tout particulièrement à travers sa figure centrale, Hector. Benoît de Sainte-Maure, qui s’appuie sur la tradition homérique telle que l’a transmise la littérature latine tardive (Ilias latina, Éphéméride de la guerre de Troie de Dictys de Crète, Histoire de la destruction de Troie de Darès le Phrygien), fait du fils de Priam le héros incontesté de son œuvre, le Roman de Troie, et glorifie les exploits de ce guerrier à la prouesse exemplaire. Ce texte constitue le jalon majeur de la construction du mythe d’Hector à l’époque médiévale, dont témoignent les réécritures en prose ou en vers, même si, parallèlement, l’histoire de Troie continue d’être transmise par le texte latin de Darès ou sa traduction. À ces deux traditions s’ajoute celle qui naît de l’œuvre de l’Italien Guido delle Colonne, l’Historia destructionis Troiae, réécriture latine du roman de Benoît au XIIIe siècle. Cependant la notoriété de la figure d’Hector s’exprime aussi dans des œuvres où le personnage tend à se dissocier du destin de sa cité et apparaît seul ou associé à d’autres héros, troyens ou non, pour servir de référence en terme de bravoure, ce qui lui vaut de figurer parmi les Neuf Preux. C’est pourquoi le personnage va continuer d’évoluer indépendamment du roman de Benoît et de ses réécritures directes, ce qui se perçoit aussi bien dans la chanson de geste que dans les récits arthuriens. Les valeurs qu’il incarne intéressent aussi bien l’auteur de l’Ovide moralisé que Christine de Pizan. Figure exemplaire, presque archétypale, Hector est aussi un personnage protéiforme dont l’histoire ne cesse d’être réécrite par la tradition médiévale
In the Middle Ages, the interest in the Trojan myth focuses particularly on its main character, Hector.Using the Homeric tradition inherited from the late Latin literature ( Ilias latina, Ephemeridos belli troiani by Dictys of Crete, De Excidio Troiae historia by Dares the Phrygian) as a basis to his work, Benoît de Sainte Maure makes Priam’s son the uncontested hero of his novel, The Roman de Troie, in which he praises the feats of this exceptional warrior.This text greatly contributes to the construction of Hector’s myth during the Middle Ages, as shown by its rewritings in prose or verse, although the story of Troy was also transmitted via Dares’ Latin text or its translation.In addition to these two traditions, another one appeared in the 13th century with the Italian Guido delle Colonne whose Historia Destructionis Troiae is a Latin rewriting of Benoît’s novel.However, Hector’s fame also asserts itself in other works in which the character tends to dissociate himself from his city’s destiny and appears alone or associated to other heroes, Trojan or not, to serve as a reference in terms of bravery, which earned him his place among the Nine Worthies.That is why this character continues to evolve independently from Benoit’s novel and its rewritings, as can be seen through epic poetry and Arthurian tales.Both Christine de Pizan and the author of Ovide moralisé take an interest in the values he embodies.Hector is a model, almost an archetypal figure as well as a character whose story never ceased being rewritten by Medieval tradition

Le ricerche svolte nell'ambito del Dottorato hanno riguardato temi attinenti alla formazione e all'ELearning, in relazione a problematiche riguardanti la Didattica della Matematica. In particolare è stato affrontato il problema di trasformare, in ambito scolastico, i momenti valutativi delle prove standardizzate esterne in punti iniziali di un processo di interpretazione e intervento sulle difficoltà degli studenti, da realizzare come percorso di formazione per gli insegnanti in modalità E-Learning. L'attività di ricerca si è concretizzata nella realizzazione di un corso di formazione per insegnanti sulle difficoltà linguistiche e di comprensione del testo nei quesiti INVALSI e OCSE-PISA in modalità E-Learning su piattaforma Moodle.