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1
Naidu, Suresh, Eric A. Posner, and Glen Weyl. "Potere datoriale nel mercato del lavoro e rimedi antitrust." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 170 (August 2021): 257–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2021-170005.
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Ricerche recenti mostrano come il potere datoriale nel mercato del lavoro abbia contribuito ad aumentare le diseguaglianze salariali e la stagnazione economica. Sebbene la legislazione anti-trust impedisca alle imprese di restringere la concorrenza nei mercati del lavoro come nei mer-cati del prodotto, il governo federale statunitense non ha fatto molto per affrontare il problema del mercato del lavoro, e le azioni legali sono state rare e in gran parte infruttuose. Una ragione è che le tecniche di analisi antitrust ideate per valutare il potere datoriale nel mercato del lavoro sono di gran lunga meno evolute rispetto alle regole ideate per stimare il potere (di mercato) nel mercato del prodotto. Per correggere questa asimmetria, il saggio individua una serie di metodi per stimare gli effetti delle concentrazioni nei mercati del lavoro. Gli Autori estendono poi que-sto approccio ad altre condotte anticoncorrenziali realizzate dai datori di lavoro nei confronti dei lavoratori. Da ultimo, il saggio evidenzia alcuni argomenti e prove che indicano come il potere di mercato possa essere addirittura più significativo nei mercati del lavoro che nei mer-cati del prodotto.
2
Vovk, Victoria. ""Legal regulation" vs "legal regulation"." Scientific and informational bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi, no. 12(24) (December 9, 2021): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33098/2078-6670.2021.12.24.17-21.
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The purpose of the study is to comprehend and define the substantive differences between the concepts and phenomena of legal rule-making and legal rule-making. The research methodology is represented by a set of philosophical and general scientific methods. Determinants of which are comparative and hermeneutic, as well as socio-cultural and axiological approaches. Results. It is shown that legal investigations’ conceptual and terminological accuracy is one of the foundations of qualitative research. It is proved that rigor and clarity in the application of the conceptual apparatus in legal research contribute to a fuller disclosure of the specifics of legal phenomena, and is also an indicator of the level of a philosophical and general culture of the researcher. Thus, the study will contribute to the improvement of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of the theory of law and philosophy of law. Scientific novelty. The paper proves that the concepts of "legal rule-making" and "legal rule-making" are not identical, but denote different, in essence, the processes of formation of legal norms. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further philosophical and theoretical-legal scientific research, preparation of special courses.
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Jurkeviča, Tatjana, and Kaspars Šmits. "BURDEN OF PROOF: PROCEDURAL UNDERSTANDING OF STANDARD OF PROOF." Administrative and Criminal Justice 3, no. 80 (September 30, 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v3i80.2788.
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Topicality of a subject-matter “Burden of proof: Procedural understanding of standard of proof” is based on ambiguous understanding of the standard of proof in legal practice, that is, of the moment when a fact is considered to be proven or unproven. Goal of an article is to research legal regulation of burden of proof in civil procedure, administrative 51ADMINISTRATĪVĀ UN KRIMINĀLĀ JUSTĪCIJA 2017 3 (80) procedure, administrative offence procedure and criminal procedure law and to determine standard of proof within each of these procedures. Burden of proof, or duty to prove claimed fact, is an essential element of any evidentiary proceedings. Determination of standard of proof is ambiguously understood issue in legal theory and especially in legal practice. Ambiguous understanding of standard of proof in legal practice may cause determination of unproven facts as proven or vice versa, or even lead to finding innocent persons as guilty. Authors, by researching burden of proof in mentioned proceedings, provides an explanation on legal aspects of its standards.
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Hamza, Muhammad Amir, and Dr Yasir Arfat. "Legal Effects of Need and Necessity in Commandments of Shari’ah: Study of Causes and Factors." ĪQĀN 3, no. 02 (June 28, 2021): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/iqan.v3i02.279.
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Islam is the religion of mercy, compassion, convenience, and laxity. Allah does not burden a person beyond his capacity. Ease is the basis of all the commandments of Shari’ah, which is enforced through many instances in the Quran and Sunnah. Hence scholars consider Need and Necessity as formula and secondary sources of Fiqh to save people from travail, difficulty, and trouble. Effects of The Need and The Necessity on the commandments of Shari’ah occupy a wide range. Even some of the commandments relating to faith and prayers also affect the commandments of Shari’ah and become a cause of its modifications. There is no doubt that the Need and the Necessity cannot be included in the basics for commandments of Shari’ah. Although its effectiveness in all versions of fiqh is positively proven. And the evidence of disintegration is present in the ancient and modern problems of fiqh. However the difference lies in textual scripts and their validity, so the concept of the Need and the Necessity is proved by Shariah commandments as exceptional in this condition. Whereas non-textual scripts prove their validity in the commandments of Shariah. The Holy Quran and the Holy Sunnah are evident of their basic principles, however, various religious scholars have described several effects of the Need and the Necessity, on the commandments of Shari’ah.
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Intihar Marulc, Ana. "LEGAL CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A GREENER EUROPEAN UNION." Balkans Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/balkans.jetss.2022.5.1.59-67.
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European Union has a diverse environment and recently the awareness of the importance of sustainable development has increased significantly. Subsequently, the greener and more sustainably oriented narratives have been used in documents and legislation produced by the European Union. The European institutions have established a legal framework to facilitate sustainable investments. Consequently, member states of the European Union have been implementing more sustainably prone legislation, but have chosen different legal approaches on how they will tackle the challenges associated with the adoption of more sustainably prone legislation. One of the successful ways how member states encourage more sustainable choices are tax abatements. This article compares and evaluates the best approaches by member states with better-developed tax abatements for sustainable choices and their results. The findings of this article are that various approaches have been developed and suggest how other countries can mirror proven ways towards improvement.
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Pavani, Giorgia. "Estudio constitucional y legal del modelo territorial italiano." Prolegómenos 9, no. 17 (June 23, 2006): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/prole.2590.
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<p>El artículo 114 de la Constitución italiana, modificado en el 2001, establece que «la República está constituída por los Municipios, las Provincias, las Ciudades metropolitanas, las Regiones y el Estado». Para poder comprender mejor las diferentes tendencias de la descentralización, así como el estado actual de la materia en Italia, es necesario proporcionar, aunque en forma breve, algunas nociones históricas.</p><p>Desde la caída del imperio romano hasta 1861 1 Italia ha estado dividida; el territorio italiano durante muchos siglos fue dominado por diferentes potencias extranjeras: la Iglesia en el centro, los Bórbones en el sur, los austriacos y los franceses en el norte, y mucho antes todavía había sido invadida por los pueblos bárbaros. Sin embargo, las diferentes formas de dominación extranjera no pudieron eliminar el poder municipal que desde el medioevo y hasta el período de la Unificación de Italia siempre ha estado presente. La mayoría de las ciudades italianas (Florencia, Milán, etc.) estaban organizadas a nivel territorial en forma de Municipios con autonomía propia</p>
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Ariyadi, Franky. "Penerapan Business Judgement Rules Dalam Badan Usaha Milik Negara Studi Kasus PT Asuransi Jiwasraya." Indonesian Journal of Law and Policy Studies 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/ijlp.v1i1.2635.
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In the case of PT Asuransi Jiwasraya, the company’s management decision caused the company to suffer a loss. To prove whether the Business Judgement Rulr can be used to protect the decisions that have been made, surely it must proven first: how the decision process is made, both from the legal aspects of the company and the criteria for the Business Judgement Rule.
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Faraj, Saeed bin Ahmad Salih. "??? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????: ????? ??????? ??????? Naq? al Istidl?l bi Ithb?t ‘annahu U'wwalu i’la al Ma??l ‘ind al U??liyy?n: Dir?sah Ta?l?liyyah Ta?b?qiyyah." Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 6, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 93–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.6:2.12.2021.13.
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This research aims to prove the Islamic Jurists rule “Naq? al Istidl?l bi Ithb?t ‘annahu U'wwalu i’la al Ma??l”. The main research problem lies in the “Ma??l”, its limits, types, and ways of proving it. The researcher adopted the comparative-analytical inductive approach. After collection of the research material from the basic sources, explanation of Ma??l, and analysis of the material was done by classifying it into rational and legal, and then the theoretical side on both applications was dropped to know the claim of the ma??l for invoking analogy, and its fixations in Shar?’ah. The research concludes that this rule is used by scholars, and no one violated it. The legal impossible has ways by which it is known, i.e; every rational impossible is a legal impossibility, everything that contradicts the absolutes of the law is from the legal impossibility, and anything that contradicts a legal ruling that has been proven to be perpetuated is legally impossible. Moreover, all claims of impossibility of invoking analogy in Islamic law are neither proven nor valid, as well as all claims of impossibility of substitution in Shar?’ah.
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Rivanie, Syarif Saddam, Slamet Sampurno Soewondo, Nur Azisa, Muhammad Topan Abadi, and Ismail Iskandar. "The Application of Imprisonment to Kleptomaniacs: A Case Studies of Court Decision." SIGn Jurnal Hukum 4, no. 1 (July 6, 2022): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v4i1.169.
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This study aims to examine and analyze the Judge’s application of imprisonment to kleptomaniacs based on Decision No. 574/Pid.B/2019/PN.Dps. This study uses a normative juridical research method. The data was collected using literature study techniques on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The collected legal material is then analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods with a statute approach and a case approach which will then conclude the object of the research. The results show that the Judge’s application of imprisonment to the accused is based on Decision No. 574/Pid.B/2019/PN.Dps was the right decision. In this case, the problem of kleptomania currently ongoing in court should be proven with a Psychiatric Visum et Repertum. While the Letter of Statement No. 01/II.MR/RSPI/2019 cannot be the basis for the implementation of eliminating punishment. To determine that a person has kleptomania must undergo a process of examination for a minimum of two weeks to three months. Therefore, it is recommended that investigators provide the opportunity or take the initiative to prove the suspect’s mental condition before being processed to the following legal proof stage. So no more accused who prove their status as kleptomaniacs using the letter of statement. The Judge is also recommended to decide by giving measures sanction to the accused if proven to have kleptomania to avoid the recurrence of the crime of theft in the future.
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Wardhani, Shinta Novi. "Kekuatan Hukum Sertifikat Hak Atas Tanah Dikaitkan Dengan Kepastian Hukum Dalam Pendaftaran Tanah." Al-Qanun: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam 21, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/alqanun.2018.21.1.61-85.
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This paper is to examine two matters, firstly, the legal power of the land title certificate is related to legal certainty in land registration, and, secondly, legal remedies undertaken to ensure legal certainty in land affairs. At the end of this paper, it is concluded that: first, the legal power of the land title certificate is a guarantee of legal certainty from the certificate as a proof of ownership which is strong, provided that it is not proven otherwise by others who feel entitled and have evidence to prove it. And, secondly, the efforts to be taken to guarantee legal certainty in the land sector carried out by the Government-in this case the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial-, are issuing land title certificates based on three principles, namely: (1) the principle of certainty law, (2) the principles of accuracy, and (3) the principle of security, for the sake of the enforcement of legal force and legal certainty of issued certificates.
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Sydorenko, Anna, and Olena Melnyk. "Peculiarities of differentiation of legal regulation of pharmaceutical workers’ labour." SHS Web of Conferences 68 (2019): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196801025.
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The paper deals with peculiarities of legal regulation of pharmaceutical workers’ labour. Exercising the right to work is determined and analyzed. The authors prove that differentiation originates from special legislation. They determine what globalization is in the modern society. The paper analyzes the differentiation of pharmaceutical workers’ labour through the prism of such objective reasons as industry affiliation, working conditions, the nature of labour relations between an employee and an employer, and their content is determined. The study draws attention to the fact that industry affiliation is characterized by the importance of the industry for society and the degree of provision of public health institutions with highly skilled specialists, as well as the production process. The paper determines that working conditions are specific for each industry and workplace. It is proved that pharmaceutical workers have harmful and dangerous working conditions. Working conditions have to satisfy the requirements to the fulfilment of labour duties without life and health hazard. It is analyzed that the nature of labour relations between an employee and an employer are determined by the nature of labour and employment contract term. It is proved that the differentiation of pharmaceutical workers’ labour is expressed through special rules, which allows them to exercise their rights and obligations and to enjoy certain guarantees.
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Asgari Ghoncheh, Mahnaz, Seyed Mahdi Mirdadashi, and Mohammad Sadeghi. "A Comparative Study on Presumption of Marriage Rule and Genetic Testing for Proving Parentage Under Iranian Law." Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences 24, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jqums.24.3.7.
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Family is the most important social group, and the survival of society depends on the survival of the family and its survival depends on legitimate parentage and legal ties. Therefore, the issue of proving the parentage is one of the most sensitive issues in the Islamic law and the legislator has tried to preserve it by enacting laws. From the beginning of Islam until now, in Imami jurisprudence and consequently in the civil law, the rule of marriage presumption has been used as a legal evidence to prove the parentage. However, with the widespread development of genetic science and laboratory sciences, genetic tests are used to determine the parentage. Since the Iranian Civil Code does not explicitly mention the ways of proving parentage, and there are disagreements between jurists and jurisprudents on the authority of such tests to prove parentage, these new medical methods have posed various challenges to jurisprudential rules. This study, using jurisprudential and legal sources, aimed to investigate the value and position of genetic tests in proving legal parentage to determine whether the legitimate parentage can be proved based on them in Iranian law or not. The results indicated that genetic testing cannot be considered independently for proving legitimate parentage. These tests, despite their high scientific certainty and validity, can only establish a blood relationship between people. A legitimate parentage is a legal relationship, in addition to being a blood relationship, and without the three conditions of marriage presumption law, genetic testing cannot be relied on to prove it. However, these tests can be helpful in proving some claims, such as identifying unidentified corpses, studying the organ damages caused by air accidents or explosions, and creating a genetic database of criminals.
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Rachman, Taufik, and Lucky Raspati. "Menakar Makna Merugikan Perekonomian Negara Dalam Undang-Undang Tipikor." Nagari Law Review 4, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/nalrev.v.4.i.2.p.225-238.2021.
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One of the important elements to determine the existence of corruption is the loss of state finances or economic losses of the state. For the latter, the meaning of state economic losses is very rarely used because of the pros and cons in law enforcement practices. For those who are against the loss of the state economy in the crime of corruption argues that the element of aquo is not clear so it is very prone to be misused so contrary to the principle of legality. The basis of his thinking, simply by determining the existence of state financial losses, there is no need to prove the economic loss of the country. For those who are pro will need to prove the loss of the state economy in the case of corruption mentioned that this element needs to be proven as an alternative to determine the adverse consequences of corruption on the country's economy. This paper discusses the parameters used to measure the meaning of "state economic loss" in applying Article 2 and Article 3 of the Tipikor Law. The way to measure aquo losses is to use two stage evaluations, namely the first to determine material losses resulting from illegal acts (PMH) and the second to determine whether the object is directly related to the country's economy. The legal consequences of material losses resulting from PMH in corruption crimes do not always exist to the state's economic losses. If the state's economic losses are considered to exist then the financial losses of the state must exist
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Bachri, Zeto, Suhariningsih Suhariningsih, Sukarmi Sukarmi, and Iwan Permadi. "Legal Protection for Debitors Through Bankruptcy Concept." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i8.2953.
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The purpose of this study is to explain the legal protection for debitors through bankruptcy concept based on Law no. 37 of 2004 Concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (UUK-PKPU). This research is a normative legal research with a statute approach, the case approach, historical approach, comparative approach, and the conseptual approach. The legal materials used are primary, secondary, and tertiary. The analysis technique uses legal logic, legal interpretation teleologically, hermeneutics, grammatically, and systematically. The results of the study indicate that in UUK-PKPU only debtors who are insolvent can be declared bankrupt or apply for a PKPU. Bankruptcy applications can be submitted by the debtor himself or by the creditor. According to the legal principle, the applicant who submits the argument must prove the argument, then the applicant who proves the insolvency is the applicant. Essentially, bankruptcy in its application must be carried out fairly in the sense of paying attention to the interests of debtors and creditors in a balanced way. The idea of balance encourages an acknowledgment of the equality of the position of the individual with the community in common life.
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Skorobogatov, A. V., and A. V. Krasnov. "Russian legal archetype: essence and contents." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 2, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18073.
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Article is devoted to research of the Russian law archetype as complex category of jurisprudence. On the basis of legal-anthropological methodology in article it is proved that the images of the state, the legal (law) and the power existing in the Russian law archetype are based on traditional values. Transformation of these values is capable to lead not only to distortion of traditional ideas about the state and law phenomena and a collision between the official legal and individual and group law consciousness, but also generates negative attitude of the individual to formal ways of law rule expression (positive legals).
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Abello Gual, Jorge Arturo. "El abuso de confianza y el hurto agravado por la confianza en la responsabilidad penal empresarial en Colombia." Prolegómenos 13, no. 25 (June 10, 2010): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/prole.2453.
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<span>En el presente trabajo se analizan la responsabilidad penal del representante legal y de los trabajadores por la administración fraudulenta de los recursos de una compañía. Para estos efectos, la doctrina y la jurisprudencia han establecido que el representante legal responde por el delito de abuso de confianza, mientras que el empleado responde por el delito de hurto calificado por la confianza. El estudio indaga sobre los presupuestos que soportan las consecuencias anteriores, y plantea la posibilidad de darle un trato igual.</span>
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Bola, Mustafa. "Legal Standing of Customary Land in Indonesia: A Comparative Study of Land Administration Systems." Hasanuddin Law Review 3, no. 2 (August 19, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v3i2.1132.
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Prove of land ownership by customary land is generally unwritten, just a confession of the surrounding communities with nature sign boundaries. If land ownership cannot be supported by strong evidence, the land may be registered by someone else who has getting physically for 20 years or more in consecutively and qualified on Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. Proof of old rights derived from the customary land law is rationally difficult to prove because there are no written documents. Customary land law does not know written ownership, only physical possession continually so it is very prone to conflict or dispute. In order to develop land administration in Indonesia, the values of customary land law contained in its principles is expected to be reflected in the land administration so it can reduce land conflict in the community. The role of customary land law has a large portion of the national land law. The role of government or ruling is very important to create a conducive condition in the land sector. A land is not allowed for personal or group interests, its use must be adjusted with the condition and the characteristic of their rights so useful, both for the prosperity and helpful to community and state.
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Ol’kov, S. G., and O. A. Ol’kova. "JURISPRUDENCE AS A SPECIAL SECTION OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE." Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7 (73), no. 2 (2022): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-2-286-295.
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The purpose of the article is to prove that jurisprudence in general and criminology in particular are a full-fledged part of economic scientific disciplines. The scientific results obtained by the authors: 1) it is proved that jurisprudence, including criminology, are sectoral economic disciplines, and should be developed precisely in the vein of the corresponding economic disciplines of micro- and macroeconomic cycles; 2) it is proved that jurisprudence as a science has no time and space boundaries; 3) shows that in isolation from basic economic disciplines, in particular micro- and macroeconomics, jurisprudence cannot develop. Scientific novelty: lies in the newly obtained scientific results. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the obtained scientific results in the development of legal scientific and academic disciplines.
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Nagovitsyn, Roman Sergeevich, Elena Aleksandrovna Berezhnykh, Alexey Emilievich Popovic, and Oleg Vladimirovich Srebrodolsky. "Formation of Legal Competence of Future Bachelors of Psychological and Pedagogical Education." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 16, no. 01 (January 12, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i01.17591.
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This article presents the author’s vision of the content and technology of forming the legal competence of future teachers and psychologists, which includes six synergistically interrelated competencies: legislative, regulatory, ethical, social, informational and psychological. The purpose of the study: to develop didactic games for students - future bachelors of psychological and pedagogical education and experimentally prove the effectiveness of their implementation in extracurricular activities to form their legal competence. Based on the analysis of various educational technologies for the formation of students' legal competencies, a special set of didactic games has been identified and systematized. The scientific novelty of the author’s research lies in the originality of the approach to the independent implementation by students of didactic games in extracurricular activities on the basis of the student scientific community. The research results are statistically proven (p<0.05) through an increase in the level of formation of legal competence in students of psychological and pedagogical sphere.
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Jakimoski, Laze, and Slavica Dimoska. "LACK OF SUCCESSION IN MACEDONIAN LEGAL SYSTEM." Knowledge International Journal 30, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061421j.
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The succession presents property assignment from one person on behalf of others after his death. The process of succession can be performed by the law (heir at law) or by the will. Both options are regulated in details in Macedonian legal system.Whilst the human nature requires to see the positive effects of the inheritance, as well as to research the rights for succession, the law anticipated another opposite option - possibility for cutting of the will or so called lack of succession. The lack of succession represents a legal form where the possible successor loses his right to inherent any asset either by law (ex lege) or by the will. The lack of succession is not linked with the legal possibility for legacy or with the last will, but the lack of succession is linked with the personal character of the successor and his unmoral or illegal behavior. The lack of succession is a kind of penalty for the impropriate behavior of the possible successor towards the owner of the property or towards community from one side, as well as a protection measure for the property owner from the other side.The lack of succession is a part of almost all legal systems, in almost all of the countries with the only difference in the reasons why a person can be proclaim undignified for a legacy and a person with a lack of succession.The Macedonian legal system anticipated few reasons that are going to be elaborated in details in this paper. Mainly, those are cases where the possible successor reaches or tried to reach to the life of the owner of the will, forced or used some other illegal way to lead the owner of the will to make or abrogate the will, hide or destroyed the will in order to make a fake copy and change the last will, violate the obligation for sustenance or denied to offer the necessary assistance.In order to be affirmed these statements, Public prosecution and State attorney Office are authorized to obtain the information they have.These statements will be proved or denied by the Court, an institution authorized to prove the lack of succession.The conditions foreseen in the law of succession cannot be changed or modified.
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Choung, Wan. "A study on the Increase of NFT Use and Related Legislation." Kyung Hee Law Journal 57, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15539/khlj.57.3.5.
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Cyber content using NFT is rapidly increasing. Since there is no law stipulating NFT in the current laws, there is concern about confusion in the case of legal problems. NFT, non-fungible token, is a virtual token that uses block chain technology to identify and prove the owner of digital assets. and to represent and prove ownership.
Although NFT is currently widely used in fields such as meta verse and works of art, there is no legal regulation on the concept of NFT or specific rights under the current law, so normative research and legislative improvement are urgently needed. Regardless of whether or not there are legal regulations, NFT can prove that it is unique through the contents of meta data, so that even if it is a similar NFT product, it can be technically verified whether it is genuine or not.
In the rapidly expanding meta verse space, it is necessary to confirm who owns the economic value of the goods being traded. Although it is widely used in various fields, there is no related law, which can lead to confusion. Therefore, NFT-related regulations should be prepared urgently. In addition, it is necessary to establish a global standard so that the NFT industry can grow.
Under the current law, legal issues related to NFT are as follows: Whether NFT is a virtual asset, Whether NFT is a financial product, Whether NFT is subject to tax payment if it is a virtual asset with property value, Whether NFT is copyright protection because it proves that the ownership belongs to a specific person, Whether NFT belongs to a game item, if it’s applied to a game product, and Whether NFT is a security item that should be protected from hacking. Under the current law, NFT should not be limited to discussion, but should be declared as a clear legal concept through prompt legislation.
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Rihardi, Satrio Ageng. "The Strength of Legal Proof in Filing a Civil Lawsuit Against Corruption Actors." Law Research Review Quarterly 5, no. 1 (July 2, 2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/snh.v5i01.31125.
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The use of civil instruments in corruption cases is fully subject to the provisions of civil law both formally, materially and even to immaterial losses. In accordance with Articles 32, 33 and 34 of Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption, there is a formula regarding the submission of the results of the investigation into the State's loss to the State Attorney. The prosecutor must be able to really prove that the defendant actually committed an act of corruption. In accordance with the concept of proof in civil law, JPN must be able to convince the panel of judges by basing on a clear legal basis, the existence of an element of loss and explaining the occurrence of acts of corruption that are detrimental to the State's finances. However, it is often difficult to substantiate civil lawsuits to prove, given that the perpetrators of corruption in general are those who have very strong positions or experts. The research method used in this research is analytical descriptive. The research results obtained can be seen from the strength of the evidence in filing a civil claim must first trace assets owned by the perpetrators of corruption as the basis and reason for the lawsuit but the civil suit has not been effectively proven by relying only on special criminal courts because the imposition of fines and reimbursement is included without taking into account any immaterial losses that can be paid in the future.
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Mora Bastidas, Freddy Alberto. "Valoración del servicio público de seguridad social venezolano a 5 años de su creación." Prolegómenos 11, no. 22 (November 21, 2008): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/prole.2519.
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<p>Con la presente investigación se valoró el servicio de seguridad social venezolano a 5 años de su creación. Se puede afirmar que el constituyente de 1999 creo el Servicio Publico de Seguridad Social y garantizo el derecho a la seguridad social, convirtiéndose en una política de Estado destinada a la atención de los habitantes en un conjunto de áreas o contingencias familiares, personales y sociales que inciden en las relaciones laborales. En la presente investigación documental de tipo descriptiva y analítica se concluye que luego de cinco (5) años de la creación legal del Sistema de Seguridad Social, el Estado no ha logrado la implementación del Servicio Publico de Seguridad Social, afectando no solo el cumplimiento del mandato contenido en el Art. 2, 3 y 86 constitucional; desatendiendo la protección social de todos los beneficios del Sistema. Con la Creación del Servicio Publico de Seguridad Social se debe complementar el régimen legal de protección social de las relaciones laborales, pero contradictoriamente existe una omisión y retardo por parte del Estado en el aseguramiento del derecho a la seguridad social debido al retardo en la aprobación de dos (2) leyes de desarrollo y la negativa del Estado en la activación de las funciones de la Tesorería y la Superintendencia de la Seguridad Social. Se sugiere cumplir en un lapso perentorio con el desarrollo legal y reglamentario del Sistema de Seguridad Social y por un lado la implementación inmediata del Sistema de Seguridad Social para lograr el desarrollo de un Estado de justicia social.</p>
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Meneghetti, Chiara, Barbara Carretti, and Claudia Zamperlin. "Relazione tra aspetti della comprensione del testo e prestazione di studio in studenti di prima superiore." RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA, no. 2 (April 2010): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rip2009-002006.
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Numerosi studi hanno evidenziato che varie abilitŕ cognitive e metacognitive sono implicate nella comprensione del testo, come ad esempio la capacitŕ di fare inferenze o la capacitŕ di monitorare il livello di comprensione. La ricerca si č proposta di verificare se le abilitŕ di comprensione possano essere distinte in "aspetti di base" (vale a dire aspetti legati al testo come individuare un personaggio, la sequenza degli eventi ecc.) e "aspetti complessi" (che si riferiscono ad abilitŕ cognitive e metacognitive come ad esempio utilizzare strategie flessibili di comprensione in relazione al tipo di testo); inoltre č stata analizzata la relazione tra questi aspetti della comprensione e la prestazione di studio. I partecipanti alla ricerca sono 183 studenti frequentanti il primo anno della scuola media superiore a cui sono state somministrate le seguenti prove: 1. le prove di una batteria standardizzata in Italia che misura 10 aspetti della comprensione e 2. una prova oggettiva di studio che misura il ricordo di informazioni del testo precedentemente comprese e memorizzate. I risultati dell'analisi fattoriale confermativa (CFA) hanno mostrato che č possibile distinguere la comprensione del testo in aspetti di base e complessi e che questi ultimi predicono maggiormente la prestazione alla prova di studio.
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Ramirez Corzo, Cesar Augusto. "Modelo interactivo funcional del sistema de televisión." Prolegómenos 14, no. 28 (November 1, 2011): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/prole.2379.
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<span>El siguiente artículo presenta el modelo comunicativo interactivo mediante el cual se describe, se analiza y se demuestra la incapacidad del sistema de televisión en Colombia para garantizar la protección de los menores de edad frente a los contenidos televisivos, destacándose tres subsistemas: el industrial, el humano y el legal. El modelo permite visualizar cómo funcionan y se integran los actores, cuáles son su propósitos, y el impacto que generan en el público receptor. El marco teórico se centra en el Interaccionismo Simbólico y en el estructural funcionalismo, para demostrar como el menor de edad queda totalmente expuesto a unos intereses económicos de la industria, sin suficiente protección del sistema legal, produciendo graves consecuencias en su dimensión espiritual, personal y social. El modelo comunicativo interactivo se convierte en un referente de análisis para investigaciones sociales que contemplen la influencia de los contenidos culturales en el individuo y en la sociedad.</span>
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Hirshman, Linda R. "Speaking Prose All Along: Scheppele's Legal Secrets." Law & Social Inquiry 15, no. 03 (1990): 555–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1990.tb00383.x.
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Hirshman, Linda R. "Speaking Prose All aAlong: Scheppele's "Legal Secrets"." Law & Social Inquiry 15, no. 3 (1990): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/492306.
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Hafidzi, Anwar, Nadiyah Khalid, and Rina Septiani. "THE BIOLOGICAL FATHERS HAVE CIVIL RIGHTS WITH EVIDENCE AND CONVICTION OF THEIR CHILDREN." Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir'ah 18, no. 2 (December 27, 2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/jis.v18i2.1127.
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This paper aims to prove that Biological Children can provide Civil Relations with their fathers if they have an apparent legal force. This study differs from other researchers in the comparative aspect of normative Law and Islamic Law. This difference lies in the Constitutional Court decision results, which states that children produced outside of marriage have a civil relationship with the mother and family of their mother, father, and family of their biological father, which can be proven by DNA testing between them. Meanwhile, according to Islamic Law, children outside of marriage (Zina) only have a civil relationship or blood relationship with the mother and the mother's family. The method used in this research is a literature review with a normative approach to the Constitutional Court decision and the Scholar's opinion on children outside of marriage (Siri). This research found that children can biologically provide civil relations with their parents if done in marriage and proven by clear legalities such as witnesses and marriage documents. The presence of a decision of the Constitutional Court is a legal assurance or defense of the human rights of a citizen, whether they have the correct data and facts to their civil relations.
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Klāviņa, Gerda, and Ansis Zanders. "Victim’s Right to Prove in Criminal Proceedings." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 2, no. 23 (2022): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.23.2022.2.122-131.
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This article is about the victim’s right to prove in criminal proceedings. It studies the victim’s right to prove only in criminal proceedings before the court. However, it does not consider the victim’s ability to prove in court. The aim of the study is to examine the possibilities of victims to prove in criminal proceedings, to identify legal and practical issues for the victim’s right to prove in criminal proceedings, as well as to put forward proposals for solving them. Material and methods used in the preparation of the study include analysis and description of regulatory enactments, court judgments, comparable and logical method. Analysis and description of normative acts and court judgments were used for the creation of the study. The comparative method has been used to compare provisions of regulatory enactments, while the logical method has been used to draw conclusions. Methods of interpretation of legal norms have also been used in the study: grammatical, systemic and teleological method. Keywords: criminal proceedings, the victim, proof
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Daza González, Alfonso. "La prueba obtenida con violación de las garantías fundamentales y su exclusión en la Ley 906 de 2004." Prolegómenos 9, no. 18 (November 23, 2006): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/prole.2568.
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<span>Se expone en esta investigación el concepto de prueba obtenida con violación del debido proceso, el contexto en el que se desarrolla: Constitución Política y Derechos Humanos, y su desarrollo legal en la Ley 906 de 2004, luego de la reforma constitucional contenida en el Acto legislativo No. 03 de 2002.</span>
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Syahputra, Tory Caesar, Abdul Rahmad Budiono, and Bambang Sugiri. "Deception as a Condition for Cancellation of an Arbitration Award in Indonesia." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i4.2612.
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The phrase "deception" is one of the elements of the crime as a condition for the cancellation of an arbitration award, which is contained in the substance of Article 70 letter c of the Indonesia Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution Law No. 30 of 1999. Elimination of explanation of Article 70 of Law No. 30 of 1999, the author sees that there is legal obscurity to the meaning of "deception" as a condition for the cancellation of an arbitration award. The norms as contained in Article 70 are the realm of criminal law, which in the settlement process is different from the realm of settlement through arbitration. This article is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The result of this research is to explain and analyze the meaning of "deception" contained in the substance of Article 70 letter c of Law No. 30 of 1999 as a condition for the cancellation of an arbitration award. Whereas the element of "deception" which is used as a condition for the cancellation of an arbitration award in the arbitration settlement process is a criminal domain, so to prove this element must first be proven in the realm of criminal justice to obtain permanent legal force from the panel of judges. Elements of a criminal act cannot only be suspected but must be proven first.
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Saragih, Yasmirah Mandasari, and Muhammad Ridwan Lubis. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MAHKOTA WITNESSES (KROON GETUIDE) EVIDENCE ON NARCOTICS ABUSE." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 5, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v5i1.15627.
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The use of Mahkota witnesses in Indonesia is still a matter of debate today, both among practitioners and academics, because there is no legal certainty regarding the use of this Mahkota witness. The research method uses juridical normative, the results obtained state that the effectiveness of the presence of Mahkota witnesses is to complete the minimum requirements for evidence to prove someone guilty. Where in the case of narcotics abuse, the lack of evidence found can facilitate the judicial process, the Mahkota witness is used to complete the truth to be revealed or material truth. The Mahkota witness does not affect the severity or lightness of the crime, but its usefulness is as a matter of convincing about the defendant's guilt or whether or not a narcotics abuse is proven. The testimony of the Mahkota witness has the power of proof if it is declared valid as a witness, there is no objection from the defendant's legal adviser regarding the presence of the Mahkota witness and the statement is stated before the court which has been sworn in beforehand and the information given is in accordance with the testimony given by other witnesses or tools other evidence so as to prove the defendant's guilt.
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Mejía Azuero, Jean Carlo. "Situación, perspectivas y estrategias frente a la defensa del Estado." Prolegómenos 10, no. 20 (November 22, 2007): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/prole.2534.
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<p>Este trabajo discute las consecuencias de la intervención del sistema interamericano de Derechos Humanos en Colombia y los retos que esta plantea para la defensa jurídica del Estado. Al respecto en el país existe un desarrollo normativo importante, que se analiza en este artículo para establecer si dicho marco legal se ajusta a las necesidades de una defensa integral del Estado.</p>
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Nebratenko, Gennady, Svetlana Studenikina, and Olga Kazantseva. "Innovations in the field of state and legal regulation of socio-economic activity in Modern times." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 11009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021011009.
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The proposed article is designed to prove the importance of forming a national economy based on the domestic experience of state and legal regulation, taking into account the realities of the development of international relations, as well as threats arising at the interstate and national levels. At the same time, each state has its own economic system associated with the categories of "economic sovereignty" and "state sovereignty". For that reason, the comparative methodology is reflected in the consideration of the problems stated in the proposed article. The authors proved the importance of financial and economic support of Russia as a social state in order to develop its demographic potential-the most important segment of the national economy construction. In conclusion, the opinion was expressed that ensuring the economic sovereignty of the Russian Federation through the construction of the national economy will have a positive impact on the level of national security.
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Skorobogatov, A. V., and A. V. Krasnov. "Law reality of Russia: Philosophical-law analysis." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls17996.
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The article devoted to research of legal value of the category «law reality» in development of modern Russia. Author proves that the law reality of Russia consists of three levels: law-making, law-realization, law behavior. Defining level of law reality is the law behavior which is focused on observance of the unwritten law. On the basis of the studying of law experience and a law ideal of the Russian citizens in article transgressive nature of law reality is proved.
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Nursalim, Jusmin,. "Pengaruh Manajemen Aset Terhadap Tingkat Optimalitas Aset Tetap (Tanah dan Bangunan) Pemerintah Kabupaten Sorong." EQUILIBRIUM : Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembelajarannya 6, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/equilibrium.v6i2.2933.
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This research aims to analyze the impact of asset management towards optimality of<br />fixed assets (land and buildings) in the Local Government in Kabupaten Sorong. By using<br />purposive sampling method the number of research samples was takenas much as 48<br />respondents. The variables used are assets inventory, audit legal of assets assessment, as<br />well as supervision and asset control. Based on the analysis result using Multiple Linear<br />Regression test indicated that the asset inventory individually are proven have positive and<br />significant influence toward optimality of fixed assets (land and buildings) that means<br />consistent with the hypothesis, individually the legal audit of assets are not proved have<br />positive and significant influence to optimization of fixed assets (land and buildings) that<br />means not consistent with the hypothesis, an individual assessment of the assets are<br />indicated are proved has positive influence to optimality of fixed assets (land and buildings)<br />that means consistent with the hypothesis, the supervision and asset control is proved have<br />positive and significant influence to optimization of fixed assets (land and buildings) that<br />means consistent with the hypothesis. While the analysis results together /simultaneously<br />indicated that all four variables, namely the asset inventory, audit legal of assets, assets<br />assessment as well as supervision and assets control are proved to have significant and<br />positive influence to optimality of fixed assets (land and buildings) this is proved by the value<br />of F count > F-table.
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Sigalov, Konstantin. "Humanitarian of modern legal understanding." Advances in Law Studies 8, no. 4 (January 20, 2021): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2020-8-4-21-25.
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The author tries to prove in this article that humanitarian knowledge allows a person to understand how diverse the world of law is, what are the real problems of modern legal understanding, and how to behave in a world where the old established stereotypes are collapsing, where law cannot meet the challenges of a politicized era.
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Khamala, Charles A. "Legal Aid for Effective Victim Legal Representation in Kenya’s Post-Election Violence: Lessons from the International Criminal Court." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 11 (December 31, 2022): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.17.
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The International Criminal Court’s legal aid scheme pays court-appointed victims’ lawyers. Yet, whether ICC or domestic legal proceedings can provide better victim satisfaction goes beyond the question of whether external or internal legal representation is more effective in protecting victims’ rights. In circumstances where guilt is difficult to prove, as in the ICC’s Kenya cases, victims’ interests may be better satisfied by pursuing compensation from local courts. This paper therefore argues that post-election violence victims’ interests may be satisfied by legal aid to support domestic compensation claims. Although numerous victims participated in the Kenya cases, non-confirmation of charges against the former Police Commissioner, withdrawal of the Muthaura and Kenyatta case, and declining to conduct reparation hearings after vacating charges in the Ruto and Sang case, culminated in widespread victim dissatisfaction. The paper contrasts the victims’ plight in the Kenya cases with fortunes of victims who participated at the ICC with those of the CAVI Police Shooting case and COVAW Sexual and Gender Based Violence case which effectively proved more satisfying for some victims. The question is whether legal aid for victims’ representatives before domestic courts may enhance the effectiveness of local responses to atrocity crimes. Although the comparatively successful recent domestic suits illustrate advantages of pursuing constitutional-based compensation claims, as opposed to punitive-contingent reparations before the ICC, these test cases require upscaling. Notwithstanding the ‘Kenyan Trial Approach’s’ significant impact on ICC evolution, to vindicate victims’ rights, the Trust Fund for Victims may consider donating to Kenya’s Victim Protection Fund so as to supplement PEV victim compensation. Kenya’s Legal Aid Act requires reforms to support indigent victims, particularly those suffering abuse of power.
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Shambura, Denis. "CONCEPT OF LEGAL PLURALISM AS THE BASIS OF THE RESEARCH OF NON-OFFICIAL LAW." Law Journal of Donbass 66, no. 1 (2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2019-66-1-33-40.
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The article explores the concept of legal pluralism. According to this concept law is regarded as a complex and multifaceted system of social regulation. It is confirmed that legal pluralism in general is opposed to a monistic understanding of the world. It is proved that the concept of "legal pluralism" was formed in the framework of such areas of legal thought as the sociology of law (G. D. Gurvich, E. Ehrlich, L. I. Petrazhitsky, P. A. Sorokin, N. S. Timashev, etc.), legal ethnology and legal anthropology (B. Malinovsky, A. R. RadcliffeBrown, etc.). The author affirms that at present the principle of legal pluralism is moving from the field of scientific discussions toward legal life. It was stated that legal pluralism rejects definitions of law exclusively as a result of state activity, and presupposes the existence of an unofficial law as a fact of legal reality. State law in this perspective is considered in one phenomenological series with canonical law, law of corporations, international law, norms of other social institutions. Summarizing, the author supports the point of view that the legal reality is more diverse than standardized and unified state rules of conduct. It can be argued that legal pluralism, denying the definition of law exclusively as a result of state activity, implies the existence of an informal law as a legal reality. This follows from the fact of social relations that are legal by their very nature. In other words, the pluralist approach refutes the one-line evolution of law, confirms the plurality of its forms and allows us to prove the existence of unofficial law in the legal life.
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Andriyanova, Olga, Olga Sheliukh, Nataliia Vovchasta, Halyna Khlypavka, Anzhela Posokhova, and Vinalij Kozlovskij. "Splitting Linguistic Consciousness of Ukrainians: Neuropsychological and Legal Aspects." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 14, no. 1Sup1 (March 24, 2022): 370–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/14.1sup1/556.
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The article deals with the problem of splitting linguistic consciousness of Ukrainians as a result of Russia’s destructive historical influence on their self-identity. In this regard, it offers some ways of solving this particular problem at the legislative level, as well as in the context of neuropedagogical and neuropsychological approaches. The article aims to prove that the Ukrainian language is the key factor in national self-identity, and appropriate neuropedagogical influence on linguistic personality can correct negative attitudes, stereotypes and weak self-identification. Research methods include historical and systemic analysis of relevant legal provisions; extrapolation of historical facts to the ethnopsychological and neuroscientific levels; generalization and modelling (formulating effective recommendations based on a preliminary analysis). Besides, the article discusses and characterizes the causes of differences in linguistic space, mainly in the south-eastern and western regions of Ukraine. They led to bilingualism, which is one of the factors threatening national security and territorial integrity. Furthermore, there are differences and linguistic conflicts in the current language policy in terms of relations between Ukraine and neighbouring countries. In this regard, the article attempts to outline the role of neuropedagogical tools in correcting splitting linguistic consciousness as the most destructive personal phenomenon of artificial bilingualism. Finally, the article proves that legal support can only provide a framework for solving the problem of artificial bilingualism. At the same time, the way out of destructive language policy lies in applying the latest neuropedagogical and neuropsychological methods, described in the conclusions below.
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KING, F. WAYNE. "Extant Unless Proven Extinct: The International Legal Precedent." Conservation Biology 2, no. 4 (December 1988): 395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1988.tb00205.x.
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Servick, Kelly. "Targets of misconduct probe launch a legal counterattack." Science 347, no. 6217 (January 1, 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.347.6217.13.
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Aguirre Román, Javier Orlando, and Ana Patricia Pabón Mantilla. "Prevalencia de los derechos del niño en la prelación civil de créditos. Un análisis constitucional y legal de la aplicación de este derecho." Prolegómenos 11, no. 21 (June 22, 2008): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/prole.2530.
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<span>Se aborda el problema de la efectividad de los derechos fundamentales y del interés superior de los niños frente a los casos en los que se ven enfrentadas las figuras legales de la prelación de créditos y de embargos en contraposición con estos principios. Para ello se expone el planteamiento del problema, se analizarán normas de Derecho Internacional y Constitucional en torno al interés superior del niño. Se revisa su consagración legal y aplicación, para finalmente hacer algunas consideraciones críticas a partir del desarrollo jurisprudencial de la Corte Constitucional sobre este tema en particular.</span>
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Parish, Matthew. "An essay on the Accountability of International Organizations." International Organizations Law Review 7, no. 2 (2010): 277–342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157237410x543332.
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AbstractInternational organizations sometimes suffer from acute agency problems. Three exogenous methods of addressing those problems are considered: economic incentives, political accountability and legal accountability. For international organizations, the first is undesirable and the second inevitably weak. There is therefore an argument for heightened legal scrutiny of their actions. Yet international organizations have an unenviable track record of acting without regard to the most fundamental international standards of rule of law, and this article offers an unsightly catalogue of their legal aberrations. Moreover, the internal legal mechanisms international organizations have created ostensibly to hold themselves to account prove wanting at best. There may also be structural reasons why international courts and tribunals will never be able to conduct an adequate review of the important decisions international organizations routinely take. This makes those organizations' assertions of blanket legal immunity from jurisdiction of domestic courts appear increasingly inexplicable, as it removes all possibility of legal accountability. The supposed rationales for legal immunities of international organizations are reviewed and proved wanting. The conclusion drawn is that international organizations should be subjected to radically improved regimes of international judicial oversight, or their immunities should be abrogated in certain areas so that they may be rendered subject to the jurisdiction of the domestic courts of the countries in which they operate, or both. Measures of this kind may dramatically improve the quality of decision-making and accountability of international organizations.
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Anisimov, Aleksey Pavlovich, and Anatoliy Jakovlevich Ryzhenkov. "Is it possible to change the destiny of stray animals by legal means?" International Journal of Legal Discourse 4, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijld-2019-2020.
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AbstractThe article deals with the theory and practice of treatment of stray animals in light of the latest changes in the Russian legislation. The research includes issues of terminology as well as the place of the function of treatment of stray animals in the system of municipal administration functions. The authors prove the unreasonableness of the strategy of returning stray animals sterilized in shelters to the habitat, argue in favor of measures for development of legal liability for violation of the legislation on treatment of stray animals, measures for registration (record) of such animals, the importance of transition to standards of circular economy in the field of waste management, measures for development of culture and education. It is proved that only a set of economic, legal and other measures can lead to success. Decrease in the number of stray animals will lead to the improvement of the sanitary situation in cities, lower the risk of bites and diseases transmitted with their help, and reduce the number of offenses related to cruelty to animals, car accidents involving stray animals, as well as cases of moral stress for children who daily observe suffering of stray cats and dogs.
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Paryzkyi, Ihor, Oleksii Humin, Serhii Matvieiev, Olha Marchenko, and Alina Chukaieva. "Administrative offense as deterrent to prove objective aspect in criminal proceedings." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 45 (October 29, 2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.45.09.10.
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The purpose of the article is to study administrative offense as a deterrent to proving the objective element in criminal proceedings. The research methodology includes the use of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition: dialectical, epistemological, logical and semantic, system and structural, normative and dogmatic, monographic, legal modeling methods. Research results: The article examines the problems of co-existence of administrative and criminal offenses. The signs of delimitation of these illegal acts are determined, as well as difficulties in defining and differentiating between administrative and criminal offences are established, which creates legal gaps and conflicts. The problem of administrative offense as a deterrent to proving the objective element in criminal proceedings is described. Practical implications: The main obstacles to legal accountability related to the consideration of administrative offenses are identified. Value / originality: The ways to overcome the above problems are proposed.
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Repev, Artem G. "Benefits in law, legal science and practice." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 12, no. 1 (2021): 224–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2021.115.
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The article presents a theoretical analysis of “privilege” as a category of jurisprudence through the prism of the system of advantages in law. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that despite the study (mainly in the field of financial and banking law) of benefits, this legal phenomenon has not become the object of a comprehensive analysis. For the first time, the author proves the significant impact of benefits on the functioning of many areas of modern society (state policy, economy, social relations, etc.). The practical significance of the study is due to the consideration of benefits as means aimed at strengthening the independence and special legal status of subjects in need of state support (business community, employees of state law enforcement and other bodies, etc.), as well as social assistance (disabled people, veterans, minors, etc.). The author aims to prove the social, state-legal necessity of using this legal tool in the process of regulating public relations, to consider the main functions and goals of benefits, their internal classification. Using a variety of means and methods of cognition, the objective and subjective determinants of legislative consolidation of such a deviation from equality are identified, based on social and natural causes of occurrence, economic conditions and special legal factors. The need to analyze legislation and law enforcement practice has determined the necessity to identify existing patterns and shortcomings of technical and legal consolidation of benefits. These include the presence of synonymy in the legislation, which is characteristic of the system of advantages, in which the same terms denote different legal phenomena in their essence; the absence of a definitive apparatus, which makes it necessary to develop technical and legal measures aimed at improving the legislative consolidation of benefits, removing administrative barriers to their implementation.
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Pérez Forero, Andrea Carolina. "Biocombustibles en Suramérica referentes normativos y legislación actual." Prolegómenos 13, no. 26 (November 10, 2010): 215–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/prole.2439.
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<p>El acercamiento que se ofrece en el presente estudio muestra un panorama global acerca de la situación normativa precedente y actual en materia de biocombustibles de cinco países suramericanos: Brasil, Colombia, Argentina, Chile y Venezuela, por ser estos los que en la actualidad tienen una representación más significativa frente al tema.</p><p>Dicho estudio se realiza desde una perspectiva jurídica, dado que es del marco legal de cada país que esta nueva alternativa energética tiene cabida y aplicación. Para ello se acude a algunos referentes normativos que sirven de sustento a la normativa vigente con la que se concluye.</p>
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Baried, Rizky Ramadhan. "Pembuktian Potensi Kerugian dalam Gugatan terhadap Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara." SASI 27, no. 3 (October 7, 2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v27i3.558.
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Administrative court verdict number 04/G/2013/PTUN.YK. juncto 149/B/2013/PT.TUN.SBY., verdict number 18/G/2015/PTUN.YK. juncto 115/B/2016/PT.TUN.SBY. juncto 37 PK/TUN/2017, and verdict number 14/G/2017/PTUN.YK. juncto 205/B/2017/PT.TUN.SBY. were example that license (as the state administrative decision) issued by administrative officials as the object of lawsuit in administrative court, by the reason of potential loss, which normatively regulared by law number 9 of 2004 and its expansion in law number 30 of 2014. As known, principle of ‘negativa non sunt probanda’ state that facts that have not/not yet been proven cannot be proven, while it is opened by the regulation above, of course it will have implications for the procedure of evidence in court to arouse the confiction of judges and affordability of Article 53 of law number 9 of 2004 in a lawsuit with a potential loss reason. This research is an empirical legal research with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Subject of this research was administrative judges of Yogyakarta Administrative Court as primary data and analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the judge could prove the potential loss as the basis of lawsuit by assessing the legal standing of plaintiff, whether plaintiff had an interest in the issuance of the state administrative decisions or not. Meanwhile, potential losses can be proven by means of a systematic interpretation between Article 53 of law number 9 of 2004 and Article 87 of law number 30 of 2014.
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Δάφνη (Christina Dafni), Χριστίνα, Νικόλαος Πεφάνης (Nikolaos Pefanis), Δανάη Δήμου (Danai Dimou), Γεώργιος Πούλος (Georgios Poulos), Άννα Μαρία Ιωαννίδου (Anna Maria Ioannidou), Θεοδώρα Κατσίλα (Theodora Katsila), and Γεώργιος Πατρινός (Giorgos Patrinos). "Τράπεζες ομφαλοπλακουντιακού αίματος: Τρέχουσες προκλήσεις και όραμα." Bioethica 3, no. 1 (February 8, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bioeth.19865.
Full textAbstract:
Stem cell transplants have been proved beneficial toward optimum disease management. In particular, cord blood has been a valuable source of stem cells with clinically proven applications for the treatment of a series of heamatological and immune system malignancies and several genetic disorders.To this end, cord blood banking has been established in the public and private sector. Nevertheless, current morals and ethics as well as the lack of a well-defined legal framework for the operation of cord blood banks hamper their clinical role and concern the general public.