Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protonthérapie, Potentiels évoqués visuels'
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Azemar, Nathan. "Μοdélisatiοn des tοxicités οptiques induites par radiοthérapie avec faisceaux de prοtοns." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04947852.
Full textProton therapy, with its ability to deliver high doses to tumors while sparing healthy tissues, is a preferred therapeutic option for treating tumors located near optical structures. However, radiation exposure can damage visual pathways, leading to severe visual deficits. This thesis aims to model the optical toxicities induced by proton therapy in patients treated for head and neck tumors. This work is based on the analysis of dosimetric and paraclinical data collected from 223 patients treated with proton therapy at the Centre François Baclesse and monitored at the University Hospital of Caen. A multicenter database was created, including dosimetry data as well as paraclinical examination results (visual field tests, optical coherence tomography, and visual evoked potentials). A relational model was developed to establish a link between visual field outcomes and the dose received by visual organs. This modeling highlighted challenges in associating visual field points with optical pathway structures, due to the small size of these structures, segmentation uncertainties, and patient movements. Consequently, a data reduction and uncertainty evaluation were performed. These analyses revealed the immediate effects of treatment on paraclinical examinations, as well as their progression over time. This work paves the way for the use of geometric and statistical models to predict visual complications, thus optimizing patient care
Pierret, Anne. "Les potentiels évoqués visuels appliqués à l'étude de l'imagerie mentale chez l'homme." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T214.
Full textGong, Ning. "Contribution à la caractérisation et à la classification des potentiels évoqués visuels." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD856.
Full textBouattoura, Djaaffar. "Contribution à l'extraction, la cartographie et la classification des potentiels évoqués visuels." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1019.
Full textChakroun, Hichem. "Etude des potentiels évoqués visuels et des processus attentionnels chez les déprimés." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX22027.
Full textCabon, Maelenn. "Nouvelle méthode de traitement des potentiels évoqués visuels pour l’estimation de l’acuité visuelle chez le jeune enfant." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0007.
Full textSweep VEP (visual evoked potentials) is known to be a valuable exam to estimate visual acuity (VA) in infants because of its objectivity and its rapidity. Nevertheless, several studies have pointed out the variability of the responses and sometimes attenuations at some spatial frequencies called “notches”. In this thesis, we demonstrate a relationship between the phase of the signal and these attenuations when the short-time discrete Fourier transform (STDFT) is used. We introduce a new method of signal processing which takes in account the phase shifting, based on stationary discrete wavelet transform (SDWT) for the denoising and on extended Kalman filtering (EKF) for the estimation of the visual system response. The new method is tested on two sets of exams. The first one comes from the CHRU of Lille and the second one from our laboratory. The SDWT improves the signal to noise ratio on average by 10.9 dB (CI95 [6.3,15.6]) and reduces artefacts caused by blinking or eyes movements. Thanks to the EKF, the estimation of the response of the visual system is more precise. By taking into account the phase of the signal, the shape of the reponse presentsless variations. The dispersion among the sweeps is divided by 1.4 compared to the DSTFT. The correlation between ETDRS VA and the VA estimation of the new method (Spearman’s correlation= 0.64, p-value=6 10-4, root mean squared error (RMSE)=0.34 logMAR) is better than that of the current method (Spearman’s correlation=0.58, p-value=1.1 10-3, RMSE=0.45 logMAR)
Rondeau, Mac Leod Annie. "Potentiels évoqués cognitifs et processus attentionnels visuels : fluctuations au cours du nycthemere avec maintien d'éveil : régulation homeostasique et chronobiologique." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21415.
Full textThe main of this study is to test the variability of visual evoked potentials during 24 hours. The present investigation utilized the evoked potentials specially the P300 component of the visual evoked potentials as an index of information processing (discrimination) for selective attention. Visually evoked potentials were recorded to target and non-target stimuli during 27 hours without sleep. Time of day, repeated testing on the P300 component amplitude and latency, tympanic temperature, subjective scales, are investigated. Subjects (experimental group N=9, control group N=9) were tested using a standard oddball paradigm. The results indicate that time of day on repeated testing, affect P300 amplitude and topography. Amplitude of P300 was significantly higher in Fz. This change due to time of day may reflect circadian and/or homeostatic variations in cognitive resources indexed by the P300 component, while decrements repeated testing may reflect changes in allocation of resources across hours
Cheruy, Pascale. "Étude de modèles de potentiels évoqués visuels en vue de la détection et de la classification des réponses en temps réel." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD256.
Full textA method is presented for single sweep analysis. It aims at increasing the average signal to noise ratio. A bibliographic study first describes different experimental protocols and classical signal processing including averaging, Wiener filter, and latency corrected averaging and adaptative filter. Three different models are tested : autoregressive model, kalman filtering and an original model based on Gaussian curves. A discriminant factor analysis is achieved using parameters derived from the three different models in order to separate a class of synthetic signals from a class of noise (EEG). A discriminant vector is calculated and used to classify single sweeps from different subjects. The selected averaging shows an increasing of the signal to noise ratio for every tested subject specially for the method based on Gaussian curves
Jobert, Marc. "Filtrage adapté : application à l'étude des potentiels évoqués visuels et à la détection des signaux caractéristiques du stade 2 de l'EEG du sommeil." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD283.
Full textNguyen, Thien Huong. "Amblyopie fonctionnelle après traitement : étude clinique, électrophysiologique et en I.R.M., par imagerie en tenseur de diffusion des voies optiques rétrochiasmatiques et imagerie fonctionnelle de la réponse corticale et de la rivalité binoculaire." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066449.
Full textRenaud-Rougier, Marie-Bénédicte. "Apport des potentiels évoqués visuels précoces (P45 et P75) à la compréhension de l'organisation du système visuel: mise en évidence de processus cognitifs sous-corticaux." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28600.
Full textMacé, Marc. "Représentations visuelles précoces dans la catégorisation rapide de scènes naturelles chez l'homme et le singe." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00077594.
Full textcomposée de trois chapitres, chacun abordant un aspect particulier de la construction des
représentations visuelles précoces utilisées pour catégoriser rapidement les objets.
Nous montrons dans le premier chapitre que les informations magnocellulaires sont probablement très
impliquées dans la construction des représentations visuelles précoces. Ces représentations
rudimentaires de la scène visuelle pourraient servir à guider les traitements effectués sur les
informations parvocellulaires accessibles plus tardivement.
Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous nous intéressons à la chronométrie des traitements visuels, en
analysant les résultats de tâches conçues pour diminuer le temps de réaction des sujets ainsi que la
latence de l'activité différentielle cérébrale. Nous étudions également la dynamique fine de ces
traitements grâce à un protocole de masquage dans lequel l'information n'est accessible à l'écran que
pendant une période de temps très courte et nous montrons ainsi toute l'importance des 20-40
premières millisecondes de traitement.
Le troisième chapitre traite de la nature des représentations visuelles précoces et des tâches qu'elles
permettent de réaliser. Des expériences dans lesquelles les sujets doivent catégoriser des animaux à
différents niveaux montrent que le premier niveau auquel le système visuel accède n'est pas le niveau
de base mais le niveau superordonné. Ces résultats vont à l'encontre de l'architecture classiquement
admise sur la base de travaux utilisant des processus lexicaux et met en évidence l'importance de
facteurs comme l'expertise et la diagnosticité des indices visuels pour expliquer la vitesse d'accès aux
différents niveaux de catégorie.
Ces différents résultats permettent de caractériser les représentations précoces que le système visuel
utilise pour extraire le sens des informations qui lui parviennent et faire émerger la représentation
interne du monde telle que nous la percevons.
Turi, Federica. "Interface cerveau-ordinateur adaptée à l'utilisateur." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03149221.
Full textBrain-Computer Interface (BCI) allows communication between a user and a machine, by converting the user's brain activity into commands that control external devices. Many limitations prevent the diffusion of BCI systems in real applications, such as the calibration phase that is a consequence of the issue of variability across sessions and among users. The calibration phase is fundamental because it allows to set the main parameters to extract the relevant information from the electroencephalograpy (EEG) signal of the subject, but it is considered time consuming and tedious for the user.The objective of this thesis is to overcome these limitations by novel methods based on the improvement or even replacement of the traditional calibration phase, proposing the development of a user-centered BCI system.Firstly, we present a design to develop an adaptive BCI system for two different applications. The former deals with a code-modulated Visual Evoked Potential (c-VEP) speller where an adaptive parameter setting phase is proposed to replace the standard calibration phase. The latter application concerns the development of a Mental Imagery (MI) BCI for a disabled user, characterized by a long user-centered multi-stage training phase, in the context of a international BCI competition.Secondly, we propose an auto-calibration c-VEP BCI system exploiting the language information. In our model the fundamental properties that characterize the VEP response are used to predict the full word using a dictionary, eliminating the traditional calibration phase.The proposed methods showed promising results and open new perspectives to the diffusion of BCI
Campion, Sébastien. "Interfaces cerveau-ordinateur pour améliorer l'identification de la dyspnée chez les patients ventilés artificiellement." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS190.
Full textAlmost half of the patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) in intensive care units (ICU) experience respiratory discomfort (or dyspnea). Communication impairments between patients and caregivers in ICU make recognition and evaluation of such a dyspnea difficult. The aim of this work was to develop brain-computer interfaces (BCI) to help caregivers recognizing respiratory discomfort under MV in ICU. In the DYSVENT study, dyspneic patients under MV in ICU were included. An electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded at baseline and after optimization of ventilator settings. The EEG was analyzed to look for a pre-inspiratory potential (PIP) which is a sign of a ventilation-related cortical activity (VRCA), which is usually absent during spontaneous breathing. In the DYSPEV study, 2 BCIs based on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) were tested on healthy volunteers: a BCI that detects dyspnea (D-BCI) and a BCI that quantifies the dyspnea in the form of a virtual visual analogic scale (LAS). Subjects were studies under various respiratory conditions: spontaneous breathing (SB), inspiratory threshold load (ITL) and resistive load (IRL), CO2 inhalation (CO2) and back to SB (SBWO). Many frequency sets were tested: 12/15Hz, 15/20Hz, 20/30Hz for D-BCI and high frequencies (13, 17, 19, 23 and 29 Hz) and low frequencies (41, 43, 47, 53 and 59 Hz) for the LAS. In the DYSVENT study, included patients (n = 47) were dyspneic in 73 to 89% of cases according to the evaluation method used (EVA or the hetero-evaluation scores IC-RDOS or RDOS). The optimization of the ventilator settings significantly improved their discomfort. At baseline 38% of the patients had a PIP on EEG versus 19% after ventilator optimization (p < 10-4). Predictive positive value of PIP detection to identify respiratory discomfort was 1.00 (95CI [0.91-1.00]) using IC-RDOS and 0.96 (95CI [0,87-1,00]) using RDOS. Predictive negative value was 0.37 (95CI [0.25-0.50]) using IC-RDOS and 0.31 (95CI [0.19-0.44]) using RDOS. In the DYSPEV study, healthy volunteers experienced respiratory discomfort during IRL, ITL and CO2 in the D-BCI group (30 subjects) and during ITL and CO2 in the LAS group (20 subjects, ITL condition not tested in this group) with VAS significantly higher than during SB. For the D-BCI the best frequency set was 20-30Hz with AUC 0.89 (95CI [0.80-0.90]) and low frequencies for the LAS with AUC 0.84 (95CI [0.83-0.85]). In the DYSVENT study, VRCA detection was insufficient to highlight situations at risk of respiratory discomfort under MV. The DYSPEV study made the proof of concept in healthy volunteers of using a SSVEP-based BCI to detect and quantify dyspnea. A BCI gathering both techniques could be developed to help caregivers recognizing and taking care of respiratory discomfort under MV in ICU
Hammarrenger, Benoît. "Évaluation aux potentiels évoqués visuels des voies magnocellulaire et parvocellulaire au cours du développement." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14696.
Full textKang, Jun Il. "Modulation cholinergique à long terme des potentiels évoqués visuels dans le cortex visuel chez le rat." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8236.
Full textKang, Jun-Il. "Modulation cholinergique à long terme des potentiels évoqués visuels dans le cortex visuel chez le rat." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8236.
Full textBrideau-Duquette, Mathieu. "Traitement de stimuli sexuels visuels statiques par l’insula en EEG intracrânien : une étude de potentiels évoqués." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22731.
Full textHébert-Lalonde, Noémie. "Utilisation des potentiels évoqués visuels stationnaires pour mieux évaluer la neurotoxicité visuelle chez les enfants exposés au vigabatrin." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11425.
Full textEpilepsy control is a major issue for the normal development in children. For the vast majority of children with infantile spasms and for some with refractory complex partial seizures, vigabatrin (VGB) represents the main treatment. VGB, which have shown high efficiency rate in this population, may, however, induce a peripheral visual field deficit, often asymptomatic. Clinical visual field assessment with perimetry is practically impossible in patients less than nine years of developmental age. Electrophysiological studies in epileptic children suggest an impact on the retinal structures related to the cones. However, standard protocols are not field-specific and the deficits reported in the literature are not coherent with the peripheral deficit observed. Thus, this thesis aims to develop a fast and efficient electrophysiological protocol to examine the visual field’s integrity, which would be useful in pediatric testing and to assess the visual field long-term effects of the VGB in school-aged epileptic children exposed early in life. The first article concerns the method’s validation. The stimulation is made of two high-contrast radial checks reversing at two different temporal frequencies. Adult testing reveals that only one electrode (Oz) is needed to record simultaneously both central and peripheral visual fields and that steady-state use allows fast gathering of both electrophysiological responses. No effect of age or sex was found in the comparison of adult and child’ responses. Moreover, the visual acuity, as calculated by the binocular visual acuity index, was related to the central signal when comparing healthy participants with central visual impaired adolescents. Our method presents several advantages in evaluating visual fields integrity, as it is fast, reliable and efficient, and applicable in children. The aim of the second article of the thesis is the assessment of the long term visual effect on the visual field in children exposed to VGB in infancy in comparison to epileptic children exposed to other antiepileptics and with healthy children using the previously validated electrophysiology method with the addition of contrast variation and simultaneous recording of electroretinograms. Results reveal a cortical central deficit at high and mid-range contrast in VGB exposed-children and at high contrast in other antiepileptic exposed group. The contrast gain is also affected in both epileptic groups. The absence of difference between both epileptic groups does not allow distinguishing the impact of medication and/or seizure disorder. The peripheral retinal response is also altered in the VGB-exposed group in comparison to the healthy group. The peripheral retinal response is related to the exposition duration. This result concurs with previous studies in the literature. Finally, the results of the thesis offer an objective, fast, efficient and alternative method to assess visual fields in children. They also bring a new point of view on the likely long term impacts of the VGB in children exposed in infancy.
Lavoie, Karyne. "Le rôle du système magnocellulaire dans la dyslexie développementale." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16990.
Full textDoucet, Marie-Ève. "Plasticité des aires visuelles chez le sujet sain et chez l'implanté cochléaire." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17007.
Full textCoudé, Gino. "Rôle des neuromodulateurs dans les fonctions visuelles : l'angiotensine II et la dopamine." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14935.
Full textBertrand-Rivest, Jessica. "Étude du traitement visuel simple et complexe chez les enfants autistes." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10333.
Full textAtypical perceptual information processing is commonly described in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In the visual modality, influential work with autistic adults suggests altered connectivity within specialized local networks defining the response properties of stimulus-driven mechanisms. This has led to the development of a hypothesis that stipulates that the efficiency of autistic visual perception is contingent on the complexity of the neural network involved (Complexity-specific hypothesis). When several cortical areas must communicate with each other (as in texture-defined perception, also called second-order), reduced sensitivity to visual input is observed in autistic individuals. In contrast, when visual processing predominately relies on the primary visual cortex V1 (as in luminance-defined perception, also called first-order), their sensitivity is either enhanced (stationary stimuli) or intact (moving stimuli). This dissociation in performance is unique to ASD and suggests atypical connectivity within their visual cortex. The precise type of neural alteration remains unknown, however. In addition, studies focusing on younger individuals are needed to define the developmental trajectories of perceptual abilities in autism. This issue is crucial for perceptual theories of ASD. The first experiment aims to investigate whether the dissociation regarding first- and second-order spatial vision is also present in school-aged children with autism. We combined the use of behavioural (psychophysics) and neuroimaging (visual evoked potentials: VEPs) methods. The second experiment was designed to assess the integrity of one type of neural connections that are known to be involved in texture processing: feedback processes from extrastriate areas towards lower hierarchical levels (V1). As such, we used a visual texture segregation task and isolated a texture-segregation specific VEP component that mainly reflects feedback modulation in the visual cortex. Behavioural measures from the first experiment do not reveal differences in visual thresholds between typically developing and autistic children for both luminance- and texture-defined stimuli. With respect to electrophysiology, there is no group difference in brain activity associated with luminance-defined stimuli. However, unlike typical children, autistic children do not reliably show reliable enhancements of brain activity in response to texture-defined stimuli during time-windows more closely associated with second-order processing. These differences emerge after 200 msec post-stimulation and mainly involve extrastriate areas located over occipito-temporal and parietal scalp areas. Regarding the second experiment, the texture-segregation specific VEP component is found to be greatly diminished over the right as compared to the left occipito-lateral cortex in autism, while it shows no hemispheric asymmetry in typically developing children. In summary, in line with the complexity-specific hypothesis, cortical representation of second-order attributes (texture) is atypically reduced in autistic children. This thesis further reveals that altered feedback from extrastriate visual areas to lower areas (V1) is one of the neuronal mechanisms involved in atypical texture processing. In contrast, contrary to the results obtained in adults with autism, first-order vision (luminance) is not found to be superior in autistic children.
Ethier, Audrey-Anne. "La neurotoxicité développementale associée au méthylmercure, au plomb et aux biphényles polychlorés : l’attention et le traitement visuel à l’étude." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12359.
Full textThe deleterious impact of environmental contaminants (EC) has been extensively studied in acute exposure and poisoning events. What about the chronic exposure to lower doses on cognitive and sensory development of children? The longitudinal studies of this thesis were conducted in Nunavik. Although geographically distant from industrial centers, the Inuit community is exposed to EC via their transport by atmospheric and oceanic currents and their bioaccumulation in fish and sea mammals. Since traditional native foods, especially beluga meat, are still frequently consumed by this community, a substantial proportion of Inuit infants are exposed in utero to EC. Inuit children are also continuously exposed to these neurotoxic agents during postnatal development. The considerable variation in consumption of traditional food within this community provides an opportunity to investigate the relation between degree of exposure to EC and the effects on cognitive and sensory development of children. Although some deficits have already been related with chronic exposure to environmental contaminants in the literature, this thesis is interested more specifically at these relations in Inuit children living up North. Furthermore, the protocols that were developed for this thesis will evaluate new aspects related to EC, which are the visuospatial attention and the early brain visual processing. The first part of this thesis was designed to assess the effect of three EC on visuospatial attention with a modified Posner paradigm (M.I. Posner, et al., 1980). This psychophysical task was administered to Inuit children (mean age = 11.2 years) for whom the levels of exposure to mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were documented for pre and postnatal periods. In utero exposures to Pb and PCBs were significantly associated with greater impulsivity and inattention, respectively, while current exposure to Pb was significantly associated with longer reaction times. Although no specific effect has been found on visuospatial attention, the results of this study suggest that exposure to EC is associated with decreased in general attentional abilities in children living in Nunavik. In the second part, early brain processing of visual information was assessed using visual evoked potentials with children from the same community (mean age = 10.9 years). Cord blood Hg level measured at birth was associated with a reduction of the amplitude and an increase of the latency of the N75 component. Prenatal exposure to Pb was associated with a delay of the N150 latency. These results suggest that heavy metal exposure, in particular during the gestational period, is associated with alterations in visual development. The results presented in this thesis support the hypothesis that the developing brain is vulnerable during a chronic exposure to EC, even at concentration levels below the limits recommended by public health agencies. The results also shed new light on cognitive and sensory deficits associated with EC.
Jacques, Caroline. "Rôle de l’apport prénatal en acides gras oméga-3 sur le développement à long terme des fonctions visuelles chez les enfants Inuits." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3772.
Full textFish and sea mammals consumption is an important source of omega-3 fatty acids, known for their beneficial effects on human brain development. Several lines of evidence indicate that omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial especially for the development of the visual system. However, the long-term effect of prenatal exposure to omega-3 fatty acids on human visual development is unknown. This question was addressed using visual evoked potentials (PEVs) to study a cohort of school-age Inuit children (n = 136; mean age = 11.3 years old) from Arctic Quebec (Nunavik) who received high levels of omega-3 intake during gestation. PEV protocols using color and motion-onset stimuli were used to assess the parvocellular and magnocellular responses, respectively. Concentrations of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA were measured at birth in the umbilical cord and at the time of testing, reflecting pre- and post-natal exposure, respectively. Relations between omega-3 and VEPs were assessed by multivariate regression analyses, taking into account environmental contaminants and other potential confounding variables. No significant associations were found with motion-onset VEPs. However, after adjustment for covariables, cord blood concentrations of DHA were associated with a shorter latency of the N1 and P1 components of the color VEPs. Our study suggests beneficial effects of DHA on the visual parvocellular system at school age. This is the first study supporting the longlasting beneficial effects of prenatal exposure to DHA.
Podubnaia-Birca, Ala. "Caractérisation électro-clinique des convulsions fébriles et risque d’épilepsie." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2775.
Full textThe incidence of epilepsy in children with febrile seizures (FS) varies from 2 to 3%, but available clinical tools do not allow the identification of those children who will later develop epilepsy. Evidences have shown quantitative EEG abnormalities, more particularly revealed by intermittent photic stimulation (IPS), in patients with epilepsy. No studies have yet examined quantitative EEG parameters in children with FS. It is not known either whether they can be relevant to the evaluation of FSs prognosis. The objectives of this research program were to identify, first, clinical risk factors for developing epilepsy after FS and, second, to determine quantitative EEG markers that differentiate FS patients from normal controls and may aid to evaluate their prognosis. In order to meet our first objective, we reviewed the charts of 482 children with FS, aged 3 months to 6 years. Using survival statistics, we described risk factors for developing partial (prenatal antecedents, developmental delay, prolonged and focal FS) and generalized (family history of epilepsy, recurrent FS and FS after the age of 4 years) epilepsy after FS. In addition, we identified several distinct clinical phenotypes related to the prognosis of FS: (i) simple FS with a family history of FS, not related to a subsequent epilepsy, (ii) recurrent FS with a family history of epilepsy and an increased risk of generalised epilepsy and (iii) focal FS with a family history of epilepsy and an increased risk of partial epilepsy. In order to meet our second objective, we analyzed the steady-state visual potentials (SSVEP) evoked by IPS (5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 Hz) as a function of age. The high density EEG (128 channels) was recorded in 61 normal children between 6 months and 16 years of age and 8 adults. We showed different topographical development of low (5-15 Hz) and high (30-50 Hz) frequency SSVEP components phase alignment. Thus, low frequency phase alignment increased with age only over the frontal and occipital regions, whereas high frequency phase alignment increased over all cerebral regions. Then, using the same methodology, we investigated whether children with FS show abnormalities of gamma frequency SSVEP components. We show an increase of both magnitude and phase alignment of the gamma frequency SSVEP components in 12 FS patients compared to 5 siblings of FS patients and 15 control children between 6 and 36 months of age. This study has identified distinct electro-clinical phenotypes that differentiate FS patients from the group of siblings and controls. Future studies should investigate whether detected abnormalities are associated with the clinical presentation of FS and their prognosis. This could help identify children with FSs who will later develop epilepsy and would eventually allow the institution of an early neuroprotective treatment.