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Journal articles on the topic 'Proton-induced X-ray emission'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Petric, Marko, and Matjaž Kavčič. "Chemical speciation via X-ray emission spectroscopy in the tender X-ray range." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, no. 2 (2016): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ja00394f.

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Kα X-ray emission spectra from a series of phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine containing compounds covering the full range of oxidation states were measured employing high energy resolution proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectroscopy in the tender X-ray range.

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2

NAKANISHI, Tomoko M., Shoji FUTATSUGAWA, and Kouichiro SERA. "PIXE(Proton Induced X-Ray Emission) Analysis of Caatinger." RADIOISOTOPES 44, no. 2 (1995): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.44.103.

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3

Hong-Kou, Li, and K. G. Malmqvist. "Hair analysis using proton induced X-ray emission techniques." Science of The Total Environment 42, no. 1-2 (March 1985): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90024-5.

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4

Denker, A., and J. Opitz-Coutureau. "Proton-induced x-ray emission using 68 MeV Protons." X-Ray Spectrometry 33, no. 1 (January 2004): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.706.

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5

Jex, D. G., M. W. Hill, and N. F. Mangelson. "Proton induced X-ray emission of spherical particles: Corrections for X-ray attenuation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 49, no. 1-4 (April 1990): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(90)90231-i.

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6

Pwa, Aung, R. Siegele, D. D. Cohen, E. Stelcer, and J. C. van Moort. "Proton induced X-ray emission and proton induced gamma ray emission analysis in geochemical exploration for gold and base metal deposits." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 190, no. 1-4 (May 2002): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(01)01196-x.

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7

Hall, Gene S., and Eliahu Navon. "Proton-induced X-ray and gamma ray emission analysis of biological samples." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 15, no. 1-6 (April 1986): 629–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(86)90381-2.

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8

Iwatani, S., J. Kaneko, J. Hasegawa, H. Fukuda, R. He, Y. Saitoh, T. Sakai, T. Ogawa, and Y. Oguri. "Imaging by using proton-induced quasi-monochromatic X-ray emission." Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 5, no. 5-6 (January 2004): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stam.2004.03.010.

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9

Luta, A. M., I. I. Kravchenko, F. E. Dunnam, H. A. Van Rinsvelt, and C. P. Meyer. "Proton induced X-ray emission analysis of aberrant cowrie shells." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 215, no. 1-2 (January 2004): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(03)01791-9.

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10

Wallenwein, R., H. Blank, E. K. Jessberger, and K. Traxel. "Proton Induced X-Ray Emission (Pixe) Analysis of Meteoritic Microsamples." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 85 (1985): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100084542.

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AbstractInterplanetary dust particles (IDPs) collected in the stratosphere are thought to be mostly of cometary origin. They survived heating during their deceleration in the earth’s atmosphere (1). Because of their small size (< 50 μm ) and mass (< 10−7 g) they are difficult to analyse. Special preparation and examination methods have been developed for their investigations (2). We set out to study the trace-element-composition of these particles using the Heidelberg proton microprobe.

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11

Latha, P., P. Magudapathy, K. K. Abdullah, K. G. M. Nair, B. R. S. Babu, and K. M. Varier. "Anomalous scattering factor using proton induced X-ray emission technique." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 107 (February 2015): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.09.016.

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12

Lytle, N. W., M. W. Hill, K. E. Lambert, N. F. Mangelson, and S. S. W. Kwak. "Proton-induced X-ray emission analysis of munitions disposal residues." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 10-11 (May 1985): 650–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(85)90075-8.

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13

Nogami, M., K. Hitomi, and K. Ishii. "Proton-induced X-ray emission analysis of the Chinese yam." International Journal of PIXE 30, no. 03n04 (December 2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083520500096.

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The Chinese yam is a major component of the Japanese diet consumed in raw and cooked form. It is important to determine the nutrient contents of yam, which contains high potassium levels; a simple measurement method is required. We performed proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of fully grown and immature yams. Analysis of the yam trunk, skin, and hair roots revealed that the skin potassium concentration was 10-fold higher than that of the trunk; consumption of the skin is thus recommended. Longitudinal measurements of mineral concentrations in a growing yam revealed that the concentrations increased in the growth direction.

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14

Ohkoshi, E., S. Horimatsu, T. Tada, K. Hitomi, M. Nogami, and K. Ishii. "Proton-induced X-ray emission analysis of white birch milk." International Journal of PIXE 30, no. 03n04 (December 2020): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083520500102.

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15

Ishii, Keizo, Atsuki Terakawa, Hiroki Ushijima, Keitaro Hitomi, Nobumichi Nagano, and Mitsuhiro Nogami. "Use of a medical positron emission tomography cyclotron to perform proton-induced X-ray emission analysis." International Journal of PIXE 28, no. 03n04 (January 2018): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083518500183.

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We explored whether medical positron emission tomography (PET) cyclotron proton beams could be used for proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis. The beam current of the medical PET cyclotron is high, as required for radioisotope production, and is not commonly used for PIXE analysis. We successfully extracted stable proton beams of low intensity by using the ion source of a medical cyclotron to exploit proton impurities in deuteron gas. We performed 20-MeV PIXE analysis of a biological sample (used tea leaves). Elements lighter than Sr could be detected with high sensitivity ([Formula: see text]14 ppm) using a silicon drift detector. We thus showed that a medical cyclotron widely used for PET diagnosis could be employed for PIXE analysis of biological samples.

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16

Joseph, Daisy, S. V. S. Nageshwara Rao, and S. Kailas. "Measurement of L X-Ray Production Cross-Sections of Au, Ho, Bi and K-X-Ray Cross Sections of Nb, Sn, Sb by Using Protons of Energy 4 MeV." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.24.1.

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L X-ray production cross-sections for the elements Au, Ho, Bi and K X-ray production cross-sections for the Nb, Sn, Sb have been measured using proton beam of energy 4MeV. The experimentally measured cross sections using PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) and RBS (Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry) have been compared with the values obtained by the theoretical predictions of ECPSSR model and they are in agreement within an experimental error of 10%.

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17

Anderson, Alan J., Alan H. Clark, Xin-Pei Ma, Gerald R. Palmer, J. Duncan MacArthur, and Edwin Roedder. "Proton-induced X-ray and gamma-ray emission analysis of unopened fluid inclusions." Economic Geology 84, no. 4 (July 1, 1989): 924–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.84.4.924.

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18

Simon, Arleyn W., Destiny L. Crider, Tatsuya Murakami, and Barry Wilkens. "Arizona Salado turquoise: source studies with proton-induced X-ray emission and X-ray diffraction." Open Journal of Archaeometry 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2013): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/arc.2013.e10.

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We compare the composition of turquoise source materials from Arizona to prehistoric blue-green stone artifacts recovered from Salado platform mounds (ca. AD 1275-1450) in the Tonto Basin of Central Arizona. Turquoise samples from known source areas in Arizona including Kingman, Castle Dome, in the Globe- Miami area are compare with others that may have been potential sources of turquoise artifacts recovered from the Salado platform mounds. The complementary techniques of proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) for chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for mineralogical signatures are used for nondestructive characterisation of both source area samples and archaeological artifacts. The results of the source area sample characterisations are compared quantitatively with the results of archaeological samples, which are evaluated in terms of their likelihood of being from each of the regional sources. The combination of mineralogical and chemical data to identify source materials provides a more thorough identification of the complex variations within turquoise related materials that may not be distinguished by visual inspection. The PIXE and XRD analysis are compared using a set of multivariate statistics including principal components analysis and discriminant analysis. Additionally, a set of Munsell colour charts specifically for the blue-green range of colours is used to objectively qualify colour in comparison to chemical and mineralogical signatures, as colour alone is not a reliable indicator of composition. The results provide objective data to assess directionality of procurement of turquoise and regional social and economic ties to better understand Salado regional connections during this dynamic period in the American Southwest.

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19

Lowe, T., Q. Chen, Q. Fernando, R. Keith, and A. J. Gandolfi. "Elemental analysis of renal slices by proton-induced X-ray emission." Environmental Health Perspectives 101, no. 4 (September 1993): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.93101302.

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20

Beasley, D. G., A. C. Marques, L. C. Alves, and R. C. da Silva. "Fast simulation of Proton Induced X-Ray Emission Tomography using CUDA." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 306 (July 2013): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.053.

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21

Beasley, D. G., A. C. Marques, L. C. Alves, and R. C. da Silva. "GPU-accelerated reconstruction methods for Proton Induced X-Ray Emission Tomography." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 95 (February 2014): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.03.001.

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22

Johansson, Sven A. E. "Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectrometry — state of the art." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 324, no. 7 (January 1986): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00468372.

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23

Zhou, Xianming, Jing Wei, Rui Cheng, Yanhong Chen, Yongtao Zhao, and Xiaoan Zhang. "Energy Dependency of Proton-Induced Outer-Shell Multiple Ionization for 48Cd and 49In." Laser and Particle Beams 2021 (January 20, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6653739.

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L subshell X-rays of 48Cd and 49In have been measured for the impact of protons with energies from 75 to 250 keV. Obviously, it is found that Lγ2 (abbreviation Lγ2,3 for 48Cd and Lγ2,3,4 for 49In) X-ray emission is enhanced in comparison with Lγ1 X-ray emission. The relative intensity ratios of Lγ2 to Lγ1 X-ray are larger than the atomic data and increase with decreasing proton energy. This is caused by the multiple ionization of outer-shell electrons. To verify this explanation, the enhancements for relative intensity ratio of Lι and Lβ2 to Lα X-ray in experiments are discussed, and the direct ionization cross sections of 4d, 5s, and 5p electrons are calculated using BEA theory.

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24

HALDEN, NORMAN M., FRANK C. HAWTHORNE, J. J. GUY DUROCHER, JASPER S. C. McKEE, and ALI MIRZAI. "PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT HIGH-ENERGY PIXE." International Journal of PIXE 01, no. 02 (June 1990): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083590000128.

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K X-ray spectra have been obtained from Platinum-Group Element (PGE) minerals using 40 MeV Proton-Induced X-ray Emission. It is possible to resolve all four component X-ray lines for the PGEs. In cases where there is more than one PGE present, some K X-ray lines may overlap, but in all cases, there were single lines available for quantitative analysis. The spectrum obtained from the sperrylite during exposure to the proton beam beam contained Au X-rays. The presence of the Au can be attributed to (p,xn) reactions with Pt, induced by proton bombardment of the sample. The intensity of Au X-ray lines in the spectrum is proportional to the amount of Pt in the sample and the cross-section for (p,xn) reactions between Pt and Au at 40 MeV.

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25

McKEE, J. S. C. "HIGH ENERGY PROTON PIXE [HEPP]." International Journal of PIXE 03, no. 03 (January 1993): 187–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012908359300015x.

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Studies of particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) have been widespread and detailed in recent years and despite the fact that most data obtained are from low energy 1–3 MeV experiments, the value of higher energy proton work with its emphasis on K X-ray emission has become more marked as time has progressed. The purpose of this review paper is to outline the history of analysis using high energy protons and to compare and contrast the results obtained with those from lower energy analysis using more firmly established analytical techniques. The work described will concentrate exclusively on proton induced processes and will attempt to outline the rationale for selecting an energy, greater than 20 and up to 70 MeV protons for initiating particles. The relative ease and accuracy of the measurements obtained will be addressed. Clearly such X-ray studies should be seen as complementing low energy work in many instances rather than competing directly with them. However, it will be demonstrated that above a Z value of approximately 20, K X-ray analysis using high energy protons is the only way to go in this type of analysis.

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26

WAKASA, S., K. FUKUDA, T. TAKAGI, and N. NAKANISHI. "DESIGN OF AN ULTRA COMPACT CYCLOTRON FOR PARTICLE INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION." International Journal of PIXE 03, no. 04 (January 1993): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083593000306.

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An ultra compact cyclotron was constructed for Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS) experiments. The cyclotron accelerates proton and alpha-particle beams to a constant energy of 3 MeV. The size of the magnet is 85 cm ×85 cm ×60 cm . Characteristics of the cyclotron are presented.

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27

Fawad, U., H. J. Kim, Ibrahim Gul, Matiullah Khan, Sajjad Tahir, Tauseef Jamal, and Wazir Muhammad. "Proton, UV, and X-ray Induced Luminescence in Tb3+ Doped LuGd2Ga2Al3O12 Phosphors." Crystals 10, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090844.

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The well-known solid-state reaction method is used for the synthesis of Tb doped LuGd2Ga2Al3O12 phosphor. XRD and SEM techniques are used for the phase and structural morphology of the synthesized phosphor. UV, X-ray and proton induced spectroscopy is used to study the luminescence properties. LuGd2Ga2Al3O12:Tb3+ phosphor shows its highest peak in green and blue region. The two major emission peaks correspond to 5D3→7FJ (at 480 to 510 nm, blue region) and 5D4→7FJ (at 535 to 565 nm, green region). Green emission is dominant; therefore, it may be used as an efficient green phosphor. The absorption spectra of the synthesized material matches well with the spectra of light emitting diodes (LEDs); therefore, it may have applications in LEDs. X-ray spectroscopic study suggests that this phosphor may have uses in medical applications, such as X-ray imaging. The synthesized phosphor exhibits 81% efficacy in comparison to the commercial plasma display panel material (Gd2O2S:Tb3+). The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity diagram is obtained for this phosphor. The decay time of ms range is measured for the synthesized phosphor.

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28

Davison, W., G. W. Grime, and C. Woof. "Characterization of lacustrine iron sulfide particles with proton-induced X-ray emission." Limnology and Oceanography 37, no. 8 (December 1992): 1770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1992.37.8.1770.

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29

Eisa, M. H., H. Shen, M. A. Alrajhi, and Hajo Idris. "Proton Induced X-ray Emission Study on the Content of Whale Tooth." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics 6, no. 5 (2014): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/4861-06513539.

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30

Wu, Meiyi, Karine Le Guen, Jean-Michel André, Vita Ilakovac, Ian Vickridge, Didier Schmaus, Emrick Briand, et al. "Kossel interferences of proton-induced X-ray emission lines in periodic multilayers." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 386 (November 2016): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2016.09.014.

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31

J Miranda. "How do Uncertainties in Atomic Parameters Influence Theoretical Predictions of X-Ray Production Cross Sections By Proton Impact?" Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2020.72007.

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The emission of characteristic X-rays induced by proton impact is a phenomenon known since the first half of the 20th century. Its more widely known application is the analytical technique Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Several models have been developed to calculate, first, ionization cross sections and then the subsequent X-ray production cross sections. However, to carry out the comparisons of these predictions with experimental data it is necessary to use atomic parameters databases (fluorescence yields, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities, emission rates) that also have experimental uncertainties. In this work it is demonstrated how these values do not allow to decide which model describes more accurately the cross sections, due to a final “theoretical uncertainty” obtained through the propagation of the original uncertainties.

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32

AL-BEDRI, MOHAMED BAKER, IKRAM JAMEEL ABDUL GHANI, and IBRAHIM ABDUL RAHMAN AL-AGHIL. "PROTON INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION ANALYSIS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THICK BREAD SAMPLES." International Journal of PIXE 19, no. 03n04 (January 2009): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083509001825.

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Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique has been used for identification and quantitative analysis of the elemental concentration in thick bread samples. Bread samples were air-oven dried at 60 oC and milled in a clean agate mortar to homogenize the sample and pressed into a pellet. PIXE technique relies on the analysis of the energy spectra of the characteristic X-ray emitted from the thick bread sample and the orchard leaf standard (NIST- SRM -1571) bombarded with 2.0 MeV protons. The concentration of the elements ( Cl , K , Ca , Mn , Fe , Cu , and Zn ) in the bread samples was determined by comparison with NIST orchard leaf standard. The accuracy of the measurements ranged between ± 2% and ± 10% for the most elements detected in this method. The aim of this study is to establish the reference concentration of trace elements in the Iraqi bread using PIXE technique.

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33

Dóka, Ottó, József Kispéter, and András Lörincz. "Potential value of photoacoustic spectroscopy for determining iron content of milk protein concentrates." Journal of Dairy Research 58, no. 4 (November 1991): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900030053.

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SummaryPhotoacoustic and proton-induced X-ray emission measurements were performed on iron-enriched milk protein concentrates. The possibility of measuring Fe content by photoacoustic measurements in the visible region of the spectrum is discussed.

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34

Bello, A. "DETERMINATION OF LEAD FROM GOLD ORE USING PROTON INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION TECHNIQUE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-594.

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The impetus for this research work arose from alleged signs of Lead (Pb) poisoning from Medicines Sans Frontiers (Doctors without Borders).These poisonings were narrowed down to areas of solid minerals mining and extraction in Northern Nigeria. The aim of this research work is to identify mining Sites with ores having high Pb concentration. Fifteen samples were collected from areas located at approximately latitudes 𝟶𝟶70𝟶8.69𝟶ˈE and longitudes 𝟶90 34ˈ224ˈˈN and interrogated using Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique for their elemental content. PIXE was chosen because of its sample nondestructive and it does not contaminate the environment. The result obtained varied between 24.3 – 632303.3 ppm. The world Health Organization recommends that sites with Pb concentration above 400 ppm are inimical to human health and ordered that children be evacuated from such areas. Exposure to Pb poisoning may cause anemia, weakness, and Kidney and brain damage; particularly in children.

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35

Ali, Shad, Johar Zeb, Abdul Ahad, Ishfaq Ahmad, M. Haneef, and Jehan Akbar. "Standardization of proton-induced x-ray emission technique for analysis of thick samples." Chinese Physics B 24, no. 9 (September 2015): 090601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/24/9/090601.

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36

Venkateswarulu, P., K. Srinivasa Rao, P. Mary Anupama, and R. Venkateswara Rao. "DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM IN A FERMENTATION PROCESS BY PROTON-INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION." Instrumentation Science & Technology 42, no. 3 (March 7, 2014): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2013.862630.

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37

Warren, M. W., A. B. Falsetti, I. I. Kravchenko, F. E. Dunnam, H. A. Van Rinsvelt, and W. R. Maples. "Elemental analysis of bone: proton-induced X-ray emission testing in forensic cases." Forensic Science International 125, no. 1 (January 2002): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00614-4.

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38

Corregidor, Victoria, Amilcar L. Antonio, Luís C. Alves, and Sandra Cabo Verde. "Castanea sativa shells and fruits: Compositional analysis by proton induced X-ray emission." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 477 (August 2020): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2019.08.018.

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39

Lal, Madan, R. K. Choudhury, B. K. Nayak, V. S. Bamane, P. N. Trivedi, and S. S. Ranade. "Trace element profiles in oesophageal neoplasms determined by proton-induced X-ray emission." Science of The Total Environment 78 (January 1989): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(89)90030-2.

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40

Shaanan, M., V. Richter, and R. Kalish. "Depth profiling of element concentration using low energy proton induced X-ray emission." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 35, no. 3-4 (December 1988): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(88)90289-3.

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41

Durosinmi, M. A., J. O. Ojo, A. F. Oluwole, A. F. Ononye, O. A. Akanle, and N. M. Spyrou. "Elemental concentrations in Nigerians with affective disorders using proton-induced X-ray emission." Biological Trace Element Research 43-45, no. 1 (December 1994): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02917336.

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42

Albury, D. M., and N. M. Spyrou. "Proton induced X-ray emission in the elemental analysis of breast cyst fluid." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 242, no. 3 (January 1986): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(86)90480-8.

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43

Peltomaa, M., K. Mattila, J. Wolf, and M. Hyvönen-Dabek. "Proton-induced X-ray emission analysis of atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid bifurcation." Biological Trace Element Research 34, no. 3 (September 1992): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02783680.

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44

HATAMI, P., H. PEYROVAN, H. AFARIDEH, and S. SHOJAEI. "DETERMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN HUMAN SALIVA BY PIXE TECHNIQUE." International Journal of PIXE 06, no. 01n02 (January 1996): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083596000284.

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Mineral trace element concentration of human saliva from healthy volunteers, were investigated by Proton-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analysis. The specimens were bombarded with Proton beams of 2 MeV from a Van de Graaff accelerator at NRC . The object of this measurement was to find a normal range of trace element concentration for Iranian people.

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45

Pasquale, S., G. Politi, L. Pronti, M. Romani, G. Viviani, M. Cestelli Guidi, M. Angelucci, and A. M. Gueli. "Analysis of the distribution of titanium oxide nanoparticles on paintings." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2204, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2204/1/012070.

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Abstract This work is addressed to analyse the distribution of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on painting crossing data coming from two methodologies. Scanning Electron Microscope and Proton Induced X-Ray emission techniques have been employed in the study of the interaction between a colloidal dispersion constituted by titanium dioxide nanoparticles and the painting surface. The former e was used to understand and morphology of the painting and to investigate the distribution of the nanoparticles on the entire cross section of the pictorial layers. Proton induced X-ray emission is aimed at examining the surface titanium distribution by mapping. This study is important because the exploitation of the photocatalytic activity of the titanium dioxide is possible only in the case of absorption of proper energy that can promote the oxide reduction reactions and thus the dirt and dust degradation.

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Rees, L. B. "A Monte Carlo approach to X-ray attenuation corrections for proton-induced X-ray emission from particulate samples." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 299, no. 1-3 (December 1990): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)90856-2.

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Rahman, A., M. H. Mohamed, M. Ahmed, and A. M. Aitani. "Characterization of chromia/alumina catalysts by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, proton induced X-ray emission and thermogravimetric analysis." Applied Catalysis A: General 121, no. 2 (January 1995): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-860x(94)00204-5.

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KAUR, RAJBIR, A. KUMAR, B. P. MOHANTY, MUMTAZ OSWAL, NAVNEET KAUR, K. P. SINGH, B. R. BEHERA, et al. "ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER USING PIXE AND PIGE TECHNIQUES." International Journal of PIXE 22, no. 03n04 (January 2012): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083512400359.

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Water is the most important source of minerals for both human beings and animals. But at the same time, water is also a source of disease due to the contamination of various elements. Therefore, knowledge of the elemental content of water is important. In this work, water samples were collected from areas around Chandigarh and Bathinda district, Panjab, India. Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and proton-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) techniques were used for the determination of heavy and light trace elements, respectively, in wide varieties of water samples. A large number of elements, namely F, Na, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Pb , and U were detected in the samples and results are discussed.

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Zeb, Johar, Shad Ali, Muhammad Haneef, Azhar Muhammad Naeem, and Jehan Akbar. "Standardization of proton induced X-ray emission for analysis of trace elements in thick samples." Canadian Journal of Physics 97, no. 8 (August 2019): 875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2018-0522.

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This paper presents the standardization of proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique for the analysis of trace elements in thick, standard samples. Three standard reference materials, titanium, copper, and iron base alloys, were used for the study due to their availability. The proton beam was accelerated up to 2.57 MeV energy by 5UDH-II tandem Pelletron accelerator, and samples were irradiated at different geometries and durations. Spectra were acquired using a multi-channel spectrum analyzer, and spectra analyses were done using GUPIXWIN software for determination of elemental concentrations of trace elements. The obtained experimental data were compared with theoretical data and results were found to be in close agreement.

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Ishii, Keizo, Atsuki Terakawa, Keitaro Hitomi, and Mitsuhiro Nogami. "Development of a 20MeV proton particle-induced X-ray emission analysis method in a helium atmosphere." International Journal of PIXE 29, no. 03n04 (January 2019): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083519500219.

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We developed a 20[Formula: see text]MeV particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis method using a medical cyclotron, which is conventionally used for positron emission tomography analysis performed in vacuo, during which the target sample is damaged. For non-destructive analysis and ease of switching between target samples, we developed a technique allowing 20[Formula: see text]MeV proton PIXE analysis to be performed at the atmospheric pressure. We filled the PIXE analysis chamber with helium and checked that the continuous background of the Compton tails of nuclear reaction [Formula: see text]-rays increased only minimally, and that the quasi-free electron bremsstrahlung (QFEB) did not increase at all, in the X-ray energy spectrum.

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