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Journal articles on the topic 'Proton Glases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Kawaguchi, Keiga, Takuya Yamaguchi, Takahisa Omata, Toshiharu Yamashita, Hiroshi Kawazoe, and Junji Nishii. "Phase separation and crystallization in sodium lanthanum phosphate glasses induced by electrochemical substitution of sodium ions with protons." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 35 (2015): 22855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp04132e.

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Phase separation and crystallization forming H₃PO₄ occurred in sodium lanthanum phosphate glasses after electrochemical substitution of sodium ions with protons, although the glass exhibited significant proton conductivity.

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2

Ishiyama, Tomohiro, Takuya Yamaguchi, Junji Nishii, Toshiharu Yamashita, Hiroshi Kawazoe, and Takahisa Omata. "Origin of the Temperature Dependence of Proton Conductivity in Phosphate Glass Prepared by Alkali-Proton Substitution Technique." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 034517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac5793.

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The temperature dependence of proton conductivity in 36HO1/2−4NbO5/2−2BaO-4LaO3/2−4GeO2−1BO3/2−49PO5/2 glasses prepared through the alkali-proton substitution method was investigated in this study. The activation energy of proton conduction, E a , was found to exhibit an non-Arrhenius type temperature dependence. The origin of the temperature dependence of the proton conductivity caused by thermal expansion of the glass structure was discussed in terms of the effect of changes in the local environment surrounding the protons. These changes were elucidated using Raman spectroscopy, 1H- and 31P-NMR, infrared spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. Because protons form O-H bonds, they are sensitive to changes in the distance between two oxygen atoms, which affects the strength of the hydrogen bond, and concluded that there is a temperature dependence as observed.

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3

Hongisto, Mikko, Sylvain Danto, Marian Ghena, Decebal Iancu, Daniel Ighigeanu, Laura Mihai, Véronique Jubera, and Laeticia Petit. "Response of Various Yb3+-Doped Oxide Glasses to Different Radiation Treatments." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093162.

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The radiation effects of electrons and protons on the spectroscopic and optical properties of oxide glasses doped with Yb3+ in various glass systems were investigated to understand the impact of the glass composition on the glass photo-response. Changes in the optical and emission properties were seen after the radiation treatment, and the magnitude of the changes depended on the irradiation source and dose. For all the investigated materials, the absorption coefficients in the 200–550 nm range increase post-irradiation, revealing the formation of defects in the glasses during the irradiation. While the spectroscopic properties of the tellurite glass remain unchanged, a small reduction in the Yb3+ emission intensity was seen after irradiating the phosphate, borosilicate, and germanate glasses, indicating that a reduction of Yb3+ to Yb2+ might occur in these glasses during the radiation treatment. The changes in the optical and spectroscopic properties after proton irradiation are small as they are localized at the surface of the glasses due to the shallow penetration depth of the proton in the glass. Even though the doses are small, the electron irradiation produces larger changes in the optical and spectroscopic properties since the electrons penetrate the entire volume of the glasses. All the changes in the optical and spectroscopic properties of the glasses were successfully reversed after a short heat treatment revealing the reversible nature of the photo-response of the investigated glasses.

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4

Fanara, Sara, Harald Behrens, and Regina Kappes. "Ionic Conductivity of Hydrous Silicate Glasses." Advances in Science and Technology 46 (October 2006): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.46.89.

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Hydrous silicate glasses with different compositions (LiAlSi4O10, CaMgSi2O6, CaMgSi2O6 - CaAl2Si2O8 and (Ca,Ba,Sr)O – SiO2) containing up to 3 wt% H2O were synthesized in platinum capsules at high temperature and pressures from 100 to 500 MPa in an internally heated gas pressure vessel. The water content of the glasses was analyzed by Karl-Fischer titration. Using infrared microspectroscopy the homogeneity of water distribution in the samples was checked and concentrations of OH- groups and H2O molecules were estimated. Frequency-dependent ionic conductivity of the glasses was investigated using impedance spectroscopy. It is shown that the proton conductivity is usually orders of magnitude lower than the partial conductivity of alkalis in silicate glasses. Proton conductivity in hydrous barium silicate glass was found to be more than one order of magnitude higher than in an aluminosilicate glass, supporting that the concentration of non-bridging oxygen is crucial for proton conduction in glasses.

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5

Omata, Takahisa, Takuya Yamaguchi, Satoshi Tsukuda, Tomohiro Ishiyama, Junji Nishii, Toshiharu Yamashita, and Hiroshi Kawazoe. "Proton transport properties of proton-conducting phosphate glasses at their glass transition temperatures." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 20 (2019): 10744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp01502g.

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Proton mobility at the glass transition temperature of 32 proton-conducting phosphate glasses converges between 2 × 10⁻⁹ and 2 × 10⁻⁷ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹.

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6

Yamaguchi, Takuya, Yasuhisa Saito, Yasutaka Kuwahara, Hiromi Yamashita, Tomohiro Ishiyama, Junji Nishii, Toshiharu Yamashita, Hiroshi Kawazoe, and Takahisa Omata. "Effect of alkaline-earth species in phosphate glasses on the mobility of proton carriers." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 24 (2017): 12385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta01475a.

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7

Karczewski, J., T. Miruszewski, B. Bochentyn, and B. Kusz. "Determination of ionic conductivity in the Bi-Si-O and Pb-Si-O glasses." Materials Science-Poland 35, no. 4 (March 20, 2018): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2017-0102.

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Abstract Impedance spectroscopy measurements in various gas atmospheres were carried out in order to explain the doubts about the type of carriers and the mechanism of electrical conductivity in Bi-Si-O and Pb-Si-O glasses. In bismuth silicate glass, a typical ionic conductivity with oxygen ions as charge carriers was observed. The level of electrical conductivity of the glass at 400 °C was 5 × 10-8 S·cm-1, with the activation energy of 1.3 eV and was independent of measuring atmosphere. In the case of lead silicate glasses, the conductivity changed with measuring atmosphere. Two types of charge carriers: oxygen ions and proton ions were postulated. Proton conductivity measured in wet argon at temperature 400 °C was estimated at the level of 4 × 10-8 S·cm-1 while the oxygen ions conductivity in such conditions was 78 × 10-8 S·cm-1. We suggest that both types of charge carriers are transported along the same conduction paths using oxygen defects in the glass structure.

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8

Хасаншин, Р. Х., and Л. С. Новиков. "Влияние протонного облучения на свойства стекла с покрытием ITO." Журнал технической физики 127, no. 11 (2019): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.11.48521.49-19.

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Changes in the surface morphology and optical properties of K208 glass samples with an ITO film as a result of exposure to 20-keV protons at a dose of 0.2–1.0 mC/cm2 and a proton current density of 9 nA/cm2 were studied. It has been experimentally shown that the presence of an ITO film affects the nature of the change in morphology and is the main cause of the degradation of the optical properties of samples during proton irradiation.

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9

Stepanov, Vladimir A., Pavel V. Demenkov, and Olga V. Nikulina. "Radiation hardening and optical properties of materials based on SiO2." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.69926.

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Preliminary studies have shown that the optical absorption spectra of radiation-colored glasses correspond to the spectral behavior of the scattering losses of an optically inhomogeneous medium. The reasons for the same optical changes in glasses of different compositions are the radiation-induced electric charge separation in the structurally nano-inhomogeneous glass volume, polarization and formation of nanometer optical inhomogeneities. The authors of this work prove that the radiation changes in the mechanical and optical properties of silicate glasses are of the same nature. The performed estimates indicate that the electric charge separation in the glasses occurs up to absorbed doses of about 1 MGy. The local electric charge separation due to the appearance of Coulomb forces leads to radiation hardening of the glasses. The estimated Coulomb hardening of the quartz glasses was ~ 107 Pa. The theoretical results were experimentally confirmed by measuring the mechanical properties of the glasses under high intensity proton irradiation as well as by testing the mechanical strength of a composite material based on quartz glass. Under proton irradiation with a dose rate of 5×103 Gy/s (energy of 8 MeV) up to threshold doses of ~ (1 – 5) ×106 Gy in the KU-1 quartz glasses, the decrement of acoustic vibrations decreased due to Coulomb hardening. After gamma irradiation with 1.34×105 Gy, the tensile strength of the composite material based on quartz glass increased by up to 20 MPa. This value is in the range of estimates of Coulomb hardening of quartz glasses. It is also shown that ionizing radiation does not affect the elastic modulus of materials based on SiO2.

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10

Burkhanov, G. S., S. A. Lachenkov, M. A. Kononov, A. U. Bashlakov, V. M. Kirillova, and V. V. Sdobyrev. "Changes in the electrical conductivity of glass, quartz, Au, C, and MoS2 films under influence of continuous proton injection." Perspektivnye Materialy 10 (2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2021-10-37-46.

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Changes in the electrical conductivity of a wide range of materials with different crystal-chemical types and electrophysical properties (quartz, glass, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, gold) under continuous proton injection are studied. Film samples of layered MoS2 and graphite compounds were obtained on rough surfaces of glass or quartz by mechanical rubbing of powder. Gold films are formed on glass substrates by magnetron sputtering of a gold target. To create a continuous stream of protons injected into the test sample, a stationary ion source with a cold cathode and a magnetic field forming an ion beam of relatively low intensity was used. The current in the ion beam is up to 1.2 mA, the pressure of hydrogen in the chamber is ~10 – 2 Pa, the energy of hydrogen ions is from 1 to 4 keV. The experimental results indicate that under conditions of continuous proton injection, the electrical conductivity of thin films with a layered structure (MoS2 and graphite) increases sharply (by 4 – 5 orders of magnitude). This effect increases when the temperature decreases from ~ 293 to ~ 77 K, as well as when the number of charges supplied to the sample increases. In the case of continuous injection of protons into massive dielectrics (glass, quartz) and thin films of gold, no noticeable change in electrical conductivity was detected.

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11

SIERADZKI, A., A. CIZMAN, R. POPRAWSKI, T. MARCINISZYN, and E. RYSIAKIEWICZ-PASEK. "ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND PHASE TRANSITIONS IN KDP- AND ADP-POROUS GLASS NANOCOMPOSITES." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 01, no. 03 (July 2011): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x11000471.

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The results of dielectric and dilatometric measurements of ADP and KDP-porous glass composites are presented. We stated on dilatometric studies that in ADP-porous glass nanocomposites the phase transition temperature decreases with decreasing of average size of pores. The negative jump of volume at phase transition region in ADP-porous glasses is observed. It was found that for KDP embedded into porous glasses nonmonotonous dependence of phase transition temperature on pores sizes occurs. The conductivity of ADP/KDP composites is significantly higher than in bulk crystals. The obtained values of activation energies are typical for proton movement.

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12

Chen, Jing-Yi, He Pan, Liao-Lin Zhang, Hai-Tao Guo, and Chun-Xiao Liu. "Sm3+-doped bismuthate glasses and proton-implanted near-infrared waveguides." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 04 (February 10, 2019): 1950004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219500048.

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Sm[Formula: see text]-doped bismuthate glass has been synthesized by means of the classic melt-quenching technique. Its optical properties were characterized, which included refractive index, absorption and fluorescence spectra. The measured data suggest that the Sm[Formula: see text]-doped bismuthate glass is suitable for optoelectronic applications. A Sm[Formula: see text]-doped bismuthate glass waveguide operating at 1.539 [Formula: see text]m has been manufactured by using the proton implantation with a 0.4 MeV energy and a 8.0 × 10[Formula: see text] ions⋅cm[Formula: see text] fluence for the first time to our knowledge. The effective refractive indices of the propagation modes for the glass waveguide were obtained by the m-line technique. The energy loss caused by the collision of the irradiated protons and the nuclei of the target Sm[Formula: see text]-doped bismuthate glass was calculated by the SRIM 2013. The refractive index profile and the near-field guided mode distribution for the waveguide structure were fitted through the reflectivity calculation method (RCM) and the FD-BPM method, respectively. The proton-implanted Sm[Formula: see text]-doped bismuthate glass waveguide is an alternative for an integrated device in the telecommunication band.

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13

Le, Xuan Chung, Tuan Anh Le, Viet Cuong Phan, Van Dien Mai, Duc Khue Pham, Thi Hoa Bui, Duy Linh Bui, The Nghia Bui, Ho Phong Vi, and Duc Ton Nguyen. "Building a VME spectrometer and testing Si PIN diode detector: a feasibility study for the first nuclear astrophysical experiments using a pelletron." Nuclear Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v11i1.126.

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This work presents the logical design, connections between NIM and VME electronic modules, and the data acquisition programming to build a complete detector readout system. The test experiments were carried out with commercial silicon PIN diode S3590-09 bare detectors bombarded by charged particles from a 241Am α-source and Rutherford elastic backscattering (RBS) protons induced by 2.5 MeV proton beam bombarding on an Au-on-glass target, and with a NaI scintillation detector bombarded by gammas from 27Al(p, γ)28Si reaction with proton beam energy of 1.379 MeV. The test showed that the spectrometer operated steadily and its versatility for different kind of detector. The energy resolutions of the Si diodes were less than 0.5% energy of a charged particle, which satisfies the foreseen requirement for the upcoming experiments.

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14

Schmidt, V. Hugo. "Proton transfer in proton glasses." Journal of Molecular Structure 177 (July 1988): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(88)80092-9.

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15

Jones, Julian R., T. F. Kemp, and M. E. Smith. "Effect of OH Content on the Bioactivity of Sol-Gel Derived Glass Foam Scaffolds." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 1031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.1031.

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Bioactive glass scaffolds have been developed with interconnected macropore networks, with pore diameters in excess of 500µm and apertures in excess of 100µm, by foaming sol-gel derived bioactive glasses. Bioactive glasses bond to bone by forming a hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) layer on their surface on contact with body fluid, which is similar to the composition of the apatite in bone. The aim of this work was to investigate the how changing the atomic structure of the glass affects HCA layer formation. Scaffolds were synthesised at 3 sintering temperatures and were characterised using 29Si and proton MAS-NMR, from which the silica network connectivity and Si-OH groups were quantified. The rate of HCA layer formation decreased as the number of Si-OH groups decreased, confirming the role of Si-OH groups in HCA layer formation.

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16

Susam, Lidya Amon, Ayberk Yilmaz, Ghada ALMisned, Hatice Yilmaz Alan, Gizem Ozturk, Gokhan Kilic, Bahar Tuysuz, et al. "Tailoring a Behavioral Symmetry on KERMA, Mass Stopping Power and Projected Range Parameters against Heavy-Charged Particles in Zinc-Tellurite Glasses for Nuclear Applications." Symmetry 15, no. 6 (June 3, 2023): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15061201.

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We present the behavioral changes and symmetrical enhancement on KERMA, mass stopping power and projected range parameters against heavy-charged particles through Indium (In) and Tantalum (Ta) incorporations for various zinc-tellurite glass groups such as TZI and ZTT for nuclear applications. SRIM and PAGEX codes are utilized for the determination of investigated attenuation parameters for alpha and proton particles. In KERMA calculations, the ZTT7 sample is reported to have the greatest release of charged particles because of an increase in kinetic energy. The mass stopping power values of all absorbent glass materials are steadily increased from 0 MeV to 0.1 MeV. TZI and ZTT attained their maximum mass stopping power at a kinetic energy value of 0.1 MeV. While comparable behavior patterns are seen for various energy values on the examined energy scale, the ZTT7 sample is observed with lower mass stopping power and projected range values against proton particles than the other samples. It can be concluded that zinc-telluride glasses through maximum Ta-reinforcement may be considered as promising materials for stopping the proton and alpha particles. Moreover, Ta-reinforcement may be considered as a monotonic tool in terms of providing a symmetry for attenuation enhancement against heavy-charged particles.

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17

SHEVCHENKO, V. V., M. YA VORTMAN, V. N. LEMESHKO, L. A. GONCHARENKO, and S. M. KOBYLINSKIY. "GUANIDINIIUM-CONTAINING OLIGOMER CATIONIC PROTONIC IONIC LIQUIDS." Polymer journal 44, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.44.04.297.

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By reacting a dian epoxy oligomer with guanidinium hydrochloride, a synthesis method of guanidinium-containing cationic proton oligomeric ionic liquids (OIL) capable of condensation reactions was developed. These compounds are characterized by an amphiphilic structure combining a flexible oligoether or hydroxyl-containing guanidinium oligoether block with terminal hydroxyl-containing guanidinium fragments. These compounds are capable of supramolecular organization due to the self-association of flexible oligoether blocks with terminal hydroxyl-containing guanidinium fragments from the outside of the formed cluster. They are characterized by two glass transition temperatures, which differ significantly in magnitude. The structure formed by the flexible oligoether component is determined by its segmental mobility with the glass transition temperature in the range (70–85 °C), and the terminal guanidinium fragments are responsible for the manifestation of the cohesive nature of the glass transition of the oligomer as a whole with the glass transition temperature in the range (-70)–(-60 °C), which characteristic of classical ionic liquids. The proton conductivity of the synthesized compounds in anhydrous conditions reaches a value of 1,94·10-3 S/cm at 120 °C and is determined not by the absolute value of the introduced protons, but by their specific number in relation to the MW oligomers. The synthesized OIL are of interest as electrolytes with an anhydrous conduction mechanism and starting reagents for the synthesis of ion-containing block copolymers of various functional purposes.

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18

Dararutana, Pisutti, Krit Won-In, Sawet Intarasiri, Teerasak Kamwanna, Somchai Tancharakorn, Narin Sirikulrat, and Christoph A. Hauzenberger. "X-Ray Spectrometry Study on Historical Decorative Glasses in Thailand: Lanna-Style Glass." Advanced Materials Research 620 (December 2012): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.620.330.

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t was known that historical objects were highly heterogeneous. Due to the complex nature of materials and objects, extremely sensitive, spatially resolved, multi-elemental and versatile analytical instruments were needed. The techniques employed should be as a noninvasive as possible and able to give complementary information from macroscopic to nanometer scales. In this work, X-ray based spectroscopy including energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDS), Proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE), and micro-beam X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (µ-XRF) were used to analyze chemical composition of the Lanna-style glass. Microstructure was also studied. It can be concluded that these techniques in combination are powerful for the investigation of heterogeneous glassy materials.

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19

Uma, Thanganathan, and Masayuki Nogami. "Development of H₂/O₂ Fuel Cell Based on Proton Conducting P₂O₅-SiO₂-PMA Glasses as Electrolyte." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.149.

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Sol-gel derived high proton conducting P2O5-SiO2-PMA (phosphomolybdic acid, H3PMo12O40 nH2O) glasses as electrolyte were used for the H2/O2 fuel cell performance at 30 °C under humidification with H2- based gas at the anode and O2- based gas at the cathode. The performance of the electrode was evaluated by the measurement of cell potential-current density plots. While the polarization curve yields data related to basic cell performance, more detailed information can be found by electrochemical measurements with an impedance analyzer. The power density shows a similar pattern to current density. The maximum power density value of 16.2 mW/cm2 was achieved with 0.1 mg/cm2 of Pt/C loading electrode and P2O5-SiO2-PMA (4-92-4 mol %) at 30°C with 30 % humidity. The glass membrane here plays a key role as electrolyte medium for proton transport and barrier to avoid the direct contact between fuel and oxygen.

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20

Boonruang, C., K. Won-in, K. Thumanu, U. Tippawan, C. Thongluaem, and P. Dararutana. "Synchrotron radiation study on Thai reddish glass." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2380, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2380/1/012116.

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Abstract It is well-known that red glass has been used as a decorative glass in Thailand for hundred years. Pieces of reddish decorative glasses (Ancient Burmese Glass: ABG, Ancient Thai Glass: ATG, and Modern Imported Glass: MIG) have been collected from different areas in Thailand. The elemental composition and morphology of these samples have been examined using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE). The binding components have been analyzed using infrared spectroscopy based on synchrotron radiation (SR IR). PIXE results indicate a presence of trace elements which is beyond the limit of detection of EDS. It has been found that ABG and MIG are soda-silicate glass, while ATG is lead-based glass. The red coloration in ABG, ATG, and MIG is affected by the contents of Cu, Cd, and Se. It is also found that ABG and MIG have been produced using crucible vessel and glass-making furnace, respectively, while ATG has been produced using either crucible vessel or glass-making furnace. With the high brightness of the synchrotron source, SR IR can analyze the sample with a high spatial resolution of 20 × 20 µm2. SR IR results confirm the presence of inorganic and organic functional groups in glass samples which exhibit distinctive peaks for different types of glass.

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21

Pirc, R., B. Tadić, and R. Blinc. "Proton and deutron glasses." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 185, no. 1-4 (June 1992): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(92)90471-2.

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22

Tadić, B., R. Pirc, and R. Blinc. "Dynamics of proton glasses." Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter 75, no. 2 (June 1989): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01308007.

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23

Paz, Y., and A. Heller. "Photo-oxidatively self-cleaning transparent titanium dioxide films on soda lime glass: The deleterious effect of sodium contamination and its prevention." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 10 (October 1997): 2759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0367.

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In the context of photocatalytically self-cleaning windows and windshields, clear, abrasion resistant, thin (60 ± 10 nm) photocatalytic films of TiO2 were formed by a sol-gel process on (a) soda lime glass, (b) the proton-exchanged surface of soda lime glass, and (c) fused silica. The hypothesis that diffusion of sodium oxide from the soda lime glass into the titanium dioxide layer during the calcination step causes the lower photoefficiency in films on glass was tested and proven. At high concentration sodium prevented formation of the photoactive anatase phase and, at low concentration, introduced surface and bulk recombination centers. Sodium transport was efficiently blocked by a thin layer at the interface of proton-exchanged (“hydrogen”) glass and nascent TiO2, formed at 400 °C of a poly(titanyl acetylacetonate) TiO2 precursor. The sodium transport blocking layer did not form and the highly photocatalytic film was not obtained when the TiO2-precursor film was applied to glass that was not proton exchanged. Furthermore, only a much less effective sodium transport blocking layer was formed on glass that was proton-exchanged, but was calcined at 400 °C prior to application of the TiO2 precursor layer, showing that the sodium depleted glass surface, by itself, was a less effective barrier against sodium transport than the interfacial product of hydrogen glass and the TiO2 precursor.

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24

Omata, Takahisa, Issei Suzuki, Aman Sharma, Tomohiro Ishiyama, Junji Nishii, Toshiharu Yamashita, and Hiroshi Kawazoe. "Understanding the effect of oxide components on proton mobility in phosphate glasses using a statical analysis approach." RSC Advances 11, no. 5 (2021): 3012–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10327f.

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25

Uma, Thanganathan, and Masayuki Nogami. "Proton-Conducting Glass Electrolyte." Analytical Chemistry 80, no. 2 (January 2008): 506–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac0706630.

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26

Ishiyama, T., J. Nishii, T. Yamashita, H. Kawazoe, and T. Omata. "Electrochemical substitution of sodium ions with protons in phosphate glass to fabricate pure proton conducting glass at intermediate temperatures." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2, no. 11 (2014): 3940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ta14561a.

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27

Pirc, R., B. Tadić, and R. Blinc. "Tunneling model of proton glasses." Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter 61, no. 1 (March 1985): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01308944.

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28

ALMisned, Ghada, Huseyin O. Tekin, Esra Kavaz, Ghaida Bilal, Shams A. M. Issa, Hesham M. H. Zakaly, and Antoaneta Ene. "Gamma, Fast Neutron, Proton, and Alpha Shielding Properties of Borate Glasses: A Closer Look on Lead (II) Oxide and Bismuth (III) Oxide Reinforcement." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 25, 2021): 6837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156837.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the shielding characteristics of high-amount heavy metal oxide and Eu3+-activated borate glasses based on 10La2O3–50HMO–(40–x) B2O3–xEu2O3 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and HMO = PbO, Bi2O3). Critical gamma radiation attenuation characteristics, particularly mass attenuation coefficients of investigated heavy metal oxide glass samples, were determined using Monte Carlo simulations and the Phy-x/PSD software. Following that, we looked at the half-value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, and build-up factors across a broad energy range (0.015–15 MeV). According to the study’s results, the addition of Eu2O3 enhanced the mass attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number, while reducing the half-value layer, mean free path, and accumulation factors. In terms of gamma radiation attenuation, the LBi50BEu glass system surpassed the LPb50BEu glass system in terms of overall shielding properties against nuclear radiation. Additionally, the heavy metal oxide glass’ efficacy as a neutron shield was determined using fast neutron removal cross-sections (ΣR). LBi50BEu2 glass was shown to be more effective in preventing the penetration of charged particle radiation.

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29

Lentz, Jesse, and Stephen H. Garofalini. "Role of the hydrogen bond lifetimes and rotations at the water/amorphous silica interface on proton transport." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 23 (2019): 12265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp01994d.

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Glass surface/water heterogeneity and proton transfer: H₃O⁺(1) forms, transfers excess proton to other H₂O; O(2) takes excess proton from a different H₃O⁺; O(3) forms asymmetric H-bonds to (4), (5), (6) via rotations.

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30

Barthel, A., L. Sayre, G. Kusch, R. A. Oliver, and L. C. Hirst. "Radiation effects in ultra-thin GaAs solar cells." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 18 (November 14, 2022): 184501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0103381.

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Ultra-thin solar cells are of significant interest for use in space due to their intrinsic radiation tolerance, which may allow them to be used in particularly harsh radiation environments, where thicker cells would degrade rapidly and enable reduction in cover glass thickness to reduce launch mass. In this study, devices with an 80 nm GaAs absorber layer were irradiated with 3 MeV protons. It is shown that integrated light management in these ultra-thin devices offers enhanced efficiency, in addition to extended lifetime through radiation resilience. Time-resolved cathodoluminescence is employed to map the introduction of radiation-induced defects with increasing proton fluence and characterize a decrease in carrier lifetime from 198 [Formula: see text] 5 ps pre-radiation to [Formula: see text] ps, after irradiation to [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] fluence. Despite the substantial reduction in carrier lifetime, short-circuit current does not degrade up to a proton fluence of 1 [Formula: see text] 10[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text], beyond which a collapse in short-circuit current is observed. This exposure correlates with the point at which the carrier lifetime, extrapolated from cathodoluminescence, becomes comparable to the transit time for carriers to cross the ultra-thin device. Variation in current–voltage behavior with carrier lifetime and fluence shows that the recombination statistics are similar to those of a Shockley–Read–Hall single deep-level trap model, but that bimolecular recombination does not fully describe the observed behavior. An implication of these highly radiation tolerant cells for space power systems is shown to offer significant savings in cover glass mass, compared with a thicker cell.

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31

Schmidt, V. H., Z. Trybula, N. J. Pinto, and S. M. Shapiro. "Phase coexistence in proton glass." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 52, a1 (August 8, 1996): C441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876739608186x.

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32

Schmidt, V. H., Z. Trybula, Nj Pinto, and S. M. Shapiro. "Phase coexistence in proton glass." Phase Transitions 67, no. 3 (December 1998): 499–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411599808227666.

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33

Nogami, M., Y. Usui, and T. Kasuga. "Proton Conducting Organic-Glass Composites." Fuel Cells 1, no. 3-4 (December 2001): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1615-6854(200112)1:3/4<181::aid-fuce181>3.0.co;2-u.

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34

Okura, Toshinori, Naoki Matsuoka, Yoshiko Takahashi, Naoya Yoshida, and Kimihiro Yamashita. "Chemically Driven Ion Exchanging Synthesis of Na5YSi4O12-Based Glass-Ceramic Proton Conductors." Materials 16, no. 6 (March 7, 2023): 2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062155.

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We have developed 12-membered silica-tetrahedra-ringed Na5YSi4O12-type sodium ion conducting glass-ceramics on the basis of the composition Na3+3x-yR1-xPySi3-yO9 (R: rare earth elements; denoted as Narpsio); especially, the material of Na4Y0.6P0.2Si2.8O9 with the combined parameters of (x, y) = (0.4, 0.2) gives rise to the maximum conductivity of 1 × 10−1 Scm−1 at 300 °C. Because glass-ceramics generally have the advantage of structural rigidity and chemical durability over sintered polycrystalline ceramics, the present study employed glass-ceramic Narpsio to perform chemically driven ion exchange of Na+ with protonated water molecules with an aim to produce a proton conductor. The ion exchange was carried out in a hydrochloric acid solution by changing immersion time, temperature, and acid concentration. The ion exchanged Na4Y0.6P0.2Si2.8O9-based glass-ceramics were analyzed by the complex impedance method, and the proton conductivity was found to exhibit 3 × 10−4 Scm−1 at 300 °C with the activation energy of 59 kJ/mol. The dependence of humidity-sensitive conductivity of the ion exchanged bulk glass-ceramics was also examined; the conductivity increased almost linearly from 0.6 × 10−4 Scm−1 in dry air to 1.5 × 10−4 Scm−1 in 75% humid ambience at 300 °C. Thus, the ion exchanged glass-ceramics can be considered to be high temperature proton conductors as well as humidity sensors.

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35

Tekin, Huseyin Ozan, Ghada ALMisned, Hesham M. H. Zakaly, Abdallah Zamil, Dalia Khoucheich, Ghaida Bilal, Lubna Al-Sammarraie, Shams A. M. Issa, Mohammed Sultan Al-Buriahi, and Antoaneta Ene. "Gamma, neutron, and heavy charged ion shielding properties of Er³⁺-doped and Sm³⁺-doped zinc borate glasses." Open Chemistry 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0128.

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Abstract This study aimed to investigate the nuclear radiation shielding properties of erbium (Er)-reinforced and samarium (Sm)-reinforced borate glasses. In the 0.015–15 MeV photon energy range, attenuation coefficients, as well as half-value layer tenth-value layers, and the mean-free path have been calculated. Additionally, effective, and equivalent atomic numbers, effective atomic weight, electron density, and exposure and energy absorption build-up factors were also calculated. To evaluate the overall nuclear radiation attenuation competencies of Er-rich and Sm-rich glasses, effective removal cross-section values for fast neutrons and projected range/mass stopping power values for alpha and proton particles were also determined. The glass sample BZBEr2.0 had the highest linear and mass attenuation coefficients (µ and µ m), effective conductivity (C eff), the effective number of electrons (N eff), and effective atomic number (Z eff) values as well as the lowest half-value layer (T 1/2), tenth value layers (T 1/10), mean free path (λ), exposure build-up factor, and energy absorption build-up factor values. µ m values were reported as 2.337, 2.556, 2.770, 2.976, 2.108, 2.266, 2.421, 2.569, and 2.714 for BZBEr0.5, BZBEr1.0, BZBEr1.5, BZBEr2.0, BZBSm0.0, BZBSm0.5, BZBSm1.0, BZBSm1.5, and BZBSm2.0 glass samples at 0.06 MeV, respectively. The results showed that Er has a greater effect than Sm regarding the gamma-ray shielding properties of borate glasses. The results of this investigation could be used in further investigations and added to older investigations with the same aim, to aid the scientific community in determining the most appropriate rare-earth additive, to provide adequate shielding properties based on the requirement.

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36

Zhang, Lei, Jiale Mao, Shuang Wang, and Yiting Zheng. "Synthesis and thermal properties of phenol- and amine-capped main-chain benzoxazine oligomers with multiple methyl substitutions." High Performance Polymers 32, no. 7 (February 11, 2020): 823–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008320905362.

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A series of main-chain benzoxazine oligomers with different methyl substitutions are successfully synthesized. Chemical structures are analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Effects of methyl substitutions on chemical shifts of protons in oxazine ring and thermal properties, including glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and char yield, are discussed. The influences of methyl substitutions on different positions are demonstrated: (i) substitution on phenols induces obvious increase in curing temperature while substitution on amine does not show apparent impact; (ii) substitution at different positions results in T g variation, following the sequence of none-substitution > substitution at end-capping > substitution on diamines in main-chain > substitution on bisphenols in main-chain; and (iii) substitution at end-capping would cause apparent deterioration in thermal stability while substitution on diamines in main-chain would benefit thermal stability and char yield. Experimental results and related explanations are provided in detail.

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37

Foucaud, Mallaurie, Sanja Renka, Teodoro Klaser, Jasminka Popović, Željko Skoko, Petr Mošner, Ladislav Koudelka, and Ana Šantić. "Sodium-Ion Conductivity and Humidity-Sensing Properties of Na2O-MoO3-P2O5 Glass-Ceramics." Nanomaterials 12, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12020240.

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A series of glass-ceramics were prepared by heat-treatments of 40Na2O-30MoO3-30P2O5 (in mol%) glass in a temperature range from 380 (Tg) to 490 °C (Tc) and for 1–24 h. The prepared glass-ceramics contain from 2 to 25 wt.% of crystalline NaMoO2PO4. The sodium-ion conductivity in these materials decreases up to one order of magnitude with an increase in the degree of crystallization due to the immobilization of sodium ions in crystalline NaMoO2PO4. The transport of sodium ions in these materials occurs primarily through the dominant continuous glassy phase, and it is weakly affected by the sporadically distributed crystalline grains. However, the prepared glass-ceramics exhibit high proton conductivity in a humid atmosphere and remarkable humidity-sensing properties; this could be related to crystalline NaMoO2PO4, which provides sites for water adsorption. The glass-ceramic prepared at 450 °C for 24 h shows the best humidity-sensing performance among all samples, showing an increase in proton conductivity for more than seven orders of magnitude with the increase in relative humidity from 0% to 95%. Under a highly humid atmosphere (95% relative humidity and 25 °C), the proton conductivity of this glass-ceramic reaches 5.2 × 10−3 (Ω cm)−1. Moreover, the electrical response of these materials on the change in the relative humidity is linear and reversible in the entire range of the relative humidity, which indicates that they are novel promising candidates for application as humidity sensors.

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38

BUSIELLO, G., and R. V. SABUROVA. "LOW TEMPERATURE LINEAR DYNAMICAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ISING SPIN GLASS IN A TRANSVERSE FIELD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 18 (July 20, 2000): 1843–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200002168.

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Low-temperature equilibrium dynamical behavior of the linear ac susceptibility in d-dimensional Ising spin glass with short-range interactions between spins in transverse field is investigated in terms of droplet model. The real part of linear ac susceptibility [Formula: see text] as functions of temperature T and frequency of external ac field ω is calculated. Frequency and temperature dependence of [Formula: see text] shows a glassy behavior. For instance, we find a broad maximum for [Formula: see text] which shifts towards higher temperatures with increasing frequency of ac-field. The temperature of maximum Tf(ω) depends on frequency and increases with frequency up to the magnitude where [Formula: see text] starts to decrease. A qualitative agreement of our calculations with experimental data, for example, in quantum dipole magnet LiHoxY1-xF4 and proton glasses, is found.

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39

Raskovalov, A. A., S. A. Belyakov, and N. S. Saetova. "Proton transfer in V2O5–P2O5 glasses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1967, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1967/1/012013.

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40

KOIDE, Manabu, Masanao KATO, Tomohiro SATO, and Shio KUDO. "Proton Conducting Glasses from Zeolite Materials." Electrochemistry 83, no. 6 (2015): 459–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.83.459.

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41

Takahashi, Haruyuki, Akihiko Shimizu, and Takashi Sakuma. "Proton Conduction Mechanism of Phosphate Glasses." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 79, Suppl.A (January 2010): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsjs.79sa.115.

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42

Ray, Hannah L., Lutgard De Jonghe, and Ruigang Wang. "Rare Earth Phosphate Glass and Glass-Ceramic Proton Conductors." ECS Transactions 16, no. 51 (December 18, 2019): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3242252.

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43

Ma, Nattapol, Soracha Kosasang, Atsushi Yoshida, and Satoshi Horike. "Proton-conductive coordination polymer glass for solid-state anhydrous proton batteries." Chemical Science 12, no. 16 (2021): 5818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc00392e.

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Melt-quenched coordination polymer glass shows exclusive H⁺ conductivity (8.0 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 120 °C, anhydrous) and optimal mechanical properties (42.8 Pa s at 120 °C), enables the operation of an all-solid-state proton battery from RT to 110 °C.

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44

Di Bella, Marcella, Carlotta Giacobbe, Simona Quartieri, Giuseppe Sabatino, and Umberto Spigo. "Archaeometric characterization of Proto-Byzantine glass workshop from the Roman amphitheatre of Catania (Sicily, Italy)." European Journal of Mineralogy 27, no. 3 (June 17, 2015): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2449.

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45

Yamaguchi, Takuya, Tomohiro Ishiyama, Kanji Sakuragi, Junji Nishii, Toshiharu Yamashita, Hiroshi Kawazoe, and Takahisa Omata. "Improving thermal stability and its effects on proton mobility in proton-conducting phosphate glasses prepared by the electrochemical substitution of sodium ions with protons." Solid State Ionics 275 (July 2015): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2015.03.003.

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46

Schmidt, V. Hugo. "Dielectric relaxation mechanism for proton glass." Ferroelectrics 78, no. 1 (February 1988): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198808215907.

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47

Banerjee, Varsha, and Sushanta Dattagupta. "Dielectric relaxation in a proton glass." Phase Transitions 62, no. 4 (October 1997): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411599708220640.

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48

Mangstl, Martin, Jan Konrad Wied, Johannes Weber, Christian Pritzel, Reinhard Trettin, and Jörn Schmedt auf der Günne. "Synthesis and characterization of methylammonium phosphates as crystalline approximants for anhydrous, low melting phosphate glasses." RSC Advances 9, no. 4 (2019): 1822–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07736c.

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49

Ravangvong, Sunantasak, Punsak Glumglomchit, Kunlanun Pranudomrat, Latthaphon Muangsri, Paramee Lertlimpiyarat, Amonwan Supakom, Kittisak Sriwongsa, Sakchai Glumglomjit, and Wanna Wattana. "behaviour of tungsten oxide on phosphor-tellurite glasses for photon proton and alpha particles shielding." Journal of Materials Science and Applied Energy 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 245267. http://dx.doi.org/10.55674/jmsae.v12i1.245267.

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This research, photons shielding properties such as mass attenuation coefficients (mm), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Nel) and kinetic energy per unit mass (kerma) relative to air for WO3 based on TeO2–P2O5–WO3 glass system have been simulated by WinXCom software program at energies of 10–3–105 MeV. Also, buildup factors (BFs) have been estimated at widely energy ranging 15 keV – 15 MeV for penetration depths (PD) until 40 mean free path (mfp). The results of glass system in formula (70–x) TeO2–30P2O5–xWO3 at x = 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mol% exhibited that the partial replacement of TeO2 by WO3 was adjusted photons attenuation behaviors for get better. In addition, mass sopping power (MSP) and projected range (PR) were evaluated using SRIM software program for proton (H+1) and alpha particles (He+2) at kinetic energy ranging 10 keV – 10 MeV. The results may be inferred that glass sample with high WO3 content was superb for photons, proton and alpha particles attenuation. The results of this research may be useful in enhancing optimization and potential to use as a transparent material to against photon, proton and alpha particles.

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50

JALILIAN-MARIAN, JAMAL. "PROTON NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AND THE COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE." Modern Physics Letters A 19, no. 17 (June 7, 2004): 1251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732304013830.

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We review the high parton density limit of QCD and show how the Color Glass Condensate arises at small xbj. We discuss the applications of the Color Glass Condensate formalism to proton (deuteron) nucleus collisions at high energy colliders, such as RHIC and LHC.

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