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Journal articles on the topic 'Protohistory'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 June 2024

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1

Török, Béla. "The Story of the International Scientific Commission of the UISPP for Archaeometry of Pre- and Protohistoric Inorganic Artifacts, Materials and Technologies." Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica Natural Sciences in Archaeology XIII, no. 2 (November 2, 2022): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.2.7.

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The International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences (UISPP), an organisation with over 90 years of history, includes all the fields and disciplines that contribute to the development of prehistory and protohistory. To achieve their goals, the UISPP organises periodically a world congress on prehistoric and protohistoric sciences. Based on proposals received, the general assembly decides on the creation of scientific commissions, following the advice of the executive committee of the UISPP. The main objective of these commissions is to promote and coordinate international research in a specific or specialised domain of the prehistoric and protohistoric sciences between each world congress. Based on the success and interest shown in a session of the 17th UISPP Congress, the need has arisen to create a new scientific commission in the field of archaeometry. This brief text describes the creation of this commission and its scientific activities to date. The commission aims at discussing and transmitting the archaeometric approaches to technologies in Prehistory and Protohistory concerning lithic technology, metallurgy, ceramics and glass making; gathering and organising the results, conclusions and circumstances of archaeometric case studies of artifacts; paying particular attention to production, procurement and characterisation of raw materials, and fabrication technologies; and discussing relevant interdisciplinary investigation methods and techniques.

2

González Santana, Mónica. "LA REPRESENTACIÓN DEL PODER EN LAS COMUNIDADES PROTOHISTÓRICAS DEL NOROESTE PENINSULAR. EXCELENCIA MASCULINA Y COTIDIANIDAD FEMENINA." RAUDEM. Revista de Estudios de las Mujeres 1 (May 22, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/raudem.v1i0.565.

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Resumen: Dentro de las estrategias de acceso al poder de las élites masculinas, la articulación y dominio de los espacios de representación servirían de garantía tanto a la legitimación como a la consolidación de las desigualdades sociales. Una garantía que se apoyaba en el control de las armas, los rituales y la autoridad. En ese sentido, el estudio, como parte del lenguaje simbólico del poder, de los espacios y materiales rescatados nos ayuda a entender cómo se construyeron las diferencias de género y con ellas las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres.Palabras clave: protohistoria, arqueología, espacios, género, poder, patriarcado, excelencia y cotidianidad.English Title: The Representation of Power in the Northwest Peninsular Protohistoric Communities. Masculine Excellence and Feminine CotidianityAbstract: In the power strategies of masculine elites, the articulation and domination of representational spaces would serve to guarantee their legitimacy, but they would also consolidate social inequalities. Masculine power, shored up by development of defensive weaponry, was organised through control of weapons, rules and rituals. This study of spaces and materials will assist in understanding how such societies, through this symbolic language of power, constructed gender differences and thereby created inequalities between men and women.Key words: protohistory, archaeology, spaces, gender, poser, patriarchy, excellence andcotidianity.

3

McLeester, Madeleine. "Storage, seasonality, and women’s labor in northern Illinois: Using archaeological pollen analysis to investigate protohistory." North American Archaeologist 39, no. 4 (October 2018): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197693118806068.

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This article introduces new data to explorations of protohistoric lifeways and expands understandings of storage, seasonal practices, and women’s labor. Pollen analysis was conducted on sediment samples from the 1979 excavation of the late precontact Oak Forest site (11CK53) in Cook County, IL, near Chicago. The data demonstrate the springtime collection of firewood and the use of grass to line storage features. These data also capture protohistoric women’s labor, since, according to historical records, women prepared storage pits and collected firewood. Tacking between protohistory and history, findings demonstrate probable continuity in seasonal practices that requires a rethinking and refining of how we categorize change during the transition to the colonial era. Overall, this work reintroduces the effectiveness of pollen analysis to address long-standing questions in Midwestern archaeology.

4

Perkins, Stephen M., and Timothy G. Baugh. "Protohistory and the Wichita." Plains Anthropologist 53, no. 208 (November 2008): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pan.2008.028.

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5

Bhan, Suraj. "North Indian Protohistory and Vedic Aryans." Ancient Asia 1 (December 1, 2006): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/aa.06115.

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6

Guidi, Alessandro. "150 Years of Prehistory and Protohistory in Italy." Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 22, no. 1 (July 26, 2012): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bha.22117.

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7

McCall, Daniel F. "Herodotus on the Garamantes: A Problem in Protohistory." History in Africa 26 (January 1999): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172141.

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The Garamantes first come to our notice with Herodotus' Survey of Libya. Hekataeus of Miletus traveled along the Libyan coast over half a century before Herodotus, but his work is preserved only in fragments. Hekataeus may have mentioned the Garamantes, but if so, that part of his work has not survived. The Histories of Herodotus (iv.174) lists the “Garamantes” among the peoples of eastern Libya, giving to each a brief description; and iv.183 refers to them in another list, this one a sequence of stopping places on a desert trail which includes “the country of the Garamantes.”The earlier paragraph had fewer than half a dozen lines and the later one fewer than two dozen; not very much in total, but as Vansina has recently affirmed, the medievalist's axiom also applies to Africa: “the fewer the sources… the more they are treasured and scrutinized.”The intent of this paper is to attempt to determine how the two references, four paragraphs apart, are related to each other; and thereby to prepare the way to extract as much as we can learn from these two references about the Garamantes in the time of Herodotus, the fifth century BC.

8

Streit, Katharina, and Yosef Garfinkel. "Tel Tsaf and the Impact of the Ubaid Culture on the Southern Levant: Interpreting the Radiocarbon Evidence." Radiocarbon 57, no. 5 (2015): 865–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_rc.57.18200.

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A data set of 18 radiocarbon dates from the domestic quarter and the well at Tel Tsaf provide conclusive evidence for the absolute dating of this Middle Chalcolithic site. Bayesian modeling suggests that the site was occupied in the last quarter of the 6th millennium BC and abandoned in the first quarter of the 5th millennium. The absolute dating of Tel Tsaf has further implications for the synchronization of the protohistory of the Levant. The ceramic assemblage of Tel Tsaf included delicately painted ceramic sherds (so-called Tel Tsaf ware), which are distinct from the common plain ware. Comparable motifs have been identified in ceramic assemblages of contemporary Ubaid sites such as Tell Mashnaqa, Tell Zeidan, Tell el-Abr, and Hammam et-Turkan IV in northern Mesopotamia. Tel Tsaf is a rare example of a little researched connection between the Ubaid culture and the Middle Chalcolithic of the southern Levant. The findings of Tel Tsaf expand the southwestern border of the Ubaid sphere of influence and shed new light on long-distance interaction in protohistory.

9

Migliavacca, Mara. "Salt and pastoralism in the Protohistory of the Veneto." Quaternary Science Reviews 334 (June 2024): 108694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108694.

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10

González-Zambrano, Pablo. "Decolonizando Tarteso en el estudio de la Protohistoria mediterránea." Anduli, no. 20 (2021): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/anduli.2021.i20.09.

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Tartessus has been one of the most controversial subjects in Spanish historiography for the last five centuries, although its mentions date back to the 7th century BC. In this work we analyze how the concept of Tartessus has been extrapolated to each context of historiographic production, and the different uses that have been made of it. To do this, we examine works that deal with the theme and context of Tartessus and analyze the discourse to understand how the historical narrative of the present has been colonizing the past of the southern peninsula. Such analysis has led us to discern that Tartessus, with its colonial connotations, has functioned as a hinge between the north and the south of the peninsula and as the scene of the struggle between east and west within the Mediterranean framework. Hence, Andalusian protohistory has served as a legitimizing basis for claims of the north over the south.

11

Surikov, Igor. "B. Bohen. Kratos & Krater: Reconstructing an Athenian Protohistory. Oxford, 2017." Vestnik drevnei istorii 79, no. 2 (2019): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032103910005045-2.

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12

Woudhuizen, Fred C. "Towards a reconstruction of Tin-trade routes in mediterranean protohistory." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 92, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 342–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2017-0023.

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Zusammenfassung: In dieser Arbeit wird ein für die Bronzezeit des Mittelmeerraums grundlegendes Thema angesprochen: Woher stammt das Zinn zur Herstellung von Bronzeobjekten? Tatsächlich lassen sich nur zwei Möglichkeiten erkennen: der Mittlere Osten (Afghanistan und die Region Oxus an seiner nordöstlichen Grenze) oder der Westen (Erzgebirge, Bretagne, Cornwall oder Gallizien).

13

Henry, Yves, Mariette Bedhomme, and Guillaume Blanc. "History, protohistory and prehistory of the Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome complement." Trends in Plant Science 11, no. 6 (June 2006): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2006.04.002.

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14

van Velzen, Bas. "Entering the OBAzoic Era: A Protohistory of an Optical Brightener." Journal of Paper Conservation 16, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2015.1123469.

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15

Belyakov, Andrey Vasilyevich. "A New Document about the Protohistory of the City of Samara." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 14, no. 1 (2014): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2014-14-1-82-85.

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16

Landry, Christophe, Jean-Michel Treffort, Laurie Tremblay-Cormier, Jean-Luc Gisclon, Philippe Henon, Eymeric Morin, Dominique Lalai, et al. "Entre Alpes et Léman, Thonon aux âges des métaux." Collection EDYTEM. Cahiers de géographie 20, no. 1 (2018): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/edyte.2018.1431.

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The coastline of Thonon-les-Bains and its hinterland provide a favourable framework to the spatial and diachronic analysis of land use during Protohistory. This synthesis is based on the study of old finds and the results of recent rescue operations, in an area between the Dranse and Redon rivers. About 15 sites form a relatively well-documented micro-region, extending from the piledwellings village of Rives 2 to the settlements and cemeteries stepped on glacial terraces, on the marshlands filling the sinkholes of “ Aviet” in Allinges, and of “ Versoie” next to the Genevray.

17

Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia de, and Jesús Alberto Arenas Esteban. "Celtic Dialects and Cultural Contacts in Protohistory: the Italian and Iberian Peninsulae." Etudes Celtiques 37, no. 1 (2011): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecelt.2011.2328.

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18

Jiang, Haoyan. "The Study on the Manchus Mixed Economy towards the End of the Ming Dynasty and How This Mixed Economy Contributed to the Manchus Successful Conquest of China." Communications in Humanities Research 4, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/4/20220349.

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The conquest of China was not merely a historical coincidence but an incident resulting from all possible aspects and factors historians can or cannot think of. Through analysing the role played by the early Manchus' mixed economy, this paper has drawn some links between the Manchu protohistory and their rise to power. This insight emphasized the significance of viewing the Manchu conquest by considering the dynamic interplay between local and world history. However, it is still necessary and relevant to study the local history carefully and in isolation so that these intricate links and valuable details can be gleaned to fit into a larger picture of the all-encompassing global history.

19

Belcher, William. "Indian Archaeology in Retrospect, Volume II: Protohistory--Archaeology of the Harappan Civilization (review)." Asian Perspectives 42, no. 2 (2003): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asi.2003.0034.

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20

Hedeager, Lotte. "Pioniers of protohistory - N. Roymans and F. Theuws (eds): Images of the Past. Studies on Ancient Societies in Northwestem Europe, Amsterdam1991 (Studies in Pre- and Protohistory 7), 407 pp., Dfl. 150,-." Archaeological Dialogues 1, no. 1 (January 1994): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138020380000012x.

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21

Suroto, Hari. "KEHIDUPAN MASA PROTOSEJARAH DI SITUS MOSANDUREI, NABIRE (Protohistory Life in the Mosandurei Site, Nabire)." Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua dan Papua Barat 7, no. 1 (June 3, 2017): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/papua.v7i1.34.

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The survey results Mosandurei ground level at the site shows potential archaeological remains are diverse, but it can not be interpreted broadly associated with human use of the site by supporters. So we need systematic research with excavation. This paper aims to determine the pattern of human use of the site by supporters; knowing the character of human culture supporter Mosandurei site and to know the culture process Mosandurei sites. This paper aims to determine human life ever Mosandurei activity on the site in the past. Data collection is done in several ways, namely literature, surveying the ground, excavation. Data analysis was performed with artefaktual analysis, contextual analysis, and stratigraphic analysis. The survey and excavation at ground level Mosandurei site managed to find shells of mollusks, bone fragments, teeth, fragments of pottery, fragments of Chinese ceramics, European ceramics fragments, fragments of European bottles, beads, and stone tools. Based on the analysis of the data it is concluded that the site Mosandurei a prehistoric dwelling sites that continued until past history.AbstrakHasil survei permukaan tanah di situs Mosandurei menunjukkan potensi tinggalan arkeologi yang beragam, namun hal ini belum dapat menginterpretasikan secara luas terkait dengan pemanfaatan situs oleh manusia pendukungnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian yang sistematis dengan ekskavasi perlu dilakukan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kehidupan manusia yang pernah beraktivitas di situs Mosandurei pada masa lampau. Kajian tulisan ini dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data dan analisis data. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, yaitu studi pustaka, survei permukaan tanah, ekskavasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis artefaktual, analisis kontekstual, dan analisis stratigrafis. Hasil survei permukaan tanah dan ekskavasi di situs Mosandurei berhasil menemukan cangkang moluska, fragmen tulang, gigi, fragmen gerabah, fragmen keramik Cina, fragmen keramik Eropa, fragmen botol Eropa, manik-manik, dan alat batu. Berdasarkan analisis data maka diinterpretasikan bahwa situs Mosandurei merupakan situs hunian prasejarah yang berlanjut hingga masa sejarah.

22

Almeida, Sara, Ricardo Costeira da Silva, and António João Nunes Monteiro. "O Crasto de Soure no Estuário do Mondego no Final do I Milénio a.C.: as evidências materiais." Portugalia: Revista de Arqueologia do Departamento de Ciências e Técnicas do Património da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto 43 (2022): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/09714290/port43a2.

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The Crasto de Soure pairs up among the archaeological sites linked to protohistory and Romanisation of the Mondego lower basin. However, despite the interventions made and the supposed relevance of the archaeological settlement, only the preliminary news of the first archaeological excavations carried out in 1987 and 1990 are known. These were the most extensive works carried out at the site and provided a significant set of artefacts that have remained partially unpublished. In this regard, rather than reporting new findings at the site, this paper aims to explore the data gathered in those campaigns. A special focus is given to the study of material remains, which constitute the fundamental element to link the site to what will be a turning point in the occupation of this territory - the end of the 1st millennium BC

23

Pérez, Emiliano, Pilar Merchán, María José Merchán, and Santiago Salamanca. "Virtual Reality to Foster Social Integration by Allowing Wheelchair Users to Tour Complex Archaeological Sites Realistically." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030419.

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People with disabilities encounter numerous barriers when dealing with the simplest and most usual things in their daily lives. This is even more remarkable when they are faced with archaeological heritage buildings or environments. People with reduced mobility come too often upon architectural barriers that stop them from enjoying their visits to sites and monuments. This paper introduces a virtual reality (VR) experience developed to provide people in wheelchairs with the most realistic sensations while virtually touring some archaeological sites. To this end, the remote sensing of the site enables the production of a realistic 3D model leading to the creation of a virtual world that the user will explore. This VR application has been developed to traverse one of the most important monumental buildings in Spanish Protohistory, the site of Cancho Roano (Zalamea de la Serena, Spain).

24

Wiradnyana, Ketut. "MIGRASI AUSTRONESIA PROTOSEJARAH KE PULAU SAMOSIR DAN PERANNYA PADA KEBUDAYAAN DI WILAYAH SEKITARNYA." Tumotowa 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/tmt.v1i1.8.

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Samosir Island in the middle of Lake Toba, a central area of Toba Batak culture. Prehistoric cultural aspect that is very prominent in the Batak Toba culture is a megalithic culture in the form of ancestor worship concept, container graves and various shades of decorative patterns. variety of shapes, materials and decorative patterns have in common with shades of megalithic culture in Sulawesi. Based on the cultural pattern that develops and research results in the area of prehistoric Austronesian in the surrounding area indicate that migration to the island of Samosir in the period Austronesian protohistory. The indicated migration of Sulawesi in the early AD. Since the Toba Batak society plays an important role in the cultural assimilation with the surrounding area. it can be determined based on the study of archaeological and ethnographic approach through deductive reasoning eksplanatif.

25

Guidi, Alessandro. "TWENTY YEARS AFTER “ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY: ARCHAEOLOGICAL EUROPE 2500-500 BC” NEW DATA ON ITALIAN PROTOHISTORY." Acta Archaeologica 89, no. 1 (December 2018): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0390.2018.12192.x.

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26

Bocquentin, Fanny, Miquel Molist, and Ianir Milevski. "Connections and Disconnections in the Late Prehistory and Protohistory of the Levant: Discussion and perspectives." Paléorient 42, no. 2 (2016): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.2016.5727.

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27

Sanmartí, Joan, Nabil Kallala, Maria Carme Belarte, Joan Ramon, Bouthéina Maraoui Telmini, Rafel Jornet, and Souad Miniaoui. "Filling Gaps in the Protohistory of the Eastern Maghreb: The Althiburos Archaeological Project (El Kef, Tunisia)." Journal of African Archaeology 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2012): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10213.

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Little is known about the Eastern Maghreb in the second and first millennia BC, except for the very last centuries when classical sources provide some information about the Numidian kingdoms. The survey and excavation of Althiburos and its surroundings have provided valuable data related to the first millennium BC. Occupation of the site dates back to the ninth or tenth century cal BC and continues into Roman times. Archaeobiological data — particularly the evidence of grape, a crop that only provides a return after several years, but thereafter produces fruit for a considerable period — suggest that the population was sedentary from the beginning, and that it probably grew throughout occupation. Iron slag is also present from the eight or tenth century cal BC. The construction of a Punic-type cistern and an impressive defensive wall indicate that the site developed into a city-like settlement by the mid-first millennium BC. While relations with Carthage may have played an important role in this process, we suggest that population growth was the main cause for sedentariness and, later, for the development of cities and the Numidian states. Other important aspects of the project include the typology and dating of pottery, the discovery of small pre-Roman habitation sites, and the dating of a small dolmen and one of the funerary mounds in the city’s surroundings.

28

Capuzzo, Giacomo, Elisabetta Boaretto, and Juan A. Barceló. "EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France." Radiocarbon 56, no. 02 (2014): 851–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200049870.

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The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 160014C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.

29

García-López, Arturo, and Fernando Prados Martínez. "El trabajo de la piedra en la Protohistoria balear. Estudio tecnológico y productivo de la arquitectura de Son Catlar (Ciutadella, Menorca)." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, no. 31.2 (2022): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2022.i31.20.

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n Resultado de los trabajos derivados del Proyecto Modular: Arquitectura fenicio-púnica en Menorca, presentamos un avance del estudio tecnológico y productivo de la piedra empleada para la construcción de la arquitectura de Son Catlar (Ciutadella). El objeto de este estudio es representar la secuencia de los procesos de trabajo, desde la explotación de la materia prima en las áreas de actividad que conocemos como canteras, hasta el consumo del material constructivo y su constitución como aparejo en el poblado. Pretendemos con esta investigación dar los primeros pasos en esta línea, valorando el papel que jugó la introducción de la tecnología del hierro y de las canteras para extracción de sillarejo durante el período denominado Postalayótico (II Edad del Hierro) momento previo a la conquista romana en que la isla se abrió culturalmente al Mediterráneo (550-123 a.C.).

30

Véron, Alain, Christophe Morhange, André Poirier, Bernard Angeletti, and Frédérique Bertoncello. "Geochemical markers of human occupation in the lower Argens valley (Fréjus, France): from protohistory to Roman times." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 17 (February 2018): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.09.028.

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31

Capuzzo, Giacomo, Elisabetta Boaretto, and Juan A. Barceló. "EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France." Radiocarbon 56, no. 2 (2014): 851–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.17453.

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The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.

32

Alvarez-Sanchis, Jesús R. "Zoomorphic Iron Age Sculpture in Western Iberia: Symbols of Social and Cultural Identity?" Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 60, no. 1 (1994): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00003492.

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One of the most interesting archaeological features of western Iberian Protohistory is the stone animal sculptures, usually called ‘verracos’. The function and meaning of this kind of monument is discussed, taking into account the regional settlement pattern and changes during the early Roman period. The sculptures were used as an index of economic value (cattle) and by studying their spatial distribution in the Amblés Valley (Avila) it is proposed that they were used as landmarks delimiting critical resources (pasture) the explotation of which could have been organized by the elites of the 2nd Iron Age communities living in the Valley. The presence of first Roman settlers did not necessarily lead to a clear breakdown of pre-existing social symbols and cultural traditions. This is reflected through a continuity of sculpture production probably without changes to the spatial pattern. Thus, it is possible to conclude that sculpture production may reflect social, economic, and ideological ties between the old hierarchy and the new elites, expresed in terms of native identity.

33

Rückemann, Claus-Peter. "The Coherent Multi-disciplinary Knowledge Case of Prehistorical Insight: Information Science at the Edge of Structured Data Comprehension." Information Theories and Applications 28, no. 1 (2021): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54521/ijita28-01-p01.

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Up to these days, we are experiencing an omnipresent lack of a general approach for cognitive addressing of knowledge structures. This article presents new results and component reference implementations based on frameworks of coherent conceptual knowledge. Coherent conceptual knowledge provides valuable instruments for multi-disciplinary contextualisation, e.g., for contexts in prehistory and protohistory. This research addresses scientific methodologies, valorisation and intelligent re-valorisation of any scientific insight, cognostic addressing of structures, also known as nucleal cognstructures. The resulting component reference implementations enable productive, fertile environments, and learning-improvement-cycles. Central goal of this research is a consistent coherent conceptual integration of knowledge. Prehistory and prehistoric archaeology and their contexts and contextualisation provide a plethora of instructive multi-disciplinary scientific scenarios of high complexity. Thus, component reference implementations for these scenarios are implementation blueprints for informational modeling, industrial learning, and improvement cycles. The results of this long-term research provide solutions based on practical information science, beneficial for prehistory, prehistoric archaeology, and their multi-disciplinary contexts as well as for providing approaches to general solutions.

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Conati Barbaro, Cecilia, Daniele Moscone, Marco Iamoni, Daniele Morandi Bonacossi, and Hasan A. Qasim. "The Prehistory and Protohistory of the northwestern region of Iraqi Kurdistan: Preliminary results from the first survey campaigns." Paléorient, no. 45-2 (December 1, 2019): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/paleorient.778.

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Fuertes, Carlos de Juan. "Tools and structures related to crop and processing of cereal in the protohistory at south of Iberian Peninsula." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, no. 26 (2017): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2017i26.03.

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Fujii, Sumio. "Chronology of the Jafr Prehistory and Protohistory: a Key to the Process of Pastoral Nomadization in the Southern Levant." Syria, no. 90 (January 1, 2013): 49–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/syria.1723.

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Shaheen, Ifqut, and Rafiullah Khan. "In Pursuit of Pre-/Protohistory: Simone Corbiau’s Unsuccessful Archaeological Expedition to the North-West Frontier Province of British India." South Asian Studies 36, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2020.1820656.

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BELARTE, MARIA CARME, ERIC GAILLEDRAT, and JORDI PRINCIPAL. "THE FUNCTIONAL AND SYMBOLIC USES OF SPACE IN WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN PROTOHISTORY: THE PECH MAHO EXAMPLE (SIGEAN, WESTERN LANGUEDOC, FRANCE)." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 30, no. 1 (January 26, 2011): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0092.2010.00359.x.

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Pérez, E., M. J. Merchán, S. Salamanca, and P. Merchán. "VIRTUAL REALITY TO ALLOW WHEELCHAIR USERS TOURING COMPLEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN A REALISTIC MANNER. TOWARDS THEIR ACTUAL SOCIAL INTEGRATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W9 (January 31, 2019): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w9-597-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Technology development really reaches its highest point when it becomes a tool to facilitate life to people, especially to those more disadvantaged groups. This is the case of people with disabilities, who find lots of barriers to cope with the most usual and simplest things in their day-to-day. This fact is even more significant when they happen to face heritage buildings or environments. For instance, blind people or people with reduced mobility too often come upon architectural barriers that stop them from enjoying sites and monuments. Focused on people that have to use wheelchairs, a VR experience have been developed in order to provide them with the most realistic sensations while virtually touring on their wheelchairs some archaeological sites. This paper presents the steps forder the users to have the same sensations as if they were wheeling on the floor while visiting the site: irregularities, slopes and narrowness. The VR application has been developed to traverse one of the most monumental buildings of the whole Spanish Protohistory, the site of Cancho Roano (Zalamea de la Serena, Spain). The procedure to generate its digital 3D model from real data acquired with a laser scanner is also dealt with in it.</p>

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Di Lorenzo, Halinka, Reinhard Jung, Marco Pacciarelli, Bernhard Weninger, and Elda Russo Ermolli. "Human impact and landscape changes between 3000 and 1000 BC on the Tropea Promontory (Calabria, Italy)." Holocene 31, no. 6 (March 5, 2021): 926–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683621994648.

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Pollen data were collected from a one-meter peat succession recovered from the top of the Tropea Promontory (Calabria), a territory continuously inhabited throughout Prehistory and Protohistory. The peat was deposited in a small pond/marsh that was gradually filled up. Six 14C dates allowed the peat growth to be constrained to between ca. 3000 and 1000 calBC. Considerable landscape and land use changes occurred in the area in that time interval, due to both environmental changes and intensive human activities. An open landscape with scattered oak woods characterized the high plain, whereas on the wet soils surrounding the marsh, wet woodlands ( Alnus), and hygrophilous vegetation (Cyperaceae) developed, their relative abundance being used to mark the local environmental evolution. The occurrence of different anthropogenic indicators reveals that the area was exploited for agricultural practices (cereal cultivation) and livestock grazing, the latter being the main activity practiced around the marsh between the Eneolithic (stable settlements) and the Early-Middle Bronze Age (seasonal presence). The possibility of climatic influence on the peat evolution was studied by comparisons with well-dated isotope records. The marsh contraction phase roughly coincides with the 4.2 ka calBP event, while the end of peat accumulation postdates the 3.0 ka calBP rapid climate change event.

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Olaru, Ioana-Iulia. "The Evolution of Habitat in Middle Hallstatt on The Territory of Romania." Review of Artistic Education 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rae-2019-0023.

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Abstract The paper will refer only to one of period of Hallstatt, Middle Hallstatt, an important period of the first Iron Age – that form with Late Hallstatt a unity called by historian the protohistory of the Dacians – bringing important transformations recorded in the human beings’ habitat. The settlements and buildings of the entire Bronze Age reflect the continuation of migrations, though limited, by their sedentarization, but also the fortification of some settlements which became real centres of unions of tribes. The characteristic to the mentioned period is continuity (and then the ending) of the process of unification of the Thracian tribes, a process began in Early Hallstatt. The collision of tribes needed the amplification of settlements, but also of the fortifications and also, step by step, the extending of the Greek urbanism implemented in today’s Dobrogea by the Greeks who started colonies here, the Scythian-Greek incluences are to be found in the Late Hallstatt and in other areas on the nowadays territory of our country. The specificity of settlements and buildings of the cultures from the beginning of Hallstatt on the territory of our country will be studied in their evolution towards the next phase – of the second period of the Iron Age: Latène.

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Ljuština, M., and J. Cvijetić. "NOTES ON ETHNICAL COMPONENTS IN FORMING ARCHEOLOGICAL PICTURE OF SOUTWESTERN SERBIA AND NORTHERN MONTENEGRO IN PROTOHISTORY AND EARLY ROMAN PERIOD." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 31, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.02.06.

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The paper is devoted to recognition of ethnical components and their importance in creation of archaeological picture of South-Western Serbia and Northern Montenegro in proto-history and Early Roman period. The chosen region was an integral part of the Illyrian world, but on the threshold of the Thracian at the end of later prehistory. As for the subsequent period of Roman domination, one of the most important tasks for the future exploration is at least partial enlightening the structure of the population the Romans found in this area at the turn of the Christ Era. Either the new era or the Christian era.

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Ciarla, Roberto, Fiorella Rispoli, and Pakpadee Yukongdi. "SHELL PERSONAL ORNAMENTS CRAFT AT THE SITE OF THA KAE, LOPBURI PROVINCE, CENTRAL THAILAND. TRACING THE SOUTHWARD DISPERSAL OF THE DRILLING TECHNIQUE." Journal of Indo-Pacific Archaeology 41 (July 10, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/jipa.v41i0.15011.

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<p>The collection of mollusk remains excavated at Tha Kae has been recently re-analyzed and identified as to genera or family level. Out of 5 main fresh/salt-water mollusk families, only Conus and Tridacna were used to make personal ornaments and, for Tridacna, small adzes, during the local Bronze Age (BA) (c. 1100-500 BCE).</p><p>The study of 100 kg of production debris and of whole/fragmentary ornaments demonstrated the manufacturing cycle consisted of two main steps: 1) Procurement of the raw material; 2) Transformation in a sequence of six stages of the raw material into the base material for luxuries that arguably entered inter-regional exchange circuits. The manufacturing cycle, possibly part of a system organized at the community level, implied procurement expeditions and skilled craftspeople able to organize and use the relevant tool kit, whose origin can be traced back to the lower Yangtze valley (late fourth millennium BC). The shell-craft cycle also sheds light on the cognitive processes of the craftsmen, who had to make a choice in order to maximize the output of their work.</p>The study provides newly organized data of direct archaeological interest to the field of Southeast Asian pre-protohistory, as well as to those of social and cultural anthropology, cognitive science, marine palaeobiology and to palaeogeography.

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ЛЮБАРТ, М. К. "CONTEMPORARY DISCOURSE ON THE ORIGINS OF THE BRETONS: TENDENCIES OF CELTOSKEPTICISM." Цивилизация и варварство, no. 12(12) (October 29, 2023): 140–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2023.12.12.009.

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На протяжении более двух столетий идея о том, что бретонцы являются кельтским по происхождению народом, являлась общепризнанной. Отсылки к кельтской истории и культуре являются одной из значимых составляющих (этно)культурной идентичности бретонцев, которая укреплялась на протяжении долгого времени под влиянием высокого интереса к древней и загадочной культуре кельтов, — кельтомании. Однако новые данные археологии и палеогенетики говорят о необходимости коррекции представлений о протоистории региона и начальных этапов этногенеза бретонцев, ставят под сомнение их кельтское происхождение. В этой главе анализируются современные тенденции кельтоскептицизма во французской науке и основные черты дискуссии в научном сообществе, развернувшейся в связи с этим. For more than two centuries, the idea that the Bretons are of Celtic origin has been generally accepted. References to Celtic history and culture are one of the significant components of the (ethno) cultural identity of the Bretons, which has been strengthened over time under the influence of high interest in the ancient and mysterious culture of the Celts - Celtomania. However, new data from archeology and paleogenetics speak of the need to correct ideas about the protohistory of the region and the initial stages of the ethnogenesis of the Bretons, and cast doubt on their Celtic origin. This chapter analyzes the current trends of Celtoskepticism in French science and the main features of the discussion in the scientific community that unfolded in connection with this.

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Olcina Doménech, Manuel, Adoración Martínez Carmona, Feliciana Sala Selles, David López Serrano, Antonio Doménech-Carbó, and Yolanda Carrión Marco. "Un testimonio de la producción de brea en la protohistoria de la península ibérica: el horno de la Illeta dels Banyets (El Campello, Alicante)." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla 1, no. 31 (2022): 253–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2022.i31.10.

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Durante la campaña de 2009-2010 en el yacimiento arqueológico de la Illeta dels Banyets se localizó un basamento circular, una pileta y un depósito excavado en el subsuelo que formaban parte de un único equipamiento dedicado a una actividad productiva. Por sus características y por los análisis antracológico y químico se ha identificado como un horno para la destilación de pez o brea, cuyo proceso de fabricación se ha visto confirmado con paralelos arqueológicos y etnográficos. Datado entre finales del siglo IV y la primera mitad del siglo III a.C., es la primera instalación completa de este tipo conocida para el periodo protohistórico en la península ibérica.

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THOMAS, RICHARD G. "Philology in Viet Nam and its Impact on Southeast Asian Cultural History." Modern Asian Studies 40, no. 2 (April 18, 2006): 477–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x06001776.

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The current paper is part of an interdisciplinary project focusing on the intellectual dimensions of the French colonial experience in colonial Viet Nam, particularly in relation to the archaeology of Southeast Asia. As such, the work presented here is intended as a follow-up to the recently published exploration of intellectual movements under colonialism in French-ruled Viet Nam produced by Susan Bayly. Its wider aim is to contextualise the work of the Ecole Française d'Extrême Orient in order to better understand why its product, the cultural history of Viet Nam, is now so far out of step with the rest of mainland Southeast Asia that despite more than thirty years of post-colonial fieldwork by Vietnamese scholars, and more than fifteen years of collaboration with Western institutions, our understanding of Vietnamese protohistory has advanced little since, in a now famous review of the then current state of Vietnamese archaeology, Jeremy Davidson opined that ‘our knowledge of Champa remains so fragmentary, vague and inaccurate that the whole subject must be reworked’. The current work has many points of concordance with Bayly's interdisciplinary study. Here too it is argued that the distinctive understandings of race, culture and polity brought to the colony by French scientists, profoundly affected the thought and actions of Vietnamese as well as Europeans, and that the effects of their work were felt both within and beyond the French empire.

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Carbonell-Roca, Joan, M. Mercè Bergadà, Emili Junyent, and Natàlia Alonso. "Water management and raw-earth construction in protohistory: Uses and transformations of reservoir BS-1625 at the site of Vilars d'Arbeca (Lleida, Spain)." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 56 (June 2024): 104532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104532.

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Pinto, Javier, Suset Barroso-Solares, Jorge Souto, E. Rodriguez, Carlos Sanz-Minguez, and Angel Carmelo Prieto. "Raman Spectroscopy Study of Ancient Vaccaei (s. IV-I BC) Glass Beads found at the Necropolis of “Las Ruedas” (Padilla de Duero, Valladolid, Spain)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2204, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2204/1/012009.

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Abstract Glass pieces were highly appreciated imported goods in the Protohistory of the Iberian Peninsula. Therefore, these remainings could provide evidence about the commercial or political relationships among contemporary cultures. However, archaeometry studies of glass beads are scarce in the Iberian Peninsula, and their results are difficult to generalize, as the studied glass beads are often found without clear historical context. On the contrary, the archaeological site of Pintia (Padilla de Duero, Valladolid, Spain) have provided about one thousand glass beads in the last decades, being a significant percentage found in well-contextualized closed tombs. Ten representative samples found in closed tombs have been selected in this work to deepen in our knowledge of the Vaccaei culture (IV-I BC). The study of the glass network of these pieces by Raman spectroscopy provided an estimation of the firing temperatures employed to produce such samples, and hence evidenced the technological development required for their production. Also, the combination of the Raman spectroscopy results with elemental analysis by ESEM/EDX narrowed the composition of the glass, as well as the pigments employed to obtain blue, yellow-orange, and green tones. Particularly, the presence of complex pigments such as lead antimoniates (e.g., Naples yellow) was confirmed. Moreover, it was possible to identify the surface degradation processes suffered by these samples. Finally, information about the complex funerary rituals performed by the Vaccaei, involving cremation, was also provided. The evolution of the glass network of glass beads altered by the cremation, evidenced by Raman spectroscopy, narrow the cremation temperature to about 600 °C.

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Mitáš, Vladimír, and Pavol Žigo. "Lexical-semantic characteristics of the common noun háj (‘grove’) and the proper names Háj in relation to archaeological sites. (The archaeological site and motivation of its name from the aspects of history and linguistics)." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 72, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 208–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2021-0024.

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Abstract The article is an attempt to employ the lexical-semantic reconstruction by Professor Vincent Blanár, whose 100th birthday the authors commemorate, to help us understand the cultural legacy of the past. The core of the text is a retrospective view of the names of areas with occurrence of Pre-Slavic material culture and an attempt to identify the motivating lexical units of the oronyms Háj and their derivatives from the territory of today’s Slovakia by means of interconnected knowledge from the fields of linguistics and archaeology. Proper names such as Háj/Háje occurred as late as in Slavic cultural and linguistic environment; however, material evidence at places with such names suggests presence of an older culture, i. e., settlement by population of a different cultural, social or linguistic provenance. In this study, the lexical-semantic reconstruction of the common noun háj in its original meaning as the motivating linguistic unit for oronyms such as Háj and their derivatives is reflected in the mirror of archaeological research. In connection with the sites named Háj/Háje in the regions of Gemer, Malohont, Novohrad or Hont in the south of Central Slovakia, the authors state that from the aspect of archaeology, they are at least remarkable places of the cultural landscape in which we can expect finds from various stages of prehistory and protohistory. The authors also emphasize that in the studied cases, this is not an absolute rule; it is rather a distinct signal of occurrence of archaeological finds.

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Magnini, Luigi, and Cinzia Bettineschi. "Object-Based Predictive Modeling (OBPM) for Archaeology: Finding Control Places in Mountainous Environments." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061197.

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This contribution examines the potential of object-based image analysis (OBIA) for archaeological predictive modeling starting from elevation data, by testing a ruleset for the location of “control places” on two test areas in the Alpine environment (northern Italy). The ruleset was developed on the western Asiago Plateau (Vicenza Province, Veneto) and subsequently re-applied (semi)automatically in the Isarco Valley (South Tirol). Firstly, we considered the physiographic, climatic, and morphological characteristics of the selected areas and we applied 3 DTM processing techniques: Slope, local dominance, and solar radiation. Subsequently, we employed an object-based approach to classification. Solar radiation, local dominance, and slope were visualized as a three-layer RGB image that was segmented with the multiresolution algorithm. The classification was implemented with a ruleset that selected only image–objects with high local dominance and solar radiation, but low slope, which were considered more suitable parameters for human occupation. The classification returned five areas on the Asiago Plateau that were remotely and ground controlled, confirming anthropic exploitation covering a time span from protohistory (2nd-1st millennium BC) to the First World War. Subsequently, the same model was applied to the Isarco Valley to verify the replicability of the method. The procedure resulted in 36 potential control places which find good correspondence with the archaeological sites discovered in the area. Previously unknown contexts were further controlled using very high-resolution (VHR) aerial images and digital terrain model (DTM) data, which often suggested a possible (pre-proto)historic human frequentation. The outcomes of the analysis proved the feasibility of the approach, which can be exported and applied to similar mountainous landscapes for site predictivity analysis.