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Journal articles on the topic 'Protocol characterization'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Arena, I. E., G. M. Caranti, R. Rodríguez Aranciva, and N. F. Mac Garry. "CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTICHAMBERS TENSIOMETER: protocol." Anales AFA 23, no. 1 (July 29, 2013): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31527/analesafa.2013.23.1.74.

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2

Zhao, Wen Hong. "Protocols Analysis Based on the Combination Mode of Walsh Function." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3482.

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To analyses networks, technologies of network protocol analysis are usually used. A new approach of protocols analysis is presented based on the combination mode of walsh function. It consists of three parts, such as the protocol structure characterization method, the hierarchical protocol analysis and the self-learning combination modes. After discussing the analysis process, an experiment shows the efficiency of presented approach.

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3

SALMAN, ISRAA S. "Isolation and Characterization Skin Fibroblast of Newborn Mice Using Easy and Simple Protocol." Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 51, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36872/lepi/v51i2/301121.

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4

Chassouant, Louise, Fabienne Olmer, Chiara Delpino, Alessandra Celant, Cathy Vieillescazes, Donatella Magri, and Carole Mathe. "Protocol Comparison for Organic Residue Analyses from Waterproofing Materials and Shards of Roman Archaeological Amphorae." Crystals 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111300.

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With the aim of addressing the impact of extractive protocols in molecular characterization of ceramic content, sixteen archaeological shards and waterproofing coatings of Roman amphorae were studied to compare the extractive capacities of protocols prevalently mentioned in wine amphorae analysis. A microwave-assisted protocol is developed in order to esterify grape-derivative markers from archaeological pitch and shard. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used to highlight the great capacities of a two-step protocol that combines organic extraction with BF3-etherate complex butylation applied on archaeological shards. Instead, simultaneous alkaline fusion and direct-resin acid-catalyzed butylation are favored for the characterization of waterproofing material. The identification of tartaric acid, together with succinic, fumaric pyruvic and syringic acids provide valuable insights on the archaeological grape-derivative content, possibly wine. Diterpenic markers highlighted Pinus pitch and wood tar, originally used to waterproof the amphorae. Since markers are reliable tools in organic residue analyses, protocols exhibiting high extractive capacities are favored to avoid false conclusions drawn through the absence of markers.

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5

He, Jingjing, Jin Li, Yi Sun, Guangxiu Lu, and Ge Lin. "Optimization of protocols for generation of insulin-producing cells from human embryonic stem cells using small molecules." Materials Express 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.1974.

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The differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into β-cells has potential uses for cell therapy in diabetes. There were massive reported protocols which can be used to generate insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from hESCs, and most of these methods were using recombinant growth factors. However, small molecules can coax ES cells towards pancreatic fate, and could substitute recombinant proteins. To obtain an unbiased characterization, we performed a comparative study with the recombinant protein induction protocol and the small molecule induction protocol and found that the small molecule induction protocol could better inhibit the differentiation of cells into hepatic lineage cells than the recombinant protein induction protocol. On this basis, we further optimized and established an efficient small molecule differentiation system, and the optimized protocol could better inhibit the differentiation of pancreatic exocrine glands. The differentiated hESCs obtained by our optimized protocol comprised approximately 32% IPCs as assayed by flow cytometry analysis. Transmission electron micrograph demonstrated that IPCs obtained in optimized small molecule induction protocol had more and larger secretory granules than those in induction protocol before optimization.

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6

Yakoub, Abraam M., and Mark Sadek. "Development and Characterization of Human Cerebral Organoids." Cell Transplantation 27, no. 3 (March 2018): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689717752946.

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Studies of human neurodevelopmental disorders and stem cell–based regenerative transplants have been hampered by the lack of a model of the developing human brain. Stem cell–derived neurons suffer major limitations, including the ability to recapitulate the 3-dimensional architecture of a brain tissue and the representation of multiple layers and cell types that contribute to the overall brain functions in vivo. Recently, cerebral organoid technology was introduced; however, such technology is still in its infancy, and its low reproducibility and limitations significantly reduce the reliability of such a model as it currently exists, especially considering the complexity of cerebral-organoid protocols. Here we have tested and compared multiple protocols and conditions for growth of organoids, and we describe an optimized methodology, and define the necessary and sufficient factors that support the development of optimal organoids. Our optimization criteria included organoids’ overall growth and size, stratification and representation of the various cell types, inter-batch variability, analysis of neuronal maturation, and even the cost of the procedure. Importantly, this protocol encompasses a plethora of technical tips that allow researchers to easily reproduce it and obtain reliable organoids with the least variability, and showcases a robust array of approaches to characterize successful organoids. This optimized protocol provides a reliable system for genetic or pharmacological (drug development) screens and may enhance understanding and therapy of human neurodevelopmental disorders, including harnessing the therapeutic potential of stem cell–derived transplants.

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7

Schulte, Marius, Victor J. Martínez-Lahuerta, Maja S. Scharnagl, and Klemens Hammerer. "Ramsey interferometry with generalized one-axis twisting echoes." Quantum 4 (May 15, 2020): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-05-15-268.

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We consider a large class of Ramsey interferometry protocols which are enhanced by squeezing and un-squeezing operations before and after a phase signal is imprinted on the collective spin of N particles. We report an analytical optimization for any given particle number and strengths of (un-)squeezing. These results can be applied even when experimentally relevant decoherence processes during the squeezing and un-squeezing interactions are included. Noise between the two interactions is however not considered in this work. This provides a generalized characterization of squeezing echo protocols, recovering a number of known quantum metrological protocols as local sensitivity maxima, thereby proving their optimality. We discover a single new protocol. Its sensitivity enhancement relies on a double inversion of squeezing. In the general class of echo protocols, the newly found over-un-twisting protocol is singled out due to its Heisenberg scaling even at strong collective dephasing.

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8

Ercolin, Anna Carolina Mazeto, Kelly Cristine Santos Roballo, Juliana Barbosa Casals, Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri, Aline Fernanda Souza, Rodrigo da Silva Nunes Barreto, Fabiana Fernandes Bressan, et al. "Rabbit olfactory stem cells. Isolation protocol and characterization." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 31, no. 1 (January 2016): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020160010000009.

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9

Sidari, Rossana, Katarína Ženišová, Blanka Tobolková, Elena Belajová, Tereza Cabicarová, Mária Bučková, Andrea Puškárová, Matej Planý, Tomáš Kuchta, and Domenico Pangallo. "Wine Yeasts Selection: Laboratory Characterization and Protocol Review." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 2223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112223.

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Wine reflects the specificity of a terroir, including the native microbiota. In contrast to the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae commercial starters, a way to maintain wines’ microbial terroir identities, guaranteeing at the same time the predictability and reproducibility of the wines, is the selection of autochthonous Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces strains towards optimal enological characteristics for the chosen area of isolation. This field has been explored but there is a lack of a compendium covering the main methods to use. Autochthonous wine yeasts from different areas of Slovakia were identified and tested, in the form of colonies grown either on nutrient agar plates or in grape must micro-fermentations, for technological and qualitative enological characteristics. Based on the combined results, Saccharomyces cerevisiae PDA W 10, Lachancea thermotolerans 5-1-1 and Metschnikowia pulcherrima 125/14 were selected as potential wine starters. This paper, as a mixture of experimental and review contributions, provides a compendium of methods used to select autochthonous wine yeasts. Thanks to the presence of images, this compendium could guide other researchers in screening their own yeast strains for wine production.

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10

Kim, Yi Kyung, Byung Kwan Park, Chan Kyo Kim, and Sung Yoon Park. "Adenoma Characterization: Adrenal Protocol with Dual-Energy CT." Radiology 267, no. 1 (April 2013): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.12112735.

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11

Chu, Jason S., and Zhen J. Wang. "Protocol Optimization for Renal Mass Detection and Characterization." Radiologic Clinics of North America 58, no. 5 (September 2020): 851–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2020.05.003.

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12

Commenge, Jean-Marc, and Laurent Falk. "Villermaux–Dushman protocol for experimental characterization of micromixers." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 50, no. 10 (October 2011): 979–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2011.06.006.

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13

Stacy, Raymond, Ali Eroglu, Alex Fowler, John Biggers, and Mehmet Toner. "Thermal characterization of Nakagata’s mouse sperm freezing protocol." Cryobiology 52, no. 1 (February 2006): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2005.10.006.

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14

Bossù, Maurizio, Laura Selan, Marco Artini, Michela Relucenti, Giuseppe Familiari, Rosanna Papa, Gianluca Vrenna, et al. "Characterization of Scardovia wiggsiae Biofilm by Original Scanning Electron Microscopy Protocol." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060807.

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Early childhood caries (ECC) is a severe manifestation of carious pathology with rapid and disruptive progression. The ECC microbiota includes a wide variety of bacterial species, among which is an anaerobic newly named species, Scardovia wiggsiae, a previously unidentified Bifidobacterium. Our aim was to provide the first ultrastructural characterization of S. wiggsiae and its biofilm by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a protocol that faithfully preserved the biofilm architecture and allowed an investigation at very high magnifications (order of nanometers) and with the appropriate resolution. To accomplish this task, we analyzed Streptococcus mutans’ biofilm by conventional SEM and VP-SEM protocols, in addition, we developed an original procedure, named OsO4-RR-TA-IL, which avoids dehydration, drying and sputter coating. This innovative protocol allowed high-resolution and high-magnification imaging (from 10000× to 35000×) in high-vacuum and high-voltage conditions. After comparing three methods, we chose OsO4-RR-TA-IL to investigate S. wiggsiae. It appeared as a fusiform elongated bacterium, without surface specialization, arranged in clusters and submerged in a rich biofilm matrix, which showed a well-developed micro-canalicular system. Our results provide the basis for the development of innovative strategies to quantify the effects of different treatments, in order to establish the best option to counteract ECC in pediatric patients.

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15

Bouchard, Frédéric, Felix Hufnagel, Dominik Koutný, Aazad Abbas, Alicia Sit, Khabat Heshami, Robert Fickler, and Ebrahim Karimi. "Quantum process tomography of a high-dimensional quantum communication channel." Quantum 3 (May 6, 2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2019-05-06-138.

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The characterization of quantum processes, e.g. communication channels, is an essential ingredient for establishing quantum information systems. For quantum key distribution protocols, the amount of overall noise in the channel determines the rate at which secret bits are distributed between authorized partners. In particular, tomographic protocols allow for the full reconstruction, and thus characterization, of the channel. Here, we perform quantum process tomography of high-dimensional quantum communication channels with dimensions ranging from 2 to 5. We can thus explicitly demonstrate the effect of an eavesdropper performing an optimal cloning attack or an intercept-resend attack during a quantum cryptographic protocol. Moreover, our study shows that quantum process tomography enables a more detailed understanding of the channel conditions compared to a coarse-grained measure, such as quantum bit error rates. This full characterization technique allows us to optimize the performance of quantum key distribution under asymmetric experimental conditions, which is particularly useful when considering high-dimensional encoding schemes.

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16

Salam, Mohammad Abdus, and Tanjima Ferdous. "Characterization of Directed Diffusion Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network." International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwmn.2014.6301.

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17

Basak, Trishita, Madhurima Paul, and Rupasri Ain. "Protocol for functional characterization of endoreduplicated murine trophoblast cells." STAR Protocols 3, no. 3 (September 2022): 101573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101573.

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18

Hooghan, Kultaransingh, Lori Hathon, Mike Dixon, and Mike Myers. "Organic Matter Characterization in Shales: A Systematic Empirical Protocol." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, S1 (July 2017): 2130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761701131x.

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19

Dreibati, B., C. Lavet, A. Pinti, and G. Poumarat. "Characterization of an electric stimulation protocol for muscular exercise." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 54, no. 1 (February 2011): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2010.11.004.

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20

Matts, Robert L., Gary E. L. Brandt, Yuanming Lu, Anshuman Dixit, Mehdi Mollapour, Suiquan Wang, Alison C. Donnelly, Leonard Neckers, Gennady Verkhivker, and Brian S. J. Blagg. "A systematic protocol for the characterization of Hsp90 modulators." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 1 (January 2011): 684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.029.

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21

EL-Etreby, Amr S. "Intraoral characterization of monolithic ceramics: The “Triple R” protocol." Future Dental Journal 4, no. 2 (December 2018): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fdj.2018.10.004.

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22

Titus, J. L., and C. F. Wheatley. "See characterization of vertical dmosfets: an updated test protocol." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 50, no. 6 (December 2003): 2341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2003.820733.

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23

Baldoni, Roberto, Jean-Michel Hélary, and Michel Raynal. "Rollback-Dependency Trackability: A Minimal Characterization and Its Protocol." Information and Computation 165, no. 2 (March 2001): 144–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.2000.2906.

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24

Li, Songyan, Shaopeng Li, and Kaiqiang Zhang. "Protocol for preparation and characterization of CO2-responsive foaming." STAR Protocols 4, no. 1 (March 2023): 102009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2022.102009.

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25

Yao, Yu Qin, Yin Jie Cen, Richard D. Sisson, and Jian Yu Liang. "A Synthesize Protocol for Graphene Nanosheets." Materials Science Forum 880 (November 2016): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.880.3.

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Chemical synthesis is cheap and easy to be tailored. Reduction of graphite oxide to form graphene nanosheets is a necessary step that determines yield, quality, chemical and surface properties of graphene nanosheets. In this report, the reduction of graphite oxides by chemical and thermal methods has been employed to convert graphite oxide synthesized by the same wet chemical method using KMnO4 and H2O2. The characterization results from the two reduction methods indicate that a combination of wet oxidation of graphite and thermal reduction method is an efficient and environmental friendly way to produce graphene.

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26

Milchram, Lisa, Regina Soldo, Valerie Regele, Silvia Schönthaler, Markus Degeorgi, Sophie Baumgartner, Elena Kopp, and Andreas Weinhäusel. "A novel click chemistry-based peptide ELISA protocol: development and technical evaluation." BioTechniques 72, no. 4 (April 2022): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2021-0107.

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ELISA is the current standard for (auto)antibody diagnostics. Once established, ELISA protocols can be easily adapted for novel antigens; however, peptide-based protocols are rarely available. Herein the authors describe the results of a technical investigation of an indirect ELISA protocol using peptides conjugated onto a protein carrier based on click chemistry and immobilized in standard plastics. The authors compared this approach with the common biotin–avidin system and obtained a slightly improved limit of detection for purified IgG of 25–100 ng/well compared with 25–1000 ng/well. Reproducibility and stability of the methodological approach were conducted for further technical characterization. Indirect ELISA using immunoreactive peptides conjugated to bovine serum albumin offers a reliable method that is complementary to standard plastics and plate readers.

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Kunz, Meik, Beat Wolf, Maximilian Fuchs, Jan Christoph, Ke Xiao, Thomas Thum, David Atlan, Hans-Ulrich Prokosch, and Thomas Dandekar. "A comprehensive method protocol for annotation and integrated functional understanding of lncRNAs." Briefings in Bioinformatics 21, no. 4 (October 3, 2019): 1391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbz066.

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Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of fundamental biological importance; however, their functional role is often unclear or loosely defined as experimental characterization is challenging and bioinformatic methods are limited. We developed a novel integrated method protocol for the annotation and detailed functional characterization of lncRNAs within the genome. It combines annotation, normalization and gene expression with sequence-structure conservation, functional interactome and promoter analysis. Our protocol allows an analysis based on the tissue and biological context, and is powerful in functional characterization of experimental and clinical RNA-Seq datasets including existing lncRNAs. This is demonstrated on the uncharacterized lncRNA GATA6-AS1 in dilated cardiomyopathy.

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28

Xu, Xiaoyan, and Qi Wang. "Direct characterization of a polymer network through its retainable units." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 35 (2019): 4837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py00909d.

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29

Baldassari, Simona, Chiara Cervetto, Sarah Amato, Floriana Fruscione, Ganna Balagura, Simone Pelassa, Ilaria Musante, et al. "Vesicular Glutamate Release from Feeder-Free hiPSC-Derived Neurons." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 10545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810545.

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Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent one of the main and powerful tools for the in vitro modeling of neurological diseases. Standard hiPSC-based protocols make use of animal-derived feeder systems to better support the neuronal differentiation process. Despite their efficiency, such protocols may not be appropriate to dissect neuronal specific properties or to avoid interspecies contaminations, hindering their future translation into clinical and drug discovery approaches. In this work, we focused on the optimization of a reproducible protocol in feeder-free conditions able to generate functional glutamatergic neurons. This protocol is based on a generation of neuroprecursor cells differentiated into human neurons with the administration in the culture medium of specific neurotrophins in a Geltrex-coated substrate. We confirmed the efficiency of this protocol through molecular analysis (upregulation of neuronal markers and neurotransmitter receptors assessed by gene expression profiling and expression of the neuronal markers at the protein level), morphological analysis, and immunfluorescence detection of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic markers at synaptic boutons. The hiPSC-derived neurons acquired Ca2+-dependent glutamate release properties as a hallmark of neuronal maturation. In conclusion, our study describes a new methodological approach to achieve feeder-free neuronal differentiation from hiPSC and adds a new tool for functional characterization of hiPSC-derived neurons.

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30

Oliveira, Eline dos Santos, Júlia Helena Passos Veloso, and Hygor Aristides Victor Rossoni. "Aplicação do protocolo de avaliação rápida (par) na caracterização da qualidade ambiental de trechos do Rio Piumhi, Minas Gerais - Brasil." ForScience 9, no. 2 (July 27, 2021): e00968. http://dx.doi.org/10.29069/forscience.2021v9n2.e968.

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Nas últimas décadas, os ecossistemas aquáticos têm sido alterados de maneira significativa. Diante disso, faz-se necessária a conservação dos recursos hídricos. O objetivo deste trabalho é estimar a qualidade ambiental do Rio Piumhi, que já sofreu transposição de suas águas, por meio de protocolo de avaliação rápida das características da água e sedimentos, situação e estado de conservação das margens, matas ciliares, cobertura vegetal e presença de erosão e assoreamento. A aplicação do protocolo gera empoderamento da sociedade quanto à gestão dos recursos hídricos. O protocolo com treze parâmetros foi aplicado em seis locais sujeitos às atividades humanas, na qual foram atribuídas pontuações. Foi possível constatar que três dos seis locais analisados se encontraram em boa, um em ótima e dois em regular condição. A maior parte dos locais apresentou cobertura vegetal nativa degradada, sendo urgente a preservação desse curso hídrico. Palavras-chave: Rio Piumhi. Protocolo de avaliação rápida. Bacia hidrográfica. Application of the rapid evaluation protocol (rep) on the characterization of the environmental quality of the Rio Piumhi sections, Minas Gerais - Brazil Abstract In recent decades, aquatic ecosystems have changed significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve water resources. The objective of this work is to estimate the environmental quality of the Piumhi River, which has already undergone transposition of its waters, by means of a rapid evaluation protocol of water and sediment characteristics, situation and state of conservation of banks, riparian forests, vegetation cover and presence of erosion and siltation. The application of the protocol generates the empowerment of society regarding the management of water resources. The protocol with thirteen parameters was applied in six locations subject to human activities, in which scores were assigned. It was possible to verify that three of the six places analyzed were in good condition, one in excellent condition and two in regular condition. Most of the locations had degraded native vegetation cover, making it imperative to preserve this water course Keywords: Piumhi River. Rapid evaluation protocol. Watershed.

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31

Sathyan, Sabin, Aleksandra Tolmacheva, Sergei Tugin, Jyrki P. Mäkelä, Anastasia Shulga, and Pantelis Lioumis. "A New Paired Associative Stimulation Protocol with High-Frequency Peripheral Component and High-Intensity 20 Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation—A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 11224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111224.

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Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is a stimulation technique combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) that can induce plastic changes in the human motor system. A PAS protocol consisting of a high-intensity single TMS pulse given at 100% of stimulator output (SO) and high-frequency 100-Hz PNS train, or “the high-PAS” was designed to promote corticomotoneuronal synapses. Such PAS, applied as a long-term intervention, has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Adding a second TMS pulse, however, rendered this protocol inhibitory. The current study sought for more effective PAS parameters. Here, we added a third TMS pulse, i.e., a 20-Hz rTMS (three pulses at 96% SO) combined with high-frequency PNS (six pulses at 100 Hz). We examined the ability of the proposed stimulation paradigm to induce the potentiation of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in five human subjects and described the safety and tolerability of the new protocol in these subjects. In this study, rTMS alone was used as a control. In addition, we compared the efficacy of the new protocol in five subjects with two PAS protocols consisting of PNS trains of six pulses at 100 Hz combined with (a) single 100% SO TMS pulses (high-PAS) and (b) a 20-Hz rTMS at a lower intensity (three pulses at 120% RMT). The MEPs were measured immediately after, and 30 and 60 min after the stimulation. Although at 0 and 30 min there was no significant difference in the induced MEP potentiation between the new PAS protocol and the rTMS control, the MEP potentiation remained significantly higher at 60 min after the new PAS than after rTMS alone. At 60 min, the new protocol was also more effective than the two other PAS protocols. The new protocol caused strong involuntary twitches in three subjects and, therefore, its further characterization is needed before introducing it for clinical research. Additionally, its mechanism plausibly differs from PAS with high-frequency PNS that has been used in SCI patients.

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32

Wang, Xiaoming, Demin Li, Xiaolu Zhang, and Yongsheng Cao. "MCDM-ECP: Multi Criteria Decision Making Method for Emergency Communication Protocol in Disaster Area Wireless Network." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8071165.

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Disaster Area Wireless Networks (DAWNs) are widely deployed in natural or man-made disaster scenes, since the communication infrastructure may be completely destroyed by the disaster. This paper proposes a hybrid network architecture for DAWNs due to the mobility of first responders and refugees. Based on the link characterization of DAWNs, we choose four essential criteria and propose a multi-criteria decision-making method for emergency communication protocol (MCDM-ECP), which utilizes the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to find the optimal next-hop node in DAWNs. Routing discovery and routing maintenance processes are included in the novel protocol. The simulation results show that MCDM-ECP performs better than other classical protocols both in energy consumption and packet received rate (PRR) for long-term emergency communications.

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33

Mirenda, R. J., and W. S. Hall. "The Application of Effluent Characterization Procedures in Toxicity Identification Evaluations." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (February 1, 1992): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0075.

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A toxicity characterization protocol has been developed which incorporates many of the effluent fractionation techniques described in other procedural manuals and papers. The objective of this protocol is not only to determine the categorical source of toxicity, but also to provide an insight as to the appropriate treatment(s) which will result in toxicity reduction. This protocol has been applied to a variety of freshwater and saltwater municipal and industrial effluents. These applications have tested both fish and invertebrates and have been used to assess acute as well as chronic toxicity. The results of several studies are provided and discussed as to their success in identifying the toxic component(s) and/or providing a treatment option to alleviate the toxicity problem. A review of the limitations and precautions associated with these procedures and with data interpretation is also presented.

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Arapitsas, Panagiotis, Daniele Perenzoni, Graziano Guella, and Fulvio Mattivi. "Improving the Phloroglucinolysis Protocol and Characterization of Sagrantino Wines Proanthocyanidins." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041087.

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Proanthocyanidins are key metabolites that explain wine sensorial character (bitterness and astringency) and red wine color changes during aging. Therefore, a fast and accurate method to evaluate the degree of polymerization and the structural composition of the polymeric proanthocyanidins is a crucial analytical tool. Phloroglucinolysis is the most used method for this analysis but, unfortunately, the phloroglucinol adducts of the monomeric flavan-3-ols are not commercially available, making the results less accurate. The aim of this work was the isolation by semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of these non-commercial compounds and their use for the development of an accurate UHPLC-MS/MS protocol. The purity of each adduct was established via quantitative 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements with 3-trimethylsilyl-propionic-d4 acid sodium salt as the calibration standard. The developed method was applied to evaluate the proanthocyanidins profile of Sagrantino di Montefalco wines in comparison to other well-known tannic wines. Commercial, 6–8 years old Sagrantino wines were demonstrated to be very rich in epicatechin type B procyanidins, to have low galloylation %, and to have a high mean degree of polymerization of the proanthocyanidins with respect to the other analyzed wines.

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Álvarez, V., J. Agramunt, M. Ball, M. Batallé, J. Bayarri, F. I. G. Borges, H. Bolink, et al. "SiPMs coated with TPB: coating protocol and characterization for NEXT." Journal of Instrumentation 7, no. 02 (February 22, 2012): P02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/7/02/p02010.

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Rodriguez-Blanco, J. D., S. Shaw, and L. G. Benning. "How to make ‘stable’ ACC: protocol and preliminary structural characterization." Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 1 (February 2008): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.283.

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AbstractA reproducible and simple protocol to synthesize and stabilize the metastable CaCO3·nH2O phase termed amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) was developed in order to allow the characterization of its structure at the nanoscale using high-resolution microscopy combined with Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. ‘Stable’ ACC consists of relatively smooth spherical particles, 50—200 nm in size, that have XRD and Raman patterns with no intense peaks or sharp bands, as expected from amorphous material. Furthermore, high-resolution imaging also supports this finding but in addition, beam-damage induced crystallization and the concomitant formation of locally ordered domains in the ACC spheres are discussed.

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Capriglione, Domenico, Luigi Ferrigno, Vincenzo Paciello, Antonio Pietrosanto, and Alfredo Vaccaro. "Experimental characterization of consensus protocol for decentralized smart grid metering." Measurement 77 (January 2016): 292–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.09.024.

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Dehaut, Alexandre, Anne-Laure Cassone, Laura Frère, Ludovic Hermabessiere, Charlotte Himber, Emmanuel Rinnert, Gilles Rivière, et al. "Microplastics in seafood: Benchmark protocol for their extraction and characterization." Environmental Pollution 215 (August 2016): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.018.

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CHELLIAH, JEYANANTHAN, and HAROLD BAUM. "An improved immunoblotting protocol for the characterization of mitochondrial antigens." Biochemical Society Transactions 16, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0160053.

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Zimmermann, Eugen, Ka Kan Wong, Michael Müller, Hao Hu, Philipp Ehrenreich, Markus Kohlstädt, Uli Würfel, et al. "Characterization of perovskite solar cells: Towards a reliable measurement protocol." APL Materials 4, no. 9 (September 2016): 091901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4960759.

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Yang, Zhihua, Ruhai Wang, Qian Yu, Xue Sun, Mauro De Sanctis, Qinyu Zhang, Jianling Hu, and Kanglian Zhao. "Analytical characterization of licklider transmission protocol (LTP) in cislunar communications." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 50, no. 3 (July 2014): 2019–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.120746.

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Callejas-Cuervo, Mauro, Manuel Andrés Vélez-Guerrero, and Andrea Catherine Alarcón-Aldana. "Characterization of Wireless Data Transmission over Wi-Fi in a Biomechanical Information Processing System." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 29, no. 54 (November 6, 2019): e10228. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v29.n54.2020.10228.

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This paper presents a characterization of the wireless transmission of biomechanical signals in an embedded system, where a TCP protocol is used in an IEEE 802.11 communications network (Wi-Fi). The embedded system under study, called Imocap, allows the collection, analysis and transmission of biomechanical signals in real-time for various applications, among which the analysis of the movement of the lower and upper extremities and the operation of various control systems stand out. To accomplish this, Imocap is equipped with a Wi-Fi transceiver module (ESP8266) and various input and output peripherals. The wireless communication performance of Imocap, exposed in this paper, was analyzed through different tests in miscellaneous conditions like indoors, outdoors and in the presence of interference, noise and other wireless networks. The different test protocols conducted result in the Imocap system: 1) has a maximum effective range of 45.6 m when in Access Point mode; 2) has a maximum effective range of 44.3 m when in Station mode. In indoors and under the same conditions, the Imocap system: 3) has a maximum effective range of 81.25 m2, either Access Point or Station mode. The results showed that the transmission of biomechanical information through Wi-Fi using the TCP protocol is efficient and robust, both indoors and outdoors, even in environments of radio frequency interference. The use of this protocol is emphasized since its use allows the transmission of packages to be carried out in a controlled manner, allowing the error handling and recovery. In this way, it is possible to carry out efficient and robust wireless communication through embedded and portable devices, focusing mainly on areas such as medicine, telemedicine and telerehabilitation.

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Fremy, J. Marc, Ewald Usleber, F. Chu, I. Garthwaite, A. Lee, C. Maragos, and G. Ware. "Policy on Characterization of Antibodies Used in Immunochemical Methods of Analysis for Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 86, no. 4 (July 1, 2003): 868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/86.4.868.

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Abstract The purpose of this document is to provide a policy on antibody characterization for conducting AOAC collaborative studies for immunochemical methods submitted for AOAC®Official MethodsSM Program status. The policy defines recommended information and characteristics to be provided by the Study Director, in the protocol of the collaborative study, for approval by AOAC. The document specifies parameters for characterization of antibodies used as biological reagent in the protocol of validation of immunochemical methods for the determination of mycotoxins and phycotoxins. These recommendations are applicable to the validation of any method, whether proprietary or non-proprietary, that is submitted to AOAC for Official Methods of AnalysisSM status recognition.

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Siqueira, Maria Isabel Cavalcante, Miriã Cândida Oliveira, Maria Eduarda Moreira Lino, Shayra Kellen Arantes Souza, Guilherme Augusto Moreira Silva, Renata Silva Rosa Tomaz, Marilúcia De Morais Carrijo, et al. "International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC). A new collaborative global platform for global clinical trials targeting post-COVID19 patients." Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal 20 (November 1, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2022.20.1254.

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Background: In response to the pandemic caused by COVID-19, World Health Organization (WHO), together with International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC), developed research protocols facilitating global collaboration and accelerating the understanding of the disease, to identify the potential symptoms and persistent sequelae in infected individuals, which can be used in different areas of health, that is, in primary care, at a hospital or outpatient level, both public and private. Objective: To describe the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) protocol as a new global collaborative platform for global clinical trials targeting post-COVID-19 patients. Methods: The standardized forms were developed from the COVID-19 Clinical Characterization Protocol (PCC) by the ISARIC/WHO working group composed of specialist researchers with experience in clinical research in different areas of medicine and public health, especially outbreaks and infectious diseases. Conclusion: It is expected that the creation of a database composed of different populations from all over the world will help in the characterization of risk factors, in the best form of clinical intervention and in the best prevention strategies for physical, neurological and psychosocial sequelae in the medium and long term in post-COVID-19 patients.

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Cao, Guanglong, Cheng Huang, Tong Li, Yahui Zhang, and Mingfa Ren. "Mechanical Characterization of 2219 Aluminum Alloy Welded Joints Under Bi-Axial Loading." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, no. 08 (September 2019): 1950077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825119500777.

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The mechanical performances of welded joints under bi-axial loading are significant to the reliability of various engineering structures. However, the protocol for the mechanical characterization of welded joints still needs to be improved to represent the mechanical performances of welded joints under complex loading conditions. In this work, an experimental design is proposed for the mechanical characterization of 2219 aluminum alloy welded joints. The target is to investigate the effects of combined tensile-shear load on the mechanical responses and failure behavior of 2219 aluminum alloy welded joints. The tensile-shear characterization was then conducted using a newly developed U-notch aluminum alloy welded joints specimen. In addition, standard tensile test and standard shear test were conducted to validate of the U-notch specimen design. This newly proposed experimental protocol is suitable to obtain mechanical properties of 2219 aluminum alloy welded joints subjected to tensile-shear load.

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Loi, Giada, Gaia Stucchi, Franca Scocozza, Laura Cansolino, Francesca Cadamuro, Elena Delgrosso, Federica Riva, Cinzia Ferrari, Laura Russo, and Michele Conti. "Characterization of a Bioink Combining Extracellular Matrix-Like Hydrogel with Osteosarcoma Cells: Preliminary Results." Gels 9, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9020129.

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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting allows the production of artificial 3D cellular microenvironments thanks to the controlled spatial deposition of bioinks. Proper bioink characterization is required to achieve the essential characteristics of printability and biocompatibility for 3D bioprinting. In this work, a protocol to standardize the experimental characterization of a new bioink is proposed. A functionalized hydrogel based on gelatin and chitosan was used. The protocol was divided into three steps: pre-printing, 3D bioprinting, and post-printing. For the pre-printing step, the hydrogel formulation and its repeatability were evaluated. For the 3D-bioprinting step, the hydrogel-printability performance was assessed through qualitative and quantitative tests. Finally, for the post-printing step, the hydrogel biocompatibility was investigated using UMR-106 cells. The hydrogel was suitable for printing grids with good resolution from 4 h after the cross-linker addition. To guarantee a constant printing pressure, it was necessary to set the extruder to 37 °C. Furthermore, the hydrogel was shown to be a valid biomaterial for the UMR-106 cells’ growth. However, fragmentation of the constructs appeared after 14 days, probably due to the negative osteosarcoma-cell interference. The protocol that we describe here denotes a strong approach to bioink characterization to improve standardization for future biomaterial screening and development.

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Lindstrand, Mikael. "High-Entropy Optically Variable Device Characterization – Facilitating Multimodal Authentication and Capture of Deep Learning Data." Electronic Imaging 2020, no. 4 (January 26, 2020): 219–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.4.mwsf-219.

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A previously presented multidimensional high-fidelity optical instrument is able to characterize the perceptually significant features of Optically Variable Devices (OVDs). This high-entropy digital information source facilitates the adoption of algorithmicbased communication protocol, and principally new services of which a few will be presented. This detailed characterization is significant for a forensic or reference tool but overly redundant for most authentication applications. Thereby, the high-entropy full characterization ability may reside at the trusted forensic authority. Distributed in a potential hostile environment are authentication devices of desirably lower characterization capabilities optimized for authentication and operational capabilities, and low cost. This protocol resembles well with the information security principle admitting information access on a need-to-know basis. Such devices may be vital improving the OVD ratio of inspection. In a high-security application, the redundant OVD characterization facilitates challenge-response authentication, including single-use codes, prohibiting eavesdropping replyattacks. More significantly, an intertwined multimodal (electrooptical) communication protocol is described, in which OVDassisted authentication cooperates with cryptographic algorithms improving e.g. the sensitive access control of electronic machinereadable travel documents, eMRTD. The characterization method, focusing only on overt (first-line inspection accessible) OVD features, facilitates inspection method monitoring, promoting this other example of multimodal (humaninstrument) services, e.g. indicating possible first-line or instrument inspection shortcomings. A combination of high-entropy and low cost instruments may be essential capturing necessary high quality, representative and large volume data for robust response deep learning algorithms, a challenge in part due to the variation of circulation caused degradation of OVD optical performance. These services illustrate how OVD inherent capabilities may be better captured and exploited, facilitated by the described highentropy characterization tool.

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Kerensky, Max, Ruixing Liang, Eli Curry, Nitish Thakor, Nicholas Theodore, and Amir Manbachi. "513 Towards Obtaining One Billion Recordings Per Cubic Millimeter for the Validation of Focused Ultrasound Transducers: How Can Robust Systems Help With Translational Activities?" Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 6, s1 (April 2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2022.307.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The first aim was to construct a controlled and high resolution FUS water tank characterization system with 1 micron step-sizes. The second aim was to create two unique standardized protocols for mapping the generated acoustic field from FUS transducers; protocol one maps the full 3D field while protocol two rapidly detects changes to the original plot. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To accomplish aim one, the focused ultrasound mapping platform was constructed with a water conditioning unit for water degassing and temperature control, a three-axis stage with 1 micron step-size capabilities, and a data plotting software. To measure the outcomes of aim one, the water temperature was monitored, and axis step sizes were measured through ten independent axis translation recordings. To accomplish aim two, FUS acquisitions were executed at different resolutions. For FUS localization at the cellular level, a 1-5 micron step size is required. Once the initial scan was performed, duplicate scans were executed to detect inherent perturbations or errors in the system. Once calculated, the best methods of detecting true changes to FUS signals are proposed. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The FUS characterization system maintained water temperature and performed 1 micron step-sizes. While pre-existing platforms have demonstrated a resolution of one thousand recordings per cubic millimeter, the proposed system (time and computing power willing) can record one billion recordings per cubic millimeter. In practice, a resolution of 20 micron was sufficient for non-cellular level FUS characterizations. Successive 2D scans were reliably stacked to form a 3D rendering of the generated acoustic field with the average focal point intensity yielding a 1% coefficient of variation between identical scans. This inherent variation can be used as the threshold of significance for true change detection; to rapidly detect changes to the FUS signal, sampling can be performed at regions of high baseline values. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Focused ultrasound medical devices are gaining popularity for treatments including tumor ablation, neuromodulation, and drug delivery; however, the field lacks a standardized method to characterize these FUS transducers. The presented platform and protocols enable a rigorous and high quality translation through verification and validation.

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Betti, Michele, Caterina Ciacci, Sigal Abramovich, and Fabrizio Frontalini. "Protein Extractions from Amphistegina lessonii: Protocol Development and Optimization." Life 11, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11050418.

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Proteins are essential to life, and the evaluation of their content, identification, and modification represents a fundamental assay in biochemistry research. Different analytical techniques and protocols have been specifically designed but have rarely been compared. Here, we test and compare a variety of methodologies and treatments for the quantification of proteins in Amphistegina lessonii, a larger symbiont-bearing benthic foraminiferal species. These analyses specifically include (a) lysis buffer (homemade vs. RIPA), (b) protein assays (Lowry, BCA, and Bradford), (c) ultrasonic bath treatment, and (d) protein staining (silver staining vs. Coomassie blue). On the basis of the comparative outcome, we suggest using the homemade lysis buffer, Lowry or BCA assays, ultrasonic bath treatment, and silver stain to maximize the extraction and characterization of protein for A. lessonii. This protocol might be suitable and extended to other benthic foraminiferal species, including the smaller ones.

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Liu, Wei, Xinxin He, Zhitong Huang, and Yuefeng Ji. "Transmission Capacity Characterization in VANETs with Enhanced Distributed Channel Access." Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030340.

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The traditional research on the capacity of the Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) mainly lacks realistic models mimicking the behaviors of vehicles and the MAC protocol applied by IEEE 802.11p. To overcome these drawbacks, in this paper, the network transmission capacity analysis for VANETs is carried out from the perspective of the spatial geometric relationship among different vehicles. Specifically, the transmission scheme in this system is set to mimic enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) protocol, in which the division of priorities is taken into account both the data type and the transmission distance requirement. Meanwhile, the moving pattern of vehicles is described as the classic car-following model according to realistic characteristics of VANET, and the propagation channel is modeled as a combination of large-scale path-loss and small-scale Rayleigh fading. Based on this model, the transmission opportunity under EDCA protocol is quantified and compared with that of CSMA/CA, and then the outage probability is calculated under the worst interfered scenario. Finally, the transmission capacity is thereby calculated and verified by the simulation results.

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