Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protéines végétales dans l'alimentation humaine – Qualité'
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Lavoignat, Mélanie. "Identification des facteurs génétiques et environnementaux impactant la qualité santé des protéines du grain de blé tendre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2023UCFA0084_LAVOIGNAT.pdf.
Full textPlant proteins quality is a major issue in the context of global changes and considering the need for a healthy, safe and sustainable diet. The wheat grain proteins provide almost 20 % of adult nitrogen intake. Their health quality notably relies on a high content of essential amino acids, the absence of precursors of harmful molecules such as acrylamide, and a more digestible gluten. Abiotic stresses due to climate change and changes in agronomic practices are environmental factors that impacts the protein and amino acid content and composition of grain, and therefore the health quality of proteins. Little is known about the influence of genetic and environmental factors and their interaction on the health quality of grain proteins. Therefore, the aim of this PhD is to quantify and characterize the genetic diversity of bread wheats grown under environmental constraints that are suitable to obtaining processed products with high protein digestibility and low acrylamide content. Based on a ‘field to fork' approach, the partial in vitro digestion of breads from 34 genotype-environment combinations were used to assess the influence of wheat grain phenotypic variations on the digestibility of bread proteins. This work revealed genotypic variability in the degree of protein hydrolysis, which would depend on the protein content and composition of the flour used for bread-making. However, there were no significant difference for bread protein partial digestibility between old and modern varieties. Peptidomic analysis of the gastric and jejunal compartments of the in vitro digestion model indicates that the abundance of the released peptides differs according to the genotypes and their growing environment. The concentration of free asparagine in the grain, a precursor to acrylamide formation, varies according to genotype and environment factors. It is controlled by several QTLs, but none of which is common to several environments. Ultimately, these results provide new insights into the genetic and environmental factors influencing the health quality of wheat grain proteins, towards selecting varieties with higher protein digestibility and lower acrylamide content
Mrejen, Marie. "Place de l'arginine dans les propriétés anti-athéromateuses des protéines végétales." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P001.
Full textRozan, Pascale. "Traitements technologiques et prise alimentaire : exemple du tourteau de colza industriel." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10026.
Full textJuillet, Barbara. "Modélisation compartimentale du métabolisme inter-régional de l'azote alimentaire et des cinétiques de l'urée à l'état nouri non-stationnaire chez l'homme." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAP0031.
Full textGauvin, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude de l'extraction des protéines de pois chiche ("Cicer arietinum") en vue d'une application industrielle." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P057.
Full textBasse, Benoît. "Valorisation de la graine d'arachide broyée : rôle des différentes fractions dans la structuration par gélification d'une suspension aqueuse." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB006.
Full textThe peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) is a legume widely consumed in southern countries (Africa, Asia and South-America). In these countries, it is an inexpensive, local food and a quality nutritional intake. However, alternative consumption patterns to raw peanut seed are rare. The company Onyx Développement has developed innovative food products based on gelled groundnut suspensions. The objective of this thesis is to study the structuring mechanisms of these suspensions (via different physical and enzymatic processes), and the structural properties of the gels formed. Peanut suspensions were prepared by grinding, in the presence of salt water, previously bleached seeds. We have shown that these suspensions can gel by processes usually used to form protein gels (acidification, heat treatment or enzymatic action). The suspensions were fractionated and each fraction was characterized in terms of composition and its role in the gelling process studied. The structural properties of the gels were evaluated by rheology and the microstructure of the network was observed by confocal microscopy. The extraction of proteins at different ionic strengths allowed us to preferentially solubilize certain globulins (arachin or conarachin) and their respective contribution to the gel structure was characterized. The effect of protein concentration, lipid fraction and particulate solid fraction were characterized in particular on gels obtained by heat treatment, with or without enzymatic pre-treatment with transglutaminase
Yousseef, Manhal. "Compréhension et analyse alimentaire d'un mix fermenté de protéines animales / protéines végétales : influence sur la physico-chimie et l'acceptabilité des produits obtenus." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK043/document.
Full textMany problems have been identified following the attempts to incorporate vegetal proteins in our food. In particular, off-flavor, taste or texture have been highlighted as real barriers to the acceptability of plant products by consumers. The consumer himself is also an important determinant regarding the term "acceptability." So, in order to develop a new fermented product based on pea, two issues were studied: the product and the consumer. To understand the physico-chemical properties and the acceptability of pea protein-based fermented products, several factors have been investigated in successive stages such as culture, positive health and environmental claims, lactic acid bacteria strains and preparation processes. From the first sensory tests, it was clear that it will not be easy to convince consumers to buy the pea-based fermented product: French consumers did not accept products even in a lower concentration of pea (10%). Neither the familiarity to close products nor encouraging consumers to accept this type of food by transmitting positive messages about vegetal protein were efficient enough. Thus, a second series of studies was carried out in order to optimize the rheologic and organoleptic properties of these products. Best combination of 1- starter culture (S. thermophilus + Lb. bulgaricus) 2- raw material (pea globulin isolated in our laboratory) 3- preparation parameters (mixing both milk before heat treatment at 90 ° C) were selected to optimize the fermented products in terms of volatile compounds and peptide profiles, acidity and firmness. Finally, from the sensory point of view, a slight improvement in the acceptability was noticed. 20% of pea protein gave a product accepted by most of the consumers, and 40% of pea protein was assessed positively by some consumers and negatively by others
Zerifi, Abdelrazak. "Méthode électrophorétique pour l'identification des espèces d'origine dans les produits carnés soumis à un traitement thermique." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT037A.
Full textDenizot, Etienne. "Utilisation de la spectrophotométrie dérivée et de la fluorescence synchrone et dérivée en analyse agroalimentaire. Application au dosage des protéines dans le lait." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P265.
Full textDe, Francesco Matilde. "Effets de l'apport protéique d'origine végétale sur la croissance et la qualité de la chair chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) et la dorade (Sparus aurata)." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12841.
Full textLima, Nascimento Luis Gustavo. "Casein hydrogels : Interaction with bioactive compounds and vegetable proteins." Thesis, Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2022/2022ULILR029.pdf.
Full textHydrogels are three-dimensional networks able to entrap a high amount of water. They can be formed by a wide range of polymers alone or in combination and have different applications depending on their composition and rheological features such as in tissue engineering, drug delivery, or food application. In the food industry, hydrogels are mainly designed to work as a carrier system of bioactive compounds or to tailor the texture, mouthfeel, and water retention of foods. The facility to modulate Casein micelles (CMs) structure and interactions by application of physical, chemical, or enzymatic treatments, makes it an excellent protein matrix for the hydrogel's formulation. Because of the good digestibility of caseins, the use of CMs can be particularly valuable to deliver bioactive by oral ingestion. Moreover, the use of casein hydrogels can be also a way to incorporate more plant proteins into human food. The mixtures of plant proteins with caseins have been viewed as a more sustainable alternative to a diet based mainly on animal proteins. Since, in the mixture, the drawbacks of pure plant protein products, such as beany taste and low solubility, could be potentially diminished by the presence of caseins. Nevertheless, the CMs' interactions with micro molecules such as bioactive compounds or macromolecules such as proteins can alter the features of the gel. Thus, this study proposed the utilization of casein-based hydrogel in two distinct applications, i. in association with bioactive compounds extracted from Jabuticaba fruit with the use of transglutaminase for modulation of gels' microstructure and ii. in association with pea proteins (in different ratios) submitted to process conditions usually applied in the food industry such as thermal treatment and acidification, in addition, high-intensity ultrasounds also were applied to improve the gelling properties of the mixed systems of CMs: pea. The addition of the bioactive extract in the gels decreased the gel elasticity and increase the pore sizes. However, these effects were contra-balanced by using transglutaminase as the crosslinking agent, which could modulate the release of the bioactive extracts from the gel. In the CMs: pea proteins systems, the heat treatment increased the elasticity of the systems with a higher impact in the systems with more pea protein. The network reinforcement is caused mainly by physical interactions between pea proteins, with disulfide bonds occurring only between proteins of the same source. During acidification, the replacement of 20 and 40% of CMs for pea protein disturbed the initial steps of CMs network formation, however, the final gel elasticity was higher than pure CMs gel due to the formation of the pea's network. In general, the proteins of different sources form independent protein networks even in high concentrations. Despite the reduced interaction between CMs and pea proteins, their distribution in the gel is responsible for modulating the final stiffness. In addition, the application of high-intensity ultrasound in the mixed suspensions increased the elasticity of the acid gels up to 10 times, depending on the protein ratio. This study shows that the association of CMs with bioactive molecules or pea proteins in gelled systems has the potential for the development of functional foods or foods with totally new rheological features
El, youssef Cynthia. "Sensory benefits provided by selected microorganisms for the fermentation of plant matrices." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB027.
Full textThe new food trend in favor of the increasing consumption of plant proteins is mainly linked to the negative effects of products of animal origin on health and environment. To meet consumers’ needs, agro-food industries are working on the development of plant protein-based products.Among the different sources of proteins, pea (Pitsum sativum) offers environmental, technological and nutritional advantages. However, its use in the formulation of products remains strongly hampered by the presence of off-flavors, described mainly as “beany”, “green” and “vegetable”. Fermentation is one of the means that could be chosen to modify the quality of these products.Therefore, this research consisted of studying the impact of fermentation on the sensory perception of a pea protein yoghurt-like product. Microbiological, physico-chemical and sensory methods were implemented.The molecules responsible for off flavors in the unfermented matrix were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Aldehydes, particularly hexanal, furans, alcohols and ketones are the major molecules present in this initial matrix.A variety of preselected microorganisms were cultured on this matrix, and their acidification and aromatization capacities were evaluated. Consortia of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were selected, based on the desired functionalities that each provides.The modification of the sensory perception of fermented products was confirmed by sensory analyses. The origin of this improvement might be related to the production of fruity aromas by the yeasts and / or the degradation of off-flavors.In order to get a better understanding of this phenomenon, sensory analyses on model solutions of the targeted molecules (recombination and omission experiments) were performed.In parallel, molecular fingerprinting by gas chromatography coupled with olfactometry were carried out on the fermented products.Hence, the produced esters by yeasts played a decisive role in improving the sensory perception of pea protein fermented products. Regarding the molecules responsible for defects, the dominant impact of certain molecules including hexanal and 2-pentylfuran has been highlighted. Nevertheless, the effect of other off-flavor molecules, remaining in the fermented matrix, still needs further exploration. In particular, the perception threshold in these matrices needs to be determined and the interaction effects require exploration.To conclude, this industrial thesis allowed to file a patent pertaining to the development of an innovative ingredient, resulting from the combination of a fermentation process and stabilization by drying
Defaix, Claire. "Développement de stratégies originales d'extraction des protéines du tourteau de colza pour la production d'isolats par une démarche de modélisation / optimisation multicritères." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0176.
Full textProteins are major nutrients for nutrition: they are consumed by the ingestion of products naturally rich in proteins, or by food formulation, where proteins are ingredients. Since the 1980s, research projects are carried out to increase the value of rapeseed meal and to use its proteins in human nutrition, as an ingredient, instead of being used for animal nutrition only. In the context of the ever-increasing demography, the use of rapeseed protein has been investigated as a mean to fulfill the needs in proteins worldwide. Rapeseed meal is composed of two main storage proteins, albumin and globulin, with an amino acid profile balanced regarding sulfuric and lysine residues. Moreover, to be used as ingredient, it is crucial that these proteins are soluble and functional (to form foams, emulsions, gels). The physico-chemical properties of albumin and globulin are different. That is why, it is of interest to make two distinct ingredients. The main objective of the thesis was to develop strategies to extracts these proteins to use it as ingredients (isolate grade). To do so, an approach based on modelling by design of experiments, and on multicriteria optimization through genetico-evolutionary algorithms, was applied to better understand the phenomenon at play during extraction. The first part of the thesis consisted in the development of an analytical method that would allow the separate quantification of both protein contents. This method, developed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Size-Exclusion, is original and is calibrationless. Statistics were used to prove the possible substitution of the reference techniques (Kjeldahl, SDS-PAGE densitometry) by this method. Classical processes of extraction are carried out under alkaline conditions to reach high yields. Then, proteins are separated and purified to give two isolates with distinct functional properties. However, these steps imply non-negligible losses and costs. Hence, the second part of the thesis presents a strategy based on selective extraction of proteins with the pH. Modelling and optimization tools were used to identify operating conditions (pH, salt added) resulting in a two-step process. Two scenarios were considered: the production of a unique isolate, a mix of both proteins; or the production of two isolates, albumin and globulin-rich. An original feature of the work was the consideration of the quality of the residual meal. At the end of this process, the meal is very poor in proteins and thus, has low value for animal nutrition. That is why, the third part of the thesis consisted in developing a new strategy to optimize the selective extraction of albumin at acidic pH, to yield two products: a protein isolate, for human nutrition, and a meal rich in globulins for animal nutrition. Modelling and optimization tools were used to assess the impact of three factors: pH, salt content and temperature of the extraction medium. High yields were obtained at 55°C, and the optimal conditions resulted in rapeseed albumin with comparable properties (functional and structural) than at 20°C. Moreover, the residual meal was still valuable with a protein content similar to the initial meal and with less phytic acid, an antinutritional molecule, co-extracted with albumin
Ben, Harb Salma. "Formuler des consortia microbiens pour piloter les propriétés sensorielles de gels à base de protéines de pois : Mieux comprendre l’effet de la matrice et des communautés microbiennes sur les propriétés sensorielles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA045/document.
Full textWestern food systems are not sustainable in terms of environmental impacts and health effects. One solution is to revisit consumption patterns by favoring products based on plant proteins. However, one of the barriers to the introduction plant proteins in our diet is their sensory defects which can be obstacles for the acceptability of products by consumers. Fermentation is an ancient process that could be a solution to this sensory issue. In this context, the aim of this PhD thesis is to study the sensory benefits provided by the fermentation of plant protein-based gels using selected microbial consortia. In order to accomplish this, a strategy combining sensory analyzes, microbiology and physicochemistry was implemented. Two types of matrices containing 10% protein and 10% rapeseed oil were studied: the first consists of 100% pea protein and the second consists of a mixture of milk proteins (50%) and pea proteins (50%).Based on knowledge of the matrix and the functional properties of microorganisms, 56 microbial strains were selected. A reasoned strategy of assembly of these strains was put in place, based on the balanced distribution according to their phylogenetic group, but also on the expert knowledge of the desired aromatic functions. In parallel, several gelling processes were studied to structure the gels. In the first step, the fermentation was studied on non-gelled emulsions to allow the selection of specific microbial communities for each matrix. In the second step, the adaptation and functioning potential of the selected ecosystems were studied on gelled emulsions. The growth and abundance of microorganisms in the gels after three and seven days of fermentation were evaluated on a specific growing medium and the aromatic potential of the consortia was mapped by a sensory panel. In the final section of this study, the sensory defects / benefits of fermentation were studied from a sensorial and analytical point of view. The results show a highpotential for implantation of lactic acid bacteria and the majority of eukaryotes (in particular Mucor and Geotrichum) for the mixed emulsion and for the vegetable emulsion. Although strains belonging to the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria groups are not competitive with endogenous flora (Bacillus), certain species such as Hafnia alvei, Acinetobacter johnsonii and Glutamicibacter arilaitensis, have shown strong growth when inoculated into associations. Specific aromatic notes for each emulsion were generated to mask the green note characteristic of peas. Thus, two consortia were selected on the basis of lactic and fruity notes for the vegetable emulsion (VEGAN), and fruity notes for the mixed emulsion (MEGAN). The adaptation potential of these two consortia depended on the composition and structure of the gel. Thus, the VEGAN consortium seems well suited for vegetable gels and generates roasted / grilled notes, while it generates dairy notes (fresh cream / fresh curd) in the mixed gels. The MEGAN consortium implements itself very well in both types of gels, generating cheesy and fruity notes in the mixed gel, but does not mask the green notes in the vegetable gels. The sensory defects attributed to green notes and bitterness are mainly related to the presence of aldehydes and hydrophobic amino acids respectively, but still need to be deepened. This study validated a proof of concept of formulation of fermented food products and will create opportunities for innovation
Chandrasiri-Posanacharoen, Vasina. "Effet des traitements technologiques sur la valeur nutritionnelle et les propriétés biologiques des protéines de soja (germination-coagulation-fermentation)." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10130.
Full textMezajoug, Kenfack Laurette Blandine. "Propriétés nutritionnelles et fonctionnelles des protéines de tourteaux, de concentrats et d'isolats de Ricinodendron heudelotii (Bail.) Pierre ex Pax et de Tetracarpidium conophorum (Müll. Arg.)." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL013N/document.
Full textThis study was conducted in order to look for alternative sources of proteins having nutraceutic value. The grains of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Bail.) and Tetracarpidium conophorum (Müll. Arg) were first cooked in boiled water at their optimal cooking time for 90 and 30 min respectively. After defating, sieving of the defatted cakes showed that samples with a granulometry of 400 - 500 µm were most representative (more than 70%), containing more proteic nitrogen (6–7 %). Protein concentrates and protein isolates were prepared from defatted cakes respectively in distilled water at pH 4.5 and in NaOH 0.2% (R. heudelotii) and NaCl 0.6M (T. conophorum) at pH 11. Physico-chemical properties of protein concentrates (65 – 75 % of proteins) and protein isolates (81–92 % of proteins) were different from those of the defatted cakes. Water holding (367 – 467 g / 100 g of sample), oil holding (256 – 410 g / 100 g of sample) and foaming capacities (68 – 71 %) were highest with protein isolates whereas gelling (6 – 14 %) and emulsion capacities (63 – 87 %) were highest with concentrates. The amounts of essential amino acids in both defatted flours were comparable to the value in FAO / WHO (2007) scoring pattern. Nitrogen liberated after 6 h of enzymatic digestibility was more than 90 % both in the proteins concentrates and isolates. In vivo studies carried out on 21 ± 3 days old Sprague Dawley male rats for 15 days showed that gain of weight and nitrogen retention parameters were higher for rats that consumed casein and T. conophorum defatted cake. Corrected values of nitrogen digestibility of the analysed samples showed that T. conophorum defatted cake contains protein source with good nutritional quality
Vidal, Lletjós Sandra. "Etude du rôle du niveau d’apport protéique alimentaire sur la réparation épithéliale après inflammation intestinale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA006.
Full textAdvanced mucosal healing, defined by endoscopy as the absence of visible lesions, is considered as a therapeutic goal in the prevention of complications associated with IBD.In this context, the role of dietary protein intake and the protein requirements for mucosal healing have been poorly studied. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of dietary protein intake level on epithelial repair after an acute intestinal inflammatory episode in a murine model of colitis. Firstly, the progression analysis of several modulators involved in the repairing process showed that colonic repair can be initiated and consolidated in the context of inflamed mucosa, associated with persistent alterations of the colonic luminal environment. The effect of three diets with different levels of protein intake (average, moderately high and high) on colon mucosa repair were evaluated in the same model. This study showed that, beyond a threshold, the level of protein intake aggravated and perpetuated colitis. However, a moderately high protein intake was beneficial due to its effect on colonic permeability, cryptic hyper-proliferation, expression of multiple genes encoding repair factors, and composition modulation of the mucosal-adherent microbiota. Finally, both inflammation and dietary protein intake levels altered protein metabolism of other organs at the periphery of the inflammation in association with persistent endotoxemia.This work deepened the understanding of the events involved in the epithelial repair process and their modulation by an increase in the dietary protein intake after an acute episode of colitis