Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protéines NLR'
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Rivoal, Morgane. "Trois stratégies pour cibler RIPK2 en vue d'un traitement des maladies inflammatoires : développement d'inhibiteurs orthostériques, de dégradeurs et d'inhibiteurs d'interaction protéine-protéine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS044.
Full textThe Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a crucial mediator of innate immune signaling pathways, and particularly those initiated by NOD-like receptors (NLRs) NOD1 and NOD2. NOD1/2 - RIPK2 signaling pathways have garnered significant interest as therapeutic targets for various inflammatory diseases. In view of our team's expertise in the field, we decided to focus on these pathways. This project has been divided into several tasks. The first led to the establishment of structure-activity relationships (SAR) of series of small molecule RIPK2 inhibitors. These compounds were for the most part active at the nanomolar range on NOD1 pathway and selective toward this pathway vs NOD2. The second strategy was focused on the development of hydrophobic tagged degraders. Degrading kinases is an emerging strategy and has shown potential for providing greater selectivity compared to conventional inhibitors which is why it was investigated. Finally, the last strategy aimed at the identification of XIAP-RIPK2 interaction inhibitors, essential to the inflammatory pathways, through virtual screening. The desired compounds were synthesized (for the two first tasks) and tested on our team’s biological assays. For the first series of compounds, additional studies were carried out (structural, ADMET, selectivity, in vivo) and confirmed our compounds’ therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases
Martine, Pierre. "Le rôle d'HSP70 sur l'activation de l'inflammasome NLRP3." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCI007.
Full textNLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-protein complex aimed at producing IL-1β in response to danger signals. Gain of function mutations of NLRP3 are responsible for inflammatory diseases, so NLRP3-dependent inflammation required tight regulation. Here we investigated the importance of the stress sensor, Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. First, the lack of HSP70 leads to a worsening of NLRP3-dependent peritonitis in mice. HSP70 deficiency also enhances caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production by murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages (BMDMs) under NLRP3 activators treatment in vitro. These phenomena are associated with an increase in the number and size of ASC/NLRP3 specks. At the opposite side, the overexpression of HSP70 in BMDMs decreases caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production under NLRP3 activators treatment in vitro. One possible explanation of the inhibitory effect of HSP70 is its interaction with NLRP3. A heat shock, used as a way to induce the expression of HSP70 also inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro. Finally, in vivo hyperthermia also inhibits peritonitis features in mice, highlighting the physiological relevance of our observations. This study provides evidences on the inhibitory role of HSP70 on the NLRP3 inflammasome and on the possibility to treat inflammatory diseases by inducing its expression, mainly by hyperthermia
Seco, Martins Marques Neves João Filipe. "NMR study of 14-3-3 protein-protein interactions and modulation thereof by small molecules." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1S108.
Full text14-3-3 proteins are adapter proteins that exert their biological functions by modulating the activity of hundreds of proteins. This remarkable interactome makes 14-3-3 proteins influent actors in many cellular events and, by consequence, in several pathologies. The selective stabilization or inhibition of 14-3-3 protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are therefore seen as promising approaches for finding innovative therapies for a number of conditions like Alzheimer’s, cancer or Parkinson. Our first objective towards finding small molecule modulators of these targets was to obtain the molecular detail of 14-3-3 PPIs. To this end, using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), we assigned the backbone chemical shifts of 14-3-3σ. We then studied the 14-3-3/phosphorylated Tau interaction and found that Tau binds strictly within the amphipathic binding grove of 14-3-3 and can anchor in both monomers of the 14-3-3 dimer. We also studied the 14-3-3/p53 interaction and showed by NMR, that intramolecular interactions within the peptide define a conformation that drives the affinity towards 14-3-3. 2019We then focused on the optimization of NMR assays for screening and characterization of the effect of small-molecules binding to 14-3-3 or 14-3-3 complexes with target’s phosphopeptides. We used, for example, phospho-mimetic peptides to inhibit the Tau/14-3-3 interaction. In a different strategy, we screened a fragment library against 14-3-3σ and found three hits binding to different regions of the protein. Using our NMR assays we further characterized small molecules binding 14-3-3 complexes with, for example, p53 and p65 peptides and demonstrated the stabilization capacity of some compounds
Verdegem, Dries. "Probing the edge of protein (non)-structuration with NMR : a case study of the intrinsically disordered proteins human Tau and HCV NS5A." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10105/document.
Full textMany proteins and protein regions have been shown be intrinsically unstructured/disordered (IUPs) and still carry out diverse and important functions in vivo. The technique of choice for studying IUPs is Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). However, to be able to obtain information of many possible NMR spectra, these must first be assigned. This process is complicated in the case of IUPs by the increased amount of signal overlap. To facilitate the assignment, a graphical semi-automatic assignment tool using the concept of product and sum planes was developed. Using this tool, the study of individual IUPs by NMR became conceivable. A first considered IUP is human Tau. The backbone and Cb resonances have been fully assigned for two Tau fragments (F3 and F5) and partially assigned for full-length Tau P301L. These NMR assignments of Tau could eventually lead to more insight in the structural behaviour of the protein upon its binding to or polymerisation of microtubules, and in its aggregated form which is observed to be one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Secondly, the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) was considered. The structural properties of both the second and third domain (out of three) of this protein have been assessed and some residual a-helical structure was observed, which could be indicative of regions prone to interaction with other cellular partners. We have also examined the interaction between both CypA and CypB and the domains D2 and D3 of NS5A, as these PPIases might be involved in HCV replication
Nars, Guillaume. "Dynamique fonctionnelle des protéines : études d'une lipase et d'une protéine A de la membrane externe de bactérie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30111/document.
Full textUnderstanding the function of proteins and biological systems requires an accurate knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance provide a detailed description of these mechanisms, with an atomic resolution, by providing data on both structures and motions. We investigated two proteins, the lip2 lipase from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and the membrane protein OmpA from the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae. We tried to produce lip2 with uniform and amino-acid specific stable isotope labelling on its functional loop (the lid) for NMR experiments. The homologous recombinant expression in Yarrowia lipolytica turned out to be the most efficient for uniform labelling but failed for specific labelling due to extensive isotope scrambling. We solved the structure of OmpA C-terminal domain by X-ray crystallography, and analyzed its dynamics in solution by NMR (15N relaxation techniques). We characterized its transmembrane N-terminal domain in proteoliposomes by solid state NMR: using state of the art ultra-fast MAS (60 kHz), 1H detection and a 1 GHz spectrometer, we could assign most ?-barrel resonances and establish a NH order parameter profile. In a complementary approach, we used proteolysis to reveal a unique trypsin cleavage site on the extracellular loop 3. Finally, a first characterization of the full-length protein expressed in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli was initiated by solid state NMR on intact outer membranes
Sénicourt, Lucile. "Etudes des protéines membranaires TSPO." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066308/document.
Full textTSPO are five-transmembrane domain proteins that form a protein family highly conserved throughout evolution and that are found in animals as well as in plants and bacteria.Animal TSPO (referred to as TSPO1), the most studied TSPO, is highly expressed in tissues involved in steroid biosynthesis where its precise role remains controversial. In some animal species the presence of a less characterized TSPO isoform, TSPO2, has been reported. TSPO2 was found to be located in the plasma membrane of red blood cells whereas TSPO1 is located in mitochondrial outer membrane. Plant TSPO, which is located in the endoplasmic reticulum, possesses an N-terminal extension that is absent in bacterial and animal TSPO. This TSPO, along with the bacterial TSPO, seems to be involved in stress regulation.The structural and functional studies of TSPO proteins conducted in this work required their production through recombinant expression because they are naturally non-abundant proteins.We made use of E. coli to produce the recombinant 15N,13C-labelled mouse TSPO1. Then the protein purified in detergent was studied through several methods (CD, fluorescence, NMR). High-affinity binding of PK11195 to TSPO1 stabilizes a conformation in DPC, which made possible the structure determination of the protein in solution by NMR by a German team. We have incorporated TSPO1 into DMPC/DPME liposomes in order to provide a native-like environment and we then studied it by solid-state NMR. Preliminary results are encouraging and open up a new approach for TSPO1 structure determination in presence or in absence of ligand.Human TSPO2 overexpression in E. coli proved to be difficult and we therefore use the cell-free method. The amounts we obtained by this method allows us to consider future developments of structurefunction relationship studies.Production and purification of 13C,15N labelled N-terminal of A. thaliana TSPO have made it possible to determine its structure by liquid state NMR. Interaction of this peptide with charged lipids revealed by NMR, suggests a new fonction of AtTSPO in lipid trafficking
Back, Régis. "Études structurales des intéractions protéines-protéines et ARN-protéines impliquées dans l'assemblage des snoRNP à boîtes C/D." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0123/document.
Full textA lot of essential cellular functions like translation, splicing, ribosome biogenesis and telomere replication need the activity of non coding RNPs. The biogenesis of non coding RNPs in eukaryotes is a complex pathway involving numerous cellular factors. For instance, ribosome biogenesis requires more than 150 factors. They are important to facilitate and to control the biogenesis of this essential cellular machinery. These factors include the C/D box snoRNPs. These RNPs are involved in pre-rRNA maturation (post-transcriptional ribose methylation and endo-nucleolytic cleavages). Recently, our laboratory participated to the discovery of snoRNP assembly factors: the Rsa1p protein, R2TP complex (Rvb1p, Rvb2p, Tah1p and Pih1p) and Hit1p in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using a high throughput co-expression approach, we deciphered a network of interactions between RNP core proteins and the assembly factors. Coupled with a limited proteolysis strategy, the co-expression method allowed us to obtain proteins sub-complexes Snu13p/Rsa1p and Rsa1p/Hit1p which are currently studied by NMR. In collaboration with the F. Allain team (ETH Zurich), we also determined the tridimensional structure of protein Tah1p and its complex with the chaperon Hsp90 C-terminal peptide at high resolution. The data obtained reveal a particular mode of association of the Tah1p TPR domain with the Hsp90 peptide
Lavergne, Marilyne. "Rôle des protéines NLRP dans la physiopathologie des membranes foetales humaines." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS025.
Full textInflammation plays a pivotal role in term or preterm fetal membranes (FM) rupture, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this context, studies on inflammasomes, one of the key inflammation actors, recently intensified. These intracellular platforms, formed following a pro-inflammatory signal, are involved in the establishment and propagation of an inflammatory reaction. Their functions in FM begin to be described but grey areas remain. Thus, the aim of this work was to complete the characterization of inflammasomes-dependent inflammatory processes, focusing on NLRP inflammasomes.NLRP inflammasomes are composed of a NLRP receptor, the adapter ASC and the pro-caspase-1. After verifying the presence of these actors in term human FM, we focused our interest on NLRP7 inflammasome. Indeed, its function has been studied in the placental area but never in FM. The stimulation of primary amnion epithelial cells with an NLRP7 inflammasome specific ligand demonstrated (i) an increased protein level of the three actors of this inflammasome (NLRP7, ASC and pro-caspase-1), (ii) the formation of this inflammasome by NLRP7 and ASC colocalization and (iii) the activation of this inflammasome, by cleavages of two end-effectors, pro-caspase-1 and gasdermin D. These results indicate for the first time that FM are able to activate NLRP7 inflammasome signalization in response to a pro-inflammatory signal. Moreover, two natural activators of NLRP7 inflammasome have been newly identified in term human FM: Mycoplasma salivarium and Mycoplasma fermentans. Their presence suggests that NLRP7 inflammasome could play an essential role in inflammatory processes in FM. All this work strongly suggests the involvement of NLRP7 inflammasome in pathophysiology of human FM rupture, which could be a potential therapeutic target to prevent premature rupture of FM
Purusottam, Rudra Narayan. "Towards improved sensitivity of solid-state NMR experiments in biosolids." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066213/document.
Full textNMR in the solid state has become a major tool for morphological characterization, structural and dynamic microcrystalline proteins, polymers, synthetic or natural materials, small molecules of pharmaceutical interest or minerals. Progress in understanding the structure and dynamics of molecular systems in the solid state are very heavily dependent on methodologies implemented in their studies. This thesis in this context carrying the main effort on certain methodological aspects of NMR in the solid state, with the goal of developing new approaches and improve the methods already used and in order to extract optimum specific information on the spin system under study. The fundamental studies of solid biologically relevant systems, the development of new methodologies and a thorough methodological analysis form the core of this thesis with the common denominator for an improvement of the sensitivity of NMR experiments in solid state. The thesis presents the first part of new approaches in structural and dynamic studies microcrystalline proteins, membrane and fibrillar and a dynamic study and conformational channels in phospholipid liposomes. The second part is mainly concentrated on a detailed analysis of some methodological aspects of solid state NMR related heteronuclear dipolar decoupling essential in obtaining high resolution spectra
Mas, Guillaume. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle par RMN d'une chaperonine de 1 MDa en action." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV036/document.
Full textChaperonins are essential molecular chaperons for the refolding of proteins in the cells. Size and complexity of these biological machineries make complex the study of their structural and functional properties. NMR spectroscopy offers an unique ability to monitor structural and dynamic changes in real-time and at atomic resolution. However, the NMR studies of large proteins and complexes has been a real challenge for a long time. In the first part of this thesis, it has been shown that the combination of methyl specific labeling, optimized NMR spectroscopy for large assemblies and electron microscopy can be used to monitor the different states of the functional cycle of a 1 MDa chaperonin. To study this mechanism, the native chaperonin was reconstituted with a labeling of the methionines and valines methyl groups. Methionines residues have been used as probes to identify the NMR spectra corresponding to intermediates states and active species of the functional cycle. Thanks to theses probes, it has been possible to follow in real time the structural rearrangements corresponding to the different conformations of the chaperonin during its functional cycle. The second part deals with the characterization of the interaction between the chaperonin and an unfolded protein. Observation of the stabilization of the unfolded protein by the chaperonin allowed to identify the holdase activity of the chaperonin. Using a clever combination of a differential methyl labeling and optimized NMR spectroscopy for large assemblies, it has been possible to follow the refolding of the unfolded protein by the chaperonin and the effects of the unfolded protein on the functional cycle of the chaperonin in action
Colas, Debled Elisa. "Etude du repliement des protéines au sein d'une chaperonine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV013.
Full textChaperonins are molecular machineries involved in the prevention of protein misfolding. These large macromolecules (approximately 1 MDa) are present in all domains of life and globally organized in two stacked rings on top of one another, hosting a cavity in their respective centers. By hydrolyzing ATP within their cavities, these rings can switch between twomajor structural states, an open and a closed conformation, to trap and refold misfolded proteins. Among the different types of molecular chaperones, chaperonins are of particular interest because their mechanism of action is not yet totally understood.This thesis focused on the study of PhCPN, the Chaperonin fromPyrococcus horikoshii,and its interaction with substrate proteins by various biochemical and biophysical techniques including NMR. In fact, NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool to probe transient interactions in solution, at atomic resolution. Especially, specific isotope labeling of methyl groups is a technique of choice to study huge protein assemblies such as PhCPN chaperonin because they overcome the liquid-state NMR size limitation. To study the protein folding within the cavities of PhCPN, two different model substrate of various sizes and biological functions were selected. Particularly, one of these substrates (Malate Synthase G /MSG) forms amorphous aggregates when submitted to heat while the other (Amylin) is able to self-associate into amyloid fibrils. During this thesis, I have demonstrated that the Chaperonin PhCPN can prevent the aggregation of the chosen substrates.In fact, the PhCPN Chaperonin is able to irreversibly bind thermally unfoldedMSGin a 1/1 ratio. TheMSG/PhCPN complex was isolated and characterized. Especially, theinteraction surface between PhCPN and this large substrate protein was investigated using a combination of NMR and EM.In addition, the inhibition of the Amylin fibrillation by the Chaperonin was investigated using NMR and ThT fluorescence assays. It was shown that the Chaperonin delays the fibrils formation, no matter its oligomeric state. The role of the Chaperonin on the Amylin nucleation and fibril elongation mechanisms was investigated
Sein, Julien. "Dynamics of crystalline proteins by Solid-State NMR." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENSL0531.
Full textSolid-State Nuclear magnetic Resonance (SSNMR) requires advanced experimental methods for structural and dynamic investigations of proteins. In this thesis, first we describe the behavior of a three-spin system during the refocused INADEQUATE (Incredible Natural Abundance Double Quantum Transfer Experiment) experiment and propose a method that leads to pure in-phase spectra, with the help of z-filters. We also demonstrate a method for achieveing high-resolution heteronuclear correlations of microcrystalline samples by employing the band-selective 1H-13C SPECIFIC CP (SPEctrally Induced FILtrering in Combination with Cross-Polarization), and taking advantage of ultraé-fast (>60 kHz) Magic-Angle Spinning (MAS) and low Cross-Polarization (CP). Moreover, site-specific longitudinal relaxation is used as a direct probe of local dynamics. We present a theoretical model to describe the contribution of the 15N-1H dipolar interactions and the 15N CSA to the spin-lattice relaxation. We estimate quantitatively local dynamics from longitudinal relaxation measurement. The influence of MAS rate on the longitudinal relaxation is investigated on a model protein. Crh. In a third part, we analyze intermediate timescale measurement by comparison between relaxation and residual dipolar coupling studies. Finally, contribution of anisotropic collective motions (ACM) to spin-lattice relaxation in the crystal is investigated with a newly developed model. Simulations show that ACM can contribute significantly to longitudinal relaxation and that the development of a new model combining local and collective motions in microcrystalline proteins is needed
Hachet, Virginie. "The role of the adaptor molecule Importin α in nuclear envelope assembly in vitro." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112091.
Full textIn eukaryotes, the nucleus, containing the genetic information, is delimited by the nuclear envelope (NE). During the cell cycle, the NE disassembles and then re-assembles around the chromosomes. The molecular mechanisms underlying NE formation can be studied using a nuclear assembly reconstitution assay based on Xenopus laevis egg extract. We analysed the role of Importin alpha, adaptor molecule involved in the import of NLS-containing proteins. Addition of excess Importin alpha or BSA-NLS substrate to a nuclear assembly reaction inhibits the formation of a NE around chromatin, suggesting a direct or indirect role for the protein in this process. Moreover, addition of affinity purified antibodies directed against Importin alpha or depletion of the endogenous protein from Xenopus egg cytosol inhibits NE formation. Thus, too much or too little Importin alpha negatively affects nuclear assembly in vitro. The balance of Importin apha and NLS proteins in the system is of critical importance. An unexpected finding of our study was that Importin alpha can associate with membranes and that this association is regulated by phosphorylation. We could show that cytosolic Importin alpha is highly phosphorylated as compared to membrane-bound Importin alpha. Phosphorylation of membrane-associated Importin alpha leads to its release from membranes. Phosphopeptide mapping and mutagenesis analysis allowed us to identify some of the phospho-residues within Importin alpha. Using mutant forms of Importin alpha that either do not bind membranes or are not released from them by phosphorylation, we provide evidence that membrane-bound Importin alpha functions in NE formation in vitro
Vernhes, Emeline. "Maturation de la capside du bactériophage T5 : étude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine de décoration pb10." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS465/document.
Full textBacteriophage T5, a lytic phage which infects the bacterium Escherichia coli, is composed of an icosahedral capsid containing a double stranded DNA and a tail responsible for DNA transfer into the host cell cytoplasm. The capsid and the tail are assembled separately and then connected to form infectious viruses. The T5 capsid is first assembled as an empty procapsid composed of 775 copies of the major head protein organized in hexamers on the faces and pentamers on the vertices of the icosahedron. A single vertex is occupied by the portal protein which forms an entry channel for DNA. DNA is packaged through the portal channel by a molecular motor thus triggering procapsid expansion. The DNA-filled capsid is then decorated by the protein pb10 which binds on the outer surface in the center of each hexamer, and closed by the connector protein p144 needed for tail attachment.The goals of my PhD were to characterize the structure, function and mechanisms of capsid binding of both pb10 and p144 proteins. I have produced and purified the head completion protein p144 for future exploration of its structure and capsid binding properties. I have solved the solution structure of the decoration protein pb10 by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thus unravelling that pb10 has two domains. The alpha-helical N-terminal domain binds to the capsid and the immunoglobulin-like C-terminal domain is exposed to the environment. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) showed that that pb10 attachment to the T5 capsid is quasi-irreversible with a picomolar affinity. Site-directed mutagenesis of the binding domain of pb10 suggested that the decoration mechanism is driven by both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fluorescence thermal shift assays (FTSA) demonstrated the role of the decoration protein in capsid stabilization. I have also demonstrated that a large protein can be fused to the C-terminal end of pb10 without affecting its high affinity for the T5 capsid. Capsids can thus be functionalized with a protein of interest fused to pb10. Possible applications of this work include antigen presentation for new vaccines
Laporte, Fanny. "Compréhension des mécanismes de complexation de l'uranyle par les molécules du vivant : élaboration de peptides biomimétiques chélatants pour la détoxification." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV038.
Full textHeavy metals, especially actinides, are toxic for humans. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for their toxicity is an important field of research in toxicology. Uranyl toxicity is still not well understood. The understanding of uranyl interactions at the molecular level is necessary to predict its chemical toxicity and to develop efficient chelating agents. This work aims at identifying uranyl binding sites in proteins and key factors that govern these interactions. To obtain thermodynamic and structural data, strategies were developed to study two proteins predicted as major uranyl targets which present different structures and properties. We took advantage of fetuin-A structure and studied the two structured domain of the protein by complementary physico-chemical methods including multidimensional NMR spectroscopy to acquire structural information on uranyl binding sites in this protein. In order to elucidate interactions between the metal and disordered phosphorylated proteins such as osteopontin, we designed peptides preorganized in β-sheet optimized to coordinate uranyl cation. We introduced amino acids containing phosphate groups and demonstrated that these peptides are relevant models to mimic uranyl binding sites found in phosphorylated proteins. Biomolecules display different structures and properties which may constitute an obstacle to affinity studies. A tool based on a non-natural fluorescent probe was developed to investigate and compare uranyl targets affinities
Bonaccorsi, Marta. "Protein dynamics with fast magic-angle spinning NMR." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN090.
Full textThe aim of my thesis is to develop Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR) to characterize structure and dynamics in complex biological samples, with a particular focus on the role of metal ions in enzymes and channels.MAS NMR is a powerful technique that allows to extract atomic level information, characterize broad timescales of motions, and investigate functional states in native-like sample conditions, a particularly important requirement e.g. for transmembrane proteins in lipid bilayers. Nonetheless, a number of bottlenecks prevents its widespread application in structural biology.In my work I developed and applied tailored techniques based on high magnetic fields (800 MHz and 1 GHz 1H Lamor frequency) and MAS probes with sub-mm diameter rotors spinning at rates above 100 kHz, which contributed to push forward the capability of this technique: i) by enlarging the molecular size of the systems that can be investigated with site specificity; ii) by reducing the requirements in terms of isotopic labeling, notably deuteration; iii) by speeding up the tedious processes of resonance assignment and acquisition of dynamical parameters; iv) by enriching the palette of measurable parameters connected to dynamics.All along this thesis, the methods were benchmarked on microcrystalline samples of the model domain GB1, and applied to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (a dimeric 2x16 kDa Cu metalloenzyme) in functional microcrystalline form, as well as to two transmembrane channels reconstituted in lipid bilayers, bacterial CorA (a pentameric 5x40 kDa cation channel) and human Aqp-1 (tetrameric 4x25 kDa aquaporin-1 water channel). The data obtained shed new light on the relation between internal dynamics and function
Duong, Viêt Dung. "Development of numerical approaches for nuclear magnetic resonance data analysis." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN010/document.
Full textNuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has become one of the most powerful and versatile spectroscopic techniques in analytical chemistry with applications in many disciplines of scientific research. A downside of NMR is however the laborious data analysis workflow that involves many manual interventions. Interactive data analysis impedes not only on efficiency and objectivity, but also keeps many NMR application fields closed for non-experts. Thus, there is a high demand for the development of unsupervised computational methods. This thesis introduces such unattended approaches in the fields of metabonomics and structural biology. A foremost challenge to NMR metabolomics is the identification of all molecules present in complex metabolite mixtures that is vital for the subsequent biological interpretation. In this first part of the thesis, a novel numerical method is proposed for the analysis of two-dimensional HSQC and TOCSY spectra that yields automated metabolite identification. Proof-of principle was successfully obtained by evaluating performance characteristics on synthetic data, and on real-world applications of human urine samples, exhibiting high data complexity. NMR is one of the leading experimental techniques in structural biology. However the conventional process of structure elucidation is quite elaborated. In this second part of the thesis, a novel computational approach is presented to solve the problem of NMR structure determination without explicit resonance assignment based on three-dimensional TOCSY and NOESY spectra. Proof-of principle was successfully obtained by applying the method to an experimental data set of a 12-kilodalton medium- sized protein
Galliot, Sonia. "A la recherche de nouvelles AgNORs: une famille de protéines nucléolaires conservées et marqueurs potentiels du cancers." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210190.
Full text1-identifier des protéines AgNORs chez la levure
2-caractériser les propriétés physico-fonctionnelles et physico-chimiques de ces protéines AgNORs.
3-utiliser ces caractéristiques physico-chimiques pour rechercher de nouvelles AgNORs humaines, spécifiques de processus de cancérisation et potentiellement utilisables comme marqueurs tumoraux./The nucleolus is a subnuclear compartment that organized around ribosomal gene (rDNA) repeats NORs, which encode for ribosomal RNA. A peculiar group of acidic proteins which are highly argyrophilic are also localized at the same sites as NORs, thus allowing NORs to be very clearly and rapidly visualized by silver nitrate staining procedures. However, if three human argyrophilic proteins, UBF, C23 (nucleolin) and B23 (nucleophosmin), have been associated for staining of NOR, the exact number of AgNOR proteins and their intrinsic biochemical feature are unclear. Here, we have performed an heterologous screen in a genetically tractable eukaryotic organism (budding yeast) for the identification of novel AgNOR proteins and in vitro characterized an intrinsic feature that underlies silver binding and offers a strong predictive value for the identification of novel human AgNOR proteins.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kemayo, Koumkoua Patricia. "Structural characterisation of highly specific membrane protein-lipid interactions involved in cellular function." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF055/document.
Full textCell membranes are complex systems composed of variety of lipids that interacts with proteins to trigger cellular function. The delivery of these lipids to the right compartment is crucial for cells to work efficiently. The coat protein (COP) complex vesicles are involved in lipids traffic in the early stages of the secretory pathway. Recently, a highly specific interaction has been found between the transmembrane domain of p24 protein (p24TMD) abundant in COPI membrane and sphingomyelin C18:0. As such highly specific interaction have been reported for protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions to be involved in regulation of cell functions, we decide to investigate this specific interaction. The p24TMD was obtained chemically and investigated by solid state NMR in presence of sphingomyelin with the ultimately goal to understand the function behind
Orts, Julien. "Caractérisation des interactions entre ligands et protéines par RMN en solution." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY011.
Full textIn the process of structure-based drug design, the provision of the binding mode of ligands to the cellular receptor of interest is essential. This can suffer from limited access to protein/ligand structures, especially for the low affinity ligands that are commonly obtained from high throughput screening or fragment based lead discovery. In a common scenario crystal structures are available for one or several ligands but not for all chemical series of actual interest. Here, we present a new, NMR-based approach that allows overcoming this limitation. In the INPHARMA method interligand NOEs (Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement) are utilized to determine relative orientations of different chemical fragments binding competitively to a common receptor site. This novel methodology opens the way to the application of structure-based drug design already in an early stage of drug development, when structural information via crystallography is of difficult access
Bisaglia, Marco. "Etude fonctionnelle et structurale de deux protéines impliquées dans le métabolisme des ARN messagers." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0018.
Full textWeinhaeupl, Katharina. "Etudes de structure, interactions et dynamique dans des complexes de protéines "chaperone" à l'échelle atomique par spectroscopie RMN." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV002.
Full textThe diverse group of molecular chaperones is dedicated to accompany, fold and protect other proteins until they reach their final conformation and loca- tion inside the cell. To this end, molecular chaperones need to be specialized in performing specific tasks, like folding, transport or disaggregation, and versatile in their recognition pattern to engage many di erent client pro- teins. Moreover, molecular chaperones need to be able to interact with each other and with other components of the protein quality control system in a complex network. Interactions between the di erent partners in this network and between the substrate and the chaperone are often dynamic processes, which are especially di cult to study using standard structural biology tech- niques. Consequently, structural data on chaperone/substrate complexes are sparse, and the mechanisms of chaperone action are poorly understood. In this thesis I present investigations of the structure, dynamics and substrate- interactions of two molecular chaperones, using various biophysical and in vivo methods.In the first part I show that the mitochondrial membrane protein chap- erone TIM910 binds its substrates in a highly dynamic manner. Not only is the TIM910 complex in constant exchange between monomeric and hex- americ species, but also the bound substrate samples multiple conformations on a millisecond timescale. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and in vivo mutational experiments I propose a structural model of the chap- erone/membrane protein interaction. TIM910 binds its substrates in a hy- drophobic pocket on the exterior of the chaperone in a modular fashion, where the number of TIM910 complexes bound depends on the length of the substrate.In the second part I studied the behavior of the N-terminal receptor do- main of the ClpC1 unfoldase from M.tuberculosis in the presence of di erent antibiotics and ligands. The N-terminal domain of ClpC1 is the binding site for various new antibiotics against M.tuberculosis. The antibiotic cyclomarin completely abolishes dynamics induced by the ligand arginine-phosphate. We propose that this suppression of dynamics is the underlying principle for the mechanism of action of this antibiotic.In both cases X-ray structures of the apo or antibiotic bound form were available, but not su cient to explain the mechanism of action. The X- ray structure of TIM910 provided no evidence on where or how substrates are bound. Likewise, X-ray structures of the apo and cyclomarin-bound N-terminal domain of ClpC1 show only minor di erences in structure.Both examples show that static structural data is often not enough to explain how a molecular system works, and only the combination of di er- ent techniques, including newly developed methods enable the atomic-level understanding of chaperone/substrate complexes
Largillière, Justine. "Architecture moléculaire et dynamique de protéines histone-like de bactérie et d’archée." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3052.
Full textHU is an essential bacterial protein that is involved in many functions related to DNA. It is present as three dimers in E.coli (two homodimers and one heterodimer). If the two homodimers are mixed in vitro, they exchange their chains to spontaneously form the heterodimer. My work was to characterize, structurally and kinetically, this exchange mechanism that can be described as a second order reaction of three successive steps : from a native conformation of each homodimer into an intermediate homodimer conformation (partially unfolded and dissociated), followed by the formation of a transient tetramer (limiting step) which finally dissociates into two heterodimers. The key residues allowing the protein to switch from the native to the intermediate state has been determined. Whereas, there are buried in the native conformation, they are forming a hydrophobic patch at the surface of the intermediate one. This patch could mediate the association of the intermediate conformation in order to form the tetramer.MC1 participates in the genome organization of several archaea and in DNA transcription and cellular division through unknown mechanisms. We discuss the solution structure of a complex formed by MC1 with a strongly distorted 15 base pairs DNA. While the protein just needs to adapt slightly its conformation, the DNA undergoes a dramatic curvature and an impressive torsion. Such a V-turn conformation of the complex lead us to propose a new binding mode for the protein as a wrapper and a structural model of MC1 with a longer DNA. XR diffraction and SAXS experiments were then carried out on this new complex. Unfortunately, the structure could not be solved due to the lack of diffraction data and the SAXS data invalidated the model. These results confirm that MC1 is an atypical protein, which stabilizes multiple V-turn conformations of the DNA in a flexible and dynamic manner
Marchetti, Alessandro. "Développements méthodologiques pour la cristallisation et l'analyse structurale de protéines par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire en phase solide." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0729.
Full textDespite the rapid diffusion of solid-state NMR (ssNMR) in the area of biomolecules, its application is far away of being systemic, and many problems remain however tobe solved before it is applied to the study of challenging solid protein assemblies. In order to extend the capabilities of ssNMR to larger substrates, the objectives of this thesis are twofold: a) to establish a new, large and more complex model system, and b) to develop new, sophisticated NMR experiments in order to improve the sensitivity and the resolution of the currently existing schemes for resonance assignment. The N-terminal domain of the Polymerase subunit III of E. coli was chosen as a target system. Sample preparation conditions are obtained, notably in combination with automated screening processes, and almost complete resonance assignment is performed based on high-power rf irradiations and slow magic-angle spinning (MAS. We show that the use use of MAS at so-called ultra-fast spinning rates (60 kHz makes possible the use of "totally low power" experiments. This yields an extraordinary increase in resolution and sensitivity, enabling the acquisition of selective cross polarization (CP) transfers, through-bond correlations and 1H-detected correlations. Narrow 1H NMR line widths and robust backbone assignment can be obtained for fully protonated medium-size protein samples in the solid state under ultra-fast magic-angle spinning, without any need for dilution against a deuterated background. The final part of this thesis concerns the study of thermotropic liquid crystals (LX) phases of a de Vries smectogen, the (S)-hexyl-lactate derivative abbreviated as 9HL, selectively deuterated
Nonostante la rapida diffusione della RMN allo stato solido (ssNMR) nell’ambito delle biomolecule, molti problemi rimangono da risolvere prima che quest’ultima possa essere applicata ad applicazioni più complesse. Allo scopo di estendere le sue potenzialità, gli obiettivi di questa tesi sono duplici. a) stabilire un nuovo sistema modello, più complesso delle semplici proteine globulari e b) sviluppare nuovi e piu sofisticati esperimenti NMR al fine di migliorare la sensibilità e la risoluzione dei metodi attualmente esistenti per l'assegnazione delle risonanze. Il dominio N-terminale dell’unita ε della DNA Polimerasi III di E.Coli è stato scelto come sistema bersaglio. Le condizioni di preparazione del campione sono ottenute grazie a processi di screening ad alta capacita, e l’assegnazione quasi complete delle risonanze è effettuata tramite l’applicazione di esperimenti routinari basati su irradiazioni RF a alta potenza e rotazioni all’angolo magico a bassa frequenza. Mostriamo che l’utilizzo di rotazioni all’angolo magico “ultra-MAS” (60 kHz) rende possibile l’uso di esperimenti “a basse potenze” mostrando uno straordinario aumento di risoluzione e sensibilità, e permettendo l’acquisizione di trasferimenti di polarizzazione selettivi, di correlazioni scalari attraverso i legami chimici e di correlazioni acquisite al protone. Larghezze di linea sottili al protone sono ottenute per campioni di proteine interamente protonate allo stato solido senza che sia necessaria diluizione in ambiente deuterato. L’ultima parte della tesi riguarda lo studio di fasi liquido-cristalline termotropiche di uno smettogeno de Vries, il derivato dello (S)-esil-lattato, abbreviato come 9HL, selettivamente deuterato
Kurauskas, Vilius. "Fonction d'une protéine membranaire : étude structurale et dynamique par RMN." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV005/document.
Full textThe use of detergents is often unavoidable in the structural studies of membrane proteins. Dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) is one of the most commonly used detergents for such studies in solution state NMR spectroscopy. The effect of detergent on structure and dynamics remains an important and poorly understood question. In this study we have investigated millisecond dynamics, substrate binding and structural features of three different yeast proteins from mitochondrial carrier family (GGC1, ORC1 and AAC3) in DPC micelles. We have detected millisecond dynamics, which are asymmetrically distributed across the structure. Contrary to previous claims, we show that these dynamics are unrelated to function, as they are not affected by the substitutions which abolish mitochondrial carrier transport in proteoliposomes. Furthermore, we could show that the very well-defined substrate specificity of these proteins in membranes is abolished when they are reconstituted in DPC, questioning their functionality. Structural investigations have revealed that both tertiary and secondary structures of these carriers are perturbed in DPC micelles, with some TM helices showing substantial solvent exposure. We have concluded from these observations that DPC detergent strongly perturbs these, and likely other mitochondrial carriers by rendering them very flexible. Our findings point to a possibly general effect of this detergent on membrane proteins, as we discuss with examples of previously studied membrane proteins. In the second part we have addressed a fundamental question of protein dynamics: how do proteins move inside crystals? We have investigated ms dynamics in a crystalline ubiquitin to gain the insight on the impact of the crystalline lattice on such motions, using solid-state NMR and ms long MD simulations of explicit crystal arrangements. Interestingly a local dynamic exchange process on a ms time scale is still present in crystals. However, by comparing different crystal forms we establish that the thermodynamics of the exchanging states and their interconversion rate constants are significantly altered by the crystal contacts. Furthermore, we detect overall "rocking" motion of molecules in the crystal, occurring on a tens-of-ms time scale, and provide evidence that overall and local motion are coupled. We discuss the implications of ms dynamics on the data quality in X-ray diffraction experiments
Habenstein, Birgit. "Structural insights into fibrillar proteins from solid-state NMR spectroscopy." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10212.
Full textSolid-state NMR is the method of choice for studies on insoluble proteins and other high molecular weight protein complexes. The inherent insolubility of fibrillar proteins, as well as their complex architecture, makes the application of x-ray crystallography and solution state NMR difficult. Solid-state NMR is not limited by the molecular weight or by the absence of long-range structural order, and is thus a powerful tool for the 3D structural investigation of fibrillar proteins. The assignment of the NMR resonances is a prerequisite to obtain structural information at atomic level. The first part of this thesis describes the development of solid-state NMR methods to assign the resonances in large proteins. We apply these methods to assign the 33 kDa C-terminal domain of the Ure2p prion which is up to now the largest protein assigned by solid-state NMR. Our results provide the basis to study high molecular weight proteins at atomic level. This is demonstrated in the second part with the first high-resolution solid-state NMR study of Ure2 and Sup35 prion fibrils. We describe the conformation of the functional domains and prion domains in the full-length fibrils and in isolation. The third fibrillar protein addressed in this work is the Parkinson’s disease related α-synuclein whereof we demonstrate the NMR resonance assignment and the secondary structure determination of a new polymorph. Thus, the studies described here provide new insights in the structural diversity of fibril architectures, and plead to view fibrils as individuals from a structural point of view, rather than a homogenous protein family
Raingeval, Claire. "Méthodes RMN pour la découverte de nouveaux ligands ciblant les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1215/document.
Full textG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of membrane proteins in the human genome. GPCRs act as cell surface signalling proteins and respond to a variety of external signals. They play a pivotal role in many physiological functions and are therefore associated with a multitude of diseases, including cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and oncologic diseases. The 2012 noble Prize in Chemistry was awarded jointly to Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka for studies of GPCRs, highlighting the importance of this protein superfamily. GPCRs constitute also the most important family of drug targets in the human body, with 30% of current drugs acting on GPCRs. However, drug discovery targeting GPCRs remains difficult, owing to the restricted structural information on GPCRs related to the instability of these proteins when isolated from their cell membrane environments. There is also a lack of knowledge for the structural and functional consequences of the interactions of small-molecule compounds with GPCR. The aim is to develop methods to study and characterize a full GPCR solubilized in detergents or in native lipid bilayers, both in its free form and in small molecule bound forms, using liquid-state NMR experiments. The aim is to develop NMR-based approaches that will strongly impact the structure-based drug discovery process for the GPCR family
Charlier, Cyril. "Protein Dynamics from Nuclear Spin Relaxation : High-Resolution Relaxometry, Disordered Proteins and Applications to the C-Terminal Region of the Protein Artemis." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066577/document.
Full textThe intimate relation between the structure, dynamics and function of biomolecules is widely recognized. NMR is a unique technique to extract information on both structure and dynamics at atomic resolutions. Measurements of nitrogen-15 nuclear spin relaxation allow a quantitative description of motions on pico-nanosecond timescales through the characterization of the spectral density function (SDF), which describes the motions of amide bonds in proteins. The SDF has to be sampled at low magnetic fields, inappropriate for protein NMR, in order to obtain a better description of motions. Such measurements are possible by the use of high-resolution relaxometry. Such measurements on Ubiquitin highlight the sub- and low-nanosecond motions in flexible regions. The classical models for the interpretation of relaxation data in proteins are not well suited for intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and require the development of new approaches. We developed a new approach, called IMPACT, based on a mathematical reconstruction of the distribution of correlation times from the experimental SDF. We have applied IMPACT to the transcription factor Engrailed 2. Our method allowed an unprecedented description of the distribution of pico- to nanosecond motions in IDPs. The IMPACT approach will be combined with high-resolution relaxometry measurements on the C-terminal region of the protein Artemis to provide information on an IDP. In addition, we have described the kinetics and thermodynamics of the interaction of Artemis with the DNA Binding Domain of Ligase IV.Overall, this work contributes to the development of new concepts for the interpretation of extensive nuclear spin relaxation data in proteins
Harb, Zeinab. "Détermination théorique des paramètres RMN de métabolites et protéines." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740957.
Full textBurkart-Solyom, Zsofia. "NMR methods for intrinsically disordered proteins : application to studies of NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY077/document.
Full textIntrinsically disordered proteins are characterized by a lack of a stable, 3D structure and fulfill their biological role as such. NMR spectroscopy is the method of choice for their atomic resolution studies, as X-ray crystallography is not amenable to them due to their highly dynamic character.However, NMR spectroscopic studies of these proteins are challenging, because of the high extent of signal overlap in the spectra, resulting from the absence of a hydrogen-bonding network that would lead to structuring and higher signal dispersion. A further problem is experimental sensitivity as often measurement time is limited due to their predisposition for proteolytic degradation. In the fist part of this thesis intrinsically disordered proteins are introduced. The second part focuses on NMR spectroscopy of IDPs, BEST-TROSY-type NMR methods are presented and are shown to be well suited for large IDPs, especially for those with high extent of residual structure. 3D BEST-TROSY experiments are presented for assignment, a proline-edited version for aiding amino acid-type identification, and the HETex-BEST-TROSY experiment that allows rapid measurement of solvent exchange rates. In the third part of this thesis NMR methods are applied for study of the entire intrinsically disordered region (domains 2 and 3) of NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus. The residual secondary structure in this protein fragment is analyzed. Comparison of NMR data on three protein constructs of different lengths together with SAXS data allows identification of transient long range interactions between different regions of this protein. Furthermore, the binding modes of this protein fragment to Bin1 SH3 domain are analyzed. Finally, the preliminary results obtained on investigation of phosphorylation of NS5A of HCV by certain kinases, reported to be biologically relevant, are presented
Quinternet, Marc. "Analyse structurale et dynamique par RMN des domaines N-terminaux des protéines DsbD et PilB de Neisseria meningitidis et de leur interaction." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL102N/document.
Full textWe show, on one hand, that the NMR solution structure of DsbD N-terminal domain from Neisseria meningitidis (nDsbD) displays, in its reduced state, an immunoglobulin fold with a closed conformation of its active site. Nonetheless, our backbone dynamics study shows that the cap-loop region of the protein, which covers active residues in both oxidized and reduced forms, displays internal motions. This illustrates the inner structural adjustment capacities of nDsbD. On the other hand, we show that NMR solution structures of the oxidized and reduced forms of N. meningitidis NterPilB display a thioredoxin-like fold. These two structures appear to be very similar and globally rigid. Consequently, the NterPilB characteristic FLHE loop, which covers one edge of the active site, does not reveal new structural and/or dynamics properties for its involvement in the substrate specificity. Finally, we point out, from the structural and dynamics study of a complex between nDsbD and NterPilB from N. meningitidis, that nDsbD exhibits a powerful adaptability in its complex state. Its cap-loop region opens and comes over the a helix containing the NterPilB active cysteines. In contrast, the NterPilB FLHE loop does not seem to play a role in the complex stabilization. We propose that internal dynamics should facilitate, on one hand, the relative adaptability between the two partners of the complex and, on the other hand, their subsequent dissociation
Wang, Shishan. "Production, assembly and solid-state NMR analysis of various hepatitis B virus capsids." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1146.
Full textHepatitis B is a widely spread liver disease which causes a heavy burden for human health, with 257 millions of people affected by chronic infection and about 780,000 deaths per year. Yet, infected patients can not be completely cured by current treatments using notably nucleos(t)ide analogues and interferons. In order to achieve the goal of the World Health Assembly (WHA), who wishes to eliminate hepatitis B by 2030, new therapies need to be developed. Given its critical role for the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle, the core protein (Cp) is today one of the antiviral targets with the highest potential. Our research focuses on the characterization of HBV capsids in different conformational states using biochemistry and solid-state NMR, aiming at revealing their precise conformation under different conditions, including the interaction of capsids with antivirals, and the correlation between capsid conformation and viral maturation. For sample preparation, both a bacterial expression system and a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system have been established in the laboratory to produce HBV capsids, and protocols to disassemble and reassemble capsids with different nucleic acids have been implemented. Both capsids preformed in E. coli and capsids reassembled in vitro were addressed to NMR studies. Different capsids forms include the truncated versions Cp140 and Cp149, the full length protein Cp183, the phosphorylated P-Cp183 and mutant forms. First, we have prepared samples for the sequential assignment of the protein using solid-state NMR. The use of carbon-13 detection asks for several tens of milligrams of sample, which were produced using labeled isotopes and bacterial expression in minimal media. Sequential assignments were performed using the truncated capsid Cp149, which showed highly similar spectra to Cp183. This sample was also used to identify conformational differences between the four different monomers in the capsid, which are due to the T=4 icosahedral symmetry. Then, the main body of the thesis is the investigation and comparison of a variety of different capsid forms, including Cp183, P-Cp183, Cp149, Cp140, another truncated form resulting in mainly T=3 icosahedral assemblies, and Cp140 C61A and Cp183 F97L mutants. We investigated all samples in both the E. coli-produced and reassembled forms, which needs for the full-length protein the presence of nucleic acids, of which we tested several, including the viral pregenomic RNA. We investigated different symmetries, as well as oxidation states of the capsid, and compared the differences via chemical shift perturbations observed in NMR spectra. We reported in a site-specific manner the major conformational changes observed between the different preparations. Proton-detected solid-state NMR at 100 kHz has recently emerged as a tool for analyzing proteins with the need of less sample amount. We have applied this strategy to the analysis of the Cp149 capsids, in order to obtain sequential assignments of the amide proton resonances. For this, deuteration of the protein in bacteria was used as well, needing adaptation of sample preparation protocols. Proton detection can be successfully combined with cell-free protein synthesis, which gives low yields compared to bacterial expression. This approach is of potential interest to analyze capsid assembly modulation induced by the presence of drugs. While we have started in the framework of this thesis to analyze the capsid in presence of different capsid assembly modulators by carbon-13 detected NMR on E. coli and reassembled capsids (preliminary results not reported here), proton detection opens the way to an analysis of the impact of capsid modulation directly on the exit of the core proteins from the ribosome, on assembly. We showed that cell-free expression combined with proton-detection solid-state NMR can be used to analyze capsid chemical shifts, and thus in future work the conformational modulations
Richard, Marion. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires de croissance t de guidage des axones olfactifs : implication de Nogo-A/NgR et des protéines STOP." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10121.
Full textCala, Olivier. "Approche moléculaire de l'astringence par l'étude des interactions entre les tanins du vin et les protéines de la salve." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14131/document.
Full textDuring tasting of red wines, a sensation of dryness named astringency may occur. This sensation iscaused by the interaction between wine tannins and salivary proteins corresponding to an extremelycomplex phenomenon. Five representative wine tannins B1, B2, B3, B4 and C2, and threerepresentative peptides IB714, IB937 and histatin 3 from saliva were synthesized and studied byphysical chemistry and biology structural tools, such as NMR, circular dichroism and molecularmodeling. After a structural study, the parameters of the interaction were determined for all systemsallowing to build affinities scales, showing the influence of three-dimensional structure of tannins andtheir nature (degree of polymerization), the influence of the peptide length and the higher affinity oftannins for PRP than HRP. These studies have also highlighted the importance of concentration oftannin on the phenomenon of precipitation. Below their CMC, tannins bind specifically to salivaryproteins. Above the CMC, the specific interactions are still present, but tannins can also form micellesand create hydrophobic interactions
Castro, Inar Alves de. "Modelagem e otimização de propriedades nutricionais e sensoriais de misturas protéicas através da metodologia estatística de superfície de resposta." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-19032008-102256/.
Full textHidrolizated Gelatin (HG), Wheat Gluten (WG) and Soybean Protein Isolate (SPI) were mixed at different proportions in order to partially replace milk proteins in food formulation utilized in Food Programs to reduce its cost without significant decrease in its nutritional and sensorial properties. The nutritional quality of the mixtures was evaluated by the \"Protein DigestibilityCorrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)\" and \"Net Protein Ratio (NPR)\"methods. The sensorial quality of the mixtures was evaluated by the \"Scale Difference of Control\". The results obtained experimentally by simplex design were used to elaborate Scheffé\'s canonical equations that would describe the effect of the proportion of each component on the final nutritional quality of the product. Ali the results were correlationed by Multivariate Analysis and represented by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A \"compromise solution\" containing 25% HG, 15% WG and 60% SPI was selected as multiresponse optimization. This mixture was applicated in food formulation and submitted to the evaluations of nutrition and sensorial quality. The final product showed about 6% of cost reduction without any significant change in its quality (p< 0,01). These results demonstrated the statistics multivariate methods efficiency in simultaneous optimization and visualization of interactions which are present in complex process like biological systems.
Belfetmi, Anissa. "Les protéines de nucléocapside du VIH-1 : structures, dynamiques, propriétés de fixation et de déstabilisation des acides nucléiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN055/document.
Full textOne of the major difficulty in the eradication of HIV-1 is its ability to evolve rapidly its genome. This permit to the virus to escape the host immune response and the antiretroviral pharmacology due to the emergence of mutant and resistant forms of the target enzymes.The origin of these genetic recombination is, in one hand the errors commited by the RT during the reverse transcription stage and in the other hand the strand transfer processes facilitated by the nucleocapsid protein (NC).Our goal is to understand the chaperonnig properties of NC protein during the first strand transfer ; where NC destabilizes the involved RNA and DNA secondary structures to anneal them and form a hybrid RNA/DNA duplex.In order to determine this mecanism, we seek, if NC protein have the property to recognize the polarity of nucleic acids chains and if this modulates its destabilization properties. Also, our work on the internal dynamic of the protein showed that some motions are correlated to its binding to RNA.We compared the properties of different maturated forms of NC protein during the viral life cycle and we concluded that p1 and p6 domains present within the immature forms (NCp9 and NCp15) adjusted differently the interaction properties to nucleic acids compared to the mature form (NCp7). It leads us to reconsider the role of the different parts of the Gag polyprotein on the properties of the NC domain within this Gag precursor. This domain appears to be largely responsible for the recognition and selection of the viral genomic RNA in order to package it in the newly formed viral particles.To permform this study, we studied different complexes between NC and nucleic acids sequences (RNA and DNA) using mainly NMR spectroscopy and biophysical or biochemical methods to obtain informations at the atomic scale. This work can also be useful in the design of a new class of inhibitors against NC protein which is an attractive therapeutic target due to its conservation and importance in viral infectivity
Fossat, Martin. "Étude de la thermodynamique et de la coopérativité du repliement des protéines par haute pression." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT326/document.
Full textThis thesis work focuses on the study of protein though the use of high pressure. There are three main points subject that are being inquired here. The first is the study of cooperativity and folding landscape of a repeat protein (Anp32a) though the use high pressure denaturation at different temperatures. The second concerns the investigation of the determinant of thermal expansivity in the folded state of protein using high pressure NMR, and the well characterized Staphylococcal Nuclease (SNase) and some of its mutants. Finally, a last article on the pressure stability of the model mini protein Tryptophan cage variant Tc5b by a combination of high pressure NMR and full atomic replica exchange simulations
Lacabanne, Denis. "Solid-state NMR studies of the ABC transporter BmrA in its lipid environment." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1243/document.
Full textATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters can translocate a variety of molecules by coupling drug/lipid efflux with an ATP-Mg2+ fuelled engine. They are found in all forms of life and they are involved in a number of drug resistances including anti-cancer drugs and antibiotics. My studies focus on the drug exporter BmrA (130 kDa) from Bacillus subtilis as a model system and homologue of the human P-glycoprotein that is involved in multidrug resistance in cancer. We show that the reconstitution of this protein in lipids from Bacillus subtilis at a lipid-protein ratio of 0.5 m/m allows an optimal protein insertion into lipid bilayer as well as it complies with the two central NMR requirements: high signal-to-noise in the spectra and sample stability over a time period of years. The obtained spectra point to a well-folded protein and a highly homogenous preparation, as witnessed by the narrow resonance lines and the signal dispersion typical of the expected secondary structure distribution of the membrane protein. In the same time, we adapted the GRecon method used in electron microscopy studies for membrane protein reconstitution to the needs of solid-state NMR sample preparation. We followed in detail the reconstitution of the ABC transporter BmrA by dialysis as a reference, and established optimal reconstitution conditions using the combined sucrose/cyclodextrin/lipid gradient characterizing GRecon. NMR spectra recorded on a sample produced by GRecon showed a highly similar fingerprint as those recorded previously on samples reconstituted by dialysis. GRecon sample preparation presents a gain in time of nearly an order of magnitude for reconstitution. In order to study the inward-facing (IF) and the outward-facing (OF) state of the transporter, we developed a reproducible and quantitative protocol of ATP:Mg2+:VO43- addition inducing the OF state. We used selectively labelled samples obtained by the addition of natural abundance residues in the bacterial medium in order to reduce the number of signals in the spectra of this large protein. We recorded solid-state NMR two-dimensional spectra with different mixing times (20 and 200 ms) in order to follow chemical shift changes and identify residues by sequential correlations. The very noticeable apparition of new signals concomitant with the large amplitude of chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) highlight the important flexibility and conformational changes of the protein in presence of ATP:Mg2+:VO43- substrate. In order to identify the residues appearing in the spectra, we use paramagnetic replacement by Mn2+ of the Mg2+ acting as a co-factor in the active site. The paramagnetic relaxation enhancements caused the Mn2+ revealed that the amino acids appearing in the spectra are located in proximity to the ATP binding pocket. Besides, EPR measurements confirmed the closed state of the protein by identifying the corresponding 1.8 nm distances between two Mn2+. We investigate on the conformational differences identified between the IF and OF state in the ABC transporter BmrA reconstituted in its natural lipids. The observation of numerous CSPs, as well as the apparition new signals are observed for a hydrolysis-incompetent mutant on addition of ATP, indicating that hydrolysis is not required for the IF to OF transition in BmrA. We also analyze the mechanistic of the X-loop motif described to be involved in the communication between two domains of the protein. We observe for a mutant protein in which transport is abolished, but which remains ATPase active, an incomplete transition since only a subset of CSPs is observed, as well as lack of rigidification. This suggests that the change in dynamics might be central for transmitting the relevant conformational changes to the part of the protein driving transport, concomitant of an engine which is turning an input shaft, but which fails to connect in a rigid manner, trough adequate gears, with the output shaft driving the pump
Lenoir-Capello, Rachel. "Specific labeling strategies for new developments in liquid state protein NMR." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2020SORUS056.pdf.
Full textNuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) provides valuable structural and dynamic information at the atomic scale, however, the low sensitivity and resolution of signals rapidly preclude investigations of larger molecular objects. We present three isotopic labeling strategies for different protein-solution NMR experiments and demonstrate their potential for the structural study of biomolecules in solution. Among the strategies considered, two are based on the use of in vitro protein expression to obtain selectively labeled proteins of a certain chemical group and/or amino acid in a perdeuterated environment. Perdeuteration is essential for the optimal use of Transverse Relaxation Optimized Spectroscopy pulse sequences. They allowed significant spectral gains when samples were specifically labeled on amide groups or on the methylene of glycines while maintaining a very high rate of deuteration on the other chemical functions of the proteins. The third protein labeling strategy employed is based on in vivo protocols but used in innovative NMR applications: a technique of hyperpolarization of nuclei in solution which increases their sensitivity by several orders of magnitude. The lifetime of this hyperpolarization is governed by the longitudinal relaxation time of nuclei, which are reduced for proteins at room temperature. By isolating the nuclei of interest in a perdeuterated environment, dipolar interactions created by neighboring protons were eliminated and hyperpolarized nuclei relaxed much more slowly. Hyperpolarization of a small protein domain was successfully undertaken at 1K but the dissolution conditions need to be improved in order to preserve a homogeneous aqueous phase
Faurie, Benoit. "Les sucres et l'astringence : effet des polysaccharides présents dans le vin sur les interactions tanins-protéines." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0191/document.
Full textTannins play a key role in the organoleptic qualities of red wine. They are responsible for wine astringency, a dry, rought and puker sensation perceived in the mouth while tasting. This sensation is the consequence of a specific interaction between tannins and saliva proteins, mainly Proline Rich Protein (PRPs). The first part of this work was to study the influence of various sugars on the self-association of tannins process as well as tannins - proteins interactions. The colloidal behavior of a tannin (the epigallocatechin gallate - EGCG), as well as its interaction with a representative peptide IB9-14 of PRPs was studied in the presence of various simple sugars and polysaccharides. The parameters of the interaction were determined for all systems, highlighting the existence of an interaction between EGCG and sugars whose affinity seems to depend on the sugar polymerization degree. This interaction does not interfere, under the experimental conditions tested, on the association between tannins and peptide. The second part of this work was to realize the full synthesis of the protein IB9 including the peptidic sequence of IB9-14, and to study its interaction with two procyanidins: EGCG and dimer B3. The results show and confirm the influence of the length of the peptide chain interactions with tannins
Cordier, Florence. "Développements méthodologiques et études dynamiques de protéines en solution par relaxation en RMN." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10090.
Full textMunte, Claudia Elisabeth. "Ressonância magnética nuclear na determinação de estrutura de proteínas: aplicação à mutante His15Ala de HPr de staphylococcus aureus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-05012011-141847/.
Full textHigh resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy has been used for structural studies on two biological macromolecules; the HPr protein from the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, and the Cpeptide from human proinsulin. Both are related to the regulation of glucose absorption by celIs, the former case in prokaryotes and the latter in higher organisms. The HPr protein (Histidine Containing Protein) from S. aureus is one of the central components of the PTS (Phosphoenolpyruvate;sugar-phosphotransferase) system responsible for the active transport of sugars into the bacterial celI. During this process, His15 of the HPr active site is phosphorylated by enzyme I (EI), and then subsequently transfers this phosphate onto enzyme lIA (EIIA). The His15→Ala mutant of HPr, whilst unable to participate in phosphate transfer, nevertheless retains similar affinities for both EI and EIIA. Using two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC) and three-dimensional (HNCA, HNCO, NOESY-HSQC) NMR techniques, the structure of the His15Ala mutant of the HPr protein from S. aureus was determined. Its structure consists of an open β-sandwich, composed of three α-helices packed against a four-stranded anti-parallel β-sheet. This pattern has been seen in all other HPr proteins from other species so far determined but is markedly different from the previously published native structure from S. aureus with respect to the relative orientations of some of the elements of secondary structure. A detailed comparison of the native and mutant structures revealed differences in the conformation of the active site loop. The latter assumes a conformation similar to that seen in the structure of the complex between E. coli HPr and EI. This may explain the normal affinities of the mutant protein for EI and EIIA despite the absence of the active site histidine. The C-peptide of proinsulin is important for the biosynthesis of insulin but has been considered for a long time to be biologically inert. Recent studies in diabetic patients have stimulated a new debate concerning its possible regulatory role. Structural studies of the C-peptide were performed using two dimensional NMR spectroscopy (COSY, TOCSY and NOESY). ln the presence of 50% TFE three central regions of the molecule (residues 9-12, 15-18 and 22-25) showed tendencies to form ~-bends. The N terminal region (residues 2 to 5) was present in the form of either a type I or I\' β-turn, whilst the C terminal region (26-31) presented the most welI-defrnedstructure of the whole molecule which included a type III\' β-turn. The C-terminal pentapeptide (EGSLQ) has been described in the literature as being responsible for chiral interactions with an as yet uncharacterized receptor. Previous NMR studies have predicted the existence of a well-defined structure at the C-terminus of the C-peptide, kwown as the CAknuckle. We propose that the structure described here for the C-terminal pentapeptide is the CA-knuckle and represents the active site of the C-peptide of human proinsulin.
Maltais, Annie, and Annie Maltais. "Analyse structurale et fonctionnelle du récepteur nucléaire orphelin NOR-1 et inactivation du gène chez la souris." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18672.
Full textNOR-1 appartient à la superfamille des récepteurs nucléaires qui regroupe une variété de facteurs de transcription, dont les récepteurs des hormones thyroïdiennes, des hormones stéroïdiennes, des acides rétinoïques, de la vitamine D. Ces protéines produisent une multitude de réponses biologiques via la régulation de gènes cibles. Ils régulent différentes fonctions cellulaires, dont la prolifération, la différentiation, l’apoptose et l’homéostasie. Ils peuvent également être impliqués dans la tumorigénèse. NOR-1, NGFI-B et NURR1 forment une sous-famille de récepteurs nucléaires orphelins. Ces protéines sont plus spécifiquement associées au développement et à l’homéostasie du système nerveux central. Elles sont codées par des gènes de réponse précoce, dont la transcription est rapidement induite, dans différents types cellulaires, lorsque stimulée par des facteurs de croissance. NGFI-B et NOR-1 exerceraient une fonction importante dans le processus de sélection négative des cellules T lors de l’apoptose induite par l’activation des récepteurs TCR. De plus, NGFI-B, NOR-1 et NURR1 seraient impliqués dans le contrôle de l’axe hypothalamo/hypophyso/surrénalien. L’inactivation du gène NURR1 chez la souris a permis de révéler son rôle essentiel dans le développement des neurones dopaminergiques du mésencéphale. Aucun phénotype majeur n’a été observé à ce jour chez la souris homozygote mutante pour NGFI-B. La fusion des gènes EWS et NOR1 a été mise en évidence dans des tumeurs osseuses de type chondrosarcome myxoïde extrasquelettique. Cette translocation chromosomique est à l’origine de la synthèse d’une protéine hybride formée de l’extrémité N-terminale de EWS et de la séquence de NOR-1 complète. Cette protéine de fusion, appelée EWS/NOR-1, jouerait un rôle crucial dans le développement tumoral. EWS n’est pas l’unique partenaire de NOR-1 dans les chondrosarcomes myxoïdes estrasquelettiques. Trois autres protéines liées au récepteur nucléaire selon le même patron ont été identifiées, soit TAF 2N, TCF12 et TFG. Nous avons comparé l’activité transcriptionnelle des protéines NOR-1 et EWS/NOR-1. Le domaine d’activation AF2 du récepteur nucléaire NOR-1 serait essentiel à l’activité transcriptionnelle de l’oncogène EWS/NOR-1. Ces résultats suggèrent le recrutement de coactivateurs spécifiques à NOR-1 lors du processus tumoral menant au développement des chondrosarcomes myxoïdes extrasquelettiques. Au moment d’initier nos travaux, aucune souris déficiente pour le récepteur NOR-1 n’avait encore été produite. Afin de mieux comprendre le rôle du récepteur nucléaire orphelin NOR-1, plus particulièrement chez les mammifères, nous avons inactivé le gène chez la souris. Au préalable, l’analyse de la structure du gène, de son patron d’expression ainsi que des différentes isoformes de la protéine a été effectuée. Nos résultats montrent une absence de phénotype majeur qui pourrait découler en partie d’une redondance fonctionnelle exercée par NGFI-B et/ou NURR 1.
NOR-1 is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily which comprises a great diversity of transcription factors. The steroid, thyroid, retinoid, and vitamin D receptors represent some widely-know members of this superfamily. The nuclear receptors induce a vast number of biologic responses by the regulation of target genes. They are involved in the control of different cell functions like growth, differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis. They also play roles in tumorigenesis. NOR-1, NGFI-B and NURR1 form a subfamily of orphan nuclear receptors. They are associated to the central nervous system development and homeostasy. These proteins are coded by immediate-early genes which are rapidly induced by growth factors in different cell types. NOR-1 and NGFI-B have an important function in T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated apoptosis. NOR-1, NGFI-B and NURR1 could be involved in neuroendocrine control at the level of the hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis. A NURR1 knock-out mouse has been created and shows the essential role of this nuclear receptor in the development of mesencephalic dopamine neurons. The NGFI-B knock-out mouse shows no significant phenotype both at the level of thymocyte apoptosis and on the regulation of the adrenocortical function. The EWS and NOR-1 gene fusion was discovered in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma bones tumors. This chromosom translocation is at the origin of a hybrid protein composed of the N-terminal of EWS fused to the full length nuclear receptor NOR-1. It is presumed that the EWS/NOR-1 fusion protein plays a central role in the tumoral process. Threes other NOR-1 fusion partners were discovered in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas. TAF2N, TCF12 and TFG are fused to the nuclear receptor by a similar pattern. We have compared the NOR-1 and EWS/NOR-1 transcriptional activity in different chondrocyte cell lines. The AF2 domain of NOR-1 is essential for the transcriptional activity of the EWS/NOR-1 fusion protein. This result suggests that some NOR-1 specific co-activators participate to the tumorigenic process involved in the development of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas development. In order to better understand the orphan nuclear receptor NOR-1, we have created a NOR-1 knock-out mouse. Analysis of this mouse indicate an absence of significant phenotype. These observations suggest functional redundancy between NGFI-B or NURR1 (or both) and NOR-1.
NOR-1 is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily which comprises a great diversity of transcription factors. The steroid, thyroid, retinoid, and vitamin D receptors represent some widely-know members of this superfamily. The nuclear receptors induce a vast number of biologic responses by the regulation of target genes. They are involved in the control of different cell functions like growth, differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis. They also play roles in tumorigenesis. NOR-1, NGFI-B and NURR1 form a subfamily of orphan nuclear receptors. They are associated to the central nervous system development and homeostasy. These proteins are coded by immediate-early genes which are rapidly induced by growth factors in different cell types. NOR-1 and NGFI-B have an important function in T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated apoptosis. NOR-1, NGFI-B and NURR1 could be involved in neuroendocrine control at the level of the hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis. A NURR1 knock-out mouse has been created and shows the essential role of this nuclear receptor in the development of mesencephalic dopamine neurons. The NGFI-B knock-out mouse shows no significant phenotype both at the level of thymocyte apoptosis and on the regulation of the adrenocortical function. The EWS and NOR-1 gene fusion was discovered in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma bones tumors. This chromosom translocation is at the origin of a hybrid protein composed of the N-terminal of EWS fused to the full length nuclear receptor NOR-1. It is presumed that the EWS/NOR-1 fusion protein plays a central role in the tumoral process. Threes other NOR-1 fusion partners were discovered in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas. TAF2N, TCF12 and TFG are fused to the nuclear receptor by a similar pattern. We have compared the NOR-1 and EWS/NOR-1 transcriptional activity in different chondrocyte cell lines. The AF2 domain of NOR-1 is essential for the transcriptional activity of the EWS/NOR-1 fusion protein. This result suggests that some NOR-1 specific co-activators participate to the tumorigenic process involved in the development of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas development. In order to better understand the orphan nuclear receptor NOR-1, we have created a NOR-1 knock-out mouse. Analysis of this mouse indicate an absence of significant phenotype. These observations suggest functional redundancy between NGFI-B or NURR1 (or both) and NOR-1.
El, Mammeri Nadia. "Etude d'assemblages protéiques biologiques supramoléculaires par RMN du solide." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0217.
Full textI have worked on elucidating and studying biological nanomachines using mainly solid-state NMR (SSNMR): (i) The protein SesB found in Nectria haematococca whose assembly into amyloid fibrils is thought to be involved in programmed-cell death signalling mechanisms. Using magic-angle spinning SSNMR, a novel structural amyloid fold model for Nectria haematococca amyloid fibrils was established. (ii) Proteins called TasA, TapA, and CalY found in Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus whose assembly into amyloid fibrils is involved in biofilm formation and integrity. Bacillus subtilis and its mutants have been studied using whole-cell SSNMR to understand the impact of biofilm matrix components deletion in the overall cell wall, and matrix composition. The protein TasA found in Bacillus subtilis has been observed to perturb liposomes as membrane models. (iii) HET-s, the well documented fungal functional amyloid, used here as a model system in a scheme to use the combined advantages of DNP, fast MAS, and spin dilution in the context of structural biology studies. A relevant use of DNP in combination with fast MAS and specific labelling has been proven to be a potential robust strategy for structural characterization of supramolecular assemblies. (iv) Unusual, ribbon-like protein polymers called R-bodies (Type 51 refractile bodies) found in many bacterial species, such as Caedibacter and Pseudomonas. A complete resonance assignment of R- bodies was achieved using very fast MAS SSNMR. A structural model of the monomers was established and accounts for their interesting pH-dependent switch, as well as the ability to deliver biomolecules
Floch, Aurélie. "Mécanismes d'adressage de Pom33, protéine transmembranaire associée aux pores nucléaires chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112182.
Full textIn eukaryotic cells, nucleocytoplasmic exchanges take place through the nuclear pores complexes (NPCs). These conserved macromolecular assemblies are embedded in the nuclear envelope (NE) and composed of ~30 distinct proteins called nucleoporins (Nups), each presents in multiple copies. In the budding yeast Sacharomyces cerevisiae, there are only four transmembrane Nups, including Pom33. A previous study leds to the characterization of Pom33 and revealed that pom33∆ mutant cells, although viable and without apparent alteration in nucleocytoplasmic transport, display NPCs distribution defect. Pom33 also contributes to the biogenesis of NPCs into the intact NE (de novo biogenesis). Pom33 is highly conserved among species and has a paralogue in S. cerevisiae, Per33, which can associate with NPCs but is mainly localized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and NE. Unlike Pom33, Per33 is not involved in NPCs distribution and biogenesis. In mammalian cells, there is a unique homologue of Pom33/Per33, named TMEM33. In the context of this thesis, we aimed to identify the determinants involved in the specific targeting of Pom33 to NPCs and in its function in pore biogenesis. To characterize these determinants, we first performed affinity-purification experiments followed by mass spectrometry analyses. This identified a novel Pom33 partner, the nuclear import factor Kap123. In vitro experiments revealed a direct interaction between Pom33 C-terminal domain (CTD) and Kap123 that involves positively-charged residues within Pom33-CTD and is altered in the presence of Ran-GTP. Moreover, in silico analyses predicted the presence of two evolutionarily-conserved amphipathic ~-helices within Pom33-CTD. Circular dichroism studies and liposome co-floatation assays confirmed that this CTD domain is able to fold into ~-helices in the presence of liposomes and revealed its preferential binding to highly curved lipid membranes. When expressed in yeast, under conditions abolishing Pom33-CTD membrane association, Pom33-CTD behaves as a Kap123-dependent nuclear localization domain. While deletion of Pom33 C-terminal domain (Pom33-∆CTD-GFP) impairs Pom33 NPC targeting and stability and leads to a NPC distribution phenotype, mutants affecting either Kap123 binding or the amphipathic properties of the ~-helices do not display any detectable defect. However, combined impairment of lipid and Kap123 binding affects Pom33 targeting to NPCs and leads to an altered NPC distribution and a genetic interaction with the deletion of NUP133, a gene coding for a nucleoporin involved in NPCs biogenesis. Together, these results indicate that Pom33 targeting to NPCs is an active and multifactorial process that requires at least two determinants within its CTD. They also suggest a role of Pom33-CTD in the de novo NPCs biogenesis process, which could however only be an indirect consequence of its requirement for Pom33 targeting to NPCs. Our mass spectrometry analysis also identified other partners of Pom33, in particular Myo2, a molecular motor required for the cell cycle-regulated transport of various organelles and proteins and for correct alignment of the spindle during mitosis. Our studies also revealed a specific localization of Pom33 at the bud tip during mitosis and a genetic interaction between POM33 and KAP123. Taken together, these preliminary observations open new perspectives regarding additional functions of Pom33 during cell division
Brutscher, Bernhard. "Développements méthodologiques en RMN multidimensionnelle des protéines : application à l'étude de différents cytochromes c." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10115.
Full textBenoit, Matthieu. "Etudes biophysiques de l'interaction entre la protéine humaine TRBP et un précurseur de microARN oncogène." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038628.
Full textCutuil, Thomas. "Etude du repliement des protéines par RMN temps réel et autres méthodes biophysiques : l'exemple de la Beta-2-microglobuline." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849137.
Full textLe, Marchand Tanguy. "Protein Dynamics by Solid-State NMR with Ultra-Fast Magic-Angle Spinning : from Microcrystals to Amyloid Fibrils and Membrane Proteins." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN023/document.
Full textSolid-state NMR with magic angle spinning (MAS) has emerged as a powerful technique for investigating structure and dynamics of insoluble or poorly soluble biomolecules. A number of approaches has been designed for reconstructing molecular structures from the accurate measurement of internuclear proximities, and for probing motions at atomic resolution over timescales spanning several orders of magnitude. Despite this impressive progress, however, MAS NMR studies are still far from routine. Complete determinations, which are often demonstrated on model microcrystalline preparations, are still rare when it comes to more complex systems such as non-crystalline amyloid fibrils or transmembrane proteins in lipid bilayers. My work aimed at extending the possibilities of MAS NMR for applications on complex biomolecular systems in different aggregation states. For this, I exploited the unique possibilities provided by high magnetic fields (700, 800 and 1000 MHz 1H Larmor frequency) in combination with the newest MAS probes capable of spinning rates exceeding 60 kHz. These experimental conditions al- low to boost the sensitivity of MAS NMR through 1H detection at high resolution and to enrich the palette of probes for protein dynamics. The first part of the thesis reports on my contribution to the development of new strategies for backbone resonance assignment, for structure elucidation, and for investigation of backbone and side-chain dynamics. These methodologies significantly reduce the requirements in terms of experimental time, sample quantities and isotopic labeling, and enlarge the molecular size of systems amenable to NMR analysis. The second part describes the application of 1H detected MAS NMR to evaluate the role of protein dynamics in problems such as amyloid fibril formation and membrane protein function. I first addressed the amyloid fibril formation propensity of human beta-2 microglobulin, the light chain of the major histocompatibility complex I. I performed comparative studies of backbone dynamics of the wild type protein as well as a D76N mutant in crystals, and determined some of the structural features of the fibrillar form. This allowed to identify the presence of pathological folding intermediates and to formulate hypotheses on the mechanism of fibrils formation. Finally, I studied the local and global dynamics of membrane proteins in lipid bilayers. In particular, I investigated the mechanism of action of the alkane trans- porter AlkL from P. putida in lipid bilayers. The measurement of parameters for fast (ps-ns) and slow (μs-ms) backbone dynamics of the protein in presence or in absence of a substrate highlights possible routes for molecular uptake and lays the basis for a more detailed mechanistic understanding of the process
Rossotti, Mélanie. "Etudes spectroscopiques d'une protéine périplasmique impliquée dans un nouveau mécanisme de résistance bactérienne au cuivre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0576.
Full textCopper is an essential microelement as it participates in many cellular processes but can also be a cytotoxic weapon if found in concentrations higher than the cellular needs. It is therefore necessary and vital for organisms to control its cellular concentration. CopI is a 15 kDa protein that was identified in a photosynthetic purple proteobacterium, Rubrivivax gelatinosus. This organism lacks the well-known copper resistance mechanism involving the copper oxidase CueO and the export system CusCFBA and therefore has developed a new resistance mechanism. It was shown that CopI is directly involved in this new mechanism. CopI is also found in human pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae, which also lacks the classical resistance system, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has both systems. It has been shown that this protein belongs to the cupredoxin family and can bind up to three Cu(II) ions in: a cupredoxin site, a N-terminal site with square-planar geometry and a site assumed to be located in the highly conserved histidine/methionine rich region. The deletion of the cupredoxin or the His/Met site induces the loss of copper resistance in the bacterium while the deletion of the N-terminal site has no effect. However, the mechanism of action and the structure of the protein remain unknown. During my PhD, I studied the Cu(II) and Cu(I) binding on the native protein and different mutants and the possible electron transfers. My results suggest that CopI plays a role in the oxidation of periplasmic Cu(I). I have also worked on determining the structure of CopI in solution by NMR as well as studied the local geometry of the cupredoxin site by advanced EPR spectroscopy