Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protéines de surfactant'
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Gomez, Gil Leticia. "The interaction between cholesterol and surfactant protein-c in lung surfactant." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210205.
Full textsurfactant membranes, including the segregation of fluid-ordered and fluid-disordered phases.
However, an excess of cholesterol has been associated with impaired surface activity both in
surfactant models and in surfactant from injured lungs. It has also been reported that surfactant
protein SP-C interacts with cholesterol in lipid/protein interfacial films. In the present study, we
have analyzed the effect of SP-C on the thermodynamic properties of phospholipid membranes
containing cholesterol and on the ability of lipid/protein complexes containing surfactant
proteins and cholesterol to form and re-spread interfacial films capable of producing very low
surface tensions upon repetitive compression-expansion cycling. We have also analyzed the effect of cholesterol on the
structure, orientation and dynamic properties of SP-C embedded in physiologically relevant
model membranes.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Sandras, Florent. "Etude de l'organisation de films ultraminces de protéines par microspectroscopie Raman et autres techniques." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12990.
Full textNaudin, Clément. "Régulation de l'activité de la protéine du surfactant SP-A par les cathepsines à cystéine pulmonaires : conséquences sur les propriétés antibactériennes de SP -A." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4021/document.
Full textCysteine cathepsins (CP) that are implicated in bronchial tissue injuries and inactivation of antibacterial proteins emerge as key players in pulmonary inflammations. A decrease of pulmonary surfactant protein SP-A which is involved in innate host defence has been reported in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). We characterized sputum CP and their ability to hydrolyze SP-A. There is an imbalance CP/inhibitor tipped in favor of CP proteolytic activities. Furthermore, cathepsin B, which is able to degrade major plasma CP inhibitor, kininogens, favors this imbalance. However, CP are not biomarkers of colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, Cat S cleaves SP-A specifically in its lectin-like domain (CRD) that conducts to the loss of antibacterial and aggregation properties. So, CP, especially cathepsin S, participate to the deficiency of innate immunity, surfactant homeostasis defect and to the exacerbation of inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis
Bonanno, Laurent Michel. "Analyse des phospholipides et des protéines du surfactant pulmonaire : intérêt d'une phase mixte silice/C18 dans la séparation d'un mélange complexe." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA114832.
Full textVives, Marie-France. "Altération des protéines spécifiques du surfactant pulmonaire au cours de l'hypoxie et l'avitaminose : rôle dans le développement de Pneumocystis carinii." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/87/.
Full textPneumocystis is an atypical host-specific fungus, responsible of severe pneumonia in immunocompromized patients. However, an asymptomatic colonization has been described in patients with and without lung disorders. Our participation in a European network, allowed us to established that the prevalence of asymptomatic Pneumocystis carriage is 11% in controls and 6. 5% in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease, in Toulouse. This pathology is NOT sufficient to promote Pneumocystis carriage. Nevertheless, a healthy individual, could be a source of infection for susceptible host. In our experimental researches, we demonstrated that pulmonary surfactant protein impairment observed in our two models: hypobaric hypoxia stay and vitamin A deficiency diet, were not able to induce Pneumocystis development. Only vitamin A deficiency seems to delay Pneumocystis elimination. Binding of the phosphorylated AP1 complex to the pS2/TFF1 promoter allows recruitment of the chromatin remodeling factor Brg1 followed by binding of ERα, via its interaction with c-Jun
Robert, Stéphane. "Acylation de protéines en micelles inverses." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMP836S.
Full textDauvergne, Julien. "Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de nouveaux tensioactifs utilisables pour la cristallisation 2D sur film lipidique et l’étude des protéines membranaires." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG0233/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the synthesis and the physico-chemical study of new surfactants used as tools for holding membrane proteins in aqueous media. A first part presents the existing methods that allow the manipulation of the membrane proteins and describes the current issues encountered which lead to its denaturation. In a second chapter, the synthesis of a hemifluorinated lipid with a specific ligand is presented in order to form a film of Langmuir. The stability and fluidity of the monolayer lipid is monitored and used in experiments of cristallisation 2D following the interfacial concept on the recombinant membrane protein SUR1 « his tag » keep soluble in water with hydrocarbonated detergents. The third part defines the term associated to facial amphiphile and presents a synthesis by « click chemistry » of glucosidic surfactants with an aromatic core persubstitued. The alternated and selective substitution on 1,3,5 and 2,4,6 positions of the aromatic ring by respectively hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails induces a facial segregation. The last chapter concerns the study of facial amphiphiles behavior and its physico-chemical properties in aqueous solution by using several methods : tensiometry, dynamic diffusion light scattering, HPLC
Perino, Julien. "Implication de facteurs lipidiques (DPPG, sulfatide) et protéique (SP-D) dans un modèle d’infection respiratoire par les poxvirus." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENV047.
Full textVariola virus was declared eradicated in 1980 after a worldwide vaccination campaign. A better understanding of the infection process of orthopoxviruses is nevertheless necessary because of the potential release of variola by bioterrorists. Here we report potential counter-measures against Variola virus that could result from studying mechanisms of viral entry and immunity against Variola virus. The purpose of this work was to study multiple factors in vaccinia virus entry in the lung and thus gain a better understanding of the infectious process that could be used to stop infection by Orthopoxvirus. The innate immune functions displayed by some phospholipids (DiPalmitoyl PhosphatidylGlycerol) in lung surfactant were studied. The discovery of the ability of DPPG to inhibit vaccinia virus infection in cell culture led to the evaluation of its in vivo activity during a lethal vaccinia virus infection. Furthermore, the analysis of the interaction between vaccinia virus and plasma membrane lipids (sulfatide) enabled the definition of a secondary receptor for vaccinia virus in addition to glycosaminoglycans that were characterized previously. Finally, examination of the specific innate immunity provided by proteins in lung surfactant allowed us to highlight interactions between one surfactant protein (Surfactant protein D) and vaccinia virus. These interactions were then characterized as inhibitory interactions for vaccinia virus infection. Our findings underline the importance of lipids and proteins inlung surfactant as well as lipids in the plasma membrane in the Poxvirus infection and suggest that these molecules may be potential new targets for the development of new therapeutic and prophylactic products to efficiently treat poxvirus infection
Damian, Marjorie. "Mécanisme d'activation au sein d'un dimère de récepteur couplé aux protéine G." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON13513.
Full textG-protein coupled receptors are versatile biological sensors that are responsible for the majority of cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters as well as for the sense of sight, smell and taste. Signal transduction is associated with a set of changes in the tertiary structure of the receptor that are recognized by the associated intracellular partners, in particular the G proteins. There is compelling evidence that GPCR can assemble as dimers but the way these assemblies function at the molecular level is still under investigation.We used here the leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 as a model to analyze the conformational changes occurring during activation. To this end, we first produced the receptor in E. coli inclusion bodies and subsequently folded it back to its native state in vitro using original membrane mimetics. Using the purified dimeric receptor, we showed that (i) the G protein induces an asymmetric arrangement of the BLT1 homodimer where each of the protomers is in a distinct conformation, and (ii) the G protein is cis-activated, i.e. the protomer that binds the agonist also activates Gα. Finally, we brought evidence that, although the dimer fully activates its G protein partner, the monomer has per se all the molecular determinant for an efficient functioning. All these data are original evidence that sheds light into the way GPCR dimers are activated and in turn modulate G protein-mediated signaling
Rondel, Caroline. "Synthèses et propriétés de mélanges de nouvelles molécules polyfonctionnelles lipopeptidiques tensioactives." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT004G/document.
Full textThe surfactants are chemical products widely used in the world. Within a context of sustainable development, it is important to develop, following the principles of green chemistry, new amphiphilic molecules from natural renewable materials. The association of an amino acid and a long chain compound allows obtaining molecules with a high surface activity. We studied and developed new mixtures of surfactants obtained from pea proteins. In a first step, proteins are hydrolyzed by Alcalase and Flavourzyme at 50°C, pH 7.5, during 30 min, to obtain peptides with an average of 3 to 5 amino acids that constitute the hydrophilic part of surfactants. Then, the lipophilic part with 12 carbons is grafted on the free amine functions with a rate of 83% by a Schotten-Baumann reaction, in water. This reaction was developed with amino acids as a model. The CMC of the anionic formulations obtained reaches 75 mg/L with a ST of 28,4 mN/m (in comparison to 240 mg/L and 39.1 mN/m for the SDS) that gives foaming and emulsifying properties comparable or even better than petrochemical commercial surfactants. Finally, these mixtures are cationized by esterification of carboxylate functions with the glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride thus increasing their zeta potential of +70 mV. The formulations have a CMC of 90 mg/L and a ST of 32 mN/m. Both synthesized new families of natural surfactants present excellent properties which permit to consider their use as a “green” alternative in numerous applications
Xu, Run Juan. "Séparation des protéines par électrophorèse capillaire : effet des tensioactifs sur le comportement électrophorétique des protéines." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120064.
Full textPenel, Simon. "Organisation du détergent dans les cristaux de protéines membranaires : analyse des cristaux des porines de Rhodobacter capsulatus et de Escherichia coli." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10132.
Full textDelestrain, Céline. "Mécanismes physiopathologiques des mutations du gène codant la protéine C du surfactant dans le développement des pneumopathies interstitielles de l'enfant." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0056.
Full textSurfactant pathologies linked to mutations in the SFTPC gene, via autosomal dominant transmission, are most commonly associated with diffuse interstitial diseases in infants, children and adults, and may also be responsible for acute respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. They are most often accompanied by a high morbidity and mortality rate, thus rendering early diagnosis essential for ideal intervention and support. Mutations in the SFTPC gene lead to alveolar and intracellular accumulation of an abnormal form of the precursor protein SP-C (ProSP-C), which is responsible for the resulting tissue damage. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet completely deciphered. The gene encodes two isoforms of ProSP-C from three alternative transcripts. The expression level of each is currently unknown and the vast majority of studies evaluating the effect of mutations are performed on only one isoform. Incidentally, our preliminary results on the analysis of RNA extracted from bronchoalveolar washing, both from control subjects and patients harboring a mutation, show that the all three SFTPC transcripts are expressed and that the presence of a mutation is associated with a variation in the expression levels of the transcripts. The aim of my project is to study the expression level of SFTPC transcripts and ProSP-C isoforms from the heterologous expression of the SFTPC gene (exons and introns) in cell lines. I will beanalyzing the post-translational maturation profile of these pro-proteins and evaluating the effect of the mutations on their expression and maturation in both our cellular models and in vivo with two Knock-in mice models.A better understanding of the pathophysiology of genetic abnormalities associated with mutations in the SFTPC gene will not only greatly contribute to earlier management of patients, but also it will help in modifying the progression of lung injury and its prognosis
Abla, Maher. "Synthèse de nouveaux tensioactifs hémifluorés à têtes polaires glucosidiques et étude de leur comportement en milieu aqueux : application au maintien des protéines membranaires en solution." Avignon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AVIG0235.
Full textThe work reported herein deals with the synthesis of two new series of non-ionic glucose-base hemifluorinated surfactants endowed with either ethyl or propyl tip. The convergentsynthesis of the ethyl ended surfactants is based on a one-pot reduction/alkylation of hemifluorinated thioacetate and glucosylated trishydroxymethyl acrylamidomethane (THAM) using NaBH4 in methanol. This "mild" alkylation was studied in order to improve yields and to pass up the use of an excess of commercially unavailable hemifluorinated thiols ; whereas the propyl ended surfactants synthesis was performed following radical addition of two alkenes onto the commercially available 1,6-diiodoperfluorohexane. The radical addition allows us to easily tune the two hydrocarbonated segment length bordering the perfluorinated core and leaves open to new perspectives for hemifluorinated surfactants design and synthesis. The physico-chemical properties in aqueous solution of these two novel series were studied by surface tension measurement and by dynamic light scattering (DLS), as well as their behaviour upon reverse-phase chromatography, ans were compared with those of their hydrogenated and perfluorinated analogues. The atypicla effect of the additional ethyl tip to the fluorinated chain was demonstrated by higher critical mucellar chromatography while the physico-chemical properties of the propyl ended surfactants showed the influence of both hydrocarbonated parts, surrounding the fluorinated core, on both CMC and micellar size and shape. Moreover, according to Israelachvili's concept, DLS, SANS ans AUC studies showed that surfactansts bearing bulkier polar head self-assemble into small and well-define spherical micelles rather than the cylindrical ones usually observed with classical fluorinated surfactants. Finnaly, the propensity of the hemifluorinated hydrophobic chains to minimize the denaturating effect of surfactants toward membrane proteins was evaluated in the presence of two very fragile proteins, cytochrome b6f and bacteriorhodopsin. These results have confirmed once again the protective effect of the hemifluorinated tails against protein denaturating and influence of the surfactants micelles homogeneity on the complex protein/surfactants scattering
Costes, Florence. "Analyse physico-chimique de glycolipides utilisés pour l'étude de protéines membranaires." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30193.
Full textMoulin, Nathan Nadia. "Altérations de l'expression de la protéine A du surfactant dans les pneumopathies interstitielles diffuses." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066590/document.
Full textBackground: Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) comprise a heterogeneous group of rare lung parenchyma disorders with high morbidity and mortality. In adults, the most common form of IIP is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A genetic cause is identified in up to 20% of cases, telomerase and surfactant genes mutations being the first etiologies. This study aims to investigate the implication of the genes encoding the surfactant protein (SP), in particular SP-A1, SP-A2, and SP-D, in pediatric and adult patients with unexplained IIP.Methods: Surfactant genes, in particular SFTPA1, SFTPA2 and SFTPD, were sequenced. New variations were studied with functional and tissues experimentations. Results: The study involved 345 patients. A heterozygous missense mutation (p.Trp211Arg) in SFTPA1 was identified in a large family. The IIP were isolated or associated with an adenocarcinoma of the lung in patients with IPF. The W211R mutation involves an amino-acid that is invariant throughout evolution, impairs SP-A1 secretion, and is associated with an abnormal tissue expression of SP-A. Five new SFTPA2 mutations were also identified, and all together, a surfactant gene variation was described for 7.5% of the patients.Conclusion: This study has involved for the first time SFTPA1 in pediatric and adult IIP. The association of SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 mutations with an increased risk of lung cancer raises the issue of a complex genetic counseling in the involved families. It also brings out new pathophysiologic hypothesis such as aberrant proliferation and epithelial repair of the alveolar surface
Duval, Caroline. "Elaboration de dérivés du pullulane à amphiphilie contrôlée : Application à l'extraction de protéines membranaires intégrales." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES003.
Full textStudy of integral membrane proteins is of great importance for the understanding of cellular mechanisms, such as photosynthesis, respiration, or bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Those highly hydrophobic proteins are water insoluble; surfactants are thus necessary for their handling in aqueous solutions. Among surfactants recently developed for this use, amphiphilic polymers called amphipols display interesting potential. Amphiphilic biopolymers with similar properties would be particularly attractive. Therefore, we tried to develop hydrophobically-modified polysaccharides able to extract integral membrane proteins and to make them soluble, under non-denaturing conditions. Pullulan is a water-soluble, flexible polysaccharide. Its chemical modification is well controlled. A set of amphiphilic pullulan derivatives with moderate molar mass ( " 30 000 g. Mol-1) was prepared. Carboxymethyl groups were first introduced (0,2 to 1,2 per anhydroglucose unit) to favor water-solubility of amphiphilic derivatives. Large extents (up to 48%) of alkyl (C8 to C12) and 3-phenylpropyl hydrophobic chains were then grafted through amide or ester linkages. Amphiphilic carboxymethylpullulans display surface-active properties. Hydrophobic microdomain formation was evidenced in aqueous solution. According to the samples studied, various aggregation phenomena were observed. Some amphiphilic carboxymethylpullulans are actually able to extract membrane proteins from their lipid surrounding. Comparison of their capacities led to identify C4?18C10d (pullulan with 18% decyl groups and 91% ungrafted carboxymethyl groups) as the most efficient sample. The effect of this amphiphilic biopolymer on protein activity is similar to that of a mild detergent
Olivier, Blandine. "Synthèses, analyses physico-chimiques et biologiques de nouveaux tensioactifs monomères et télomères utilisables pour le maintien en solution des protéines membranaires." Avignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AVIG0219.
Full textThe numerous biological, chemical methods needed to extract and to preserve membrane proteins in water are presented in the introduction. We defined afterwards the essential properties of the new synthesized surfactants able to satisfy the setted constraints. Then, we described the synthesis of amphipols which are telomeric compounds derived from THAM and bearing some hydrophobic chains. We got a large panel of amphipols exhibiting variable average degree of polymerization and different grafting ratio of hydrophobic chains. These syntheses required the preparation of new tranfer reagents which participate to the radical telomerization and control the molecular mass of the telomers so obtrained. Furthermore they have to facilitate the knowledge of the amphipol structure. We grafted fluorescent probe onto the transfer agent in order to easier observe and to better understand the behaviour of amphipols towards the membrane proteins. The second chapter describes the physico-chemical tests carried out on these new amphipols and their behaviour in water. The biological studies are next presented and underlined the ability of amphipol to form complexes with different membrane proteins. The subject of the fourth chapter is the synthesis of hemifluorinated surfactants. Their typical features consists in lactobionamide derived polar head and a variable hydrophobic tail. Such hydrophobic chains can be either hydrofluorinated, fluorinated or hydrocarbonated. The results of biological studies carried out on these surfactants showed that they are able to keep membrane proteins soluble in aqueous solution. We have to underline the importance of the hydrophobic tail chemical structure on this property. The perfluorocarbon chain end-capped with an short hydrocarbon moiety is able to complex efficiently the membrane proteins without inducing any denaturation usually observed with hydrocarbon surfactants
Doussin, Sylvain. "Encapsulation de protéines dans des micelles inverses en milieux à faible viscosité." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0011.
Full textUse of high-resolution liquid-state NMR for the structural study of big biomolécules (}35 kDA)is impeded by their very slow tumbling implying very short transverse relaxation times T2. This effect leads to a dramatic loss of spectral resolution, and a reduction of the signals lifetime. A solution to accelerate the rotational correlation times and thus the spectral linewidths has been proposed by a team from the University of Philadelphia : encapsulation of the biomolecule in microemulsions in low-viscosity media. In these experiments, apolar gases (short-chain alkanes, xenon, CO2,. . . . ) of very low viscosity near their critical point, are used
Salez, Laurent. "Inflammation pulmonaire, macrophages murins et production d'interleukine-10 : régulation potentielle par la protéine A du surfactant." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T015.
Full textChaudier, Yann. "Synthèses, études physico-chimiques et biologiques de nouveaux tensioactifs hybrides hydrofluorocarbonés." Avignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AVIG0214.
Full textThe work reported herein deals with the synthesis, the physico-chemical and biological studies of a new class of hybrid hydrofluorinated surfactants. These molecules could be used to maintain integral membrane proteins in aqueous solutions without any denaturation. After an introduction on the protein extraction process, the peculiar properties of perfluorinated amphiphiles are presented. The first chapter is dedicated to the synthesis of these hybrid molecules, which bear neutral (telomer, sugar, amine oxide) or ionic polar head (carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, ammonium). The second chapter describes the physico-chemical studies performed on the hybrid amphiphilic compounds. The results collected show unusual high CMC values. This behaviour could be ascribed to unfavourable interactions between hybrid chains in the micellar core. These interactions could be responsible of NBF instability. Some of our molecules are able to form vesicular assemblies in aqueous solutions, which is quite unusual for single-chain fluorinated surfactants. A 19F RMN study of mixtures containing hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon surfactants is the subject of the third chapter. The results obtained indicate that these two types of chain are poorly miscible. Biological tests are the aim of the last chapter. Hybrid amphiphiles are able to maintain the cytochrome "b6f" (an integral membrane protein chosen as a model) in aqueous solution in its native state. The best results are found for a compound bearing an amine oxyde polar head
Garcia, de Paco Elvira. "Modulation de la réponse des macrophages de souris au LPS par l'interleukine-33 ou par des analogues synthétiques du fragment N-terminal de la protéine C du surfactant pulmonaire." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T068.
Full textChabot, Sophie. "Rôle de la protéine A du surfactant dans la régulation de l'interleukine-10 et des phospholipases A2 sécrétées : médiateurs inflammatoires impliqués dans le syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue͏̈." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066071.
Full textMeguellati, Amel. "Synthèse de biomolécules agissant comme inhibiteurs de l'ARN polymérase ARN dépendante du virus de l'hépatite C et développement de nouveaux surfactants comme stabilisants des protéines membranaires par réseaux de ponts salins." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENV001.
Full textThe PhD project focuses on biomolecules and is divided into two parts. The first part concerns the design and synthesis of natural product derivatives with therapeutic interest in order to develop new molecules with antiviral activity. Recently, aurones were identified as new inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase. Following these results, efforts were continuedand we undertook, on the one hand,the synthesis of original analogues in which the aurone B-ring was replaced by a heterocyclic rings and, on the other hand, the synthesis of aurone pseudodimers in order to refine the structural requirements to improve the inhibitory effect. The potent NS5B inhibitory activity combined with their low toxicity make aurones attractive drug candidates against HCV infection. The second part of the PhD thesis is unrelated to the first part and concerns more fundamental aspects. It focused on the synthesis of new surfactants acting as stabilizing agents during extraction of membrane proteins (PM). Surfactants are required for maintaining PM in their functional state after extraction from membrane lipid matrix. The vast majority of PM shares a net enrichment in basic residues at the interface between membrane and cytoplasm, a property known as the positive inside rule. Based on this feature, a new family of surfactants is developed and tested on membrane proteins belonging to the multidrug ABC efflux pumps family
Enaud, Laurent. "Etude de la C-réactive protéine après administration de deux types de surfactant exogène (Curosurf et Survanta) dans la maladie des membranes hyalines du nouveau-né." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON11042.
Full textKong, Sing Youne Lie. "De nouvelles applications des surfactants non ioniques à la purification des protéines : préparation de colorants immobilisés mécaniquement résistants : exploration d'un nouveau concept de partition d'affinité avec partition de phases thermo induite : préparation de supports chromatographiques mécaniquement résistants pour la chromatographie d'interactions hydrophobes." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD470.
Full textPicard, Martin. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de l' ATPase-Ca2+ du réticulum sarcoplasmique (SERCA1A) : effets des conditions de cristallisation sur la conformation de l' ATPase-Ca2+." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011390.
Full textMarconnet, Anais. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux amphipols, polymères amphiphiles dédiés à l’étude de protéines membranaires." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4766&f=29837.
Full textMembrane proteins (PMs) play an essential role in several biological processes vital to proper functioning of the organism. Involved in many pathologies, they constitute more than 60% of current therapeutic targets. However, their study is often very tricky, therefore they represent less than 2% of overall structures solved and listed in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Indeed, the PMs are conventionally extracted from their native lipid environment in the presence of commercially available detergents and kept soluble in the aqueous solution within mixed micelles whereas their stability were not guaranteed for extended periods. This instability results from unfavorable interactions between PM and surrounding detergents that lead to denaturation (resulting in loss of biological activity) and aggregation (generating precipitation) of PM thereby compromising structural and functional studies. Since the 1990s, new amphiphilic molecular (surfactants), macromolecular (amphiphilic polymers or amphipols) and supramolecular (nanodiscs, bicelles ...) systems aiming at improving the stability of the PMs extracted from their native membrane have been developed. My host laboratory is a pioneer in the development of amphipols whose a best characterized version is the A8-35 amphipol, derived from poly(acrylic) acid endowed with octyl side chains. The latter was quickly found to be one of the most relevant alternatives to commercial detergents, by forming, after exchange with the detergent, small stable PMs-APols complexes of well-defined size. More than a decade later, styrene and maleic acid copolymers (SMAs) were used to extract and stabilize the PMs within structures like lipodiscs. Thus, in a first part of this thesis, we were interested in the impact of the nature (linear or cyclic) side chains on the physicochemical and biochemical properties of amphipols. We have synthesized some new A8-35-like amphipols with cyclic aliphatic (yielding CyclAPols) or aromatic (yielding ArylAPols) side chains. Comparison of their properties with those of SMAs and A8-35, showed that these new polymers solubilized efficiently different types of biological membranes and stabilized the tested model PMs. Within the context of research and development of new structures, we were also interested in the impact of the nature (cyclic or linear) of the polar moieties on the properties of an uncharged amphipol. We tried to design this new polymer according to a previously existing neutral amphipol (NAPol) model that derived from tris (hydroxymethyl) acrylamidomethane (THAM) and which has been developed in collaboration with a partner laboratory: we chose to substitute the glucose groups that ensure NAPol water solubility with tetra(ethylene) glycol chains. In the second part of this thesis, we reported all the investigations and synthesis work concerning the development of this new neutral amphipol (PEGAPol) comprising linear polar groups of poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG). Due to the imposed deadlines, we could yield only one structure that derived from a polymerizable form of a commercially available detergent, the C8E4. The optimization of the PEGAPol synthesis as well as the study of its physicochemical and biochemical properties remain to be investigated
Nehmé, Rony. "Expression et purification du récepteur humain de la voie Hedgehog, Smoothened, dans une conformation native et stable." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4031.
Full textThe Hedgehog pathway is one of the most important pathways in embryogenesis and in proliferation of adult stem cells. This pathway involves two transmembrane receptors, Patched and Smoothened whose dysfunctions have been linked to many human diseases including cancers. This study reports expression and purification of the human GPCR Smoothened, for structure-function relationship characterization. Therefore I developed the heterologous expression of Human Smoothened (hSmo) in the yeast S. Cerevisiae. Using SPR technology, I showed that hSmo, expressed at the plasma membrane of yeast, is in its native conformation able to bind its antagonist, cyclopamine (CPN). Then, I developed the purification of hSmo by affinity chromatography and tested new surfactants. Results show that the new surfactants stabilize hSmo in solution after purification and are preserve antagonist-binding ability of Smo suggesting that purified hSmo maintains its native conformation in solution. In addition, characterization of a single mutation of Smoothened (hSmoG435R) combined to one of the surfactants, revealed an enhanced stability of the receptor. These established conditions will be useful for crystallization assays. SPR strategies developed in this study will also be used for the research of hSmo’s cytoplasmic partners. Together, structural and functional data will contribute to the better understanding of Smo signaling and to the development of new cancer therapies
Yaseen, Yazen Mohlab. "Fengycin production by strains of bacillus : molecular and physiological aspects." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10062/document.
Full textThis work aimed at analyzing the overproduction of fengycin in Bacillus subtilis BBG21 and then was compared to a set of Bacilli strains. As BBG21 also produces surfactin, we also studied coproduction of lipopeptides in this strain. The work highlighted the role the promotor Pfen and Ppps in the synthesis of fengicins. The analysis of sequences was unveiled 10 missing nucleotides between Ppps168 and PfenBBG21 and modification of one nucleotide of the UP element between strains BBG21 and 21332, respectively. Secondly, environmental conditions that might influence the promotor Pfen expression and synthesis of both lipopeptides were also tested in B. subtilis BBG 208. Thus, carbon sources appeared to direct synthesis of one family of lipopeptides, whilst most of nitrogen sources allowed high level of both lipopeptides co-synthesis. A strong expression of promotor Pfen and an important synthesis of fengycins were obtained with urea or urea ammonium mixture used as nitrogen source and with mannitol as carbon source. Temperature, pH and filling volume are important for fengycins synthesis and these conditions are carbon and nitrogen sources dependent. Finally we studied fengycins synthesis in surfactin and PNPase mutants derived from Bs 168. The result showed that srfAA regulator decreased fengycin synthesis whereas srfAC has not any affect. Notably, an important decrease in surfactin and fengycin was observed for PNPase mutant strains
Picard, Martin. "ETUDES STRUCTURALES ET FONCTIONNELLES DE L'ATPASE-CA2+ DU RETICULUM SARCOPLASMIQUE (SERCA1A). EFFETS DES CONDITIONS DE CRISTALLISATION SUR LA CONFORMATION DE L'ATPASE-CA2+." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011390.
Full textVanhoute, Mathieu. "Étude de l’extraction sélective par des procédés innovants de peptides issus de la protéolyse enzymatique de l’hémoglobine bovine." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10066/document.
Full textThree innovative processes allowed to extract selectively active peptides from a complex hydrolysate from the pepsic proteolysis of bovine haemoglobin. A first process of biphasic extraction assisted by alkyl-sulfonates allowed to modify the affinity of peptides for the organic phase by the formation of ion-pairs. These studies of conditions of extraction of opioid hydrophobe peptides allowed the implementation of a system of extraction in octan-1-ol supported by a membrane contactor. Secondly, a process of bubbling-draining was developed based on the surface tension properties of the peptides and allowed to split the peptidic population to isolate a fraction showing antibacterial properties. The optimization by experimental design advanced the influence of four major parameters (concentrations of hydrolysate and KCl, pH of solutions of hydrolysate and drainage) and allowed to multiply by 3,4 the enrichment of this fraction in the collected solution. Finally a process recently developed, the electrodialysis associated with ultrafiltration membranes having for only driving strength the difference of electric potential, allowed to isolate a cationic peptidic fraction. The study of the behavior in fouling revealed the existence of phenomena of charge repulsion preventing the isolation of a anionic peptidic fraction and the formation of aggregates haem-peptides fouling in a partially reversible way the ultrafiltration membranes
Espinosa, Pardo Faber Ariel. "Propriétés techno-fonctionnelles des fractions produites par bioraffinerie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0205.
Full textThe concept of biorefinery has emerged as an industrial facility where biomass is transformed into a wide range of marketable products and energy, and the accumulation of agro-residues is significantly reduced. This work proposed a biorefinery scheme from corn germ and walnut press-cake as by-products. For corn germ, the scheme involved a first step of oil recovery by different methods followed by protein extraction while solid residues were assessed for stabilizing emulsions (Pickering emulsions). It was demonstrated that protein functionalities (such as solubility, water absorption, foaming and emulsifying capacities) were influenced by oil extraction method, and that corn germ meals showed high capacity to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions. For walnut press-cake, a source of oil and phenolic antioxidants, the scheme focused on ultrasound assisted extraction of phenolics from the defatted cake, and the stabilizing ability of the residue particles. Extracts exhibited a high capacity of scavenging free radicals (DPPH) and walnut cake particles allowed to fabricate highly stable oil-in-water emulsions with fine droplets (1-2 µm). Ultrasound assisted extraction was also applied to recover phenolics from a third by-product that was a grape pomace. Influent parameters of extraction were statistically identified for both matrices with trends positively modeled by second-order polynomial equations
Rebeix, Vincent. "Observation et quantification de dépôts lacrymaux sur lentilles hydrogel et évaluation de l'efficacité préventive des tensioactifs." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL048N.
Full textBarret, Laurie-Anne. "Influence des tensioactifs dans la cristallisation du complexe photosynthétique RC-LH1-pufX de Rhodobacter blasticus." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017895.
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