Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protéines de liaison aux ARNs'
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Guitard, Estelle. "Etude du rôle de deux protéines bifonctionnelles apparentées aux protéines de liaison aux ARNs, Sam68 et G3BP, dans la prolifération cellulaire." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T014.
Full textBruckert, Hélène. "Caractérisation d'Hrp48, une protéine de liaison aux ARNs, lors de la morphogenèse axonale chez la drosophile." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4063.
Full textRecent studies have shown that post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play essential roles in axon growth and guidance, processes involved in the establishment of neuronal circuits during development. To study these mechanisms in vivo, my project aimed at characterizing the role of the RNA-binding protein Hrp48, which belongs to the conserved hnRNP A/B family. I showed that inactivating hrp48 function leads to strong and specific axon migration defects, including axon misguidance and overextension. Notably, I have observed that the frequency of hrp48 mutant phenotypes is much higher in females than in males. Moreover, I showed that the female-specific Sex-lethal protein ectopically accumulates in the nucleus of mutant cells. This abnormal nuclear accumulation could explain the sex-specific defects observed in axonal migration. In parallel, I could show that inactivation of sema-1α, an Hrp48 putative mRNA target, causes defects similar to those observed in hrp48 mutants, and that hrp48 and sema-1 α genetically interact. Moreover, the overall levels of sema-1 α transcripts are much lower in females than in males. These results suggest that sema-1 α misregulation may induce the sex-specific defects in axonal growth observe upon hrp48 downregulation. Tis work has allowed us to propose a preliminary in vivo model for a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism controlled by a member of the hnRNP A/B family. Furthermore, it has revealed cryptic differences between females and males in the context of recent studies revealing sex-specific differences in the control of gene expression
Le, Tonquèze Olivier. "Identification des cibles de la protéine de liaison aux ARN CUGBP1, par séquençage massivement parallèle." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S024.
Full textThe RNA binding protein CUGBP1 is involved in regulation of alternative splicing, mRNA stability and translation. These functions appear conserved across evolution and may lead to pathological conditions in situations of CUGBP1 gain or loss of function. In order to determine the real extent of the regulations by CUGBP1 we realised two different studies aimed at identifying the targets for CUGBP1. First, based on an in silico approaches, we identify the mRNA encoding the protein CD9 as a direct target for CUGBP1-mediated regulation. In the second study I developed a Cross-link ImmunoPrecipitation procedure for CUGBP1 in human cells and identified the in vivo binding sites and targets by SOLiD deep sequencing. The in vivo binding sites identified allow us to present a genome wide landscape of CUGBP1 binding targets. These targets are potentially dis-regulated in loss of function for CUGBP1. The binding sites identified should allow us to refine the prediction algorithms for CUGBP1 binding sites thereby permitting the identification of the CUGBP1 target in any cellular context. This approach may prove especially useful in conditions where CUGBP1 is either misexpressed or mislocalized
Rekad, Zeinab. "Rôle de la protéine de liaison aux ARNs SAM68 dans l'adhésion des cellules endothéliales et la genèse de leur matrice extracellulaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ6006.
Full textAngiogenesis is the process underlying the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. This process relies on the modification of the adhesive properties of vascular endothelial cells as well as the production and assembly of their specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) known as the basement membrane. Endothelial cell adhesion is mediated by interactions between extracellular matrix (ECM) components and transmembrane receptors (integrins) that, upon engagement, drive the formation of dynamic multimolecular adhesion complexes that regulate cytoskeletal organization and force transmission (mechanotransduction) for cell migration and function. Recent studies suggest that local protein production at adhesion sites contributes to their consolidation and maturation.Proteomics screens performed on adhesion sites have identified the presence of RNA-binding proteins (RBP) with gene expression regulatory functions. SAM68 (Src associated in mitosis, of 68 kDa), a member of the STAR (signal transduction and activation of RNA metabolism) family of RBPs, is one such protein known to regulate both RNA biogenesis and signal transduction by playing a scaffolding role following receptor activation at the cell surface. Indeed, SAM68 has been shown to associate with Src kinase following receptor activation and to participate in alternative splicing of genes encoding ECM and ECM-associated proteins, such tenascin-C and the cell surface glycoprotein CD44 involved in adhesion/migration. In the context of angiogenesis and endothelial cell adhesion, we hypothesized that the RBP SAM68 may constitute a molecular relay during integrin-mediated mechanotransduction at adhesion sites by participating in the formation of focal adhesions and downstream transcriptional/post-transcriptional responses that regulates the angiogenic phenotype.Using 2- and 3-D cultures of primary endothelial cells, we showed that the RBP SAM68 participates in the establishment of focal adhesions through its contribution to the localized supply of mRNAs (including the β-actin transcript) required for adhesion site maturation. Further, we demonstrated that SAM68 regulates the expression of genes encoding basement membrane proteins, in particular via regulation of the promoter of the FN1 gene, thus conditioning the sub-endothelial matrix and angiogenic phenotype of cells. Indeed, in a 3-D context, SAM68-depletion was found to hamper endothelial cell sprouting activity and capillary-like tube formation.This work paves the way to explore the role of other RNA-binding proteins as regulators of adhesion signaling and assessment of their function in physiological and pathological angiogenesis processes
Rothé, Françoise. "Identification des protéines FBP1 et FBP2 comme partenaires des protéines de liaison aux éléments riches en adénine et uridine (ARE) TIA-1 et TIAR." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210897.
Full textDoctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bour, Tania. "Exploration au coeur de la machinerie traductionnelle de Plasmodium falciparum : étude de domaines de liaison aux ARN de transfert." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6109.
Full textThis PhD work concentrates on two proteins of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. They are both involved in the protein synthesis process of this parasite and interact with transfer RNAs (tRNAs): (i) aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) specifically recognizes tRNAAsp and catalyzes the binding of aspartic acid to its 3’ end and (ii) a protein of unknown function, PftRBP (tRNA binding protein), that interacts with all tRNAs. It has been shown that the plasmodial AspRS, which accumulates during the erythrocytic stage of the parasite is shorter than expected, based on the genome database. This AspRS has two unique functional domains: a lysine-rich tRNA binding motif in the N-terminal extension of the protein and a short insertion in the anticodon binding domain. It has been demonstrated that these two motifs are essential for the parasite’s AspRS activity. Since they are absent in the human homologue, they were targeted to identify specific inhibitors with putative antimalarial effects. The second protein, PftRBP, displays a tRNA binding domain at its C-terminus that binds to all tRNA sequences. Indeed, in vitro PftRBP (i) binds only tRNAs with a high affinity, (ii) recognizes the elbow formed by the D and T loops of the conserved tRNA L-shaped structure, (iii) forms a tetramer and (iv) is exposed at the parasite’s surface. These results suggest a unique and original function for this protein implicating tRNA trafficking between the parasite and its host
Le, Borgne Maïlys. "Étude in vivo de la fonction biologique de la protéine de liaison aux ARN Mex-3B." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10141.
Full textThe RNA binding-protein MEX-3 is a post-transcriptional regulator involved in early embryogenesis of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We have recently reported the characterization of a novel family of four mammalian genes homologous to hMex-3 (called hMex-3A, 3B, 3C and 3D). To gain insight into the biological functions of these proteins in vivo, we disrupted the Mex-3B gene in mice. Using this experimental approach, we found that Mex-3B is as a major regulator of spermatogenesis. We observed that male Mex-3B null mice hypofertile and present an obstruction of seminiferous epithelium. Phagocytic properties of Sertoli cells were impaired, thus impeding the clearance of residual bodies released during spermiogenesis. Exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that Mex-3B regulates phagocytosis through the activation and the transport at the peripheral membrane of Rap1GAP, a protein that downregulates the small G protein Rap1. Consistently, the Rap1-dependent recruitment of the junction proteins, connexin 43 and N-Cadherin at the cell surface was compromised in Mex-3B deficient mice. In conclusion, my work highlights a key role gor Mex-3B in the spatial control of Rap1 signaling during spermatogenesis
Chabrolles, Hélène. "Interaction de la protéine Core du virus de l’Hépatite B avec les protéines de liaison aux ARN : effets sur la réplication virale et perspectives thérapeutiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1321.
Full textConverging evidences suggest that the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein, beside its well-known structural role to form nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm, could have important regulatory functions in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes. Indeed, nuclear Core was shown to associate with the cccDNA and to the promoters of some cellular genes, suggesting that Core may control viral and/or cellular gene expression. In addition, Core has the capacity to bind RNA, and may thus regulate HBV RNA metabolism. To elucidate these functions, we performed a proteomic analysis of the cellular factors interacting with nuclear Core in human hepatocytes. This interactome revealed a majority of highly interconnected RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which participate in several steps of mRNA metabolism, including transcription, splicing and nuclear egress. We focused on two major Core-interacting factors, SRSF10 and RBMX that were previously involved in splicing and DNA repair. Functional analyses performed by a siRNA approach indicated that RBMX and SRSF10 were able to differentially regulate the levels of all viral RNAs most likely by acting at different steps of the viral life-cycle. Similarly, a small compound, affecting the activity of selected RBPs, severely impaired HBV replication by strongly reducing viral RNA accumulation. Altogether, these results strongly suggest that Core interacts with some selected RBPs to control the fate of viral and/or cellular RNAs and provide new critical information for the development of novel host-targeting antiviral agents (HTA)
Cosson, Bertrand. "Le Facteur de terminaison de la traduction eRF3 et les protéines de liaison aux ARNm polyadénylés : liens structuraux et fonctionnels." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10120.
Full textGlorian-Schmitt, Valérie. "Contribution à la compréhension de la régulation de la traduction sélective des ARNm sous stress, par l'étude de la régulation traductionnelle de l'ARNm de la GTPase rhoB sous UV." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1281/.
Full textWhen confronted with genotoxic stress, a highly specific and controlled gene expression program is necessary to allow cells to adapt rapidly to environmental changes. MRNA translation, the final step of gene expression, is finely regulated. Although global protein synthesis is inhibited by different cell stresses, mRNAs encoding some stress response proteins are preferentially translated. To study stress-dependent regulation of translation, we have investigated the translational regulation of the immediate-early response gene rhoB upon UV exposure. UV-induced RhoB expression contributes to the regulation of keratinocyte cell survival after UV exposure. RhoB has also been proposed to act as a tumor suppressor and its expression is often down-regulated in several cancers. We have shown that miR-19 and HuR bind to rhoB mRNA in an interdependent manner to inhibit RhoB expression. We have identified a novel mechanism by which the rhoB mRNA evades global repression of translation upon UV exposure. This effect is not associated with UV-dependant regulation of miR-19 expression but involves the loss of the interdependent binding of HuR and miR-19 on the rhoB mRNA upon UV exposure. Thus, inhibition of rhoB mRNA translation mediated by those factors is relieved. Furthermore, we have shown that this regulation contributes to the anti-apoptotic function of RhoB. This work suggests that the regulation of translation by microRNAs and mRNA binding proteins may be determinant in several cellular processes including the response to stress
Argüelles, Camilla. "Étude du rôle de la protéine de liaison aux ARN messagers Smaug dans la voie Hedgehog chez la drosophile." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC053.
Full textHedgehog Proteins (HH) are major players of animal development and carcinogenesis. Their transduction requires the 7 transmembrane protein Smoothened (SMO) whose activity is regulated by Patched (PTC), the HH receptor and antagonist. PTC and HH regulates SMO trafficking, phosphorylation and accumulation but numerous aspects of these regulations remain poorly understood. During my thesis, I focused on Smaug, a new partner of SMO in drosophila which was identified in the laboratory in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Smaug is known to bind and repress numerous mRNA during embryonic development in fly. I analyzed how it acts on SMO and HH signaling and also how is it regulated by HH. I have shown that Smaug is a positive regulator of the HH pathway and that it probably acts via its capacity to bind mRNA. I have also demonstrated that SMO and Smaug colocalise in cytoplasmic foci in absence of signal and that SMO is sufficient to localized Smaug to the plasma membrane in response to HH. Finally, I highlighted an effect of SMO and HH on the phosphorylation of Smaug suggesting the existence of a regulatory loop
Leriche, Mélissa. "Mise en évidence d’une interaction entre la protéine 53BP1 et les fragments d’Okazaki." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS065.
Full textMaintenance of genome integrity is essential for cell survival. It is only recently that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been shown as fundamental actors in this process. In the presence of DNA damage, RBPs regulate the expression of DNA damage response (DDR) related genes and control cell fate. RBPs also have a more direct role in preventing and repairing DNA damage. Moreover, some RNAs are present at sites of DNA damage and, thus, participate in the maintenance of genome integrity. The laboratory is interested in proteins that are both able to directly bind RNA and involved in DDR. One candidate is the 53BP1 protein (p53 binding protein 1) that contains an RNA-binding domain called GAR domain (Glycin-Arginin Rich). 53BP1 is a key protein mediating the signalling of DNA double-strand breaks and channels DNA repair to the non-homologous end-joining pathway during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The recruitment of 53BP1 to sites of DNA damage depends on both histones marks and an RNA component.The objective was to study the interaction between 53BP1 and RNA.By using CLIP (CrossLinking and Immunoprecipitation) and 2C (Complex Capture) technologies, we showed that 53BP1 presents a direct RNA-binding activity within its GAR domain. We identified the nucleic acid interacting with 53BP1 as being an RNA-DNA chimera composed of about 10 ribonucleotides, followed by about 100 dexoribonucleotides. This type of entity is highly similar to that of Okazaki fragments, that are involved in the initiation of lagging strand synthesis at replication forks. By using the SIRF method (In Situ Protein Interaction with Nascent DNA Replication Forks), we showed that 53BP1 is localized at sites of newly synthetized DNA, under normal conditions of replication. Furthermore, depletion of the catalytic sub-unit of the primase (PRIM1), that catalyzes the synthesis of the RNA primer of Okazaki fragments, results in a decrease in 53BP1 at sites of newly synthetized DNA. PRIM1 depletion also decreases the interaction between 53BP1 and RNA-DNA chimera in vivo. These results indicate that 53BP1 is localized at the replication fork through a direct interaction with Okazaki fragments. Likewise, under replicative stress induced by hydroxyurea, the presence of 53BP1 at the newly synthetized DNA is increased, indicating that 53BP1 accumulates at stalled replication forks. Altogether, these results show that 53BP1 is an RNA-binding protein that directly interacts with Okazaki fragments
Veyrier-Cammas, Anne. "Rôle et mode d'action du régulateur traductionnel hnRNP A1 dans les cellules tumorales mammaires." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/335/.
Full textMRNA binding proteins or mRBPs are involved in the regulation, the coordination and the coupling of post-transcriptional gene expression. Modifications in the regulation of their expression and/or activity in cancer contribute to the tumoral development. Our work focused on the study of the translational regulator, hnRNP A1,. We have shown that the translational activity of hnRNP A1 is regulated by its cytoplasmic relocalization upon different stress conditions. We have also observed that a cytoplasmic localization of hnRNP A1 is associated with metastatic relapse and bad prognosis in breast tumors, and we have initiated a study of the effects of this cytoplasmic relocalization on tumorigenesis. This work suggests that regulation of translation by subcellular relocalization of an mRBP may be determinant in cancer
Lacroix-Triki, Magali. "Dérégulation de l'épissage des pré-ARNm dans la progression métastatique des cancers du sein." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30271.
Full textAlternative RNA processing is a mechanism that plays a critical role for creation of protein diversity through selective inclusion or exclusion of RNA sequences during post-transcriptional control of gene expression. We hypothesized that alteration in this process might contribute greatly to tumour development and progression in breast cancer. The aim of our study was to identify and characterize defects in alternative splicing during breast tumour progression. In a murine model, we could identify specific mRNA splicing variants associated with metastatic development. In a large cohort of breast cancer patients, expression of a subset of these variants was correlated to poor prognosis. Finally, we characterised the expression profile of a large panel of proteins of the splicing machinery in breast cancer. Our study provides new insights in the understanding of mechanisms leading to tumour progression and perspectives for the development of new biomarkers and therapies
David, Géraldine. "Rôle de la protéine CELF1 dans la régulation post- transcriptionnelle de l'expression des gènes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S094.
Full textIn eukaryotic cells, after transcription gene expression is controlled at multiple steps. These qualitative and quantitative post-transcriptional regulations are specified by RNA binding proteins (RBP). By combining transcriptomic analysis and binding site information for CELF1, we showed that CELF1 regulates both nuclear and cytoplasmic steps of gene expression. CELF1 directly controls the stability of cyclin D1 mRNA and the splicing of several RNA including KLC1 (light chain kinesin 1). Because mRNAs are in complexes consisting of multiple RBP we studied whether CELF1 and ELAVL1 would interact and control the abundance of their bound mRNAs. This analysis unravel a surprising redundancy or cooperativity of CELF1 and ELAVL1. The combinatorial effects of CELF1 and ELAVL1 were highly dependent on the considered RNA. Interestingly, we showed that both proteins cooperate and interact physically
Torossian, Avédis. "Contrôle de l'expression de Bcl-2 dans les lymphomes anaplasiques à grandes cellules par la protéine HuR en réponse au crizotinib : impact sur l'apoptose et l'autophagie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30190/document.
Full textAnaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) are T/-null non-hodgkin lymphoma representing most of childhood T-cell lymphoma (up to 30%). More than 80% of cases bear reciprocal chromosomic translocation responsible for abnormal expression and constitutive activation of X-ALK type (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) chimeric proteins (ALK+ ALCL). A striking characteristic of this lymphoma is that B-Cell Lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) remains undetectable in ALK+ cases compared to ALK- cases. This is all the more surprising as the BCL-2 oncogene, which is firmly established as a prototypic anti-apoptotic factor as well as a key autophagy regulator, has been shown to be overexpressed in a majority of lymphomas. On the other hand, the RNA-binding protein HuR (Human Antigen R) is overexpressed in ALCL (as in most cancers). It has been demonstrated that this protein was involved in the sustainability of the tumoral phenotype, and that its subcellular localization and functions were closely related to its phosphorylation status, which in turn heavily depends on ALK activity in ALK+ ALCL. In the cytoplasm, HuR has the ability to bind adenine and uridine-rich elements (ARE) located on the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs, and both protect them from degradation and increase their translation. From a general point of view, HuR is able to establish an interplay with microRNAs (miRNAs), either blocking them through competition, or actually cooperating with them and thus promote their function of negative regulators of gene expression on common target transcripts. The BCL-2 transcript, which expression seems to be silenced in ALK-expressing ALCL, has been described as a potential target of HuR. During my PhD work, I dedicated myself to understand the molecular mechanism at work in the silencing of BCL-2 expression with a focus on HuR and collaborating miRNA. The data I obtained point at a cooperation between HuR and miR-34a leading to the silencing of the BCL-2 transcript. However, when the ALK tyrosine kinase activity is inhibited, it appears the interaction between the BCL-2 mRNA diminishes, which limitates the miR-34a 's access to this transcript and ultimately results in a re-expression of the BCL-2 oncogene in these lymphoma cells. In the current context of clinical trials for ALK-targeting inhibitors, such as the Crizotinib, this BCL-2 re-expression observed upon ALK inhibition shed light on potential reasons behind some therapeutic failures that have recently been reported. Indeed, during my PhD work, I also studied the consequences of the BCL-2 re-expression observed in Crizotinib-treated cells. The data I obtained in vitro and in vivo show that, by blocking this re-expression using RNA interference, the Crizotinib anti-tumoral efficiency can be greatly potentiated. This potentiation took the form of an increase of apoptotic cell death induction and, interestingly, also affected the autophagic response triggered by the drug, making it switch from a cytoprotective- type, protumoral autophagic flux to an enhanced, deletary-type and tumor suppressive flux, adding to the therapeutic effect of the drug. This work in general provides insights for new therapeutic combinations that could potentially benefit to ALK+ ALCL patients, and illustrates the complex cross-regulations between apoptotic and autophagic pathway
Masson, Aymeric. "Approches multi-omiques des anomalies transcriptionnelles dans les maladies rares du développement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCI006.
Full textGene expression occurs through the transcription process in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which produces RNAs, essential intermediates for protein formation. RNA synthesis and fate are controlled by a complex network of factors, among which are regulatory non-coding DNA sequences that ensure precise spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP), able to bind RNA molecules and contributing to their maturation, stability, and localization.The current standard approach for molecular exploration of patients with developmental disorders (DD) and/or intellectual disabilities (ID) uses a combination of chromosomal analysis using DNA microarrays, fragile X testing, exome sequencing, and more recently, genome sequencing to establish a molecular diagnosis. These approaches yield a diagnostic yield of less than 50% for DD/ID. However, the analyses sometimes reveal the presence of variations of uncertain significance in candidate genes not yet implicated in human pathology. Functional tests are then necessary to establish a correct genotype-phenotype correlation. In this way, pathogenic variations have been identified in two candidate genes encoding hnRNPs involved in RNA metabolism: PTBP1 and PTBP2. The aim of this first study is to describe the cellular pathophysiological mechanism related to transcriptional defects causing syndromic (for PTBP1) or non-syndromic (for PTBP2) neurodevelopmental impairment using in vitro and in vivo functional molecular approaches including RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) in a cohort of affected individuals.In some cases, genomic analysis identifiy complex structural variations that can disrupt the sequence of a dosage-sensitive gene, alter the activity of an enhancer, or exert position effects on gene expression by altering enhancer/target gene interactions. These molecular communications are facilitated within topological associating domains (TADs), which play an important role in tissue-specific transcriptional regulation. Consequently, any structural variation that reorganizes TADs (fusion, shuffling or even new TAD) can lead to an alteration in gene expression. In this context, the goal of this second research project is to characterize, through high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), the complex rearrangements in patients reorganizing the structure of TADs. Combined with other omic techniques such as long fragment sequencing, transcriptomic or epigenomic analysis, this approach allows the study of the underlying molecular mechanisms on different cellular models derived from affected individuals.These research efforts highlight the physiopathological impact of punctual and structural genetic variations on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of target genes and pave the way for new biological hypotheses in the context of translational research in human pathology
Boulanger, Gaëlla. "Rôles de la protéine de liaison aux ARN, CELF1, dans les fonctions testiculaires." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S057.
Full textCELF1 is an ubiquitous and multifunctional RNA-binding protein, involved in the epost-transcriptional regulations of the genetic expression. Male mice that are inactivated for the Celf1 gene (Celf1⁻/⁻) display a hypofertility associated with defects of the spermiogenesis, the elongation of post-meiotic cells. We show here that these defects appear from the first wave of the spermatogenesis in the prepubescent animal, and are associated to a delay of the development of Celf1⁻/⁻ mice. At the adult, males present a decreased testosterone level. The elongation of the round spermatid being strongly dependent on the testosterone, we supposed that the defects of spermiogenesis are due to this hypotestosteronemia. We validated this hypothesis by a supplementation in testosterone of Celf1⁻/⁻ mice. We showed that the decreased testosterone level of Celf1⁻/⁻ mice is associated with an overexpression of the Cyp19al gene, encoding for the aromatase, an enzyme that converted androgens into estrogens. CELF1 interacts in vivo with the Cypl19al mRNA. These data indicate that CELF1 represses the expression of the aromatase by destabilizing its mRNA to the wild-type mice, and that the hypotestosteronemia in Celf1⁻/⁻ mice is due at least in part to a loss of this repression. The aromatase being strongly expressed in the Leydig cells, we supposed that this deregulation takes place mainly in these cells. We thus generated a conditional inactivation of Celf1⁻/⁻ in the Leydig cells to confirm it
Lecomte, Marc A. "Etude de la liaison covalente d'eicosanoides aux protéines des plaquettes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212939.
Full textCibois, Marie. "Étude du rôle de la protéine de liaison aux ARN CUGBP1 dans le développement des vertébrés." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S081.
Full textPost-transcriptional controls of gene expression play key roles in cell life. These controls require RNA-binding proteins such as CUG-BP1 which is involved in the regulation of alternative splicing and mRNA stability. To elucidate the role of CUG-BP1 in mammalian development, mice inactivated for this/ /gene were obtained by homologous recombination. Most /Cugbp1/^-/- males exhibited impaired fertility due to a partial to total arrest of spermatogenesis. We have shown that testosterone production was strongly reduced in these males. The molecular causes for this decrease are unknown but it could explain the male sterility. In /Xenopus leavis/, inhibiting CUGBP1 function led to severe defects in somitic segmentation. Somitic segmentation relies on the oscillating expression of a subset of genes, “the clock”, and on gradients of signalling proteins that finely position the determination front. We have designed a new tool, an antisense oligonucleotide that masks the binding site of the RNA-BP CUGBP1 on Su(H), a CUG-BP1 mRNA target that encodes a key component of the Notch signalling. This masking derepressed Su(H) mRNA and lead to Su(H) overexpression and a concomitant loss of somatic segmentation, probably due to a deregulation of Notch signalling already known to be involved in gene expression oscillations. Here we show that Notch signalling controls the crosstalk between the RA and FGF pathways, allowing the correct positioning of the front. This new role of Notch signalling in somitic segmentation could be conserved among vertebrates
Labat, Laurence. "Relations structure-activité des dérivés arylpropioniques antiinflammatoires non stéroi͏̈diens appliquées à leur liaison aux protéines plasmatiques et à leur liaison aux tissus." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2B005.
Full textLacombe, Thierry. "Origine de l'ubiquitine et déubiquitination : rôle du précurseur Ubi3p, liaison du zinc aux UBP." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20068.
Full textPattano, Nathalie. "Liaison des médicaments aux protéines plasmatiques : application à la toloxatone (Humoryl ®)." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P224.
Full textLobbardi, Riadh. "Rôle de Quaking, protéine de liaison aux ARNm, dans le développement précoce des fibres musculaires lentes et rapides chez le poisson zèbre." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066279.
Full textGalvez, Thierry. "Oligomérisation et activation des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : ce que révèle l'étude du récepteur GABAb." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20068.
Full textToinon, Justine. "A Legionella pneumophila type IV-secreted effector suppresses human Argonaute activities and promotes pathogenicity in macrophages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS485.pdf.
Full textRNA interference (RNAi) is an ancestral gene silencing mechanism orchestrated by short non-coding small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are present in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms and have been characterized in diverse biological processes. During the past decade, plant and mammalian miRNAs have emerged as major regulators of host-bacteria interactions by controlling multiple steps of bacterial infections. As a counter-defense mechanism, type III-secreted effectors from a phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae strain were found to suppress different steps of the plant miRNA pathway to enable disease. However, it remains unknown whether mammalian pathogenic bacteria could have evolved similar strategies. Here, we report that the Legionella pneumophila type IV-secreted effector LegK1 efficiently suppresses miRNA activities in human cells. This phenomenon requires both its known eukaryotic-like serine/threonine kinase activity and a newly identified Argonaute (Ago)-binding platform. We found that LegK1 not only interacts with human Ago1, Ago2 and Ago4 but also with other components of the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). Furthermore, LegK1 was found to promote L. pneumophila growth in both its natural host amoeba and in human macrophages, highlighting its biological relevance in bacterial pathogenesis. Finally, we demonstrated that human Ago4 is a major genetic target of LegK1, whose targeting is required to promote growth of L. pneumophila in human macrophages. Altogether, these findings provide the first evidence that a human pathogenic bacterium can directly suppress RNAi to promote pathogenicity
Jagou, Maryline. "Fixation protéique des antiinflammatoires non stéroi͏̈diens et lipophilie moléculaire. Application aux dérivés arylpropioniques." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M086.
Full textFlayhan, Ali. "Reconnaissance phage-bactérie dans le système phage T5 - E. Coli : Caractérisation biochimique et structurale du complexe FhuA-pb5 et de la protéine caudale pb9." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077164.
Full textThis thesis approached the first step of infection in the System E. Coli - phage T5. My research has focused on the characterization of the complex formed between pb5, the receptor binding protein (RBP) of T5 and its receptor FhuA, on the surface of E. Coli. I showed that the complex FhuA-pb5 is very stable and determined the "plug" domain of FhuA as a novel interaction site of pb5. Complex formation does not induce major rearrangements of pb5 and/or FhuA. Only subtle conformational changes during complex formation, at the secondary structures level, were identified and assigned to pb5. These changes would be at the origin of the signal transmission to the phage. 3D crystals (8 À) and 2D crystals (3 À) were obtained. Small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering studies yielded a model of pb5 isolated and within the complex. These models are in agreement with the low resolution structure of pb5 and the complex, obtained by electron microscopy, and show that the binding interface covers the entire extracellular section of FhuA. Pb5 binds to FhuA by one of its ends in a way that its major axis and the axis of the FhuA barrel are aligned. Unlike the various RBPs described so far, pb5 seems composed of a single domain and is present in one copy at the distal end of the T5's straight fiber. Furthermore, I worked on the overexpression, purification, characterization and the structure of pb9, a protein that was located in the conical part of the tail of T5. The first experimental electron density map is obtained and the resolution of its atomic structure is underway
Vandamme, Julien. "Analyse protéomique des complexes associés aux membres de la famille CBX (HP1 et Polycomb) dans des cellules humaines." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10160/document.
Full textIn the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, DNA is wrapped around histones to form chromatin. The terminal ends of histones may undergo many reversible post-translational modifications (methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation...). Some of these epigenetic marks define specific chromatic regions in the nucleus. The tri-methylation of lysines 9 and 27 of histone H3 (H3K9me3 and H3K27me3) correspond respectively to constitutive and facultative heterochromatin. Chromo-domain containing proteins can bind to methylated lysines, and can recruit complexes having enzymatic or mechanical activity on chromatin. All the members of the CBX (ChromoBoX) family contain a chromodomain, they are divided into 2 groups: the HP1 group (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) and the Polycomb group (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7 and CBX8) able to bind to H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, respectively. To better understand how the chromatin is organized in heterochromatic regions we purified, in native condition, the complexes associated with these 8 proteins from human cells in culture. To this end, we opted for the tandem affinity purification (TAP). The co-eluted proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Our results confirm that firstly, Polycomb group proteins are involved in PRC1 complex (Polycomb Repressive Complex 1). However, these proteins are mutually exclusive in the PRC1 complex, indicating that several PRC1 of distinct compositions co-exist in the cell. On the other hand, new partners associated with HP1 group were identified. The development of the TAP technology to cultured human cells allowed us to purify complexes associated with chromatin. This technique remains an effective tool for the biochemical purification of protein complexes
Colas, Claire. "Exploration des déterminants structuraux caractérisant les interactions des récepteurs nicotiniques et de leurs homologues avec leurs ligands par arrimage et modélisation moléculaire." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077183.
Full textFor structure calculation, the main source of information from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR experiments is the Nuclear Overhauser Effects (NOEs), which provide information about the distance between some protons of the molecule studied. The ARIA software package (for "Ambiguous Restraints for Iterative Assignment") is used to analyse and interpret NMR data, to determine a set of three-dimensional structures consistent with experimental data. ARIA uses the above measures in the form of distance constraints imposed, in silico, on the molecule. To impose these distances, the software used so far the "Soft Square" potential which presents a window of tolerance around the target distance measured experimental in order to take into account the uncertainties on the experimental data. A Recent analysis has shown the NOE errors follow a log-normal distribution, suggesting the use of a new log-harmonic potential. The aim of my thesis has been to show the effectiveness of the log-harmonic potential in improving the quality of structures determined by NMR. The first part of my thesis focuses on studying the behaviour of the potential with some examples of structures well known and whose data have been manually prepared. In second part, the recalculation of 398 NMR structures has demonstrated the overall improvement of the qualit of structures calculated with the log-harmonic potential. Finally, in a third part, the study of two protein allowed identifying the properties of the log-harmonic potential for error detection in structures
Grellier, Pascale. "Rôle des protéines de liaison des "insulin-like growth factors" (IGFBP) dans la prolifération cellulaire." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T028.
Full textCalvez, Philippe. "La liaison membranaire de neuroprotéines sensibles au calcium impliquées dans la phototransduction visuelle et optimisation de la méthode d'analyse de la liaison de protéines aux films monomoléculaires lipidiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29335/29335.pdf.
Full textCrochetière, Marie-Eve. "Une protéine à domaine PHOX de liaison aux phosphoinositides impliquée dans le transport de l'hémoglobine chez le parasite de la malaria Plasmodium falciparum." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36374.
Full textMalaria is one of the most devastating curses in developing countries. The absence of a vaccine and resistance to available antimalarial agents demonstrate the urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets. Phosphoinositides (PIPs) are essential components of cell membranes in eukaryotes, playing an important role in intracellular signaling, DNA synthesis and protein trafficking, for example. Despite their importance in eukaryotes, little is known about their functions in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. In our laboratory, we screened 36 putative effectors of the PIP pathway by gene inactivation to identify the genes that are essential for proliferation in P. falciparum. Our studies showed that 72% of genes possibly involved in the PIP pathway could not be inactivated and are therefore potentially essential for parasite survival. Analysis of a knockout strain for PfPX protein, having a Phox-like PIP binding domain, demonstrated a severe slowdown in parasite growth. Characterization of the PfPX protein revealed that it was localized to the food vacuole membrane, the site where the parasite digests the hemoglobin (Hb) of the host in order to meet his needs in amino acids, and in vesicular type structures. We have shown that parasites lacking the Phox protein accumulate more Hb and that it is trapped in vesicles near the digestive vacuole, suggesting a role for this protein in the fusion of Hb vesicles with the membrane of the digestive vacuole. Overall, our results revealed that PIPs play an important role in the transport of P. falciparum Hb
Lamy, Stéphane. "Mise au point et validation d'une méthode d'ultrafiltration pour la détermination de la liaison aux protéines plasmatiques du HMR 3647." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P215.
Full textMaia, Maria-Bernadete de Souza. "Etude de la liaison des médicaments aux protéines circulantes par la méthode du point d'annulation en spectrophotométrie dérivée et microdialyse." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30128.
Full textVivancos, Julien. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des gènes Terminal Ear like au sein de la lignée verte." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112018.
Full textThe land colonisation by plants was accompanied by an enormous increase in their size and the sharing out of functions within specialised tissues and organs. This cellular complexification, associated with the rise to dominance of the diploid phase (sporophyte) of the life cycle, required the recruitment and the evolution of many genes. In order to better understand the involved mechanisms, we focused our attention on TEL genes which encode RRM-type RNA-binding proteins. Indeed, they appeared as good candidates, since they are only present in land plants and they were shown to regulate the initiation of foliar and floral organs in Poaceae. So, the functional characterisation of TEL genes within the Green Lineage was initiated. The analysis of Physcomitrella patens mutants expressing truncated versions of the unique PpTEL gene allowed us to show that this gene was negatively controlling the growth of the protonema and the sporophytes, whereas it regulates positively the initiation and the development of gametophores. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the characterisation of TEL mutants highlighted a key role for AtTEL1 and AtTEL2 in the positive regulation of vegetative growth and floral transition, whereas they negatively control the development of flowers. Moreover, we could show that TEL genes would act as metabolic sensors, able to regulate cellular division and therefore the plant growth, depending on the available energy for the plant
Bazin, Ingrid. "Régulation transcriptionnelle et recherche de système d'expression fonctionnelle pour la caractérisation de protéines ABC impliquées dans la réponse aux stress biotiques et abiotiques chez A. Thaliana." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20121.
Full textBeaulieu, Marie-Ève. "En quête des déterminants structuraux de la liaison et de l'activation des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G étude de mutagénèse et de modélisation moléculaire sur le récepteur de type 1 de l'angiotensine II (HAT[indice inférieur 1])." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3830.
Full textBendridi, Nadia. "Interaction de la protéine de transport plasmatique humaine des hormones stéroïdiennes sexuelles (Sex Steroid Hormone-Binding Globulin) (SHBG) avec un xéno-oestrogène, le Bisphénol A." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T093.
Full textMarrer, Estelle. "Therole of efflux proteins in antibiotic resistance : Identification of novel drug-efflux systems in Streptococcus pneumoniae." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13034.
Full textAndric, Vedrana. "Study of the mechanisms of sexual differentiation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Formation of S. pombe Erh1 homodimer mediates gametogenic gene silencing and meiosis progression A scaffold lncRNA shapes the mitosis to meiosis switch." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL056.
Full textIn the fission yeast S. pombe, a subset of meiosis-specific genes is constitutively transcribed during the mitotic cell cycle. To prevent untimely expression of the meiotic program and premature initiation of sexual differentiation, cells have evolved an RNA degradation system that selectively eliminates the corresponding meiotic transcripts. This process requires the YTH-family RNA-binding protein Mmi1, which recognizes cis-elements within RNA molecules (UNAAAC motifs) and targets them for degradation by the nuclear exosome. At the onset of meiosis, Mmi1 is sequestered in a ribonucleoparticle composed of the RNA-binding protein Mei2 and the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) meiRNA, thereby allowing expression of meiotic genes and meiosis progression. My PhD work consisted in studying the mechanisms by which Mmi1 promotes the degradation of meiotic transcripts and how its activity is regulated during both the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. During vegetative growth, Mmi1 tightly associates with the evolutionarily conserved Erh1 protein to form the heterotetrameric Erh1-Mmi1 complex (EMC) that is essential for the degradation of meiotic transcripts. Using biochemical and structural approaches, we have shown that Erh1 assembles as a homodimer in vitro and in vivo, consistent with recent analyses. Mutations that disrupt Erh1 homodimerization but preserve interaction with Mmi1 result in the accumulation of meiotic transcripts due to inefficient binding of Mmi1 to its RNA targets. Erh1 homodimerization is also required for Mmi1 luring by the Mei2-meiRNA complex and meiosis progression. Thus, EMC assembly is essential for the recognition and degradation of meiotic transcripts by Mmi1 in mitotic cells and contributes to Mmi1 inactivation at meiosis onset. Previous work showed that, during vegetative growth, Mmi1 recruits the conserved Ccr4-Not complex to ubiquitinylate and downregulate a pool of its own inhibitor Mei2, thereby maintaining its activity in meiotic RNA degradation. We have identified a lncRNA, different from meiRNA and termed mamRNA (Mmi1- and Mei2-associated RNA), to which Mmi1 associates to target Mei2 to the Ccr4-Not complex. Conversely, when Mei2 downregulation is impaired, mamRNA is necessary for Mmi1 inactivation by increased Mei2 levels. Single molecule RNA FISH experiments also indicated that mamRNA localizes to a nuclear body enriched in Mmi1, suggesting that the mutual control of Mmi1 and Mei2 is spatially confined. mamRNA can also take over meiRNA to inhibit Mmi1 and promote meiosis progression. Therefore, mamRNA emerges as a critical regulator of Mmi1 and Mei2 activities to fine tune meiotic RNA degradation and shape the mitosis to meiosis transition
Mancheron, Alban. "Extraction de Motifs Communs dans un Ensemble de Séquences.Application à l'identification de sites de liaison aux protéines dans les séquences primaires d'ADN." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257587.
Full textLes difficultés posées par ce problème sont le manque d'informations sur les motifs à extraire, ainsi que le volume important des données à traiter. Deux algorithmes polynomiaux -- l'un déterministe et l'autre probabiliste -- permettant de le traiter ont été conçus. Dans ce contexte, nous avons introduit une nouvelle famille de fonctions de score et étudié leurs propriétés statistiques. Nous avons également caractérisé le langage reconnu par la structure d'index appelée "Oracle", et proposé une amélioration la rendant plus efficace.
Najioullah, Fatiha. "Modifications du peptidoglycane et des protéines de liaison aux pénicillines de Staphylococcus aureus CIP 65-25 résistant à la méticilline, après action de six antibiotiques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T228.
Full textMarchand, Philipp. "Caractérisation biochimique et biophysique de protéines impliquées dans des pathologies humaines : activité enzymatique des domaines de liaison aux nucléotides de la protéine de résistances aux drogues MRP1 et informations structurales par RMN du solide sur la protéine du prion." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066250.
Full textIn the present work we dealt with two independent projects. The aim of the first part was to produce and functionally and/or structurally characterize the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) of the human ABC transporter ABCC1/MRP1, which are needed to power the transport of substrates across the cell membrane, e. G. The export of chemotherapeutics from cancer cells. While a crystal structure together with functional reports are available for isolated NBD1, it has so far not been possible to produce large quantities of monomeric NBD2 to enable a more extensive structural/enzymatic characterization. Here, we tested a series of new approaches to increase the solubility of NBD2 expressed as a recombinant protein in E. Coli, including the use of different constructs, co-expression of chaperones, expression in inclusion bodies and refolding. Unfortunately this did not sufficiently improve the quality of NBD2 samples in terms of oligomeric state to envisage further investigation by NMR. In contrast, NBD1 could be produced and purified. The wildtype protein together with an a priori non ATP-binding mutant were tested for adenylate kinase activity, which had been reported for other ABC transporters, but which we showed not to be part of the activity spectrum of NBD1. In the second part we dealt with the H2H3 domain of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy causing protein PrP in its amyloid conformation. The main objective was to improve sample quality for solid state NMR measurements by oligomerization pathway selection. Within the scope of this project we could show that the H2H3 domain is sufficient for structural information transference during fibrillation
Peixoto, Paul. "Ciblage de l'ADN par de molécules antitumorales et modulation de l'activité des partenaires protéiques." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00322954.
Full textLes dérivés DB, retenus pour cette étude, sont des molécules synthétisées par les Prs David Boykin et David Wilson (Atlanta) qui se fixent sur des séquences spécifiques dans le petit sillon de l'ADN. Ainsi, le composé diphényl-furane DB75 se lie en monomère à des séquences riches en paires de bases AT, alors que le dérivé phényl-furane-benzimidazole DB293 reconnaît la séquence 5'-ATGA en dimère. Cette reconnaissance «séquence-spécifique» pourrait cibler spécifiquement des interactions ADN-facteurs de transcription impliquées dans la régulation des gènes et la prolifération cellulaire.
Dans cette optique notre travail a été de déterminer la spécificité d'interaction à l'ADN de nouvelles molécules et d'en évaluer leur distribution cellulaire afin de pouvoir, dans un second temps, étudier la modulation de la liaison à l'ADN de facteur de transcription après fixation des dérivés.
Ainsi, nous nous sommes tout d'abord intéressés à la distribution cellulaire des composés DB dérivant du DB75 et du DB293 afin de déterminer s'ils pénètrent efficacement dans la cellule et se dirigent vers l'ADN nucléaire. Les résultats obtenus valident ceux publiés précédemment (Lansiaux et al., 2002a, 2002b) et montrent le faible impact des modifications du corps polycyclique sur la distribution des composés DB. Ainsi, les composés diphényl-furanes substitués sur le cycle furane, pénètrent efficacement dans le noyau alors que seules certaines substitutions sur les groupements phényles empêchent la molécule de pénétrer dans le noyau. Les conséquences cellulaires sont surprenantes puisque ces derniers composés présentent une très bonne cytotoxicité. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié la spécificité et l'affinité de ces dérivés pour l'ADN. Nous avons ainsi découvert de nouveaux ligands des sites riches en paires de bases AT et des séquences ATGA qui ont permis de compléter nos connaissances des relations structure/affinité de ces composés.
Afin de déterminer si cette famille de ligands peut moduler sélectivement l'activité de liaison à l'ADN de facteurs de transcription, un criblage en mode compétitif de l'activité de 54 facteurs de transcription a été réalisé avec le DB293. Pour cela nous avons utilisé une approche innovante basée sur le principe des macroarrays : les membranes Transignal/Protein/DNA array I. Nous avons mis en évidence l'inhibition de la fixation de Pit-1 et Brn-3, deux facteurs de transcription à domaine POU dont les sites consensus contiennent un site riche en paires de bases AT et la séquence 5'-ATGA. Cependant, la seule présence d'un site 5'-ATGA ne prévient pas l'inhibition de l'activité de liaison à l'ADN par le DB293 puisque le facteur de transcription IRF-1 présentant aussi un site 5'-ATGA dans son site consensus n'est pas inhibé par le DB293. Nous avons montré que le DB293 interagit en dimère aux séquences 5'-ATGA des sites consensus Brn-3 et Pit-1 mais pas sur celui de IRF-1.
En parallèle, un ciblage de facteurs de transcription associés de manière privilégiée à un cancer donné et se liant au même type de séquence que les composés DB a orienté notre étude sur le complexe de transcription PBX/HoxA9. Ce complexe protéique se lie à une séquence nucléotidique à la fois riche en paire de base AT et contenant un site ATGA. Les membres de ce complexe sont sur-exprimés ou transloqués dans bon nombre de leucémies aiguës myéloïdes, lymphoïdes ou de syndromes myéloprolifératifs. Des tests d'interaction protéine/ADN nous ont permis de sélectionner des composés empêchant la fixation de HoxA9 sur sa séquence ADN cible. Les premiers résultats prometteurs dans la cellule montrent une toxicité induite par nos dérivés sur des cellules dont la prolifération est dépendante de l'activité de HoxA9 alors que cette toxicité est moindre dans des cellules n'exprimant pas HoxA9. Des tests clonogéniques effectués sur des cellules de moelle osseuse transformées par HoxA9 montrent un effet antiprolifératif du composé sélectionné qui est plus important sur les progéniteurs les moins engagés dans les voies de différentiation hématopoïétique.
De plus, le criblage de nouvelles séries de molécules dicationiques a permis d'identifier 3 nouveaux composés, les dérivés DB1255, DB1242 et RT-29 qui se lient à des séquences originales riches en paires de base GC. Il s'avère que le composé DB1255 inhibe efficacement la fixation du facteur de transcription Erg sur son site consensus EBS.
Cette étude montre pour la première fois l'inhibition de la fixation de facteurs de transcription par les composés DB et ouvre ainsi de nombreuses pistes prometteuses dans l'inhibition spécifiques de facteurs de transcription impliquées dans des processus de tumorogenèse.
Monnet, François-Paul. "Caractérisation d'une protéine de fixation de lipides du blé dur (purification, séquençage, ADN complémentaire) : relations aux protéines végétales de transfert de lipides et aux inhibiteurs d'amylase/trypsine des céréales." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20311.
Full textNeuwirth, Catherine. "Phénotypes inhabituels de résistance aux bêta-lactamines chez enterobacter aerogènes, klebsiella pneumoniae et proteus mirabilis." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOMU01.
Full textMancheron, Alban. "Extraction de motifs communs dans un ensemble de séquences : application à l'identification de sites de liaison aux protéines dans les séquences primaires d'ADN." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=ec42cb78-8fc6-4c4d-a3a3-42735a44dafb.
Full textThe extraction of significant biological patterns, and in particular the identification of regulation sites of proteinic synthesis in DNA primary sequences, is one of the major issues today in bioinformatics. Indeed any anomaly in proteinic synthesis regulation has detrimental damages on the well-being of certain organisms. Extracting these sites enables to better understand cellular operation or even to remove or cure pathology. What is promblematic is the lack of information on patterns to be extracted, as well as the large volume of data to mine. In ths dissertation, we introduce two polynomial algorithms – the first one is deterministic and the other one is probabilist – to address the issue of pattern extraction. We introduce a new family of score functions and we study theirs statistical properties. We characterize the language which is recognized by the index structure named “Oracle”, and we modifiy this structure in order to make it more efficient
Barou, Emilie. "De l'ingénierie de protéines de liaison aux odorants à la détection électrochimique de molécules volatiles : vers la conception de biocapteurs et nez électroniques." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS045.
Full textThe detection of odorant molecules has become an important challenge in different research area, such as the food industry, medical diagnostics and homeland security. Indeed, the thousands of odorants in our environment provide information on their chemical nature or their concentration. Human olfactory system is capable of discriminating thousands of different molecules thanks to biochemical mechanisms involving multiple protein receptor partners and a combinatorial coding. These biomolecules that include olfactory receptors and odorant-binding proteins (OBP) represent an interesting source of detectors for the design of biosensors. OBPs are small soluble proteins present in nasal mucus at millimolar concentrations. Their hydrophobic binding pocket gives them the ability to reversibly bind odorant molecules. OBPs are robust and easy to produce and are thus good candidates for the design of biosensors. In this work, we focused on the detection of odorant molecules associating OBPs as a bioreceptor and electrochemistry as a transduction method. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have shown that by substituting a single amino acid in the binding pocket of two rat OBPs (rOBP2 and rOBP3), it is possible to modulate their binding affinities towards odorants. In parallel, we described a qualitative and quantitative method for the detection of volatile molecules using OBPs. We have shown that rOBP3 binds 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone (MNQ), an electrochemical probe. The amount of MNQ displaced from the binding pocket of rOBP3 by the model odorant 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP), was measured using square-wave voltammetry. We determined the dissociation constants of the rOBP3 / MNQ and rOBP3 / IBMP complexes. These values measured by electrochemistry were confirmed by a competitive fluorescent assay and isothermal titration calorimetry. By combining this new analytical method to rOBP3 variants with different and complementary binding profiles, we were able to selectively detect each of the components of a ternary mixture of odorants. This work, that combines the engineering of OBPs and electrochemistry, offers us interesting perspectives in the field of electronic noses
Nader, Serge. "Etudes structurales des mécanismes d'inhibition, d'oligomérisation et de liaison à l'ADN du régulateur de transcription Fur : des simulations in silico aux tests biologiques in vitro." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV037/document.
Full textThe most commonly prescribed drugs in human medicine are antibiotics. Since their discovery, they have drastically impacted the way we treat infections. However, a bacterium eventually becomes resistant to antimicrobial treatment through the natural process of adaptative evolution. Even if resistant bacteria are omnipresent in the biosphere, their emergence rate is accelerated by the misuse of antimicrobial agents leading to the public health threat we are facing now. As currently available antimicrobial agents lose their effectiveness and very few new drugs are being developed, a breakthrough in new strategies to fight pathogens should be a priority. Ideal new therapeutic targets should exert weak evolutionary pressure, disarm or weaken the pathogen and be unique to microorganisms. One way to do so is by interfering with the iron regulation and its homeostasis within Bacteria. The bioavailability of iron strongly influenced early life and the metabolic strategies that sustained it. A central iron sensing mechanism evolved to ensure the regulation of such an important element. Sadly for bacteria this sensor became an exploitable weakness in our battle against infection. The “Ferric Uptake Regulator” is a metal dependent transcription regulator with a large regulatory network controlling iron homeostasis and bacterial virulence. This work continues previous investigations on Fur inhibitors using a combined experimental and theoretical approach by performing XAS, SAXS and MALLS experiments together with computer simulations. We describe for the first time the structures of Fur from E. coli in addition to a tetrameric Fur structure of a mutant from P. aeruginosa. Moreover, free energy profiles of Fur proteins, as tetramers or dimers bound to DNA, from different species were generated and key residues involved in the interactions determined, providing mechanistic insights into Fur complexes. The structural information gathered from this work will be used to better understand inhibition mechanisms of Fur proteins providing new opportunities to overcome drug development challenges