Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protéines de liaison à l'ARN messager'
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Bourdeau-Julien, Isabelle. "ALS-associated RNA-binding protein FUS and mRNA translation regulation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68742.
Full textMutations in several genes have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),particularly in the gene coding for the Fused in Sarcoma protein (FUS). Those mutations are found in the part encoding for the nuclear localization signal, making the protein abnormallyabundant in the cytoplasm. Combined with other observations, it suggests that a toxic gainof function of FUS in the cytoplasm would be the cause of the neurodegeneration. ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons and causes progressive paralysis. The molecular mechanisms causing the disease are still unknown. One of the hypotheses is the disruption of local translation of mRNAs, which allows synapses to respond quickly and independently from the cell body. Insufficient local translation to support long-term synapticactivity would lead to synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. Thereby, the objective of mystudy is to determine the role of FUS in the regulation of mRNA translation by characterizing its interaction with translational components and evaluate its function in an ALS-linked condition. I have shown that FUS is associated with stalled polyribosomes, which suggests that it plays a role in regulating mRNA translation by interacting with the core of translation.There is also an increase in the presence of FUS in the cytoplasm and in its interaction with polyribosomes following inhibition of translation through mTOR, suggesting its role as anegative regulator. In addition, ALS-related mutations amplify FUS inhibitory function bymaking FUS cytoplasmic and reducing protein synthesis. My results show that the FUSprotein would have a role as a translation inhibitor when it is cytoplasmic. There fore, increasing the presence of FUS in the cytoplasm in ALS would result in significant translation inhibition, at a level insufficient to support synaptic activity.
Lamaa-Mallak, Assala. "Rôle de la protéine de réparation de l'ADN Ku dans la régulation traductionnelle de l'ARNm p53." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30291.
Full textIncreases in p53 protein levels after DNA damage have largely been attributed to an increase in the half-life of the p53 protein. It is now well accepted that translational regulation of p53 mRNA is also critical for both repression of p53 accumulation in unstressed conditions and induction of the p53 protein in response to DNA damage. Our work focused on studying the role of DNA repair factor Ku in the regulation of P53 mRNA translation. We showed that Ku represses p53 protein synthesis and p53-mediated apoptosis by binding to a stem-loop structure within the p53 5'UTR. However, Ku-mediated translational repression is relieved after genotoxic stress. The underlying mechanism involves Ku acetylation which disrupts Ku-p53 mRNA interactions. These results suggest that Ku-mediated repression of p53 mRNA translation constitutes a novel cytoprotective mechanism linking DNA repair and mRNA translation
Benoît, Perrine. "Contrôle traductionnel au cours de l'ovogenèse de Drosophila melanogaster : étude de Wispy, une poly(A) polymérase cytoplasmique de type GLD-2 et de Bicaudal-C, une protéine de liaison à l'ARN." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T022.
Full textLavrynenko, Kyrylo. "The interaction of Caprin1 and G3BP1, major proteins in stress granule assembly, promotes the messenger RNA recruitment by G3BP1." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL133.
Full textRNA-binding proteins play major role in regulation of messenger RNA translation and the adaptation of cellular metabolism to various environmental signals. This is accomplished due to RBPs possessing unique combination of structured functional domains and non-structured intrinsically disordered regions, which allows them to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation and form separate condensates with mRNA. G3BP1 is a central protein in a network of RBPs that participate in protection of mRNA from environmental stress by forming stress granules - ribonucleoprotein condensates that assemble in response to stress. Stress granules (SGs) might function as checkpoint for mRNA fate: storage of translationally silent mRNA, transfer of mRNA transcripts to P-bodies for degradation or transfer back into polysomes for translation. G3BP1 possesses RNA-binding domains, helicase activity and recruits several proteins into SGs, with some of them considered central nucleators in SG assembly, Caprin1 among them. The aim of this study is to investigate the cooperation between G3BP1 and Caprin1 in RNA-binding and condensate formation. Previous studies evidence the centrality of G3BP1 in SG assembly but, unlike other SG-nucleating proteins, G3BP1 lacks a prion-like domain and its direct mRNA binding is not clear. We propose that Caprin1, which is a known G3BP1 partner through the NTF2L domain of G3BP1 and a SG protein, may promote the G3BP1 mRNA binding and improve the mRNA recruitment in SG. In addition, we analyzed the function of the different G3BP1 domains in this interaction To demonstrate G3BP1-Caprin1-mRNA interplay, we used several methods of structural and cellular biology. We confirmed that G3BP1 and Caprin1 can co-localize and recruit mRNA in vivo, moreover, NTF2L-domain of G3BP1 is needed for this interaction. The mRNA recruiting capabilities of G3BP1 are improved in presence of Caprin1, and the RNA-binding domains of G3BP1 are of fundamental importance. Similarly, the enhanced mRNA recruitment of G3BP1-Caprin1 complex to SGs is at play only when full length G3BP1 is present. The consequence of G3BP1-Caprin1 interaction explain the centrality of G3BP1 in SG assembly and complement the model in which the shift RNA concentration triggers the conformational switch of G3BP1 at the heart of SG assembly by liquid-liquid phase separation
Elatmani, Habiba. "Caractérisation du rôle d'Unr, une protéine de liaison à l'ARN, dans les cellules souches embryonnaires murines." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21681/document.
Full textUnr (upstream of N-ras) is a cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein with cold shock domains, involved in regulation of messenger RNA stability and translation. Unr is essential to mouse development since Embryos deficient for Unr die at mid-gestation. Here we report that unr knockout ES cells maintained under growth conditions that sustain self-renewal spontaneously differentiate toward the primitive endoderm (PrE) lineage. This phenotype was reproduced in another ES line (E14tg2a) after shRNA-induced Unr depletion. Moreover, Unr rescue in Unr-deficient ES cells limits their PrE differentiation engagement. However, Unr is dispensable for multilineage differentiation, as shown by knockout ES cells capacity to produce differentiated teratomas. We further investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation of unr-/- ES to primitive endoderm, and found that Unr acts downstream of Nanog. Our data also show Gata6 mRNAs are more stable in Unr-deficient ES cells as compared to wild-type ES cells. We propose that the possible repression by Unr of this key inducer of PrE differentiation at a post-transcriptional level may contributes to the stabilization of ES cells pluripotent state
Samsonova, Anastasiia. "Structural and functional insights into YB-1 and Lin28 interplay in mRNA regulation." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL037.
Full textThe mRNA regulation in human cells is one of the key mechanisms allowing the cells to adapt to a new environment and to respond to incoming signals. In terms of protein synthesis, the regulation of mRNA translation is a preferable process for cells compared to a more rigid mechanism of transcription or degradation. The RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a key role in the mRNA translation regulation.In the present work, we made an effort to demonstrate that a human RBP containing a cold shock domain, Lin28a, can act in cooperation with another cold shock protein YB-1, a core protein of mRNPs. The interplay between two cold shock proteins is based on their high structure similarity, that potentially gives Lin28 an opportunity to regulate the mRNA target translation in a general way using YB 1 as an “entry badge” to the mRNP.To demonstrate the interplay between Lin28 and YB 1, several methods of structural and cellular biology were used in the present study. The oligomerization of Lin28-CSD and YB-1-CSD upon RNA binding was shown in vitro, and the amino acid residues responsible for that were highlighted by NMR spectroscopy. Then, the colocalization of Lin28 and YB-1 was demonstrated in cell cytoplasm. Also, the protein interplay was shown to have functional consequences, e.g. for cell proliferation and differentiation
Mure, Fabrice. "Rôle de la protéine EB2 du virus d'Epstein-Barr dans le métabolisme des ARN messagers." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN071/document.
Full textPost-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is based on a complex and dynamic network of RNA-proteins interactions. A major challenge is to understand the precise contribution of these RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to each step of mRNA metabolism. During this thesis, we have characterized new functions of the EB2 viral RBP which is essential for the production of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Previous works have shown that EB2 promotes cytoplasmic accumulation of most intronless viral mRNAs. Here, we show that EB2 is not just an mRNA export factor because this RBP also stabilizes its target mRNAs in the nucleus by protecting them from RNA exosome degradation. Our results indicate that in the absence of EB2 : (i) some viral mRNAs are unstable because they contain cryptic splice sites ; (ii) the splicing factor SRSF3 destabilizes these mRNAs by interacting with both the RNA exosome and the Nuclear EXosome Targeting (NEXT) complex. Moreover, we also show that EB2 is associated with polysomes and it strongly stimulates translation of its target mRNAs through interactions with the eIF4G and PABP initiation factors. Interestingly, the development of a new in vitro translational assay allowed us to show that EB2’s translation stimulation requires that EB2 binds its target mRNAs in the nucleus. Taken together, our works demonstrate the key function of a viral RBP in the coordination of the nuclear and cytoplasmic steps of mRNA biogenesis
Argüelles, Camilla. "Étude du rôle de la protéine de liaison aux ARN messagers Smaug dans la voie Hedgehog chez la drosophile." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC053.
Full textHedgehog Proteins (HH) are major players of animal development and carcinogenesis. Their transduction requires the 7 transmembrane protein Smoothened (SMO) whose activity is regulated by Patched (PTC), the HH receptor and antagonist. PTC and HH regulates SMO trafficking, phosphorylation and accumulation but numerous aspects of these regulations remain poorly understood. During my thesis, I focused on Smaug, a new partner of SMO in drosophila which was identified in the laboratory in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Smaug is known to bind and repress numerous mRNA during embryonic development in fly. I analyzed how it acts on SMO and HH signaling and also how is it regulated by HH. I have shown that Smaug is a positive regulator of the HH pathway and that it probably acts via its capacity to bind mRNA. I have also demonstrated that SMO and Smaug colocalise in cytoplasmic foci in absence of signal and that SMO is sufficient to localized Smaug to the plasma membrane in response to HH. Finally, I highlighted an effect of SMO and HH on the phosphorylation of Smaug suggesting the existence of a regulatory loop
Meznad, Koceila. "Interaction entre l’oncoprotéine E6 d’HPV16 et le métabolisme des ARN messagers." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE012.
Full textHuman papillomaviruses (HPV) are double strand DNA viruses that infect skin and mucosa. HPV infections, although mostly asymptomatic, cause cell proliferation defects that can sometimes give rise to cancer. According to their carcinogenic potential, we distinguish low-risk HPVs (lr-HPV) causing benign lesions, and high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) responsible for the appearance of numerous anogenital and some head and neck squamous-cell cancers. Among the hr-HPV, HPV16 is the most prevalent. Hr-HPV-induced carcinogenesis is correlated with the expression of the viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, which deregulate many cellular processes. Viral gene expression, performed by the host cell machine, is finely regulated particularly at the post-transcriptional level. Besides, alternative splicing generates about twenty viral transcripts, leading to the expression of viral proteins. The splicing within the E6 open reading frame that generates an E6*I mRNA only in hr-HPV, but not in the lr-HPV, suggests its involvement in hr-HPV-induced carcinogenesis. However, the biological role of E6*I protein produced by HPV-HR is still controversial.In order to better understand the mechanisms of hr-HPV-induced carcinogenesis, we have interested in: (i) the study of the biological functions of the E6*I isoform, and (ii) the mechanisms involved in the regulation of E6 and E7 expression.To get insight the biological role of HPV16 E6*I, we used RNA sequencing to identify targets deregulated by its ectopic expression. Expression of HPV16 E6 and E6*I isoforms in negative HPV cells deregulate several transcripts involved in biological processes related to viral gene expression, viral carcinogenesis, signal transduction and translation. The expression of E6*I alone, deregulates transcripts involved in the organization of the extracellular matrix, signaling pathways and cell adhesion. Interestingly, it was shown that the genes deregulated by E6*I expression are commonly affected by the intracellular level of ROS (reactive oxygen species). These results support the role of E6*I in increasing ROS production. The ROS-associated oxidative stress could favor viral genome integration with that of the host cell, a characteristic of hr-induced carcinogenesis. In sum, E6*I may have an oncogenic role independent of E6, and intervene in the carcinogenesis associated with hr-HPV.We also studied the role of the exon junction complex (EJC) in the posttranscriptional regulation of E6 and E7 expression. EJC is a multiprotein complex deposited on mRNAs via splicing, thus influencing their fate. We have shown that a factor of EJC, eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3), binds to viral mRNAs. Moreover, we have observed that the components of the EJC affected, in different ways, the expression of E6 and E7. Finally, we also studied the effect of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a mechanism linked to the EJC, on the expression of E6 and E7. Our results suggest that not only NMD inhibits the expression of E6 and E7, but we have also observed that HPV16 E6 protein reduces NMD activity. This inhibition would allow HPV16 to have control over its transcripts but also to affect NMD cellular targets. Given the involvement of NMD-regulated genes in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and adaptation, it would be interesting to understand the role of this new E6 activity in carcinogenesis associated with HPV-HR
Budkina, Karina. "The role of an mRNA-binding protein YB-1 in formation of stress granules and translation." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL006.
Full textDuring mRNA life in cell mRNA exists in complex with proteins and is never free. In the cytoplasm, active mRNA is associated with ribosomes to form polyribosomes while repressed mRNAs in association with RNA-binding proteins forms mRNPs. Repressed mRNPs are generally isolated in the cytoplasm but they can also be found in compartments called mRNP granules, notably during cellular stress. Such mRNP granules are non-membrane organelles contains mostly translationally inactive mRNA and coexist with polysomes. Depending on the environmental conditions, there is a change in the ratio of mRNA found in these types of granules or in polysomes. In addition, there are differences in the mRNA content of the different types of such organelles depending on their localization and functions. Currently, stress granules are of great interest to researchers due to their relation to some neurological diseases. Mutations of some RNA-binding proteins such asTDP43 and FUS are directly linked to some neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTLD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the affected neurons, TDP-43 and FUS form cytoplasmic aggregates while these proteins are generally found in the nucleus under physiological conditions. As they were also found in cytoplasmic stress granules, stress granules may serve as intermediates for the formation of FUS and TDP-43 aggregates. In addition, FUS and TDP-43 contain intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) which contribute to their aggregation. The formation of stress granules is stimulated by exposure to different internal and/or external factors. Stress granules serve as a place for mRNA stabilization and keeping it inactive until stress factors disappear. It is considered that secondary structures of mRNA play a significant role in the assembly of stress granules. Such structures serve as binding sites for RBPs, which further stabilize them (e.g. G3BP). The Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) was also identified as a marker for stress granules. YB-1 is an RNA-binding protein that accompanies mRNA from its synthesis in the nucleus to degradation in the cytoplasm. YB-1 contains a cold shock domain (CSD) with two RNA-recognition motifs (RNP-1 and RNP-2), as well as an unstructured CTD domain similar to IDRs. For most of the proteins involved in the formation of stress granules, their stimulating activity of IDR in this process has been shown. At the same time, there are some controversies regarding the role of YB-1 in the assembly of granules. According to some sources, there is reason to consider it as a negative regulator. According to others, YB-1 exhibits the properties of an inducer during the assembly of stress granules. At the same time, no attempts were made to decipher the mechanism of action of the protein under oxidative stress.Here our aim was to unravel the structural mechanisms by which YB-1 can negatively regulate the formation of stress granules and to clarify its influence on translation in stress conditions
Moreau, Kevin. "Etude génomique des mécanismes nucléaires de contrôle qualité et dégradation de l'ARN." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3012.
Full textEukaryotic transcription of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is a complex multistep process. In parallel with this fundamental mechanism, many proteins will bind to the nascent mRNA in order to process and package it to form an export competent ribonucleoprotein particle (mRNP). These mRNP biogenesis steps are under the surveillance of a quality control system (QC) that will detect all the faulty events that can lead to the formation of an aberrant particle. Aberrant transcripts will be retained in the nucleus and degraded. To study the QC mechanisms, we previously implemented a powerful assay based on the global perturbation of mRNP biogenesis by the bacterial Rho factor. When expressed in the yeast nucleus, Rho will interfere with co-transcriptional mRNP assembly and generates aberrant transcripts which will be substrates for the QC and degradation system. This study extend the previous observations made by the team about implication of some proteins in the QC pathway by genome-wide methods (RNA-seq, ChIP-seq). Moreover, study of the THO complex, which is a packaging and export factor, shows that the Tho2 subunit is involved in the tagging of aberrant transcripts and in recruitment of the exonuclease Rrp6 on its targets. Finally, we are giving insights about the presence, in yeast, of a second degradation pathway for aberrant mRNPs different from the canonical pathway involving Rrp6
Le, Borgne Maïlys. "Étude in vivo de la fonction biologique de la protéine de liaison aux ARN Mex-3B." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10141.
Full textThe RNA binding-protein MEX-3 is a post-transcriptional regulator involved in early embryogenesis of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We have recently reported the characterization of a novel family of four mammalian genes homologous to hMex-3 (called hMex-3A, 3B, 3C and 3D). To gain insight into the biological functions of these proteins in vivo, we disrupted the Mex-3B gene in mice. Using this experimental approach, we found that Mex-3B is as a major regulator of spermatogenesis. We observed that male Mex-3B null mice hypofertile and present an obstruction of seminiferous epithelium. Phagocytic properties of Sertoli cells were impaired, thus impeding the clearance of residual bodies released during spermiogenesis. Exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that Mex-3B regulates phagocytosis through the activation and the transport at the peripheral membrane of Rap1GAP, a protein that downregulates the small G protein Rap1. Consistently, the Rap1-dependent recruitment of the junction proteins, connexin 43 and N-Cadherin at the cell surface was compromised in Mex-3B deficient mice. In conclusion, my work highlights a key role gor Mex-3B in the spatial control of Rap1 signaling during spermatogenesis
Bittencourt, Danielle. "Coupling between gene expression steps in mammalian cells : role of transcriptional coregulators and physio-pathological impact." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077124.
Full textIn order to investigate the biological significance of coupling between the different steps of the gene expression process in vivo, I studied the regulation of gene expression in response to a steroid hormone, estradiol, for three gene models by taking into account all the steps involved, I showed that the efficiency of co-transcriptional splicing was higher in the of cyclin D1 when compared to pS2 and potentiated the cyclin D1 mRNA production rate, This work shows that, in vivo, efficient coupling between transcription and splicing is necessary for efficient mRNA production in response to a transcriptional stimulus, In order to investigate the molecular actors of coupling between transcription and splicing, I conducted a siRNA-based approach to downregulate the expression of several transcriptional coregulators, I firstly identified the EWS transcriptional coregulator as a regulator of cyclin D1 expression, interestingly, EWS is altered in Ewing sarcomas where a chromosomal translocation results in the fusion of the EWS gene with the Fl-1 gene encoding a transcription factor, EWS-FB. Remarkably EWS favors transcription elongation whereas EWS-Fli inhibits elongation thus favoring the production of an oncogenic cyclin D1 splice variant in Ewing sarcomas; In addition, I showed that the p68 transcriptional coregulator and splicing factor controls the fate and regulates the export of c-fos mRNAs. This result is important because it expands the known functions of coregulators in gene expression regulation
Andric, Vedrana. "Study of the mechanisms of sexual differentiation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Formation of S. pombe Erh1 homodimer mediates gametogenic gene silencing and meiosis progression A scaffold lncRNA shapes the mitosis to meiosis switch." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL056.
Full textIn the fission yeast S. pombe, a subset of meiosis-specific genes is constitutively transcribed during the mitotic cell cycle. To prevent untimely expression of the meiotic program and premature initiation of sexual differentiation, cells have evolved an RNA degradation system that selectively eliminates the corresponding meiotic transcripts. This process requires the YTH-family RNA-binding protein Mmi1, which recognizes cis-elements within RNA molecules (UNAAAC motifs) and targets them for degradation by the nuclear exosome. At the onset of meiosis, Mmi1 is sequestered in a ribonucleoparticle composed of the RNA-binding protein Mei2 and the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) meiRNA, thereby allowing expression of meiotic genes and meiosis progression. My PhD work consisted in studying the mechanisms by which Mmi1 promotes the degradation of meiotic transcripts and how its activity is regulated during both the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. During vegetative growth, Mmi1 tightly associates with the evolutionarily conserved Erh1 protein to form the heterotetrameric Erh1-Mmi1 complex (EMC) that is essential for the degradation of meiotic transcripts. Using biochemical and structural approaches, we have shown that Erh1 assembles as a homodimer in vitro and in vivo, consistent with recent analyses. Mutations that disrupt Erh1 homodimerization but preserve interaction with Mmi1 result in the accumulation of meiotic transcripts due to inefficient binding of Mmi1 to its RNA targets. Erh1 homodimerization is also required for Mmi1 luring by the Mei2-meiRNA complex and meiosis progression. Thus, EMC assembly is essential for the recognition and degradation of meiotic transcripts by Mmi1 in mitotic cells and contributes to Mmi1 inactivation at meiosis onset. Previous work showed that, during vegetative growth, Mmi1 recruits the conserved Ccr4-Not complex to ubiquitinylate and downregulate a pool of its own inhibitor Mei2, thereby maintaining its activity in meiotic RNA degradation. We have identified a lncRNA, different from meiRNA and termed mamRNA (Mmi1- and Mei2-associated RNA), to which Mmi1 associates to target Mei2 to the Ccr4-Not complex. Conversely, when Mei2 downregulation is impaired, mamRNA is necessary for Mmi1 inactivation by increased Mei2 levels. Single molecule RNA FISH experiments also indicated that mamRNA localizes to a nuclear body enriched in Mmi1, suggesting that the mutual control of Mmi1 and Mei2 is spatially confined. mamRNA can also take over meiRNA to inhibit Mmi1 and promote meiosis progression. Therefore, mamRNA emerges as a critical regulator of Mmi1 and Mei2 activities to fine tune meiotic RNA degradation and shape the mitosis to meiosis transition
Gaudin, Cyril. "Nouvelles caractérisations structurales de l'ARN transfert-messager." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10023.
Full textBédard, Mikael. "Caractérisation du domaine de liaison à l'ARN de p54nrb." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28423/28423.pdf.
Full textLabourier, Emmanuel. "Mise en évidence de l'activité kinase de l'ADN topoisomérase I humaine et caractérisation fonctionnelle de RSF1, un répresseur de l'épissage chez la drosophile." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20157.
Full textGlorian-Schmitt, Valérie. "Contribution à la compréhension de la régulation de la traduction sélective des ARNm sous stress, par l'étude de la régulation traductionnelle de l'ARNm de la GTPase rhoB sous UV." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1281/.
Full textWhen confronted with genotoxic stress, a highly specific and controlled gene expression program is necessary to allow cells to adapt rapidly to environmental changes. MRNA translation, the final step of gene expression, is finely regulated. Although global protein synthesis is inhibited by different cell stresses, mRNAs encoding some stress response proteins are preferentially translated. To study stress-dependent regulation of translation, we have investigated the translational regulation of the immediate-early response gene rhoB upon UV exposure. UV-induced RhoB expression contributes to the regulation of keratinocyte cell survival after UV exposure. RhoB has also been proposed to act as a tumor suppressor and its expression is often down-regulated in several cancers. We have shown that miR-19 and HuR bind to rhoB mRNA in an interdependent manner to inhibit RhoB expression. We have identified a novel mechanism by which the rhoB mRNA evades global repression of translation upon UV exposure. This effect is not associated with UV-dependant regulation of miR-19 expression but involves the loss of the interdependent binding of HuR and miR-19 on the rhoB mRNA upon UV exposure. Thus, inhibition of rhoB mRNA translation mediated by those factors is relieved. Furthermore, we have shown that this regulation contributes to the anti-apoptotic function of RhoB. This work suggests that the regulation of translation by microRNAs and mRNA binding proteins may be determinant in several cellular processes including the response to stress
Le, Mée Gwenn. "Protéines de liaison à l'ARN et toxicité des ARN portant des expansions CUG chez la drosophile." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T010.
Full textSubramania, Gangadhara Suryasree. "L'interaction de SAM68 avec U1 snRNP régule l'épissage alternatif." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35714.
Full textGlobal transcriptome profiling of human genes have led to the estimation that 95% of genes undergo alternative splicing. Alternative splicing expands the diversity of our genome and modulates it by cross-regulatory mechanisms. Major small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) namely U1, U2, U4, U6 and U5 catalyzes intron excision in a concerted manner. Some of the predominant splicing patterns by which alternative splicing expands genome diversity includes include exon skipping, mutually exclusive exons, alternative 5´splice site and alternative 3´splice site selection. RNA binding proteins play a major role in the regulation of alternative splicing by modulating snRNP recruitment and they do so by binding directly to pre-mRNA sequences called splicing enhancers or silencers that are located in exons and/or introns. A current goal in the splicing field is to establish a ‘splicing code’ for each RBP, whereby its activity, as in splicing activation or repression can be predicted based on its binding region relative to splice sites. Recent genome wide applications such as microarray and RNA-Seq have shed light on the often overlooked splicing patterns such as intronic polyadenylation and intron retention. The RNA binding protein, SAM68, modulates the alternative splicing of mTor – that encodes mTOR, the master regulator of cell growth and homeostasis. SAM68 promotes normal intron 5 splicing of mTor. Pre-adipocytes of Sam68 deficient mice showed differentiation defects and decreased commitment to adipocyte lineage. These mice were lean and unresponsive to dietary induced obesity. Exon-wide microarray analysis of white adipose tissue from Sam68-null mice identified upregulation of a truncated isoform of mTor; mTori5 , that transcriptionally terminates within intron 5 due to lack of splicing at the upstream 5´splice sites. However, the mechanism by which SAM68 regulates splicing events, particularly in the context of splice site recognition, has not been characterized till date. In this doctoral thesis, I describe an in-depth study on the role of SAM68 and the intronic enhancer regions in mTor intron 5 in the recognition of its upstream 5´splice site. My results uncover a novel role of SAM68 in modulating U1 snRNP recruitment at 5´splice sites. I describe the biochemical characterization of SAM68 interaction with U1A, the core component of U1 snRNP and the role of SAM68 tyrosine phosphorylation in modulating this interaction. I also describe how SAM68 by its interaction with U1 snRNP plays a crucial role in masking cryptic intronic polyadenylation signals in a subset of genes. Collectively, this study will contribute to advanced understanding of intronic elements and the role of SAM68 in affecting crucial splicing decisions.
Clavel, Marion. "Les protéines de liaison à l'ARN double brin DRB d'Arabidopsis thaliana : petits ARN, épigénétique et contrôle transcriptionnel." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1255.
Full textBruckert, Hélène. "Caractérisation d'Hrp48, une protéine de liaison aux ARNs, lors de la morphogenèse axonale chez la drosophile." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4063.
Full textRecent studies have shown that post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play essential roles in axon growth and guidance, processes involved in the establishment of neuronal circuits during development. To study these mechanisms in vivo, my project aimed at characterizing the role of the RNA-binding protein Hrp48, which belongs to the conserved hnRNP A/B family. I showed that inactivating hrp48 function leads to strong and specific axon migration defects, including axon misguidance and overextension. Notably, I have observed that the frequency of hrp48 mutant phenotypes is much higher in females than in males. Moreover, I showed that the female-specific Sex-lethal protein ectopically accumulates in the nucleus of mutant cells. This abnormal nuclear accumulation could explain the sex-specific defects observed in axonal migration. In parallel, I could show that inactivation of sema-1α, an Hrp48 putative mRNA target, causes defects similar to those observed in hrp48 mutants, and that hrp48 and sema-1 α genetically interact. Moreover, the overall levels of sema-1 α transcripts are much lower in females than in males. These results suggest that sema-1 α misregulation may induce the sex-specific defects in axonal growth observe upon hrp48 downregulation. Tis work has allowed us to propose a preliminary in vivo model for a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism controlled by a member of the hnRNP A/B family. Furthermore, it has revealed cryptic differences between females and males in the context of recent studies revealing sex-specific differences in the control of gene expression
Rondeau, Evelyne. "Identification d'interacteurs moléculaires et génétiques des argonautes impliqués dans la voie des microARN chez C. Elegans." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25600/25600.pdf.
Full textIn eukaryotes, microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which have the role of regulating genes essential for development and cellular differentiation. Beside the RNAse III family members (Drosha and Dicer) and the Argonaute proteins ALG-1 and ALG-2 in C. elegans, essential components of this gene regulation pathway are still not uncovered. In order to characterize the implication of Argonaute proteins ALG-1 and ALG-2 in microRNA pathway, we used two approaches. First, we studied the interaction between microRNA and ALG-1 during worm development by microarray analysis of microRNA associated to ALG-1. From this analysis, we observed that the majority, but not the totality, of microRNA are associated to ALG-1, mostly at early developmental stages. Secondly, to identify new components of microRNA pathway, we conducted a genetic screen to identify new interactors of alg-2. Our screen is based on the synthetic lethality feature of alg-2 and alg-1 genes. In absence of both genes, the animal can not survive. With this synthetic lethal screen, we want to identify new genes that work in synergy with alg-2, like alg-1, interacting in the same genetic pathway. The worms have been mutagenized and 11 mutants, classified in 5 complementation groups, have been collected. By using various mapping techniques, we localized the mutation on mutant sla-1(qbc1) on chromosome V, between the genetic positions of -12.7 and -3.65.
Le, Bras Morgane. "Rôle des protéines de liaison à l'ARN hnRNP H et hnRNP F dans les régulations traductionnelles dans les glioblastomes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30277.
Full textGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and resistance to treatments of gliomas could improve treatment efficiency. Recently, it has been demonstrated that translational regulations play a key role in the GBM aggressivity. RNA binding proteins (RBP) are major regulators of these processes and have altered expression / activity in GBM. The RBP hnRNP H and hnRNP F (HF) are among the most overexpressed RBP in GBM and their role in GBM translational regulation has never been investigated yet. We hypothesize that HF are at the core of a post-transcriptional regulation network which impacts the translational machinery that controls GBM tumor development and resistance to treatment. We have demonstrated that hnRNP H and hnRNP F regulate proliferation and response to treatment because their depletion (i) decreases the GBM proliferation (cell line model, spheroid and in vivo xenografts), (ii) activates the DNA damage response pathways and (iii) sensitizes the GBM cells to irradiation. We have identified HF as new regulators of GBM translation. Indeed, our data show that hnRNP H and hnRNP F control mRNA translation by regulating expression/activity of initiation factors and in collaboration with RNA helicases by targeting mRNA involved in oncogenic processes and containing secondary structures called G-quadruplex in their 5'UTR. The data that we have generated suggest that HF are essential translational regulators involved in tumor development and resistance to treatment in GBM
Noiret, Maud. "Étude des protéines de liaison à l'ARN des familles PTB et ARE-BP au cours du développement chez le xénope." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2012. https://ecm.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a420494c-0828-469e-bd2f-60a70118ef9f.
Full textMy work has focused on the function of RNA binding-proteins during early development in Xenopus. I first documented the expression pattern of members of the AU-rich element binding protein (ARE-BP) and of the polypyrimidin tract binding protein (PTB) families during development. Study of the expression patterns of five members of the ARE-BP family (AUF1, KSRP, HuR, TIA1 and TTP) has underlined the broad role and the redundancy of expression of four of these proteins. Conversely, the highly specific expression pattern of TTP in macrophages suggests a potential function for this ARE-BP in hematopoietic development. My study of the PTB family (PTBP1, PTBP2 and PTBP3), has showed that each paralog presents a unique pattern of expression emphasizing their diverse functions during development. From previous work in the lab we knew that morpholino mediated knockdown of both PTBP1 and EXOSC9, a component of the RNA exosome, generated similar defects in the dorsal fin morphology. To identify the molecular origin of these defects we realized the transcriptome analysis by high throughput sequencing (RNA-Seq) of both morphants embryos. I produced cDNA libraries of control and morphant embryos and the sequencing was performed at the Genoscope. Analysis of a known PTBP1 target showed that even modest modifications of alternative splicing could be detected in our data sets. In addition, because these defects are not found in the EXOSC9 morphants it validated its use as an additional screen to exclude splicing events not involved in the epidermal defects. Identification of RNA whose deregulation may be involved in the fin phenotype is currently under study for a set of candidate genes
Noiret, Maud. "Étude des protéines de liaison à l'ARN des familles PTB et ARE-BP au cours du développement chez le xénope." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786151.
Full textBrottier, Philippe. "Étude fonctionnelle d'une protéine non structurale de rotavirus : la protéine NS53 fixe le zinc et l'ARN." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD402.
Full textBossevain, Clémentine. "Formation des P-bodies et régulations post-transcriptionnelles associées à leurs facteurs d'assemblage dans les cellules humaines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS019.
Full textP-bodies (PBs) are ribonucleoprotein granules where thousands of mRNAs especially AU-rich, and hundreds of proteins concentrate. Among these proteins, three repressors of translation: DDX6, LSM14A and 4E-T are required to assemble PBs. In a first part, we looked at PB assembly mechanism. We identified by a TAP-tag approach coupled to mass spectrometry analysis protein partners of LSM14A, its paralog LSM14B and 4E-T. Crossing their interactomes with already known DDX6 and PB interactomes revealed 8 new PB assembly candidates. We demonstrate that one of them, ILF3, contributes to PB maintenance. Concerning LSM14A, we show that a fraction of LSM14A associates to the initiation complex. In a second part, related to the influence of GC content on post-transcriptional regulations, we asked: if DDX6, LSM14A and 4E-T have a RNA-binding preference that could explain accumulation of AU-rich mRNAs in PBs, how global localization of miRNA targets in/out PB is informative in regards to mRNA regulation mechanism by miRNAs, and which other parameters apart from mRNA GC content could influence mRNA localization to PBs. Our analyses show: that out of the 3 PB assembly factors, only 4E-T has a preference for AU-rich mRNAs, that localization to PBs of miRNA targets is correlated to their translational repression by DDX6 and that retention of AU-rich mRNAs on membranes and ribosomes competes with their localization to PBs
Bouasker, Samir. "Participation de l'activité endonucléasique des protéines argonautes ALG-1 et ALG-2 dans la maturation des miARN chez C. Elegans." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29019/29019.pdf.
Full textRomero, barrios Natali. "Non-codings RNAs, regulators of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana root developmental plasticity Noncoding Transcription by Alternative RNA Polymerases Dynamically Regulates an Auxin-Driven Chromatin Loop Battles and hijacks: noncoding transcription in plants Long noncoding RNA modulates alternative splicing regulators in Arabidopsis Detection of generic differential RNA processing events from RNA-seq data." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS128.
Full textIn the last years, high-throughput sequencing techniques have made possible to identify thousands of noncoding RNAs and a plethora of different mRNA processing events occurring in higher organisms. This led to a better understanding of different regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key players in the regulation of varied developmental processes. They can act directly in a long form by lncRNA-protein interactions or be processed into shorter small si/miRNAs, leading to mRNA cleavage, translational repression or epigenetic DNA/chromatin modification of their targets. In this study, we aim to understand the mechanism of action of lncRNAs in plant development. Initially, I contributed to the analysis of the action of the APOLO lncRNA in chromatin topology regulation. Then, I focused my work on the lncRNA ASCO (Alternative Splicing COmpetitor) that interacts with NSRs (Nuclear Speckles RNA-binding Proteins) to modulate the splicing pattern of NSR-regulated mRNA targets. Auxin treatment induces NSRb and represses ASCO expression in roots. The nsra/b double mutant and ASCO overexpressing lines treated with auxin are partially impaired in lateral root formation. Using a new bioinformatic tool called “RNAprof”, we detected 1885 differential RNA processing events genome-wide in auxin-treated nsra/b mutants compared to WT. Among them, we identified ARF19, a key regulator of auxin signaling in lateral root initiation and development. I demonstrated that ARF19 is directly bound by both NSRs and that in the nsra/b double mutant ARF19 is alternatively polyadenylated leading to a short transcript isoform. Furthermore, among the transcriptionally deregulated genes in the nsra/b mutant plants, I identified an important group related to ethylene response. I further showed that several of these genes are also deregulated in the arf19-1 and arf19-2 mutants plants in response to auxin, supporting a role of ARF19 in the auxin-ethylene crosstalk. NSRb is also induced by ethylene and the inhibition of ethylene synthesis by AVG rescues the nsra/b double mutant lateral root phenotype in response to auxin. Moreover, AVG and ASCO overexpression lead to increased accumulation of the ARF19 short isoform. Altogether, this study shed new light on the role of the lncRNA ASCO in the regulation of RNA processing by hijacking NSRs and the capacity of non-coding RNAs to modulate splicing
De, Queiroz Bruna. "La localisation axonale des ARNms est essentielle à la formation de mémoire à long-terme chez la drosophile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. https://intranet-theses.unice.fr/2023COAZ6039.
Full textLong-term memories are established and maintained in the brain by long-term molecular and structural changes occurring at synapses in response to neuronal activation. Such changes require new gene expression, involving not only neuron-wide transcription and translation of RNAs, but also local translation of quiescent mRNAs transported to axons or dendrites and stored at synapses as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. Whether RNA transport and local RNA translation are required for long-term memory (LTM) in the context of memory circuits, and how they are regulated remain to be demonstrated. Addressing this question in vivo has remained challenging due to the difficulty in specifically perturbing local RNA regulation. The objectives of my PhD project were: (1) to characterize the pool of mRNAs that localize to synapses in Drosophila memory circuits, (2) to identify the mechanistic basis of mRNA transport to axons, and (3) to investigate the role of mRNA localization dependent on the RNA-binding protein Imp in short-term memory and LTM formation.Focusing on Mushroom Bodies (MB), which are the main structures involved in associative learning and memory formation, I identified through high-resolution smFISH imaging mRNAs with varying axonal abundances, some exhibiting compartment-specific recruitment. To better understand the mechanisms underlying axonal mRNA localization, I investigated the localization of mRNA targets of Imp, a conserved component of transport complexes selectively recruited to MB γ axons. Analyzing the distribution of reporter constructs showed that their transport depends on 3'UTR sequences. Furthermore, this work revealed that axonal targeting of a subset of these mRNAs is altered upon deletion of the Imp prion-like domain (PLD), a domain required for Imp axonal transport. To functionally assess the importance of local RNA regulation in vivo, I then developed and performed courtship conditioning assays using Imp-ΔPLD flies, in which Imp RNA transport is selectively altered. Thus, I uncovered that Imp-ΔPLD flies fail to establish LTM, but exhibit normal short-term memory, a phenotype induced by the loss of functional Imp specifically in MB γ neurons.Together, this work uncovered a selective mechanism underlying the targeting of RNAs to presynaptic compartments of memory circuits in vivo and demonstrated its physiological importance for the establishment of long-term associative memory
Mennour, Sabrina. "Activité de liaison à l’ARN des protéines de la voie de signalisation MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) dans le mélanome LncRNA-Mediated Protein-Protein Scaffolding in Intracellular Signal Transduction Pathways." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL062.
Full textRecent studies have underscored the importance of RNAs in the regulation of protein-protein interactions. By allowing the assembly of protein complexes, non-coding RNAs act as scaffolds and thus promote protein-protein interactions in order to regulate the chromatin state. RNAs are also able to interact with proteins in order to modulate their activities, interactions or localisation. In the cytoplasm, signalling pathways are regulated through a cascade of protein-protein interactions. In the MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) signalling pathway, the binding of a ligand to a membrane receptor triggers a cascade of phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions that allow the transduction of the signal. Abnormal activity of this pathway through increased ligand binding or activating mutations lead to cellular dysfunction associated with tumor initiation and progression.The potential role of RNAs in the direct regulation of protein-protein interactions of key cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways remains largely unknown. The aim of the thesis was to investigate and demonstrate the direct RNA binding activity of proteins involved in the MAPK pathway and to evaluate the role of RNA-protein interactions on intracellular signalling.Using a combination of CLIP (crosslinking and immunoprecipitation) and silica matrix-based affinity capture (2C complex capture) approaches that can uncover direct interactions between proteins and RNAs in vivo, we demonstrated a direct interaction between key MAPK signalling proteins and RNA in melanoma cells. Subsequent microscopy studies using proximity ligation assay (PLA) led us to demonstrate an RNA-dependent modulation of protein-protein interactions in the MAPK pathway, suggesting that an RNA component is involved in the stabilization of these protein-protein interactions. We specifically identified a deletion mutant in BRAF, a central oncogenic protein and therapeutic target in melanoma, that lacks RNA binding activity and harbors decreased signalling activity.By highlighting the existence of an RNA-mediated modulation of protein-protein interactions, this study shows the unprecedented importance of the RNA binding activity of key signal transduction proteins that should be considered in the understanding and targeting of tumor cells
Bourdon, Sebastien. "Régulation des ARN G-Quadruplexes par les protéines de liaison à l'ARN et leur interaction avec les N6-Méthyladénosines dans les cellules du cancer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES129.
Full textCancer development and response to treatments are associated to post-transcriptional rewiring which in turn modifies the cancer proteome qualitatively and/or quantitatively. Post-transcriptional regulation involves RNA binding proteins (RBP) interacting with cis-acting elements like RNA sequences, modifications or structures. Among the cis-regulators, non-canonical structures, called RNA G-Quadruplexes (RG4), and N6-methyladenosines modifications (m6A), play a critical role in shaping post-transcriptional expression of cancer genes and their targeting is currently investigated in pre-clinical studies. One major challenge in the field lies in understanding the mechanisms controlling selectivity in m6A deposition, reading and removal, as well as deciphering RG4 folding and regulators. Whether m6A and RG4 colocalize and regulate each other remains to be fully investigated. Another key challenge is to link RG4-protein interactions in transcripts to cancer-relevant biological functions by leveraging predictions of RG4 structuration and experimental data on RG4 and RBP.My thesis project tackled these two challenges centered on the cis- and trans- regulation of RG4s, using multidisciplinary approaches including bioinformatics, molecular and cellular biology. To globally map and characterize RG4 trans-acting regulators, we developed QUADRatlas (https://rg4db.cibio.unitn.it), a database of experimentally-derived and computationally predicted RG4 in the human transcriptome, linked with their biological function and disease associations (Bourdon et al, NAR, 2023). This work provides a broad access to a manually curated catalogue of known RG4-binding proteins, complemented with an extensive RBP binding sites dataset to discover new potential RG4-RBP interactions. Our study on the interplay between RG4 and m6A revealed their colocalization in the human coding transcriptome. We demonstrated in vitro that RG4 stability was not inhibited by m6A presence. However, we showed that the stabilisation of RG4 decreased global m6A level in cancer cell lines. To explain this effect, we studied the ability of RBP to bind RG4, m6A or RG4 containing m6A (RG4(m6A)) and found that RG4 could act as a platform for m6A binding proteins and thus regulate their presence on transcripts. This work provides insights on the co-regulation of two major mRNA cis-acting elements by RBP. Future analyses will then be needed to unravel the effect of RG4(m6A) colocalization on cancer gene expression
Formicola, Nadia. "Remodelage des granules ARN en réponse à l’activité neuronale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR6008.
Full textOne of the most fascinating – and still open – questions in neuroscience is how neuronal cells can form, store and then recall memories. Previous work has shown that Long-term memory (LTM) formation requires de novo protein synthesis, involving not only translation of newly transcribed RNAs, but also local, experience-induced translation of quiescent mRNAs carried and stored at synapses. For their transport and translational control, mRNAs are packaged with regulatory RNA binding proteins (RBPs), mainly translational repressors, into ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. To date, how neuronal RNP granules are remodelled in response to neuronal activity to relieve translation repression of mRNAs is unclear. Furthermore, the functional impact of such a remodelling in the establishment of long-term memories remains to be demonstrated in vivo. The objective of my PhD was to 1) investigate the in vivo mechanisms underlying activity-dependent remodelling of neuronal RNP granules; 2) test the hypothesis that RNPs could be involved in LTM-underlying mechanisms by regulating gene expression. To this end, I used as paradigm RNPs containing the conserved RBP Imp in Drosophila. First, I studied the impact of neuronal activity on Imp RNP properties by treating Drosophila brain explants with either KCl or the tyramine neuropeptide. In both cases, a disassembly of Imp RNPs was observed, characterized by a loss of both Imp and other RNP-component granular patterns, and a de-clustering of RNP-associated mRNA molecules. RNP disassembly could be reverted upon Tyramine withdrawal and was not observed in hyperpolarized neurons. Furthermore, my data suggest that RNP-disassembly is linked to increased translation of associated mRNAs, consistent with a model in which activity-induced RNP remodelling would lead to translational de-repression. Second, I investigated the mechanisms controlling RNP remodelling. A candidate regulator was CamkII, a conserved Ca2+ -activated kinase identified as a partner of Imp in an IP-Mass Spectrometry analysis. During my PhD, I could validate the Imp-CamkII interaction and showed that it is not mediated by RNA but depends on CamkII activity. Furthermore, I showed that inactivating CamkII function prevents the disassembly of Imp RNPs observed upon neuronal activation of brain explants, suggesting that CamkII may be involved in the activity-dependent remodelling of Imp RNP granules. These results are particularly interesting in the context of establishment of LTM, as CamkII has long been recognized as essential for LTM. Moreover, we recently showed in Drosophila that interfering with Imp function in a population of CNS neurons involved in learning and memory – the Mushroom Body γ neurons -, dramatically impairs LTM and that this effect relies on Imp C-terminal Prion-like domain, a domain known to be involved in RNP homeostasis. Altogether, my thesis work suggests a model where CamkII-dependent remodelling of Imp RNPs in response to neuronal activation might underlie LTM formation in vivo
Bonnet-Magnaval, Florence. "Le rôle de la protéine de liaison à l'ARN Staufen 1 dans le développement et la progression tumorale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30383/document.
Full textOne of the characteristics of cancer cells lies in the modification of their ability to adapt to various stresses compared to healthy cells. The afferent modulation of gene expression can occur at two levels: transcriptional and post-transcriptional. Most of the efforts for understanding the gene expression process are focused on transcriptional regulation study. However, a quick and effective way to modify gene expression is the ability to regulate the "mRNA pool" by intervening in post-transcriptional level. Besides, changes in mRNA stability and/or translation efficiency in a context such as cellular stress in tumors and interactions involving RNA / protein are increasingly studied in the case of cancers. A deeper knowledge of these mechanisms will allow a better understanding of 1 / the involvement of RNA binding proteins (RBP) in tumor development and the 2 / the consideration of the development of targeted cancer therapies. We focused on the study of a relevant RBP for cancer development process, but very few studies have been undertaken on this issue: the Staufen1 protein (Stau1). Stau1 is a family member of double-stranded RNA-binding proteins. This RBP contributes to the post-transcriptional regulation of many genes through its involvement in mechanisms that will promote the transport, the derepression of translation and the induction of degradation of specific RNA transcripts (mRNA). Stau1 also appears as a regulator of specific genes expressed in respond to cellular stress induced by an unfavorable tumor microenvironment. The transcripts regulated by Stau1 can be divided into a wide range of functional categories. Interestingly, a large proportion of Stau1 targets encode proteins which regulate many critical biological cell processes in cancer development. Regarding Stau1 regulatory role and its involvement in the response to cellular stress, we made assumptions that the modification of Stau1 expression could have an impact on various levels of development and tumor progression. This project will be considered from two aspects 1/ the study of Stau1 expression under cellular stress 2/ the impact of Stau1 repression on tumor development
Rengifo, Gonzalez Juan. "Caractérisation structurale de TDP-43, une protéine de liaison à l’ARN, impliquée dans la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique (SLA)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASE008.
Full textAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease without any cure. The prevalence of ALS accounts for 2.5 to 3 cases per 100.000 inhabitants. This thesis work is devoted to TDP-43, an RNA-binding protein involved in ALS and found in cytoplasmic inclusions of neurons and motor neurons from ALS patients. The targets of TDP-43 are primarily GU-rich RNA sequences. In physiological conditions, TDP-43 localizes predominantly in the nucleus. The functions of this protein are associated to the splicing of messenger RNAs as well as the maturation and transport of RNAs. TDP-43 is also involved in the neuronal plasticity and in the formation of membrane-less compartments called “liquid-liquid phases” through the formation of stress granules (SGs). While the high-order TDP-43 self-assembly by its structured N-terminal (NTD) and the intrinsically disordered C-terminal domains (CTD) has been extensively studied, the role of the RRM domains responsible for the RNA binding remains unaddressed. Therefore, the mechanism dissecting the role of high-order TDP-43/RNA complexes in maintaining TDP-43 functional, in normal and pathological conditions, needs to be investigated.Through an integrative approach, we undertook an in-deep study regarding the TDP-43 binding on long poly-GU sequences which are found in the intronic regions of many TDP-43 target pre-mRNAs. We have shown that TDP-43 binds on poly-GU targets in a cooperative manner by self-assembling into multimers. A 3D structural model has been also obtained which highlights an interaction interface between deux monomeric TDP-43 units leading to the protein multimerization. This intermolecular interface involves a pocket centered around the V220 residue, located in the RRM2 domain of the first TDP-43 monomer and the loop 3 of RRM1 of the second monomer. The amino acid residues and the intermolecular interactions essential for the interface stability have been identified. Additionally, we have investigated, by in cellulo methods, several mutant forms of TDP-43 in which the cooperativity is impaired. Thus, we demonstrate that the cooperative binding of TDP-43 on mRNAs is critical to maintain the solubility of nuclear TDP-43 and the miscibility of TDP-43 condensates within cytoplasmic SGs. Based on the results presented here, we propose a mechanistic model in which the high-order TDP-43 assemblies promoted by the RRM domains bound to the RNA, constitutes a steric barrier limiting short range self-interactions between consecutive NTDs and CTDs of adjacent monomeric TDP-43 units. These assemblies may therefore favorize the dynamics and solubility of TDP-43/mRNA complexes. Impairments in the cooperative interaction of these complexes may lead to an anarchic attachment of TDP-43 along mRNAs leading to an increased occurrence of self-attraction between the NTDs and CTDs. Impaired multimers may then promote the TDP-43 aggregation. In conclusion, the TDP-43 multimerization on target RNA platforms would play a crucial role in processes linked to the control of its aggregation and mRNA splicing
Leriche, Mélissa. "Mise en évidence d’une interaction entre la protéine 53BP1 et les fragments d’Okazaki." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS065.
Full textMaintenance of genome integrity is essential for cell survival. It is only recently that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been shown as fundamental actors in this process. In the presence of DNA damage, RBPs regulate the expression of DNA damage response (DDR) related genes and control cell fate. RBPs also have a more direct role in preventing and repairing DNA damage. Moreover, some RNAs are present at sites of DNA damage and, thus, participate in the maintenance of genome integrity. The laboratory is interested in proteins that are both able to directly bind RNA and involved in DDR. One candidate is the 53BP1 protein (p53 binding protein 1) that contains an RNA-binding domain called GAR domain (Glycin-Arginin Rich). 53BP1 is a key protein mediating the signalling of DNA double-strand breaks and channels DNA repair to the non-homologous end-joining pathway during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The recruitment of 53BP1 to sites of DNA damage depends on both histones marks and an RNA component.The objective was to study the interaction between 53BP1 and RNA.By using CLIP (CrossLinking and Immunoprecipitation) and 2C (Complex Capture) technologies, we showed that 53BP1 presents a direct RNA-binding activity within its GAR domain. We identified the nucleic acid interacting with 53BP1 as being an RNA-DNA chimera composed of about 10 ribonucleotides, followed by about 100 dexoribonucleotides. This type of entity is highly similar to that of Okazaki fragments, that are involved in the initiation of lagging strand synthesis at replication forks. By using the SIRF method (In Situ Protein Interaction with Nascent DNA Replication Forks), we showed that 53BP1 is localized at sites of newly synthetized DNA, under normal conditions of replication. Furthermore, depletion of the catalytic sub-unit of the primase (PRIM1), that catalyzes the synthesis of the RNA primer of Okazaki fragments, results in a decrease in 53BP1 at sites of newly synthetized DNA. PRIM1 depletion also decreases the interaction between 53BP1 and RNA-DNA chimera in vivo. These results indicate that 53BP1 is localized at the replication fork through a direct interaction with Okazaki fragments. Likewise, under replicative stress induced by hydroxyurea, the presence of 53BP1 at the newly synthetized DNA is increased, indicating that 53BP1 accumulates at stalled replication forks. Altogether, these results show that 53BP1 is an RNA-binding protein that directly interacts with Okazaki fragments
Huot, Marc-Étienne. "Études de l'expression des protéines fragile X related 1 (FXR1P) durant le développement des vertébrés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22666/22666.pdf.
Full textFragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) is part of a mRNA-binding proteins family that includes the Fragile X Related 1 and 2 proteins (FXR1P and FXR2P). These proteins share multiple functional domains typical of mRNA-binding domain (two KH domains and 1 RGG box) as well as a nuclear and a cytoplasmic localization domain. Whereas absence of FMRP is the cause of Fragile X Mental Retardation in human, it is not known whether FXR1P and FXR2P are associated to any pathology and whether these homologous proteins can compensate for the absence of FMRP in the case of the Fragile X syndrome. Knockout mice for FXR proteins are powerful tools that are commonly used in research to shed light on the functions of these proteins and point out their embryonic involvement. However, the Fxr1 knockout mouse didn’t proved to be a good model as the two mentioned above. In mammals, we have shown that FXR1 play a key role in muscle differentiation, since two of the six isoforms are muscle specific and are believed to be essential for the normal development of the cardiac and skeletal muscle. Although essential for embryonic development, it is nearly impossible to study the developmental implication of the differential expression of these tissues specific proteins in mammals due to the large number of FXR1P isoform. Simpler model such as drosophila melanogaster are being used, but this model have only one proteins (dFMRP) which is expressed ubiquitously in this organism and do not represent the tissue specific expression of some of the family member. We choose an intermediate model such as Xenopus laevis, which is an extensively used model for developmental studies, and proceeded with the inactivation of xFxr1. In Xenopus laevis, we found two different xFxr1 proteins isoform; one short isoform (84 KDa) is ubiquitously expressed in every tissues except in muscle, whereas the long isoform (88 KDa) is expressed only in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Specific inactivation of xFxr1 messengers during the early development gave us new insight on the specific functions of these proteins during the embryogenesis and primary myogenesis.
Hobeika, Maria. "Propriétés stucturales et fonctionnelles du domaine UBA de Mex67 : le récepteur d'export nucléaire des ARNm." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077225.
Full textConcomitantly to their transcription, newly synthesised mRNAs undergo several processing steps leading to export competent ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNP). Fully mature mRNPs are recognised by the essential mRNA export receptor Mex67 in yeast, TAP in metazoans, which promotes their translocation through the nuclear pore complex. Recent studies have shown that the ubiquitin pathway is involved in the regulation of mRNA nuclear export. Interestingly, the essential mRNA export receptor Mex67/TAP harbours in its C-terminus a UBA (Ubiquitin associated) domain so far described to interact with nucleoporins. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the structural and functional properties of the UBA domain of Mex67 in order to better understand the role of ubiquitylation in mRNA export. Our studies first showed that the UBA of Mex67 is able to bind ubiquitin and led to the identification of distinct and ubiquitinylated spécifie UBA-Mex67 interacting proteins implicated in different steps of transcription, including Hpr1, a transcription elongation factor and Swd2 which participates in histone H3 methylation and 3' end processing of mRNAs. The determination by NMR of the structure of the UBA domain of Mex67 has revealed a classical UBA-fold consisting of three alpha helices. However, it differs from other studied UBA domains by the presence of an additional C-terminal helix (helix H4). We found that helix H4 interferes with the ability of the UBA domain to interact with ubiquitin. However, H4 is also essential for the interaction with specific substrates like Hpr1 and once engaged in such interaction, a conformational change occurs that unmasks the ubiquitin binding site and restores the ability of UBA-Mex67 to interact ubiquitin. Altogether, these results led us to propose that the additional fourth helix of the UBA domain of Mex67 acts as a molecular switch that restricts UBA-Mex67/ubiquitin interaction to specific targets. In vivo, we reported that the UBA domain of Mex67 is not only required for proper nuclear export but also contributes to early co-transcriptional recruitment of the receptor. We showed that the interaction between UBA of Mex67 and Hpr1 facilitates the recruitment of the receptor coupling by this way nuclear export to transcription elongation. More generally, we proposed a working hypothesis in which Mex67 could participate in the coordination of biogenesis and export machineries due to the dynamic interaction of its UBA domain with specific partners implicated in different steps of mRNAs biogenesis
Vijayakumar, Jeshlee Cyril. "Rôle du domaine de type prion de Imp dans la régulation des granules RNP neuronaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4099.
Full textEukaryotic mRNAs are bound by RNA Binding Proteins (RBP) and packaged into diverse range of macromolecular assemblies named RNP granules. In neurons, transport RNP granules are implicated in the transport of specific mRNAs to axons or dendrites, and in their local translation in response to external cues. Although little is known about the assembly and regulation of these granules in vivo, growing evidence indicates that the presence of Prion Like domains (PLD) within RBPs favours multivalent protein–protein and protein-RNA interactions, promoting the transition of soluble complexes into RNP granules. The conserved RBP Imp is as a core component of RNP granules that are actively transported to axons upon neuronal remodelling in Drosophila. Furthermore, Imp function was shown to be required for axonal remodelling during Drosophila nervous system maturation. Analyses of the domain architecture of the Imp protein revealed that, in addition to four RNA binding domains (RBD), Imp contains a Cterminal domain showing a striking enrichment in Glutamines and Serines, which is one of the characteristics of a PLD. During my PhD, I explored the function of the PLD in the context of granule assembly and transport. In cultured cells, I observed that Imp granules assembled in the absence of the PLD, however their number and size were increased. Proteins with scrambled PLD sequence accumulated in granules of normal size and number, implying that the degree of disorder of this domain, and not its sequence, is essential for granule homeostasis. Moreover, FRAP experiments, performed on cultured cells and in vivo, revealed that Imp PLD is important to maintain the turnover of these granules. In vivo, this domain is both necessary and sufficient for efficient transport of Imp granules to axons. These defects are associated with a reduction on the number of motile granules in axons. Furthermore, mutant forms lacking the PLD do not rescue the axon remodelling defects observed upon imp loss of function. Finally, a swapping experiment in which I moved Imp PLD from the C-terminus to the N-terminus of the protein revealed that the functions of Imp PLD in granule transport and homeostasis are uncoupled, and that PLD-dependent modulation of Imp granule properties is dispensable in vivo. Together, my results show that Imp PLD of is not required for the assembly of RNP granules, but rather regulates granule number and dynamics. Furthermore, my work uncovered an unexpected in vivo function for a PLD in axonal transport and remodelling during nervous system maturation
Raji, Bahija. "Etude de l'expression des protéines Musashi1 et Partner of Inscuteable Pins dans l'oeil de souris au cours de développement et à l'âge adulte." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077145.
Full textIn this work, we studied the expression and the role of the Musashi1 and partner of inscuteable (Pins) proteins in the development of the eye. We showed an expression of Msi1 in various potential sites of ocular stem cells during the development and at adulthood. These zones include the retina, ciliary body, iris, pigmentary epithelium, lens, cornea and the limbus. Msi1 is also present in the adult neurons. This distribution in various ocular compartiments and at various stages of the development suggests that Msi1 could play an important role at multiple stages of the eye development. Msi1 could be also implied in physiology and function of the adult neurons. We also showed that the Pins protein is expressed in the retinal cells very early during the embryonic development where it could play an important role in stem/progenitors cells division. The expression of Pins protein in the photoreceptors, implied in Visual transduction, suggests that this protein could play an important role in this process. In addition, the predominent expression of Pins protein in the lens epithelial cells and fibers lens at the adulthood pointed out the probable important roles of this protein in the growth and the maintenance of the physiological properties of the lens. Keywords: Musashi1, Pins, asymmetric cell division, stem cells, adult neurons
Saliou, Jean-Michel. "Etude sur le complexe TAR/Tat/cycline T1 Et Etude des régulations de l'épissage de l'ARN pré-messager du virus HIV-1 : effet global des protéines virales et analyse fine du rôle des protéines SR ASF/SF2 et 9G8 au site accepteur A3." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10151/document.
Full textThis work of thesis contained two different parts : the one concerns the study of the TAR/Tat/cycline T1 complex involved in the transactivation of the transcription of the HIV-1 RNA, the other one concerns various facets of the regulation of the splicing of the HIV-1 RNA. The interaction of the viral protein Tat with the TAR element present in the 5 ' extremity of the HIV-1 RNA on one hand, and the cycline T1, composing of the complex p-TEFb responsible for the hyperphosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II on the other hand, is essential to obtain viral RNA of full length. In the objective to realize a structural study of the complex TAR/Tat/cycline T1, TAR RNA and a fragment of the cycline T1 were produced in appropriate quantities. Numerous attempts of complexation of three partners (TAR, Tat and cycline T1) were made, but the quality of crystals was not sufficient for a radiocristallographic study of the complex. Splicing is a major stage of the cycle of reproduction of the virus HIV-1. His RNA contains 5 donor splice sites and 8 acceptor splice sites whose combined use allows the production 9 viral ORF. The variations of the alternative épissage of HIV-1 RNA according to the expression of viral proteins Tat and Rev were studied. We besides studied the effect of proteins SR on the use of acceptor splice sites A2 and A3. The fine study of the regulating element ESEt of the site A3 revealed the involvement of the SR protein 9G8 in the complex regulation of this site
Kobayashi, Lejars Asaki. "UHM-ULM interactions in spliceosomal complexes : structural characterization and targeting with small molecules." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL042.
Full textGene expression requires many layers ofregulation among which splicing consists in the removalof sequences from primary transcripts. For thisprocess, a macromolecular machinery, the spliceosome,undergoes a dynamic assembly through protein-protein, RNA-RNA and protein-RNA interactionsin a stepwise manner. The simplified view of assemblyof the spliceosome is that first, the ribonucleoproteinU1 snRNP recognizes the 5’ splice site, Splicing Factor1 (SF1) binds the branchpoint sequence andU2snRNP auxiliary factor (U2AF) binds the polypyrimidinetract and 3' splice site (complex E). U2AF assiststhe recruitment of U2 snRNP to the branch point sequenceto form the A complex. Later, the recruitmentof U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP forges the B complex, uponwhich, structural rearrangements release U1 and U4snRNPs leading to the catalytic C complex. U2AF is aheterodimer, with its 35kDa subunit (U2AF35) boundthrough its U2AF Homology Motif (UHM) domain tothe ULM (UHM Ligand Motif) of the 65kDa subunit(U2AF65). In addition, U2AF65 presents two RNArecognition motifs, a C-terminal UHM and a N-terminalarginine-serine (RS) rich low complexity domain(LCD). In this model, the RS domain of U2AF65 stabilizesthe U2snRNA-branchpoint sequence duplex andthe U2AF65-UHM domain recognizes successively theULM motif of SF1 and several ULMs in the U2snRNPsubunit SF3b155. In vitro, the affinity of U2AF65 forSF1 is relatively better than for SF3b155. LCD are often involved in the formation of condensatesthrough liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS),which contribute for example to the compartmentalizationof biological molecules in membrane-less organelles.We have previously reported that U2AF65promotes the formation of such condensates viaLLPS. In line with this work, we have characterized theU2AF65 interactions supported by condensates formationrelatively to physicochemical parameters, includingsalt concentration and temperature, as wellas the length of the RS domain and its amino acidcomposition. Furthermore, LLPS can be modulatedby post-translational modifications. We havedemonstrated that the phosphorylation state of theRS domain modulates the formation of U2AF65condensates in vitro. Using pulldown experimentsand immunoprecipitations, we demonstrate thatthe deletion of the RS domain prevents the interactionof U2AF65 with both SF1 and SF3b155, whichstrongly indicates the actual contribution of the RSdomain in UHM-ULM interaction.In parallel, we compared, using nuclear magneticresonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the interactions ofthe hydrophobic core of the U2AF65-UHM domainwith the ULM domains of SF1 and SF3b155. Perturbationsof the 15N-U2AF65-UHM HSQC spectrumindicates that SF3b155 interaction with U2AF65-UHM is supported by at least three ULMs, which isconsistent with previous reports. In agreement, increasingthe stoichiometry of U2AF65-UHM against15N-SF3b155-ULM reveals stepwise changes inchemical shift perturbations of at least three tryptophanresidues, in the SF3b155-ULM spectrum. Interestingly,these HSQC spectra of SF3b155-ULMdid not reveal any structuration upon U2AF65-UHMbinding, suggesting a role of this dynamics to favourthe binding to several ULMs and the formationof U2AF65 condensates in the presence ofSF3b155.Lastly, we initiated a collaboration with the Synsightcompany in order to identify molecules ableto perturbate UHM-ULM interactions. Through insilico analyses, we obtained a small molecule (C13)displaying affinity for U2AF65-UHM as evidenced byNMR analyses. Through NMR and molecular dynamics(MD) simulations, we obtained insights intothe C13 binding mode in the U2AF65-UHM hydrophobicpocket. Using an in vitro binding assay, weshowed that C13 can modulate the binding ofU2AF65 to SF3b155. These promising results suggestthat UHM-ULM interactions could be targetedto fight specific diseases such as cancers
Yacoub, Taher. "Développement et implémentation d'une approche par fragments pour le design d'ARNs modifiés simple brin avec évaluation sur des protéines de liaison à l'ARN et un modèle d'étude la Bêta-Sécrétase 1." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL002.
Full textNew therapeutic strategies have emerged using aptamers that are high-affinity ligands generated using a procedure called SELEX. Nevertheless, their use are limited due to the lack of selectivity and off-target effects frequently observed as in all RNA-based therapeutic strategies. In order to increase their specificity and selectivity, a class of chemically modified aptamers has been designed in-situ by SELEX (“SOMAmers”). But, various limitations remain due to technical constraints in SELEX, in particular the number and the type of chemical modifications that can be used. We propose a new fragment-based strategy to design in-silico modified aptamers that will overcome some of these limitations, based on the knowledge of 3D structure and the color-coding technique introduced by Alon, Yuster and Zwick. This approach is based on the modeling of pose connectivity in the form of a graph, enabling the implementation of an efficient combinatorial algorithm using dynamic programming. It is used for the “Docking” from a given fragment distribution, the “Design” and the equilibrium statistics for learning features between fragments and the 3D protein, and has been the subject of a proof of concept on 7 ssRNA/protein complexes.To test this new approach on a real therapeutic case study, an analysis has been carried out on the Beta-Secretase 1 (BACE1), an enzyme involved in Alzheimer's disease, and the Beta-Secretase 2 (a homologous protein to BACE1) to determine the key features of specificity and to select the modified nucleotides that bind sites and subsites of BACE1. These results can provide a basis for the design of selective ssRNA and for the evaluation of the Color-Coding based methodology
Leroux, Clémentine. "Etude de la protéine de liaison à l’ARN LIF2, partenaire de la protéine chromatinienne LHP1, chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112013.
Full textChromatin dynamics play a central role in developmental control, cell differentiation or responses of the organisms to environment. In animals, Polycomb group proteins are involved in the establishment of silent chromatin states. In plants, recent data suggest that LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) participates to a Polycomb-like complex. We focused on LHP1 complexes by studying one of its partners, LHP1 INTERACTING FACTOR 2 (LIF2). The aim of this thesis was to pursue the characterization of LIF2. LIF2 is composed of RNA-binding domains, suggesting the participation of an RNA component in LHP1 complexes. We have searched for LIF2 RNA-ligands and studied LIF2/RNA interactions with different approaches including Biacore technology. By analyzing the transcriptome profile of lif2, we have noticed an enrichment for genes involved in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses stimuli. We investigated the LIF2 functions in response to pathogens infection and we have been able to highlight that LIF2 plays a role in plant innate immunity and is essential to negatively regulate defense responses in the absence of pathogens
Frison-Roche, Charles. "Perte des protéines MBNL dans les motoneurones : impact sur la fonction de l’unité motrice dans la Dystrophie myotonique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS305.
Full textMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a rare inherited disease with muscle, heart and cognitive impairments. DM1 is caused by CTG repeat expansions in the 3'UTR of the DMPK gene. DMPK mutated RNAs aggregate and sequester Muscleblind-like RNA (MBNL) binding proteins, leading to RNA metabolism abnormalities in several tissues. The MBNL family is composed of MBNL1, 2 and 3 but only MBNL1 and 2 are expressed in the nervous system. While skeletal muscle has been extensively studied in DM1, previous reports also suggest an impairment of communication between motor neurons (MNs) and skeletal muscle through the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in DM1. To determine the role of MBNL proteins in MNs, we generated MN-dKO mice invalidated for Mbnl2 specifically in MNs (MN-Mbnl2-KO) in a Mbnl1 null background (Mbnl1-KO). MN-Mbnl2-KO mice don’t manifest a phenotype, however MN-dKO mice progressively develop coordination defects compared to Mbnl1-KO mice. In 4-month-old mice, MN-dKO mice motor disorders are accompanied by severe and global structural and ultrastructural abnormalities of the NMJ. In contrast, Mbnl1-KO mice NMJ alterations seem to be confined to the post-synaptic part. Thus, the loss of Mbnl1 and Mbnl2 in MNs exacerbates NMJ alterations caused by the loss of Mbnl1 alone. Interestingly, NMJs from younger MN-dKO mice exhibit early structural defects compared to NMJs from control and Mbnl1-KO mice, which are unaffected. However, and despite their abnormal appearance, NMJs of MN-dKO mice are mature at this age. These results suggest that MBNL1 and MBNL2 proteins play a role in the NMJ maintenance. Furthermore, defects caused by the Mbnl1 and Mbnl2 loss in MNs are more severe, global but also manifest earlier than those caused by the loss of Mbnl1 alone. In order to identify RNA targets deregulated by the loss of Mbnl1 and/or Mbnl2 in MNs, we conducted high-throughput RNA sequencing, using RNA extracts from lumbar spinal cords of 4 months old MN-dKO; MN-Mbnl2-KO; Mbnl1-KO and control mice. An alternative splicing analysis revealed numerous targets specific to MN-dKO mice, thus due to the simultaneous loss of Mbnl1 and Mbnl2. Interestingly, GO-Term analysis of RNA targets common to MN-dKO and MN-Mbnl2-KO or Mbnl1-KO mice showed that MBNL2 loss in MNs affects the maturation of genes involved in neurotransmitter transport or synaptic vesicle docking whereas MBNL1 loss affects the maturation of genes involved endocytosis processes. Thus, MBNL1 and MBNL2 may be involved in different processes in MNs. To complete the study of the role of MBNL proteins in NMJ and neuromuscular communication maintenance, adult WT mice were injected with adeno-associated adenovirus expressing a shmiR targeting Mbnl1 and Mbnl2 specifically in skeletal muscle. 2 months post-injection (PI), NMJs from these mice partly recapitulated NMJ defects observed in 4-month-old Mbnl1-KO mice, confirming a role for Mbnl1 in skeletal muscle on JNM maintenance. These postsynaptic abnormalities progressively extend to the presynaptic side of the junction 4 months PI. This aggravation confirms the role of MBNL1 in skeletal muscle on NMJ maintenance. The whole of my thesis work highlights the importance of MBNL proteins in MNs for neuromuscular communication. My work suggests, for the first time, that MBNL loss in MNs may contribute to DM1 muscle pathophysiology
Haili, El Jaouhari Nawel. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de protéines PPR mitochondriales essentielles à l’expression de gènes du complexe I chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112037/document.
Full textGene expression in mitochondria is for the most controlled by nuclear encoded proteins that are from the cytosol into the organelle. Recent genetic and biochemical analysis have revealed that proteins of the PentatricoPeptide Repeat (PPR) family play preponderant and multifarious role in this process. During my thesis, I characterized the function of two novel Arabidopsis thaliana PPR protein called MTSF1 (for Mitochondrial Stability Factor 1) and PPR24. Each of these proteins is involved in the expression of a single mitochondrial gene encoding respiratory complex I subunit. I showed that the MTSF1 protein is essential for the stabilization of nad4 mRNA. The MTSF1 binding site was determined and was shown to correspond to the last twenty nucleotides of nad4 3’ UTR. We propose that, through an interaction with the extremity of nad4 transcript, the MTSF1 protein blocks the progression of 3’ to 5’ exoribonucleases and protects nad4 mRNA from degradation in vivo. PPR24 analysis indicated that this PPR protein is essential for nad7 mRNA translation. I observed that the NAD7 protein is not produced in ppr24 mutants and that this correlated with lack of ribosome loading of nad7 mature mRNA. I also showed that PPR24 binds to a short RNA fragment with high specificity located in the center of nad7 5’ leader. Structural predictions indicated that PPR24 binding site could correspond to the basis of a long stem-loop RNA structure just upstream of the AUG codon, which could prevent the accessibility to the nad7 translation codon. PPR24 binding could destabilize this stem-loop structure and permit a better access of the ribosome to the nad7 translation initiation codon. These findings shed light on the function and the mode of action of PPR proteins involved in mitochondrial gene expression in plants
Lema, Ingrid. "Contrôle post-transcriptionnel de l'expression rénale du récepteur minéralocorticoide par les variations de tonicité extracellulaire : conséquences physiopathologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS290.
Full textAldosterone and the Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) participate to the control of salt and water balance and the arterial pressure. Alteration of renal MR expression or mineralocorticoid signaling pathway contributes to the development of numerous human disorders. In this work, we have demonstrated the major role played by the RNA-Binding Proteins, Tis11b and HuR, in the control of MR expression in response to variations of extracellular tonicity in a model of principal tubular cells and in vivo. Hypertonicity (500 mOsmol/L) increases the expression ofTis11b, which binds the 3’-untranslated region of MR transcript and accelerates the degradation of MR transcript, leading to the reduction of the mineralocorticoid signaling. Conversely, hypotonicity (150 mOsmol/L) stimulates nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of HuR protein, which stabilizes MR transcript increasing its expression and renal sensitivity to aldosterone action. Furthermore, HuR participates to the editing of the novel MR Δ6 splice variant, which lacks exon 6, and exerts a dominant negative effect on mineralocorticoid signaling. Finally, we have provided evidence that hypertonicity modulates expression of microRNA, which may control mineralocorticoid signaling pathway. Characterization of these original mechanisms modulating MR action is pivotal for a better understanding of mineralocorticoid-related pathophysiology, and should ultimately lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies
Maurel, Cindy. "Génétique de la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique et rôle de la voie de SUMOylation dans l'agrégation de la protéine TDP-43." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3315.
Full textAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), characterized by motor neuron degeneration, is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The objective of this work was to improve knowledge on the genetic of ALS and to study the implication of a post-translationnal modification (PTM), SUMOylation, in the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 positive aggregates observed in a majority of ALS patients. We participated in an European genome-wide association study (GWAS) which described an association between new genetic loci, including the locus of the gene C21ORF2, and ALS risk. We also identified a novel mutation in a causal gene of ALS, TARBBP encoding TDP-43 protein. This mutation, p.N259S, present in an ALS patient with rapid progression, is the first described in the RRM2 domain of TDP-43. The surexpression of this mutant protein in vitro was associated with cytoplasmic aggregates positive for TDP-43 and ubiquitin. We suspected the SUMOylation pathway to be implicated in aggregates formation via a PTM of TDP-43. First, we observed that a global inhibition of protein SUMOylation by anacardic acid reduces TDP-43 positive aggregates, improves neuritogenesis and cell viability. We next showed, for the first time, that the mutation of the unique potential SUMOylation site of TDP-43, modifies the intracellular localization of TDP-43 positives aggregates, which become nuclear, and is associated in improvement in global cellular functions. Based on our results, we propose that the SUMOylation pathway is a mechanism regulating TDP-43 export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Blocking this export might represent a new therapeutic target by reducing the formation of TDP-43 positive aggregates in the cytoplasm of motor neurons
Jousselin, Clément. "Rôle fonctionnel de protéines cellulaires interagissant avec la polymérase du virus de la rage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS153.
Full textThe transcription and replication of the rabies virus are performed by the polymerase (L), an RNA dependant RNA polymerase, in cellular inclusions induced by the virus: the Negri Bodies (NB). During early infection, there is only one or two NB per cell (primary NB), growing with time up to their dispersion in several smaller NB (secondary NB). The NB concentrates all viral and cellular proteins necessary for the viral replication. Although several regulatory mechanisms between involved viral proteins are well described, the nature and role of cellular partners remain largely unknown. A yeast two-hybrid screening of a human cDNA library has identified cellular partners of the rabies L protein, in particular the hStaufen 1 protein. A mapping of the interaction showed that the Cterminal part of both proteins are required. During rabies infection, hStaufen 1, uniformly present in the cytoplasm, is reorganized in granular structures close to the NB, including back and forth movements with furtive contacts. This dynamics of hStaufen 1 is evocative of an intermediate role between NB and stress granules (SG) induced by rabies virus infection. Knock down of hStaufen 1 in the cell leads to increased amounts of intracellular viral proteins, to the inhibition of secondary NB formation and to a decrease of the budding and virion release from cell. This indicates that hStaufen 1 plays a major role in the microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of the newly synthesized ribonucleocapsids up to the site of budding. Three other L protein partners discovered during the two-hybrid screening have also been studied: eEF1A1 (eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1); hnRNPH2 (Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein) ; TGFβ1I1 (Transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 protein). Preliminary results suggest that they are somehow involved in the rabies virus replicative cycle, from transcription/replication inside NB to rabies virus release in the external environment