Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protéines chaperons'
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Le, Hai-Tuong. "Nouveaux chaperons de stress chez Escherichia coli." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077005.
Full textIn their natural habitat, bacteria are subjected to different types of environmental stresses such as uv, heat, ph, oxidative and osmotic stresses. These changes lead to structural modifications of macromolecules (dna/rna, proteins and lipids), which become toxic to the cell if they are not degraded by proteases or renatured by chaperones. Bacteria have developed protective systems against the hostile environments. We took escherichia coli as a model for our studies of protein chaperones, whici include YBBN (heat stress), YAJL (homologous to dj-1), and hdea and hdeb (acid stress). We characterized these proteins both at the physiological and biochemical levels. YBBN is a thioredoxin-like protein which is involved as a chaperone in protein biosynthesis. YAJL is homologous to the parkinsonism-associated protein DJ-1. We have shown that YAJL possesses chaperone and redox activites, and that it is involved in the expression of multiprotein complexes under oxidative stress. HDEA and HDEB are periplasmic proteins which function as chaperones for maintaining proteins in a soluble state at acidic ph, and which also allowthe solubilization and renaturation at neutral ph of proteins that had aggregated in their presence at acidic ph.
Hage, Aziz El. "Protéines chaperons intervenant dans l'assemblage des ribosomes chez Escherichia coli." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077059.
Full textWattin, Marion. "Modulation des mécanismes de Contrôle Qualité des Protéines dans la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1323/document.
Full textVarious studies have highlighted the importance of Protein Quality Control (PQC), including protein refolding (molecular chaperones) and degradation (autophagy, proteasome) mechanisms in inherited muscle disorders such as Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (UCMD), Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) or Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD); however, to date, no extensive study has been conducted on these mechanisms in a same model, in muscle cells before muscle differentiation. Thus, we were interested in PQC mechanisms functionality and their interconnection in human immortalized myoblasts from healthy donors or patients suffering from DMD. We observed an increase of protein aggregation in DMD cells. This phenomenon is accompanied by a deregulation of sequestration mechanisms by molecular chaperones, reflected by the modulation of HSPB5 and HSPB8 expression. Degradation mechanisms are also deregulated; indeed, we observed on one hand a decrease of proteasome enzymatic activity and multiubiquitinated proteins UPS-adressing molecules and on the other hand, an increase of NF?B transcription factor’s activity, involved in autophagy, and of BAG3/HSPB8 complexes, leading to an increase of the autophagic flux. These PQC defects reflect the existence of a protein aggregation stress in myoblasts coming from DMD patients. In this context, pharmacological modulation of PQC in these cells could represent a new therapeutic strategy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Al-Fawares, O'la. "Structure-fonction des protéines Hsp70-like chez les mycobactéries." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30025.
Full textHsp70 belongs to a highly conserved family of molecular chaperone proteins that unambiguously plays essential roles in protein quality control, protecting cells against various environmental insults. To function as a bona fide molecular chaperone, Hsp70 acts in concert with several co-chaperones and nucleotide exchange factors to complete its ATP-dependent chaperone cycle. Our work shows that bacteria from the genus Mycobacterium encode new atypical Hsp70-Like proteins that share a common architecture: a putative ATPase domain at the N-terminus similar to members of the Hsp70-actin superfamily, a single putative transmembrane domain (TMD) in the middle of the protein and a long proline/threonine (P/T) - rich region at the C-terminal. The aim of this thesis work was to shed light on the function and the cellular localization of Hsp70-like proteins in mycobacteria. We first found that Msmg Hsp70-Like protein localizes to discrete foci within cells and that its expression induces a cell aggregation phenotype. To shed light on the role of the putative TMD and P/T- rich domains in Hsp70-Like, we engineered a set of mutants in which these structural elements were deleted. We found that the central putative TMD was important for the cell envelop localization of Hsp70-Like, for the formation of foci and for cell aggregation. In contrast, the P/T-rich had no effect on these phenomena. In vitro the putative ATPase domain of Msmg Hsp70-Like was purified and crystallization trials were performed. Further research is needed to assess the function of this novel family of proteins
Stuttmann, Johannes. "Contrôle des modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines par le co-chaperon SGT1 chez Arabidopsis thaliana : ubiquitination, neddylation et chaperons moléculaires." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22104.
Full textSGT1 (Supressor of G2 allele of skp1) is an essential protein conserved in eukaryotes involved in ubiquitination-dependent proteolysis and in protein folding/maturation as a putative co-chaperone of HSP90 and HSC70 molecular chaperones. SGT1 and HSC70 have overlapping functions in plant immunity and heat-shock tolerance and interact biochemically. We showed that the SGT1-HSC70 interaction is mediated by the SGT1 C-terminal domain while full-length HSC70 is needed to interact with SGT1. These results support SGT1 function as a novel HSC70 co-chaperone bridging HSC70/HSP90 functions. In addition, a genetic screen was conducted to investigate SGT1 functions in proteolysis based on an ubiquitination-dependent response of Arabidopsis to the hormone auxin. Among the 11 auxin-insensitive mutants cloned, a mutation affecting the subunit 2 of the COP9 signalosome (CSN2) was studied in greater details. The CSN is an essential regulator of eukaryotic development and removes Nedd8 modification from cullins in cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). Core components of CRLs are destabilized in this csn2 mutant. Furthermore, we show proteasome-dependent turnover of SCFTIR1 CRL and its ubiquitination in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that the CSN main function in Arabidopsis is to protect CRL complexes from proteasome-dependent degradation
Abdallah, Jad. "Escherichia Coli face aux stress : rôle des chaperons et des protéases." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077065.
Full textMany diseases are caused by protein misfolding or aggregation and the incapacity of the cells to degrade these aggregates. Our work concerns the protein solubilization by chaperones and specific proteases. We are interested, in particular, in the heat shock and acid stress, and the correction of protein aggregation that results from these stresses. In this study, we show that the Hsp31 chaperone displays an aminopeptidase activity that is specific against peptide substrates with alanine or basic amino acids at N-terminus. Furthermore, it seems likely that Hsp31 plays an important physiological function in peptide dégradation, since an Hsp31 -deficient strain accumulates higher amount of peptides than its parental strain. So, besides its chaperone activity, Hsp31 may play an active role in the downstream processing of peptides generated by the ATP-dependent proteases. YhbO has homologs in almost every organism which indicates that it may play a fundamental physiological role. In this study, we show that an yhbO-disrupted mutant is highly sensitive to thermal, oxidative, UV, pH and salt stresses, suggesting that YhbO is required for the protection of bacterial cells against many environmental stresses. We have characterized the HdeB protein as a novel acid stress chaperone. This periplasmic protein is the hdeB gene product, which belongs to the hdeAB operon, HdeA being also an acid stress chaperone. HdeA and HdeB are required for protein solubilization at acidic pHs. Thus, Escherichia coli possesses two acid stress chaperones that prevent periplasmic protein aggregation at mild and strong acidic pHs
Ilbert, Marianne. "Etude des protéines chaperons de la famille TorD dédiées à la maturation de molybdoenzymes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX22022.
Full textDuring my phD, I have described a new chaperone family containing more than thirty members. This family is involved in the maturation of molybdoenzymes in bacteria. The TorD protein of Escherichia coli, our model, is the specific chaperone of periplasmic molybdoenzyme TorA. I have shown that TorD is involved in cytoplasmic maturation of TorA. Indeed, TorD interacts with the cytoplasmic form of TorA (apoTorA). We have defined by directed mutagenesis a hydrophobic patch of TorD involved probably in this interaction. Moreover, I have developed an in vitro system to reconstitute the maturation step of apoTorA. This approach revealed that TorD is essential for a correct molybdenum cofactor insertion in apoTorA. The interaction TorA/TorD modifies the conformation of apoTorA probably to make it competent to receive the molybdenum cofactor. In vivo and in vitro studies on others members of the family showed that these chaperones present a high specificity toward their molybdoenzyme partners
Messaoudi, Nadia. "Rôle de la protéine YajL de Escherichia coli et de la protéine DJ-1 associée au Parkinsonisme, dans la protection contre l'oxydation et l'agrégation des protéines." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077009.
Full textYajL is the closest Escherichia coli homolog of the Parkinsonism-associated protein DJ-1, involved in the resistance to oxidative stress. It was observed that some protein substrates of YajL (aconitase B and NADH dehydrogenase I) are inactivated in the yajl mutant, suggesting its role in protection against their inactivation. In order to better understand the role of YajL in cell physiology, we conducted a study of the transcriptome and redox state of yajL mutant strain. The transcriptomic analysis showed the overexpression of a hundred gènes coding for chaperones and proteases, proteins of iron metabolism, oxidative stress proteins, proteins of DNA metabolism and cell division proteins (Messaoudi et al. , 2012). In addition, the yajL mutant overproduces the stress factor sigma S, and its oxidative stress regulator OxyR is partially oxidized, which explains the overexpression of most genes above constitutively overproduced in yajL the mutant. Since the yajL mutant is defective in NADH dehydrogenase I, we investigated the respiratory metabolism. We have shown that the mutant strain has high NADH/NAD and ADP/ATP ratios and presents a fermentative metabolism with production of lactate, acetate, succinate and ethanol. YajL mutant overexpresses dehydrogenases which bypass NADH dehydrogenase transferring electrons directly to the quinone substrates, such as pyruvate oxidase PoxB, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase GlpD and alanine dehydrogenase DadA. These metabolic disruptions, particularly the increase of NADH/NAD ratio, result in a blockage of Krebs cycle and metabolic disorders of amino acid metabolism, reflected by preferring those involved in pathways leading to pyruvate
Castanié-Cornet, Marie-Pierre. "Etude fonctionnelle et rôle physiologique des protéines chaperons GroES et GroEL de la bactérie Eschericchia coli." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30262.
Full textCorpet, Armelle. "Rôle des protéines chaperons d'histones ASF1A et ASF1B humaines dans le maintien de l'organisation du génome." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066181.
Full textSuppini, Jean-Philippe. "Etude de la relation structure-fonction de la protéine chaperon Dnak : complémentation fonctionnelle et utilisation de différents mutants et de protéines chimères." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066218.
Full textWang, Kai. "Protéines infectieuses chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae : un mal pour un bien ? Modulation de la propagation de prions de levure par le protéasome et les chaperons moléculaires durant la transition duauxique et la phase stationnaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS212/document.
Full text“Proteinaceous infectious particles”, or prions, are self-perpetuating alternate conformations of proteins that are responsible for heritable non-Mendelian traits in mammals, filamentous fungi and yeast. On a more general note, protein misfolding and aggregation is at the origin of over forty protein folding disorders including devastating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or Huntington’s diseases. The aggregated proteins responsible for these diseases (i.e. amyloid-β peptide/tau, α-synuclein and huntingtin) were shown to propagate from cell to cell in a prion-like manner. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae hosts many prion or prion-like proteins, unrelated in sequence and function, which proved to be excellent models for understanding the dynamics of prion aggregation and distribution upon cell division.Sup35p and Ure2p which cause the [PSI+] and [URE3] heritable traits, respectively, stand out as the most studied and best characterized yeast prions to date. A plethora of cellular factors, mostly belonging to various molecular chaperone families, were shown to affect yeast prion formation and propagation. Clearance of protein aggregates and prion particles is however poorly understood and documented. Our laboratory showed that the 26S proteasome degrades both the soluble and prion-associated fibrillar forms of Sup35p. In the first part of my thesis, we investigated the role of the 26S proteasome in the degradation of the soluble and fibrillar forms of Ure2p. We found that, as with Sup35p, the 26S proteasome is able to degrade the soluble native Ure2p, generating an array of amyloidogenic N-terminal peptides and a C-terminal fragment which is resistant to proteolysis. The N-terminal prion domain was shown to act as a degron required for proteasomal engagement and degradation. In contrast to Sup35p, fibrillar Ure2p resisted proteasomal degradation. We expect the structural variability within prion assemblies in a cellular context to dictate their interaction with proteolytic machineries in general and the proteasome in particular.The biology of yeast prions has been mostly explored in the context of logarithmically dividing cells. In nature however, most cells are generally in a post-mitotic non-dividing quiescent state. Yet little is known about the fate and properties of prion particles upon yeast cells entry into the stationary or quiescent states and the physiological consequences of harboring these prions throughout the lifespan of yeast cells. In the second part of my thesis, we addressed this issue using the [PSI+] prion as a model. Structurally different conformers of Sup35p aggregates can lead to distinct [PSI+] strains with different prion phenotypes. We found that Sup35p prion particles undergo growth phase-dependent ultrastructural and functional changes. Indeed, the size distributions of SDS-resistant core-prion particles significantly change during growth without affecting the structural information specific to each prion strain. The infectious properties of Sup35p prion particles undergo dramatic growth phase-dependent changes. Importantly, we found that while [PSI+] has little to no effects on the growth rates of yeasts, it robustly prolongs their chronological lifespan. Furthermore, this beneficial effect can then be permanently and efficiently fixed in the cells even when [PSI+] is subsequently lost. Similar genetic fixation of [PSI+]-induced epigenetic characteristics were previously observed and suggested [PSI+] (and possibly other prions) can act as transient evolutionary capacitators
Perrody, Elsa. "The viral protein Rki : an atypical cochaperone partner of Hsp70." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1870/.
Full textThe highly conserved molecular chaperone Hsp70 is involved in a plethora of cellular processes associated with protein folding. To function as a molecular chaperone, Hsp70 requires the presence of its obligate J-domain cochaperone partners (JDP). These proteins, thanks to their J-domain signature, stimulate Hsp70's ATPase activity, facilitate substrate delivery and confer specific cellular localization to Hsp70. Genome analysis of the T4-like enterobacteriophage RB43, revealed a gene encoding a putative JDP (orfan 057w). In this work, we first show that the J-domain of this JDP, named Rki, is functional in vivo. Moreover, we show that Rki specifically interacts with the E. Coli host multifunctional Hsp70/DnaK chaperone. However, in sharp contrast with the three known host JDP cochaperones of DnaK encoded by E. Coli, Rki full-length does not act as a generic cochaperone in vivo or in vitro. Expression of Rki alone is highly toxic for wild-type E. Coli, but toxicity is abolished in the absence of endogenous DnaK or when the conserved J-domain of Rki is mutated. Further in vivo analyses revealed that Rki is expressed early after infection by RB43 and that deletion of the rki gene significantly impairs RB43 proliferation. Furthermore, we show that mutations in the host dnaK gene efficiently suppress the growth phenotype of the RB43 rki deletion mutant, thus indicating that Rki specifically interferes with DnaK cellular function. Finally, we show that the interaction of Rki with the host DnaK chaperone rapidly results in the stabilization of the heat-shock factor s32, which is normally targeted for degradation by DnaK
Kthiri, Fatoum. "Role des protéines YbbN, YhbO et YajL dans la protection d'Escherichia coli contre les stress environnementaux." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077155.
Full textMany diseases are caused by defects in folding or solubility of proteins. The most famous are Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and prion diseases. The basis of these diseases is related to the formation of toxic protein aggregates and the inability of cells to degrade these aggregates. The prokaryotic model that we use, Escherichia coli, is useful because of eukaryotic ubiquitous nature of protein aggregation's problem and the great similarity between proteins involved in the process. We have cloned and characterized YbbN, which presents a strong homology in its N-terminal part with thioredoxins. In this study, we show that an ybbN-deficient strain displays an increased sensitivity to thermal stress but not to oxidative stress, a normal redox state of its cellular proteins but a decreased expression of several cytoplasmic proteins and several Krebs cycle enzymes, suggesting that the chaperone properties of YbbN are more important in vivo than its redox properties. YbbN specifically interacts with DnaK and GroEL, major cellular chaperones. YhbO and YajL share a high similarity of sequence and structure with DJ-1, protein whose deficiency causes oxidative stress and Parkinson's disease. A yhbO-disrupted mutant of Escherichia coli is highly sensitive to oxidative, thermal, UV, and pH stresses. These results suggest that YhbO affects a central process in stress management. The yajL mutant of Escherichia coli displays a strong protein aggregation phenotype, which is increased by oxidative stress, suggesting that YajL plays an important role in the protection of prokaryotic cells against oxidative stress. Aggregation prone proteins included 17 ribosomal proteins, the ATP synthase (3-subunit, flagellin, and the outer membrane proteins OmpA and PAL. AU of them are part of multiprotein complexes, suggesting that YajL might be involved in optimal expression of these complexes, especially during oxidative stress. In addition, the yajL mutant displayed translational defects detected by LacZ reporters
Pemberton, Samantha. "Molecular chaperones in the assembly of α-Synuclein and Parkinson’s Disease." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA114840/document.
Full textThe formation and deposition of α-Synuclein fibrils in the human brain is at the origin of Parkinson’s disease. The objective of my thesis was to document the role of two molecular chaperones on the assembly of α-Syn into fibrils: Hsc70, a constitutively expressed human heat shock protein, and Ssa1p, its yeast equivalent. The aim was to expand the catalogue of known effects of molecular chaperones on the PD implicated protein, which could have therapeutic significance. We showed that Hsc70 inhibits the assembly of α-Syn into fibrils, by binding with high affinity to the soluble form of α-Syn. We documented that Hsc70 binds preferentially to α-Syn fibrils and that this binding has a cytoprotective effect, as it renders the fibrils less toxic to cultured mammalian cells. Similarly to Hsc70, Ssa1p inhibits the assembly of α-Syn into fibrils, and has a higher affinity for fibrils than for the soluble form of α-Syn. On the other hand, binding of Ssa1p to α-Syn fibrils does not have a cytoprotective effect, almost certainly due to differences in the amino acid sequences of the peptide binding sites of the two molecular chaperones, which mean that Ssa1p has a lower affinity than Hsc70 for α-Syn fibrils. We stabilized the complex between Ssa1p and α-Syn using chemical cross-linkers, to then map the interaction site between the two proteins. This is indispensable if a “mini” Ssa1p, comprised of only what is necessary and sufficient of Ssa1p, is to be used as a therapeutic agent to decrease the toxicity of α-Syn fibrils. A therapeutic agent based on exogenous protein Ssa1p is less likely to trigger an autoimmune response than for example the endogenous protein Hsc70
Siffroi-Fernandez, Sandrine. "Rôle des motifs N-glycanniques et des protéines chaperons sur la maturation et le transport intracellulaire du récepteur de la thyrotropine." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX20666.pdf.
Full textRashid, Talha. "Lipin 1 deficiency in skeletal muscle causes sarcoplasmic reticulum stress and a myopathy responsive to chaperons Lipin 1 deficiency in skeletal muscle causes sarcoplasmic reticulum stress and a myopathy responsive to chaperons." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2288&f=15629.
Full textTwo projects were developed during this CIFRE Thesis within a collaboration between the Institute Necker Enfants Malades (INEM) and the company SANOFI. 1) Lipin1 deficiency in skeletal muscle Lipin1 deficiency is a rare disease that leads to a very severe and early rhabdomyolysis in patients. This pathology is characterized histologically by an important accumulation of lipids in the muscles and in the heart of patients deficient in Lipin1. In order to study and understand the link between Lipin1 deficiency, Rhabdomyolysis and this intramuscular lipid accumulation we have developed a transgenic mouse model deficient in Lipin1 specifically in skeletal muscle. Characterization of this model revealed a severe myopathy in Lipin1-deficient mice, characterized by a decrease in muscle strength, muscle regeneration and centronucleated fibers, and as seen in patients, there is an important accumulation of lipids in the muscle. We have shown that Lipin1 deficiency leads to a significant morphological and functional alteration of the ER in skeletal muscle, which leads to an important ER stress. We have also shown that this stress activates ER residential proteins SREBPs that induce an important lipogenic program in the cell leading to an important synthesis of neutral lipids in these deficient muscles. We also hypothesized that this ER stress could lead to a significant mitochondrial dysfunction. Our analyses revealed that the mitochondrial network is altered and fragmented in the Lipin1 deficient muscles. This mitochondrial dysfunction can also explain the accumulation of lipids, that are less used by dysfunctional mitochondria. In order to consolidate this mechanism, we treated mice with TUDCA in order to relieve the ER stress. TUDCA improved muscle strength in Lipin1-deficient mice and reduced lipid accumulation. 1) Lipin1 deficiency in the heart The aim of the second project was to focus on cardiac steatosis, which affects a proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes. This cardiac steatosis has also been described in animal models of diabetes. Lipin1 deficiency leads also to an accumulation of lipids in the heart of patients. In addition, it has been shown that the enzymatic activity of Lipin1 called PAP1 is decreased in the heart of type 2 diabetic patients and also in the heart of ZDF rats which are diabetic and obese.xFor these two reasons, in order to focus on the development of cardiac steatosis in a diabetic background, we have developed a model of Lipin1 deficiency in the heart, and we characterized it at different ages. We have shown that, as in patients, Lipin1 deficiency in the heart, leads to a significant accumulation of lipids in the myocardium, this accumulation follows a maximal plateau until about 3 months of age. Then this accumulation of lipids tends to decrease. An echocardiographic characterization performed in mice revealed a decrease in the ejection fraction, indicating a systolic dysfunction which aggravates with age. We then performed transcriptomic analyzes, that allowed us to identify some interesting targets, that are currently under investigation in SANOFI. This model of cardiac steatosis also permitted us to test in our model pharmacological molecules developed by SANOFI. The physiological reversion of cardiac steatosis is in itself very interesting, so we decided to also perform transcriptomic analyzes at the age of 6 months to see the evolution of the transcriptomic signature between the age when the steatosis is maximal (3 months) and the age of 6 months when we have a significant physiological decrease in the amount of lipids in the heart of mice deficient in Lipin1. These experiments are currently under analysis in SANOFI
Wu, Hui-Chen. "Molecular bases of the heat shock response in plants : identification of elements involved in HS transduction pathway and in the cross talk between HS and oxidative stress." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20125.
Full textWhile being unable to escape their lands, plants are continuously submitted to the modifications of their environment, and need to adjust proper physiological processes in response to various stimuli. During this work, I devoted my studies on two major stresses affecting plant development, heat shock (HS) and oxidative stresses (OS), focusing on key elements in these pathways (HS chaperons and HS-related thioredoxins) in order to bring news elements of knowledge and interconnexion of these pathways.Using rice and soybean as mono- and dicotyledonous plant systems, I show how HS leads to calcium release from plant cell apoplast to the cytosol in a typical calcium signature, conferring cell wall rigidity and enhancing HS signaling pathway. I also identify Pectin Methylesterase as required in this pathway for cell wall remodeling and plasma membrane integrity. I further investigate how plant sense temperature increases and how they transmit the HS signal to downstream elements. Using systematic analyses of Calmodulin (CaM) and small heat shock protein (sHsp) gene expression, I identify one CaM as a coordinator of HS response, which I characterize as involving specific cytosolic/nuclear isoforms of the sHsp family.I latter perform the molecular analysis of TDX, a Thioredoxin suspected to be involved in heat shock response. I show that TDX interacts with cytosolic/nuclear members of the Hsp70 family in a redox dependent manner, both HS and OS inducing its nuclear relocation, and that TDX is required for both acquired thermotolerance and OS signaling.I finally discuss the data brought by this work and propose models with cross-talks between HS and oxidative stress signaling
Gautier, Valérie. "YajL, nouveau chaperon de Escherichia coli et homologue de la protéine DJ-1 impliquée dans le Parkinsonisme." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077128.
Full textWhen submitted to environmental stresses, cells overproduce chaperones and proteases. Maintaining proteins in their native state is essential for the function of cells, as their unfolding leads, in Humans, to several diseases caused by "aggregated proteins", such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. The use of prokaryotic model Escherichia coli is made possible by the ubiquitous character of protein aggregation problems and the similar mechanisms by which cells treat them, in the different reigns of the living. In this study, we have characterized the protein YajL, prokaryotic homolog of DJ-1 protein, associated to Parkinson's disease, and we have shown its implication in cell résistance to oxidative stress and in preventing proteins aggregation. We have demonstrated that oxidative stress triggers protein aggregation in yajl mutant strain. This phenomenon, only present in aerobiosis, is due to endogenous oxidative stress during respiration. Our results have also shown a covalent chaperone function for YajL and DJ-1 proteins during oxidative stress, as they form mixed disulfures with their substrates. YajL forms mixed disulfures with sulfenylated proteins, in order to protect them from irreversible over oxidation. Finally, experiments on DNA chips have revealed a global response to stresses for yajL mutant, so the strain can face the deleterious consequences due to its deficiency in YajL protein. This functional characterization of YajL has enabled to establish a prokaryotic model for proteins aggregation problems, in order to have a better understanding of aggregation mechanisms, linked to DJ-1 deficiency in Parkinson's disease
Pierro, Annalisa. "Protein structural dynamics in bacteria via nitroxide-based SDSL-EPR spectroscopy : from method improvements to in-cell studies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/211116_PIERRO_290xrxu60ryzjfl293g970fjmdnl_TH%20(1).pdf.
Full textThe study of biomolecules in their native environment has been one of the main goals of structural biology in the last decade. As a result, we are assisting to a remarkable increase of new "in-cell" approaches, like Cryo-ET, FRET and NMR. Among these approaches, Site-Directed Spin Labeling (SDSL) coupled to Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy shows competitive and advantageous features to capture protein dynamics inside cells. In particular, nitroxide-based SDSL-EPR combines the advantages of high sensitivity and the lack of size constraints on the biomolecule of interest with the ability to capture protein structural transitions and interactions at physiological temperature. Despite the methodological advancements of the technique that have allowed the community to obtain increasingly relevant results, progresses still need to be done.In this work, the main limitation of nitroxide-based SDSL-EPR has been addressed. In the first time, we focused on the development of delivery methods to introduce the labeled protein in bacterial cells. Next, the stability of nitroxide labels in reducing environments and in-cell has been assessed, monitoring in parallel the viability of the cells during the EPR measurements. Thanks to the results achieved in this methodological part, we were able to study the structural dynamics of two flexible chaperone proteins directly in bacterial cells: NarJ from Escherichia coli and UreG from Sporosarcina pasteurii. Finally, to go further in understanding the impact of the cellular environment on the protein dynamics, the data obtained in cellular context were compared with those obtained in vitro or in a cell-mimicking environment
Schirmer, Claire. "Chaperons moléculaires et tauopathies : effets de Hsp90 sur la fibrillation in vitro du peptide VQIVYK issu de la protéine tau." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S162/document.
Full textConformational diseases are characterized by protein misfolding which causes a loss of biological activity. Amyloidosis is one of these diseases, and it involves the ability of proteins to self-aggregate into specific structures called “amyloid fibers”. At least thirty human proteins, including tau, are known to form amyloid fibers. The tau protein is linked to several neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease. Tau is in physiological conditions associated with microtubules and regulates their polymerization. In tauopathies, tau becomes hyper-phosphorylated and aggregates into neurotoxic neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Molecular chaperones, and particularly the 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90), regulate tau homeostasis. The interaction between tau and Hsp90 involves several tau regions including the sequence VQIVYK. This short fragment is necessary and sufficient on its own to induce aggregation of the full tau protein in vivo. In vitro this hexapeptide is also able to form amyloid fibers similar to those found in vivo. We therefore used this hexapeptide as an in vitro model to study the process of amyloid fibrillation and to test Hsp90’s effects on it. We demonstrated that Hsp90 interacts specifically with peptide fibrillar structures and that Hsp90 is able to inhibit both the polymerization and depolymerization processes. This antagonistic role for Hsp90 allows the stabilization of intermediate amyloid species that may display a lower neurotoxicity. These results confirm that Hsp90 is involved in tau’s aggregation process and paves the way for new therapeutic perspectives in neurodegenerative diseases. Our study also provides clues to the understanding of how molecular chaperones assist in the folding of their client proteins
Subrini, Orso. "Etude de deux acteurs majeurs des voies de réponse au stress d'enveloppe chez Escherichia coli : la protéase - chaperon périplasmique DegP et l'histidine kinase membranaire CpxA." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077107.
Full textDuring my PhD, I have conducted biochemical analysis on two major proteins involved in the extracytoplasmic stress responses in E coli : the periplasmic chaperone - protease DegP and the histidine kinase CpxA. In the first part of the project, I have isolated complexes made in vivo between a proteolytic defective mutant of DegP and the porine OmpC and OmpF. This allowed me to determine that DegP needs a complete oligomeric restructuration to interact with its substrates. I have also caracterized DegP protéase activity and determine its cleavage specificity. Finally, I have studied DegP chaperon activity towards Maltose Binding Protein folding mutants both in vivo and in vitro. Depending of their ability to fold, I showed that a same substrate can be both the target of DegP protease or chaperon activity. In the second part of the project, I have determined the oligomeric structure of CpxA in detergent micelles by analytical ultracentrifugation. These results showed that CpxA in solution exists as different oligomers with the trimer of dimer being the main species. To get insight into CpxA enzymatic activities, I reconstitued the Cpx System in vitro using the nanodiscs technology. Inserted in this membrane mimetic environment, CpxA activity is inhibited by CpxP, an effect which was not observed in detergent. This study should be the beginning of a more detailed analysis of the enzymatic mechanisms involved in this important class of bacterial transducing pathway, without the deleterious effect of detergents
Demoinet, Emilie. "La chaperone Hsp40 Jjj1p et son rôle dans la biogenèse des ribosomes chez les Eucaryotes." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20192.
Full textThrough their action in protein folding, degradation, translocation across the membrane, and disassembly of complexes, molecular chaperones are very important for different cellular processes. Hsp70 and their Hsp40 partners are crucial in these processes. In eukaryotes, two chaperone networks have been described: a stress inducible network that protects the cellular proteome from stress and a stress-repressed chaperone network that is dedicated to protein biogenesis. Generally Hsp40/70 used to prevent polypeptide misfolding. But up to now, no chaperone has been shown to act specifically in ribosome biogenesis. We have shown that Jjj1p is required for the dissociation of the shuttling export receptor Arx1p from the late cytoplasmic pre-60S particles, relies on its chaperone activity. In jjj1D, Arx1p is abnormally accumulated in the cytoplasm on the pre-60S particle, which is toxic for the cell. The function of an Hsp40 chaperone in such a specific process is conserved throughout the evolution
Brillet, Thomas. "Relations structure-fonction de l'alpha-hémoglobine et de sa protéine chaperon l'AHSP : octamères d'hémoglobine recombinante : application à la mise au point d'un transporteur d'oxygène artificiel." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077097.
Full textThis work concerns the study of two candidate molecules of hemoglobin (Hb) in the development of an artificial oxygen carriers and the study of structure-function relationships of α-Hb and its chaperone AHSP in the context of a mutant AHSP described in a patient with thalassemia syndromes. The first part of the work concerns the mutant α-HbH⁵⁸L, a key residue of the heme pocket in order to reduce auto-oxidation in Hb. This mutant has the same spectral characteristics regardless of the external ligand added, unlike the native protein. This mutant appears to have a hexacoordinated heme with a high affinity endogenous ligand. The second part concerns the study of recombinant Hb octamers Hb, obtained by intermolecular disulfide bond of ß-Hb (ß octamer) or α-Hb (α octamer). These octamers have functional properties similar to HbA, but with a decreased interaction with haptoglobin (Hp). Hp and a octamer form within a few hours a large complex while the ß octamer reacts much more slowly with Hp, reflecting its greater stability. The third part concerns the characterization of the complex AHSP/α-Hb. Both association and dissociation rates of the α-Hb with its chaperone were determined. For the mutant AHSPV⁵⁶G, the dissociation rate of the complex AHSP/α-Hb is 4 times reduced. The AHSPV⁵⁶G appears to be partially folded at 37 ° C with a progressive thermal unfolding curve. However the complex AHSPV⁵⁶G/α-Hb has a thermal stability close to normal. Within the complex AHSPV⁵⁶G/α-Hb, the α-Hb displays a normal function
Raveau, Dorothée. "Implication des protéines chaperonnes dans la rétention réticulaire de la protéine F508del-CFTR." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT2320.
Full textCystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder characterized by mutations on the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). The most common mutation is a deletion of a phenylalanine at position 508, F508del, results in trafficking default of CFTR protein that is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) and especially by the calnexin cycle. This cycle has several main proteins, the chaperones, co-chaperones and enzymes. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the involvement and role of these partners with the nascent protein in the retention of F508del-CFTR protein. For this, an siRNA strategy of these proteins was established. In a first study, we demonstrated the implication of proteins involved in the entrance of calnexin cycle. And in a second study, we demonstrated the importance of proteins involved in the release calnexin cycle. Our studies highlight the implication of calnexine cycle in the F508del-CFTR protein. Interestingly, these studies have identified potential new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cystic fibrosis
Weinhaeupl, Katharina. "Etudes de structure, interactions et dynamique dans des complexes de protéines "chaperone" à l'échelle atomique par spectroscopie RMN." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV002.
Full textThe diverse group of molecular chaperones is dedicated to accompany, fold and protect other proteins until they reach their final conformation and loca- tion inside the cell. To this end, molecular chaperones need to be specialized in performing specific tasks, like folding, transport or disaggregation, and versatile in their recognition pattern to engage many di erent client pro- teins. Moreover, molecular chaperones need to be able to interact with each other and with other components of the protein quality control system in a complex network. Interactions between the di erent partners in this network and between the substrate and the chaperone are often dynamic processes, which are especially di cult to study using standard structural biology tech- niques. Consequently, structural data on chaperone/substrate complexes are sparse, and the mechanisms of chaperone action are poorly understood. In this thesis I present investigations of the structure, dynamics and substrate- interactions of two molecular chaperones, using various biophysical and in vivo methods.In the first part I show that the mitochondrial membrane protein chap- erone TIM910 binds its substrates in a highly dynamic manner. Not only is the TIM910 complex in constant exchange between monomeric and hex- americ species, but also the bound substrate samples multiple conformations on a millisecond timescale. Based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and in vivo mutational experiments I propose a structural model of the chap- erone/membrane protein interaction. TIM910 binds its substrates in a hy- drophobic pocket on the exterior of the chaperone in a modular fashion, where the number of TIM910 complexes bound depends on the length of the substrate.In the second part I studied the behavior of the N-terminal receptor do- main of the ClpC1 unfoldase from M.tuberculosis in the presence of di erent antibiotics and ligands. The N-terminal domain of ClpC1 is the binding site for various new antibiotics against M.tuberculosis. The antibiotic cyclomarin completely abolishes dynamics induced by the ligand arginine-phosphate. We propose that this suppression of dynamics is the underlying principle for the mechanism of action of this antibiotic.In both cases X-ray structures of the apo or antibiotic bound form were available, but not su cient to explain the mechanism of action. The X- ray structure of TIM910 provided no evidence on where or how substrates are bound. Likewise, X-ray structures of the apo and cyclomarin-bound N-terminal domain of ClpC1 show only minor di erences in structure.Both examples show that static structural data is often not enough to explain how a molecular system works, and only the combination of di er- ent techniques, including newly developed methods enable the atomic-level understanding of chaperone/substrate complexes
Mezghrani, Alexandre. "Contrôle qualité des modifications post-traductionnelles de la thyroglobuline : implication d'une protéine chaperon, la protéine disulfide isomérase." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20652.pdf.
Full textChauvet, Sylvain. "Les protéines Gα12 et Gα13 dans la mucoviscidose : Rôle dans la dégradation de la protéine CFTR mutée F508del et dans le contrôle des jonctions intercellulaires." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684255.
Full textToutain, Christine. "Etude structure/fonction de DjlA, une protéine membranaire de la famille des chaperons DnaJ/Hsp40." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112268.
Full textBacteria, such as Escherchia coli, must constantly deal with changes in their environment and their survival depends upon their ability to adapt. They have therefore developed numerous signal transduction systems including, amongst others, the RcsC/B system, which regulates the cps operon responsible for the production of a component of the bacterial capsule, colanic acid. Only signals which are linked to envelope modification, in laboratory conditions, are known to turn on the RcsC/B system, and notably a slight overexpression of the inner membrane chaperone DjlA. DjlA belongs to the DnaJ family of chaperones, which are themselves members of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE system. This chaperone system is not only found in all cell types, but is also implicated in many cellular processes. DjlA is a rather interesting member because it is inserted into the internal membrane, a rare characteristic of proteins in the DnaJ family. .
Nguyen, Phuhai. "Implication de l'activité chaperon de protéines du ribosome (PFAR) dans les mécanismes de prionisation & identification de nouvelles molécules antiprion." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0026/document.
Full textPrion diseases are considered neurodegenerative diseases. The incriminated agentis the prion protein PrPSc. The conversion of PrP from its native conformation PrPC tothe pathologic form PrPSc is the major element of the pathogenesis of prion diseases.However, the mechanisms involved in this conversion are poorly understood. In theyeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there is no counterpart of the PrP protein. Howeverproteins acting as prion do exist in yeast, such as the Sup35 protein responsible forthe prion [PSI+], or the Ure2 protein responsible for the prion [URE3]. In previousstudies, our team isolated two compounds, 6AP and GA, which are active against theyeast prions [PSI+] and [URE3 ] and against the mammalian prion PrPSc in cellbasedassays as well as in vivo in a mouse model for prion diseases. These resultsdemonstrated that the prionisation mechanisms are at least partially conserved fromyeast to mammals. 6AP and GA specific and competitive inhibitors of the ProteinFolding Activity of the Ribosome (PFAR) thereby showing that the PFAR is oneconserved mechanism of the prionisation. Moreover, 6AP and GA have been provenactive against other amyloid diseases thus placing the PFAR as a key player in thepathophysiology of protein folding diseases. My thesis aims were to test theinvolvement of the PFAR in the initiation and / or propagation of prion, to identify newantiprion molecules and to understand their mechanisms of action. My results showthat the PFAR plays a central role in the yeast prion propagation. Indeed, PFARenrichment promotes the spontaneous appearance of the prion [PSI+] and at thesame time leads to an increased instability of the same prion. Thus, PFAR activityresembles the yeast Hsp104p chaperone protein activity in the maintenance andpropagation of all yeast prions. My results suggest that the PFAR and Hsp104pactivity are partially redundant and that only the PFAR should play this role inmammals. Meanwhile, we have identified new antiprion drugs that are active againstboth yeast and mammal’s prions. These compounds are all inhibitors of the PFAR.Our results contribute to a better understanding of the prionisation mechanisms andindicate that the PFAR is a promising therapeutic target for prion diseases andprobably also for common protein folding diseases.Keywords: prion, yeast, ribosome, protein chaperon, Hsp104
Bakail, May. "Ciblage des chaperons d'histone par une stratégie peptidomimétique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS388.
Full textASF1 is a histone H3-H4 chaperone implicated in several cancers. Like many proteins, this chaperone mediates its cellular functions through protein-protein interactions involving various protein partners. The present thesis focuses on the development of an original strategy to design inhibitory peptides targeting such disease-associated type of biological interactions. This rational and iterative strategy relies on the tethering of binding epitopes isolated from different partners, and stabilized by “anchor” residues that engage large number of atomic contacts with the target. The further progression of this approach toward a peptidomimetic strategy overcomes obstacles commonly associated to the therapeutic use of peptides such as biodisponibility and half-life. Applied for targeting ASF1, such method allowed the conception of a peptide, ip4, presenting a 3nM affinity for its target, which is 3000 fold higher than that of the natural partner H3. This peptide could be successfully mimicked by an oligourea structure, giving rise to the peptidomimetic if3. When coupled to a cleavable Cell Penetrating Peptide, these inhibitors displayed an on-target effect where they impeded cancerous cells proliferation, ultimately resulting in cells death
Thomé, Rémi. "Biogenèse des métalloprotéines : FdhD, une protéine chaperon de fonction atypique, associée à la biogenèse des formiates déshydrogénases chez Escherichia coli." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22137.
Full textMolybdoenzymes are ubiquitous metalloproteins found from prokaryotes to human. In prokaryotes, their folding and assembly is an intricate process assisted by dedicated chaperones coordinating metal centers insertion to folding and assembly of several subunits.During my PhD, I have investigated the role of the fdhD gene absolutely required for formate dehydrogenase activities in Escherichia coli and more precisely on one of them, FdhF, an iron-molybdenum-selenium metalloprotein. FdhD interacts with its target, FdhF and with IscS, a major cysteine desulfurase involved for instance in Fe-S cluster biogenesis. Sequence analysis of FdhD reveals the existence of a conserved C121GXC124 motif. Substitution of any of the two cysteine residues abolished FdhD function. Through IscS interaction, FdhD stimulates cysteine desulfurase activity and binds the sulfide generated by IscS in the forms of persulfides. Substitution of any of the conserved cysteine residues of FdhD reduces the sulfur transfer efficiency from IscS. Loss of FdhF activity in absence of fdhD is not due to intrinsic instability of loss of metal centers but rather due to lack of enzyme sulfuration. Based on my results, we postulate that FdhD functions as a sulfur transferase between IscS and FdhF, an essential step for enzyme activity. Our model is in complete agreement with crystallographic data showing the presence of a sulfur atom at the coordination sphere of the Mo atom at the active site of formate dehydrogenases and furthermore allows reconciling the presence of sulfur at the active site with enzymatic activity and identifying the players in this process
Garrido, Marine. "Identification de la protéine chaperonne FKBP7 comme une nouvelle cible thérapeutique dans le cancer de la prostate résistant à la chimiothérapie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS181/document.
Full textProstate cancer is the second cancer diagnosed among men worldwide. Beside approval of new therapies in the last five years, chemotherapeutic agents, docetaxel and cabazitaxel taxanes remain key treatments for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancers. However, primary and acquired resistance to taxanes still emerged in about half of patients. There is therefore an urgent need to discover and understand the taxane resistance mechanisms in order to identify new therapeutic targets. Indeed, targeted therapies that exploit the signaling pathways involved in prostate cancer are required to overcome chemoresistance and improve treatment outcomes. Molecular chaperones play a key role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis and the development of treatment resistance, and are promising therapeutic targets. Using high throughput siRNA functional screening based on a gene expression signature, we identified FKBP7, involved in acquired resistance to docetaxel and cabazitaxel. FKBP7 is a molecular chaperone that has not been studied in human so far. FKBP7 is overexpressed in prostate tumors and its expression is correlated with recurrence in patients who received docetaxel as neoadjuvant therapy. Moreover, FKBP7 is upregulated in taxane resistant prostate cancer cell lines and its expression sustains their growth in vitro and in a mice model of Docetaxel resistance. Using a high throughput proteomic approach, we identified the signaling pathway regulated by FKBP7 which is responsible for the survival of chemoresistant cells. Finally, we proposed a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome both docetaxel and cabazitaxel chemoresistance by targeting the downstream effector of FKBP7
Akil, Dona. "Etudes de deux protéines chaperonnes des acides nucléiques de virus de l’immunodéficience humaine type 1 : Vif et la protéine nucléocapside." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P602.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Ruchmann, Juliette. "Photo-renaturation de protéines par des macromolécules chaperonnes." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464683.
Full textParcellier, Arnaud. "Hsp27 : un chaperon moléculaire impliqué dans le triage des protéines." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOMU03.
Full textColas, Debled Elisa. "Etude du repliement des protéines au sein d'une chaperonine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV013.
Full textChaperonins are molecular machineries involved in the prevention of protein misfolding. These large macromolecules (approximately 1 MDa) are present in all domains of life and globally organized in two stacked rings on top of one another, hosting a cavity in their respective centers. By hydrolyzing ATP within their cavities, these rings can switch between twomajor structural states, an open and a closed conformation, to trap and refold misfolded proteins. Among the different types of molecular chaperones, chaperonins are of particular interest because their mechanism of action is not yet totally understood.This thesis focused on the study of PhCPN, the Chaperonin fromPyrococcus horikoshii,and its interaction with substrate proteins by various biochemical and biophysical techniques including NMR. In fact, NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool to probe transient interactions in solution, at atomic resolution. Especially, specific isotope labeling of methyl groups is a technique of choice to study huge protein assemblies such as PhCPN chaperonin because they overcome the liquid-state NMR size limitation. To study the protein folding within the cavities of PhCPN, two different model substrate of various sizes and biological functions were selected. Particularly, one of these substrates (Malate Synthase G /MSG) forms amorphous aggregates when submitted to heat while the other (Amylin) is able to self-associate into amyloid fibrils. During this thesis, I have demonstrated that the Chaperonin PhCPN can prevent the aggregation of the chosen substrates.In fact, the PhCPN Chaperonin is able to irreversibly bind thermally unfoldedMSGin a 1/1 ratio. TheMSG/PhCPN complex was isolated and characterized. Especially, theinteraction surface between PhCPN and this large substrate protein was investigated using a combination of NMR and EM.In addition, the inhibition of the Amylin fibrillation by the Chaperonin was investigated using NMR and ThT fluorescence assays. It was shown that the Chaperonin delays the fibrils formation, no matter its oligomeric state. The role of the Chaperonin on the Amylin nucleation and fibril elongation mechanisms was investigated
Zhang, Xu. "Etude de complexes protéine-protéine impliquant la chaperone de bas poids moléculaire HSP 27 : Implications dans le cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4031/document.
Full textProstate Cancer (PCa) is one of most common malignancies, being the second leading cause among cancer-related death. Additional therapeutic strategies targeting molecular mechanisms mediating resistance must be developed because of the defects of docetaxel-based treatments. One strategy to improve therapies in advanced PCa involves targeting genes that are activated by androgen withdrawal, either to delay or prevent the emergence of the CR phenotype. The purpose of my thesis is to identify & develop small molecules inhibitors targeting PPIs involved in prostate cancer. we focuses on 2 crucial prostate cancer related proteins, namely, the small molecular weight Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and the Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP). We have validated 2 compounds targeting TCTP by using a "PPI Inhibitor-like" dedicated chemical library. Functional tests are now being developed to evaluate the capacity of such molecules to be proposed as potential compounds against prostate cancer
Belfetmi, Anissa. "Les protéines de nucléocapside du VIH-1 : structures, dynamiques, propriétés de fixation et de déstabilisation des acides nucléiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN055/document.
Full textOne of the major difficulty in the eradication of HIV-1 is its ability to evolve rapidly its genome. This permit to the virus to escape the host immune response and the antiretroviral pharmacology due to the emergence of mutant and resistant forms of the target enzymes.The origin of these genetic recombination is, in one hand the errors commited by the RT during the reverse transcription stage and in the other hand the strand transfer processes facilitated by the nucleocapsid protein (NC).Our goal is to understand the chaperonnig properties of NC protein during the first strand transfer ; where NC destabilizes the involved RNA and DNA secondary structures to anneal them and form a hybrid RNA/DNA duplex.In order to determine this mecanism, we seek, if NC protein have the property to recognize the polarity of nucleic acids chains and if this modulates its destabilization properties. Also, our work on the internal dynamic of the protein showed that some motions are correlated to its binding to RNA.We compared the properties of different maturated forms of NC protein during the viral life cycle and we concluded that p1 and p6 domains present within the immature forms (NCp9 and NCp15) adjusted differently the interaction properties to nucleic acids compared to the mature form (NCp7). It leads us to reconsider the role of the different parts of the Gag polyprotein on the properties of the NC domain within this Gag precursor. This domain appears to be largely responsible for the recognition and selection of the viral genomic RNA in order to package it in the newly formed viral particles.To permform this study, we studied different complexes between NC and nucleic acids sequences (RNA and DNA) using mainly NMR spectroscopy and biophysical or biochemical methods to obtain informations at the atomic scale. This work can also be useful in the design of a new class of inhibitors against NC protein which is an attractive therapeutic target due to its conservation and importance in viral infectivity
Crottès, David. "Rôle du récepteur Sigma-1 sur la régulation des canaux ioniques impliqués dans la carcinogenèse." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4032/document.
Full textThe sigma-1 receptor is a chaperone protein active in damaged tissues. The sigma-1 receptor is mainly expressed into brain and have a neuroprotective role in ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. The sigma-1 receptor is also expressed into cancer cell lines and recent investigations suggest its involvement into proliferation and apoptosis. However, its role in carcinogenesis remains to delineating. Ion channels are involved in numerous physiological processes (heart beating, nervous influx, …). These membrane proteins currently emerge as a new class of therapeutic targets in cancer. During my thesis, I observed that the sigma-1 receptor regulates voltage-dependent potassium channel hERG and voltage-dependent sodium channel Nav1.5 activities respectively into leukemic and breast cancer cell lines. I also demonstrated that the sigma-1 receptor, through its action on hERG channel, increases leukemia invasiveness by promoting interaction with tumor microenvironment. These results highlight the role of the sigma-1 receptor on cancer cell electrical plasticity and suggest this chaperone protein as a potential therapeutic target to limit tumor progression
Ayala, Mariscal Sara Maria. "Modulation of Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta peptide aggregation by molecular chaperones, polyphosphates and metal ions, and their interplay." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30108.
Full textAlzheimer's disease is the most frequent type of dementia. With an exponentially growing number of cases, understanding the underlying molecular events leading to this devastating condition is of crucial importance. Much evidence points to a disequilibrium in the production and degradation of amyloid beta (Aß), a normally physiological 42 amino acid peptide, as an early key event in Alzheimer's etiology. Whether Aß is overproduced or poorly degraded, the overall result is an abnormally large pool of peptide that gradually aggregates forming extracellular deposits of fibrils, called amyloid plaques, in specific brain regions. Hence, modulation of Aß aggregation process is one of the suggested approaches to control the evolution of Alzheimer's disease. Universally conserved molecular chaperones have been intensively studied for their capacity to prevent aggregation of disease-related proteins, and many of them have proven to efficiently modulate Alzheimer's Aß aggregation. In a scenario where chaperones are overexpressed or directly administered into the affected tissue, the universal conservation and the relatively poor client-specificity of generic chaperones can become a downside because of the risk of interaction with proteins other than the targeted one is not dismissible, and thus the consequences unpredictable. In the first part of this work, we looked upon a bacterial chaperone call SecB with an unusually robust holdase activity (i.e. it prevents early protein folding) as a promising modulator of Alzheimer's Aß peptide aggregation. [...]
Mehlen, Patrick. "Les petites protéines de stress : des protéines qui contrôlent la mort cellulaire." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10275.
Full textGibert, Benjamin. "La protéine de stress Hsp27 / HspB1, une cible de choix en thérapie anti-cancéreuse." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00733751.
Full textJarosz, Camille. "Rôle de l'EMMPRIN, inducteur des MMPs,dans l'activation des fibroblastes : conséquences sur la formation du stroma tumoral." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0064.
Full textTumor stroma activated fibroblasts are major actors of tumor stroma interactions taking to tumor growth and spreading. Activated fibroblasts are characterized by the expression of specific markers including alphaSMA and FAPalpha;. The TGFbeta;, a cytokine highly secreted by tumor cells, is one of the key factors involved in fibroblast activation and tumor stroma formation. EMMPRIN, a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in tumor cells, is also a mediator of tumor-stroma interactions by its ability to induce the synthesis of MMPs by peri-tumor fibroblasts enhancing then tumor cells dissemination across the organism.Here, we demonstrate that TGFbeta; secreted by tumor cells is the tumor factor involved in the synthesis of FAPalpha; by fibroblasts. Stromal EMMPRIN appeared to be the receptor of these tumor-stroma interactions and is required for the synthesis of FAPalpha; by fibroblasts. EMMPRIN was also evidenced to take part in TGFbeta;-dependent fibroblast activation. Its inhibition in these cells correlate to a dysfunction in Smad2/Smad3 signaling leading to a decrease in the expression of alphaSMA and matrix proteins induced by TGFbeta;. The study of the mechanism used by EMMPRIN in this process evidenced this protein as a new chaperone for the type I TGFbeta; receptor
Ferhadian, Damien. "Structure de l'ARN au sein des ribonucléoprotéines des Influenzavirus A." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ066.
Full textThe Influenzavirus genome comprises eight segments of single-stranded RNA of negative polarity packaged in viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNP). Genome segmentation complicates packaging as a full set of vRNPs is required needed for virus infectivity. It is now accepted that packaging is selective and involves interactions between the RNA components of vRNPs that likely depend on the RNA structure. Our goal was to characterize the binding of the viral protein NP, the major component of the vRNP, on in vitro transcribed RNA. We also developed an experimental strategy to determine the RNA structure inside the viral particles. Both parts of the project were addressed with chemical mapping experiments, that interrogates the flexibility of each nucleotide in the RNA structure. Our results show that NP possess an RNA chaperone activity and binds preferential sites. Our in viro approach demonstrate that using two chemical probes allow us to discriminate between RNA-RNA and RNA-NP interactions
Nault, Laurent. "Mécanismes moléculaires de l'agrégation de l'insuline induite par la surface des matériaux." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846390.
Full textGiraud, Caroline. "Le système CupE de la voie chaperonne - "usher" de Pseudomonas aeruginosa : assemblage, fonction et régulation. Identification du système à deux composants PprA-PprB et caractérisation de son régulon." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22058.
Full textThe Gram negative opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is equipped with molecular systems that contribute to bacterial pathogenesis and biofilm development, this latter being associated with increased resistance to host defenses and antibiotics. Among them, are the fimbriae assembled by the chaperone usher (CU) pathway. The CU pathway involves a protein called the usher that forms a pore in the outer membrane, a periplasmic chaperone and at least one fimbrial subunit assembled into fimbriae at the cell surface.My PhD study mainly focuses on the cupE gene cluster, encoding a CU system from the σ-fimbrial clade. This system is different from all the CU systems cupA – cupD already characterized in P. aeruginosa, all belonging to the γ4-fimbrial clade. Independently from the genes encoding the usher and the chaperone, this cluster comprises four other genes encoding atypical pilins (one major pilin, two minor pilins and one adhesin). We showed that this CupE system is functional and allows the assembly of fimbriae at the cell surface. Unlike the two minor pilins, the adhesin is necessary for the fimbriae assembly (oligomerisation of the major subunit into the fiber). These fimbriae play an important role in biofilm formation and structuration, at early and late steps. Except one minor pilin, all subunits are important for the CupE-dependent biofilm formation. This gene cluster is specifically expressed in biofilm conditions and a random transposon mutagenesis allowed us to identify the two component system (TCS) PprA-PprB as an activator of cupE genes. We verified the implication of this TCS in cupE regulation and, using EMSA, we showed that the PprB control on cupE is direct, with PprB binding onto putative boxes upstream the transcription start of cupE, defined by 5’-RACE PCR.As this TCS was identified before as a positive regulator for the type IVB Flp pilus, another actor in the biofilm formation, we defined the PprB regulon. Among the new targets positively controlled by PprB, we found two new targets that we started to characterize. The first one is a four gene operon encoding an ABC transporter involved in antibiotic resistance specifically in biofilm conditions and a high molecular weight protein, a potential substrate for this ABC transporter. This protein that we renamed AdhA is indeed secreted by this ABC transporter and is implicated in the cohesion between cells during the biofilm formation. It is a new adhesin participating into the biofilm structuration of P. aeruginosa. The second target is a gene encoding a protein that we renamed Hvn, and homologous to HvnA and HvnB halovibrins from Vibrio fischeri. Secretome from an hvn mutant is highly modified and the lack of effect on eukaryotic cell’s morphology in comparison to the PAO1 secretome suggests the Hvn protein can play a role in P. aeruginosa virulence.Through this work, we characterized the cupE system from the CU pathway and showed that this system can assemble atypical fimbriae having a role in the different phases of biofilm formation. This system is under the positive and direct regulation of the TCS PprA – PprB.[...]
Agez, Morgane. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine chaperon d'histones Asf1." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268886.
Full textGiustiniani, Julien. "La protéine chaperonne Hsp90 dans l'environnement des microtubules : impact de l'acétylation de l'α-tubuline sur sa signalisation et recherche des protéines partenaires/clientes spécifiques de chaque isoforme." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA114829.
Full textIn this work, we have shown that acetylation of alpha-tubulin, when polymerized into microtubules, is a post-translational modification that plays an important role in the recruitment of Hsp90 to the microtubule lattice and also in regulating the activity of some of its client proteins such as the oncoprotein Akt/PKB, the tumor suppressor p53 and the endothelial enzyme eNOS. In addition, we have identified 78 partner/client proteins of Hsp90 in the microtubule environment. Two of them seem to specifically associate with Hsp90 alpha and 25 with Hsp90 beta
Rousseau, Erwann. "Facteurs cellulaires contrôlant l'agrégation des protéines à expansion de polyglutamine." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00810962.
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