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Academic literature on the topic 'Protéine virale d'enveloppe L'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protéine virale d'enveloppe L"
Pastor, Florentin. "Etude des intéractions protéine-protéine entre l'enveloppe et la capside virale au cours de la morphogénèse du Virus de l'Hépatite B (VHB)." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3810.
Full textSome late phases of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) cycle are still poorly understood, such as the viral particle assembly. It is known that the capsid formed by the multimerization of the core protein around the viral DNA acquires its three envelope proteins (S, M, L) by viral budding, however the involved molecular signals remain poorly known. To explore the interactions between these viral proteins, approaches such as confocal microscopy and the realization of specific co-immunoprecipitations have been developed. In a context that may or may not reflect the complete HBV lifecycle, these approaches show the existence of specific interactions between the matrix domain (MD, L protein) and the matrix interaction domain (MBD, core protein). These results, in accordance with the data in the literature, make it possible to specify at a molecular level the required interactions between structural proteins during the HBV morphogenesis
Desrames, Alexandra. "Etude de la structure de la petite protéine d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077161.
Full textChronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents a major public health concern worldwide because an estimated 300 million individuals are affected. HBV is the prototype of the Hepadnaviridae family, a DNA virus with an envelope consisting of cell derived lipids associated to three types of transmembrane glycoproteins: S-, M- et L-HBsAg. S-HBsAg, the most abundant in the viral envelope, is the driving force of viral particle assembly, but it also bears in its ectodomain, an immunodominant determinant, referred to as the a-determinant, against which most of the neutralizing antibodies are directed. This antigenic determinant is also closely associated to an infectivity determinant responsible for interacting with cell surface heparan sulfate at the initial step of viral entry. As of today, we have little information on the structure of the antigenic loop (AGL) of the S-HBsAg protein that underlies the antigenic and function at viral entry. The aim of this thesis project was to gather information on the three dimensional organization of the AGL polypeptide, for a better understanding of its function at viral entry. The first step of the study was to identify the minimum subunit of the viral envelope, which bears the a-determinant. This was achieved using a panel of monoclonal antibodies that are specific for the a-determinant. We have shown most of the antibodies were: i) directed to conformational epitopes, ii) neutralizing, and iii) reactive with the dimeric forms of S-HBsAg. We concluded that most of a-determinant epitopes are conserved on the soluble dimeric forms of S-HBsAg. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence in the HBV envelope, of two isomers of S- HBsAg dimers, which can be separated by SDS-PAGE and identified by isomer-specific antibodies. We propose that the two isomers correspond to two distinct networks of disulfide bonds between the numerous AGL cystein residues. In an effort to obtain pure and homogenous preparations of S-HBsAg dimers, as substrate for crystallization, we adopted several strategies: i) production of S-HBsAg by in vitro translation, ii) production in E. Coli, and iii) the purification of viral particles from transfected Huh-7 cell culture medium or from infectious plasmas. The purification of S-HBsAg dimers from cell culture-derived particles clearly appeared as the strategy of choice, in terms quality and yield, and flexibility of the approach in case of S- HBsAg mutants analysis
Abou, Jaoude Georges. "Etude des protéines d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B à l'étape d'entrée virale : utilisation du virus de l'hépatite Delta comme modèle expérimental." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066331.
Full textZidane, Nora. "Remaniements rationnel de la protéine d'enveloppe virale et de ses domaines pour la détection des infections à flavivirus et l'étude d'interactions avec ses récepteurs." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077149.
Full textThe envelope protein of Flaviviruses includes 3 ectodomains and a membrane segment. I have characterized the properties of its domain III (ED3) in vitro. I measured the thermodynamic stability of ED3 by experiments of unfolding equilibria, chemically or thermically induced and monitored by spectrofluorimetry; increased the stability of ED3 by changes of residues in its hydrophobic core without affecting its antigenicity; and showed that an ED3 domain, consensus for all the dengue viruses (DENV), was highly stable. The human Ribosomal Protein SA (RPSA) includes a folded N-terminal domain and a disordered C-terminal domain. We quantified their interactions with the ED3 domains of pathogenic Flaviviruses, laminin, heparin and an anticarcinogen (EGCG) by immunochemical and spectrofluorimétrie methods in vitro. I showed that the N- and C-domains had both idiosyncratic and shared fonctions, and that the C-domain mimicked heparin. We determined the serotype specificity of IgMs that were directed to the ED3 domain of each serotype of DENV by using DENV-infected or -uninfected human serums and a statistical analysis by receiving operator characteristic (ROC) curves. These serums were tested in MAC-ELISA with the 4 serotypes of a dimeric hybrid between ED3 and E, coli alkaline phosphatase. The discrimination by ED3 between serums infected by the homotypic DENV and uninfected serums varied with the serotype; it was maximal with the ED3 from DENV1 whatever the infecting serotype. Some ED3 domains discriminated between sérotypes of DENV. Potential applications are described
Connell, Bridgette. "Développement d'un test d'interaction entre la protéine d'enveloppe du VIH-1 (gp120) et les corécepteurs CCR5/CXCR4 par résonance plasmonique de surface : criblage et optimisation d'inhibiteurs de l'entrée virale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721774.
Full textConnell, Bridgette Janine. "Développement d'un test d'interaction entre la protéine d'enveloppe du VIH-1 (gp120) et les corécepteurs CCR5/CXCR4 par résonance plasmonique de surface : criblage et optimisation d'inhibiteurs de l'entrée virale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV013/document.
Full textIt is well-established that cell-associated Heparan Sulphate (HS) binds the V3 loop of gp120 of HIV-1 thus aiding in viral infectivity. However, a variety of soluble polyanions have antiviral properties once conjugated to CD4 and a CD4-conjugated HS (mCD4-HS12), showed nM activity against HIV-1 in vitro. Due to the structural complexity of HS, screening differently sulphated oligosaccharides to improve the molecule's activity would be too cumbersome, thus in order to obtain a more specific, higher affinity and easier to produce moiety, collaborators synthesized HS mimetic peptides. We aimed to screen these peptides and other anionic molecules for their capacity to inhibit HIV-1 entry. To this end we set-up a platform whereby solubilised CCR5 and CXCR4 were immobilized on biosensors (biacore) and used to screen for molecules that inhibited gp120-CD4 binding to the coreceptors. To control the solubilization process, CXCL12, the natural ligand of CXCR4, was injected over the immobilized CXCR4. The affinities of CXCL12 isoforms (α and γ) for CXCR4 were calculated within the ranges of values that have been previously described with different techniques, thus proving the functionality of our system and enabling us to investigate the binding mechanisms of these two isoforms with CXCR4 and their regulation by HS. The system was subsequently used to screen the inhibitory capacity of the HS mimetic peptides. Each peptide, [S(XDXS)n], contained amino acids that mimic the hydroxyl, carboxyl and sulphate groups on HS chains. The peptide containing sulphotyrosine residues, when conjugated to mCD4 (mCD4-P3YSO3), displayed nM IC50 for simultaneously inhibiting gp120 binding to HS, CD4, antibody, coreceptors and HIV-1 infection in vitro. This is the first bivalent entry inhibitor that targets both R5 and X4 viruses and the concept of a HSmimetic peptide lends itself to structural-functional analysis of HS chains binding to proteins, a novel technique in this field
Funk, Mathis. "Identification et caractérisation de deux nouveaux gènes d'enveloppes rétrovirales de type syncytine, capturés pour un possible rôle dans la structure atypique du placenta de hyène et l'émergence du placenta non-mammifère des lézards Mabuya." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS106/document.
Full textSyncytins are captured retroviral envelope genes (env) that are essential for the establishment of placental structures in mammals. The syncytins present in different mammalian families are highly diverse, resulting from distinct capture events, and it has been suggested that this might play a role in making the placenta the most diverse structure in mammals. Here we used two different approaches to investigate the links between env capture and emergence and diversity of placental structures. First, we investigated placentation in Hyaenidae, the only carnivorans that present a highly invasive hemochorial placenta, as is also found in humans. Hyenas express the previously identified syncytin-Car1 gene, as do all carnivorans, but we identified a new hyena-specific captured env that we named Hyena-Env2. This new gene is present at the same locus in all hyenas, having been captured during the radiation of this family. It is non-fusiogenic but still conserved over at least 10 million years of evolution and expressed at the materno-fetal interface in the hyena placenta, making it a candidate gene for explaining the endotheliochorial to hemochorial placental transition that occurred in Hyeanidae. Second, we searched for syncytin-like genes in the non-mammalian Mabuya lizards, which are viviparous and present a rare type of highly complex placenta that is very reminiscent of mammalian placentas. We identified an env gene that was captured and conserved in this genus since its radiation 25 million years ago. This gene, that we named syncytin-Mab1, is able to mediate cell-cell fusion in vitro and is expressed in a fused cell layer at the materno-fetal interface of the placenta in vivo, characteristic features of canonical mammalian syncytin genes. We also identified the cellular gene MPZL1 as the cognate receptor of syncytin-Mab1 and showed that their interaction induces activation and phosphorylation of the former. MPZL1 activation has been linked with cell migration and invasion, indicating that this env-receptor interaction could play a role in the placental invasion of maternal tissues observed in Mabuya. In conclusion, the characterization of these two novel env genes indicates that syncytin-like env might have played a role both in the emergence of the Mabuya placenta and the atypical placental structure of hyenas, reinforcing the notion that env capture is a major driving force in evolution
Chanel, Vos Chantal. "Etude du rôle de l' acide aminé histidine 230 dans la boucle ij de la protéine E1 du virus de la Forêt de Semliki dans la fusion membranaire virale." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077060.
Full textMalicorne, Sébastien. "Recherche d’interactants du domaine immunosuppresseur des protéines d’enveloppe rétrovirales." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS579.
Full textMost viruses have developed mechanisms of resistance or suppression of the immune system to achieve lasting infection of their host. These mechanisms are still imperfectly known. An immunosuppressive (IS) domain has been identified in the transmembrane region of envelope proteins of endogenous or infectious retroviruses. This highly conserved domain has been described, for example, as inhibiting lymphocyte activation. In the laboratory, it has been characterized by tumor cell rejection experiments in vivo, which has made it possible to define inactivating mutations. In order to better understand the mechanisms of resistance of retroviruses to the immune system, my thesis focused on the identification of the protein(s) interacting with the IS domain. Several cellular and molecular approaches have been developed, based for the most part on the use of fluorescent probes obtained by chemical synthesis, consisting of IS domains from different retroviruses. At first, immune system cells that bind viral proteins have been identified: B cells and myeloid cells (monocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages). In a second step, co-immunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were performed to identify on these cells the membrane proteins responsible for these bonds. Several chemical coupling agents have been used to prevent detachment of low affinity binding between proteins and the IS domain. Due to non-reproducible results obtained during these experiments, IS domain binding assays on cells transfected with cDNA libraries, or in double hybrid experiments were performed. These two approaches made it possible to identify membrane proteins potentially involved in the binding of the IS domain: the X1 and X2 proteins. Co-transfections of IS domain and X2 expression vectors demonstrated protein interactions in co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy experiments, particularly with the IS domain of the HIV-1 retrovirus. Concerning X1, its transfection induces binding of the IS domains of HERV-W and MLV on cells membrane. On the other hand, no direct interaction between X1 and the IS domain could be demonstrated, especially in co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy experiments.The discovery of membrane proteins that interact with the IS domain remains a critical issue for understanding the signaling and transcription pathways that allow retroviruses to exert their effect on the immune system, the aim of this work being to identify new therapeutic targets.In conclusion, although further work is still needed, the X1 and X2 proteins may contribute to retroviral immunosuppression
Morin, Benjamin. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de protéines de virus à ARN impliquées dans la réplication virale et la réponse cellulaire à l'infection." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22102.pdf.
Full textThe structural and functional studies of emergent viruses are restricted to few viruses whose overall impact is already established and predictable. Though, the RNA virus world is incredibly wide and increasingly presents new possibilities of emerging pathogens. During my PhD I studied 2 types of proteins involved in replication of these interesting viral pathogens. The L protein of negative strand RNA viruses ((‐)RNA) is the essential RNA polymerase for transcription and replication of the viral genome. Because of the difficulty of producing crystals of the entire protein, very few structural and functional data are available. I generated and studied soluble domains of these proteins and solved the first crystallographic structure of a L protein. I found that it harbors an endonuclease fold conserved in all segmented (‐)RNA viruses, with a putative role in stabilization of viral mRNAs. These results make this domain a suitable target for antiviral research specifically directed against these viruses. During a viral infection the cell is able of generate an antiviral response, the Interferon (IFN) response pathway, which occurs via oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) /Ribonuclease L (RNase L) involvement. However, viruses use different ways to protect themselves from this cellular response. The actual knowledge on the conserved viral macro domains suggests that they could interact with 2’‐5‘ oligoadenylates (2‐5As), which are signalling molecules in the induction of the IFN response pathway. I developed a method to produce 2‐5As on a large scale. Then I crystallized the macro nsp3 domain of Chikunguya virus in complex with a 2‐5A trimer. These studies open perspectives of research about the relation between viruses and one of the defense mechanism against viral infection, that involving OAS and RNase L