Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protéine de transport membranaire'
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Boulaflous, Aurélia. "Transport et rétention d’une protéine membranaire de type II dans le réticulum endoplasmique d’une cellule végétale." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES019.
Full textIn all eukaryotic cells, the secreted proteins undergo many co- and post-translational modifications along the secretory pathway. These modifications, among whom Nglycosylation, are required for biological activity of proteins. The maturation of the N-glycans is initiated by the Arabidopsis thaliana -glucosidase I (AtGCSI). During this thesis, after AtGCSI identification and biochemical characterisation, we studied its localisation in plantcell. AtGCSI is a type II membrane glycoprotein that cleaves the distal 1,2-glucose of the asparagines linked GlcNAc2-Man9-Glc3 precursor and it is exclusively located to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In parallel, localization studies of other N-glycan processing enzymes showed that all type II membrane proteins are located in the secretory pathway according to the order of their expected function. Then, in this study we demonstrated moreprecisely that two signals confer an ER localization of AtGCSI: the di-Arg signals, located to the cytosolic tail and the 60 amino acids of luminal domain. These signals are necessary and sufficient to retain truncated membrane proteins in the ER. At the same time, microdomains distinct but close to the ER and the Golgi are observed. Regarding these results, a theoretical model to explain ER residency of AtGCSI in plant cell was proposed
Paik, Su-Jin. "Couplages entre un transporteur membranaire de type ABC, BmrA et son environnement membranaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLET010.
Full textABCs (ATP binding cassettes) transporters constitute a large family of transmembrane proteins present in all organisms. ABC transporters hydrolyze ATP to translocate an immense quantity of amphiphilic substrates, such as lipids, steroids, peptides... Some ABCs confer a multiresistance cellular phenotype to drugs from bacteria against antibiotics to humans against anticancer agents, antivirals...A fundamental question for understanding drug transport at the molecular level is how the properties of membranes modulate the function and spatial temporal organization of ABCs. We studied in detail these coupling with BmrA, a bacterial ABC of B. subtillis using different in vitro membrane systems and different biochemical and membrane biophysical approaches. Firstly, after expression and purification of proteins in detergent, we characterized the hydrolysis of ATP of BmrA according to its membrane environment, solubilized in detergent micelles and in mixed lipid/detergent micelles. Proteoliposomes were characterized according to protein orientation, incorporation rate, size and lamellarity. This allowed us to modulate in a controlled manner lipid composition, protein density and conformation and membrane curvature to quantitatively determine the respective contributions of these membrane parameters. Thus, we show that ATP hydrolysis is sensitive to lipid specificity when the protein is embedded in a bilayer. This lipid specificity is provided by negative lipids and phosphatidylethanolamine type lipids that synergistically stimulate hydrolytic activity. However, ATP hydrolysis was decreased in high positive membrane curvature. Secondly, we determined the conditions of reconstitution of BmrA in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles, which then allowed our collaborator to study the respective roles of membrane curvature and tension in the spatial organization of BmrA. Nanotube pulling experiments performed in collaboration show that BmrA has a strong preference for highly curved membrane regions leading to protein cluster formation and that this preference varies according to the catalytic state of the protein. Finally, we developed a method to study the dynamics of NBDs by Förster resonance energy transfer at the single molecule level in reconstituted system via fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy.The data set suggest that spatial organizations of ABC transporters in bacterial and eukaryotic cells are different with the possibility of sorting during membrane remodeling of eukaryotic membranes in areas of strong membrane curvatures but without significant change in function
Marchetti, Gino. "Modélisation moléculaire du phénomène du transport du calcium dans la protéine ATPase-Ca2+ (SERCA1a) : une première étude." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066382.
Full textWoźnicka-Misăilă, Aleksandra. "An investigation and characterization of different ADP/ATP Carrier homologs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV011/document.
Full textThe main objective of this PhD project was to gain new structural data on the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers and develop tools for micro- and nano-crystallography approaches applied to membrane protein structural biology.The main role of the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) is to import and export ADP3- and ATP4- respectively between the intermembrane space and the matrix through the inner mitochondrial membrane. AAC is the best characterized among all mitochondrial carriers. Much has been done to investigate its function and structure. However, since structural data are only available for one conformation of the protein some fundamental questions about the different conformational states adopted during the transport process still need to be answered.In this thesis we considered 4 human AAC homologs as a main target. They are involved in different genetic diseases but play also a role in cancerogenesis. This thesis describes and compares in detail the functional and structural characterization of the human AAC isoforms. It was an essential step to give insight into their native properties and is a precious starting point for the drug development field.Since the structural biology field is rapidly developing especially in serial crystallography techniques, there are more and more new applications for samples preparation, mounting and measurements in order to improve the quality of the data collected at the synchrotrons. Hence, our second objective was to use different membrane protein samples to develop new crystal-friendly crystallization set up combined with different sample environment on the beamline toward faster, more efficient and simpler data collection
Samson, Michel. "Le transport membranaire des hormones thyroïdiennes : caractérisation, identification et purification partielle des protéines de transport de l'érythracyte." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA11T035.
Full textPanwar, Pankaj. "Relations structure-fonction des transporteurs nucléotides." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684264.
Full textBodon, Gilles. "Impact de la protéine CHMP2B et de ses variants pathogènes sur le modelage des membranes biologiques." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENV062.
Full textThis work focused on CHMP2B, an ESCRT-III complex subunit. This protein complex is involved in several membrane fission processes with an inversed topology (virus budding, multivesicular body genesis, cytokisesis, autophagy). Mutations in the gene coding for CHMP2B have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as fronto temporal demencia (FTD) and Spinal Lateral Amyotrophy (SLA). This work consisted in understanding molecular mechanisms of CHMP2B's action in order to better understand it' s links with these pathologies. The project was organized around three research axis: - The potential involvement of CHMP2B in the mitochondrial dynamics. - The role of CHMP2B and the impact of the FTD linked mutations on the morphology and the physiology of dendritic spines. - The study of helical CHMP2B containing complexes that deform the plasma membrane into tubular structures. Our experiments led us to the following observations: Extinction of CHMP2B inhibits mitochondrial fission by an unknown mechanism. The FTD linked CHMP2B mutants disrupt the normal pattern of spine development. This alteration could participate to the progressive appearance of FTD. CHMP2B is thought to be involved in the remodeling of cytoplasmic organelles such as late endosomes, autophagosomes, centrosome. . . Our work demonstrate that the protein is manly recruited at the plasma membrane where it assembles in rigid tubular structure that can deform the lipid bilayer
Azouaoui, Hassina. "Étude structurale et fonctionnelle d’un transporteur de lipides « une flippase » de la levure S. cerevisiae : l’ATPase P4 Drs2p et sa sous unité-associée Cdc50p." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS224/document.
Full textMaintenance of phospholipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell membranes is essential for cellular integrity and function. P4-ATPases, from the P-type ATPases family, are energy-dependent transporters, together with their CDC50 accessory subunits couple ATP hydrolysis to lipid transport from the exoplasmic to cytoplasmic leaflet to maintain membrane asymmetry.Drs2p is one of these P4-ATPases in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Drs2p is localised in trans-Golgi (TGN) membranes in association with its binding partner Cdc50p, which contributes to the correct addressing of Drs2p and probably in the catalyzed transport by Drs2p. Drs2p transport principally phosphatidylserine (PS) in TGN membranes. The PS is important for a several signalling pathways, for example, in apoptosis and recruitment of the proteins implied in various essential cellular process, so, it's very important to understand the mechanism that establishes this asymmetry.To gain in comprehension of molecular mechanism of lipid transport, robust protocols for expression and purification are required. In this work, we present a procedure for high-yield co-expression of Drs2p and Cdc50p. The purification of Drs2p and Cdc50p is achieved in a single step by affinity chromatography on streptavidin beads, yielding, 1-2 mg purified Drs2p/Cdc50p per liter of culture. This procedure allows purification of the complex Drs2p/Cdc50p with stoichiometry to 1:1. Our complex is functional, overal ATP hydrolysis by the complex is dependent of PS, favourite substrate of Drs2p. This hydrolyze is critically dependent on the presence of PI4P, a phosphoinositide involved in regulation of membrane trafficking.Like many P-type ATPases auto-regulate their activity, we examined the possibility that P4-ATPases are auto-regulated. In this work, we use directed mutagenesis and limited proteolysis associated with mass spectrometry for identify peptides. We show that limited proteolysis of a purified complex Drs2p/Cdc50p resulted in up to a 30-50 fold increase of it ATPase activity, which however remained dependent on PI4P. Using thrombin as the protease, Cdc50p remained intact and in complex with Drs2p, which was cleaved at two positions, namely after R104 and after R1290. Our results therefore reveal that trimming off appropriate regions of the terminal extensions of Drs2p can increase its ATPase activity in the presence of PI4P by an enormous factor, thereby identifying a role of N and/or C-terminal extensions in auto-inhibition of Drs2p.Our results open perspectives on the structural and the functional characterization of the lipid transport mechanism by the complex Drs2p/Cdc50p. Furthermore, our procedures open up the possibility of studying the molecular bases of the pathologies associated with the mutations of human P4-ATPases
Richer-Potier, Carole. "Identification de signaux impliqués dans la rétention d'une protéine membranaire de type I : la calnexine, dans le réticulum endoplasmique (RE) de la cellule végétale." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES054.
Full textMorello, Vincent. "Hélices amphipathiques et transport vésiculaire." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00496960.
Full textBodon, Gilles. "Impact de la protéine CHMP2B et de ses variants pathogènes sur le modelage des membranes biologiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00594742.
Full textEladari, Dominique. "Etude de trois protéines de transport membranaire impliquées dans la régulation de l'état acide basé par le rein." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066429.
Full textMontamat, Florence. "Isolement et caractérisation d'ADNc codant des protéines impliquées dans le transport membranaire des acides aminés chez Arabidopsis thaliana et Vicia faba." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2276.
Full textSaint-Jean, Bruno. "Etude de la voie de transport assurée par le récepteur d’adressage vacuolaire BP80." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES037.
Full textBP80 is a vacuolar receptor responsible for sorting proaleurain from the trans-Golgi network. The complex receptor-ligand is packed into shuttle vesicles that are directed and fused to a prevacuolar compartment where the lower pH induces the dissociation between the receptor and the proaleurain. This latter matured and released in the lytic vacuole. Beside the fact that BP80 uses clathrin coated vesicles for its traffic, we have no other indication on the signals in the cytoplasmic tail used by BP80 traffic. In an attempt to identify trafficking signals, we fused the GFP to the transmembrane and the cytosolic domains of BP80 and called the resulting fusion protein GFP-PS1. Like the native vacuolar receptor, GFP-PS1 accumulates and cycles in the same cell compartment. We then introduced single or two mutation(s) in the cytosolic portion of GFP-PS1. Using this approach, we identify two important sorting signals, which participates to recycling and endocytic events of BP80
Mesmin, Bruno. "La reconnaissance de la courbure membranaire par ArfGAP1." Phd thesis, Nice, 2007. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00320072.
Full textThe COPI coat drives the budding of small vesicle from Golgi apparatus. After being recruited by membrane-bound Arf1-GTP, the COPI coat subunits (Coatomer) polymerise, and shape mechanically the lipid membrane into a spherical structure. Then, GTP hydrolysis in Arf1 is required for the disassembly of the COPI coat, but this reaction must be finely tuned to permit coat disassembly only after vesicle formation. ArfGAP1 is a cytosolic protein that associates in dynamic manner with the Golgi apparatus, and controls the cycling of COPI coat on membranes by catalyzing GTP hydrolysis on Arf1. Results from our lab indicated that the activity of ArfGAP1 is highly sensitive to membrane curvature. Thus a negative feed-back loop was suggested, where COPI assembly drives membrane curvature, which in turn prepares the coat for disassembly by recruiting ArfGAP1, thereby promoting GTP hydrolysis in Arf1. During my thesis, I found that two motifs in the central region of ArfGAP1 act as lipid-packing sensors and help anchor ArfGAP1 at the surface of highly curved membrane. These “ALPS” motifs, which are not structured in solution, adopt an amphipathic helical structure on curved membranes. These helices contrast from classical membrane-adsorbing helices in the abundance of serine and threonine residues and the paucity of charged residues in their polar faces. Because these residues cannot make electrostatic interaction with lipid polar heads, the adsorption of ALPS motifs is driven solely by the insertion of hydrophobic residues between lipids and is thus strongly favored by the creation of lipid packing defects such as those introduced by high membrane curvature
Mesmin, Bruno. "La reconnaissance de la courbure membranaire par ArfGAP1." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320072.
Full textAu cours de ma thèse, j'ai montré que la dépendance d'ArfGAP1 à la courbure s'explique par la présence dans cette protéine de deux motifs « ALPS », qui se replient en hélices alpha lors de leur adsorption membranaire. Ce sont des hélices amphipathiques atypiques car, si elles possèdent une face hydrophobe classique, elles ont une face polaire riche en sérine et thréonine et pauvre en résidus chargés. Puisque ces résidus hydroxylés ne peuvent interagir avec les têtes polaires des lipides, la liaison d'un motif ALPS ne repose que sur l'insertion de ses résidus hydrophobes entre les lipides, ce qui est favorisé par l'écartement lipidique induit par la courbure membranaire, mais plus difficile sur membrane plane où les lipides sont plus compactés.
Dalbon, Pascal. "La protéine mitochondriale de transport des adénine-nucléotides : localisation des sites nucléotidiques par photomarquage, étude de la topographie membranaire de la chaîne polypeptidique à l'aide d'anticorps anti-peptides synthétiques." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10121.
Full textJamal, Layal. "Structural and functional characterization of the lysosomal amino acid transporter PQLC2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL129.
Full textPQLC2, which stands for proline-glu- tamine loop repeat-containing protein 2, be- longs to a family of membrane transport pro- teins characterized by a seven-helix membrane topology and two proline-glutamine motifs. PQLC2 is localized in the lysosomal membrane of mammalian cells, and studies using recombi- nant PQLC2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes have demonstrated that PQLC2 is an uniporter that specifically transports cationic amino acids. However, its 3D atomic structure has not yet been determined. In addition to being a trans- porter, PQLC2 is also a membrane receptor. When the cell is deprived of cationic amino acids, PQLC2 recruits at the lysosome surface a complex of three proteins (called CSW): the GTPase-activating proteins C9ORF72 and SMCR8, and WDR41, the anchor between CSW and PQLC2. The CSW complex is important for normal lysosome function. In addition, congeni- tal mutations in the gene encoding C9ORF72 are directly associated with two neurodegene- rative diseases. Pull-down assays in cell extracts indicate that the interaction of a short 10 amino acid peptide motif from a protruding loop of WDR41 (WDR41-7CD loop) with PQLC2 is sufficient for lysosomal recruitment of CSW. To characterize this interaction as well as the functional role of PQLC2, we expressed mammalian PQLC2 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and established a purification protocol of PQLC2 based on the recognition between anti-GFP nanobodies and GFP fused to PQLC2. To improve the stability of detergent-purified PQLC2, we introduced speci- fic mutations along the protein sequence using a consensus-based mutagenesis approach. Ne- gative-staining electron microscopy of deter- gent-purified PQLC2 suggests that this trans- porter assembles as a homotrimer, like other members of the same PQ-loop family of trans- porters. Finally, by electron paramagnetic re- sonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we assessed the direct interaction between PQLC2 and a peptide encoding the WDR41 loop. These experiments revealed the role of certain WDR41 loop resi- dues in the PQLC2/WDR41-7CD loop interac- tion, as well as the effect of a PQLC2 substrate
Chentouf, Myriam. "Compréhension des mécanismes d'action de l'anticorps recombinant 13B8. 2 par l'analyse de la dynamique membranaire." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON13509.
Full textLouvel, Hélène. "Les systèmes d'acquisition du fer chez les leptospires." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077065.
Full textLeptospires are bacteria of the phylum of spirochetes that are composed of saprophytic species like l. Biflexa and pathogenic species responsible for leptospirosis like l. Interrogans. Genetic manipulation of leptospires is available since several years and, in combination with genomic analyses, it would allow us to improve our knowledge of their physiology. Iron is an essential element for leptospires as for most of the living organisms. We showed that leptospires are aele to use multiple iron sources as hemin and several siderophores. We developed a random mutagenesis system based on transposition that allowed us to show that leptospires possess numerous specific transporters for the iron translocation through biological membranes. L. Biflexa possesses outer membrane tonb-dependent receptors including one for the transport of iron citrate and aerobactin and another transporting desferrioxamine. We identified a ferrous iron specific feoab-type system and a ferric iron specific abc transporter. A fur-like protein may regulate these mechanisms and our results indicate that one of the putative fur of l. Interrogans displays a dna-binding activity. Our work contributes to set the basis of iron acquisition mechanisms in leptospires. The random transposon mutagenesis system, which was found functional in pathogenic species, will allqw the evaluation of the role of iron for virulence
Quentin, Fabienne. "Caractérisation et régulation de protéines de transport membranaire du néphron distal impliquées dans la régulation de l'état acide-base et du bilan du chlorure de sodium par le rein." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066069.
Full textAdrait, Annie. "Etudes spectroscopiques et magnétiques de la protéine Fur (Ferric Uptake Regulation) d'Escherichia coli." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10212.
Full textMoussa, Myriam. "Les transporteurs de caroténoïdes et de la vitamine E : identification et effet de leurs polymorphismes génétiques sur l'absorption/le statut en ces micronutriments." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20667.
Full textMartinez, Denis. "Rôles des phosphoinositides dans l'intéraction membranaire de la protéine Rgd1 et la croissance polarisée des levures : étude structurale et interaction par RMN et cristallographie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0369/document.
Full textPhosphoinositides act as regulatory and signalling molecules at the membrane-cytosol interface in signal transduction, membrane traffic and cytoskeleton organization. These lipids recruit several proteins to specific compartments, but also regulate their activity. In the yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae, they directly bind the Rgd1-RhoGAP domain, that stimulates the GTPase activity of bothRho3p and Rho4p. The GTPase activity of these two Rho proteins, respectively involved in the polarized growth and cytokinesis of the yeast, is enhanced with the presence of Rgd1p and PIPs. The main objective of this thesis is to understand the PIP-RhoGAP interaction at the molecular level. In order to do that, we coupled X-ray structure determination to solution NMR spectroscopy on the isolated RhoGAP domain. Our results show that the domain contains the conserved elements that would usually confer the catalytic GTPase activation. We us e liquid-state NMR spectroscopy to follow the interaction with PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2, respectively found in secretion vesicles and the plasma membrane. Our study reveals a common binding site for both PIPs in a non-conserved region in the RhoGAP domain family. We measured sub-millimolar binding affinity for PIPs. Such moderate binding affinities are consistent with the biological requirement for reversible complex formation. The selectivity of the interaction could be made in a spatio temporal way, on the secretion vesicles during polarized growth and at the plasma membrane during cytokinesis
Mozo, Julien. "Etude du transport des UCPs : utilisation du modèle cellulaire CHO et de la reconstitution en protéoliposomes." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066228.
Full textWilhelm, Léa. "Etude du rôle de STARD3 dans le transport du cholestérol." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ048/document.
Full textSTARD3 is an endosomal sterol-binding protein which belongs to the START protein family. Remarkably, STARD3 modulates the cellular organization by creating membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and endosomes. The link between ER-endosome contact sites and cholesterol transport was not understood. In this work, we showed that STARD3 and its ER–resident partner, VAMP–associated protein (VAP), assemble into a machine that allows a highly efficient transport of cholesterol within ER–endosome contacts. This cholesterol transport provides building blocks for endosome inner membranes formation, and is probably involved in endosome dynamics. Furthermore, we studied STARD3 function in Niemann Pick type C disease, a condition characterized by an impairment of endosomal cholesterol export
Verchère, Alice. "Functional investigation of the efflux pump MexA–MexB-OprM of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P622/document.
Full textAmong the various mechanisms developed by the bacteria to counter to the effect of antibiotics, active efflux is on the front line. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram negative bacteria, efflux transporters are organized as multicomponent systems where MexB, the pump located in the inner membrane, works in conjunction with MexA, a periplasmic protein, and OprM, an outer membrane protein. MexB is a proton motive force-dependent pump with broad substrate specificity. During my PhD, I have designed an original activity assay for MexB and MexA. The pump is coreconstituted into proteoliposomes together with bacteriorhodopsin (BR), a light-activated proton pump. In this system, upon illumination with visible light, the photo-induced proton gradient created by the BR is shown to be coupled to the active transport of substrates through the pump. The activity of MexB is monitored indirectly. Since MexB uses the protomotive force to transport antibiotics, one can determine substrate transport though MexB by monitoring the pH inside the liposomes. For that purpose, pyranine, a fluorescent probe whose fluorescence yield increases with increasing pH, is encapsulated inside the liposomes. This test makes the investigation of the pump possible. In the absence of MexA, MexB has a basal activity which is not substrate-dependent. Once MexB is reconstituted together with MexA, its activity is specific and substrate-dependent. Then I worked on the reconstitution of the whole efflux pump. For this, I prepare two different kinds of liposomes: i) Liposomes with reconstituted MexA and MexB in which pyranine and a nucleic acid intercalating agent are encapsulated, ii) Liposomes with reconstituted OprM and encapsulated RNA. The activity of MexB is monitored thanks to the addition of EthB, a substrate of MexB, that is poorly fluorescent in aqueous medium and highly fluorescent when intercalated into RNA. Upon generation of a pH gradient, I observe two concomitant phenomena: the decrease of pyranine fluorescence, as MexB is using protons to transport the substrate, and the increase of the fluorescence of the RNA intercalating agent as a result of its interaction with RNA. I have successfully assembled the efflux pump and monitored transport through it from one liposome to the other. I have demonstrated that OprM needs to interact with MexA and MexB in order to open and that MexB activity is accelerated when the pump is assembled
Boutant, Emmanuel. "Caractérisation des interactions entre la protéine de mouvement (MP) du Tobacco mosaic virus et le cytosquelette microtubulaire et étude du mécanisme de transport de la MP aux plasmodesmes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/BOUTANT_Emmanuel_2007.pdf.
Full textThe RNA genome of Tobacco mosaic virus encodes four proteins of which one is the movement protein (MP). MP accumulates with plasmodesmata (pd), with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and microtubules (MT). In this manuscript we therefore focused on the following aspects: 1. Characterisation of the association of MP with MTs. We demonstrate that MP is recruited to MTs by a lateral anchoring mechanism in a multimeric state. We show that MT-associated MP protects MTs in vivo against destabilizing agents but, binding of MP to mitotic MTs does not affect mitosis. Our analysis of the in vitro and in vivo interactions between MP and the MT-EndBinding protein1 show that MP alters EB1 localisation and dynamics. We also demonstrate that MP interacts with proteins from the MTs nucleation complex. 2. Analysis of MP transport to pd. We investigated whether Pd-targeting of MP involves the secretory pathway and demonstrate, that the targeting of MP to pd is independent of a functional secretory pathway
Ahmed, Ouameur Amin. "Caractérisation de la famille des transporteurs de folate et de la bioptérine (FBT) chez le parasite protozoaire Leishmania." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28244/28244.pdf.
Full textPalakas, Somchit. "Etudes fonctionnelles dans son environnement membranaire natif d'un transporteur multispécifique, la "Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 1" (MRP1, ABCC1) : application à la recherche de radiopharmaceutiques potentiels." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR3309.
Full textMRP1 (ABCC1) is a multispecific membrane transporter who plays an important role in cellular detoxification and absorption/distribution/elimination processes of drugs, and confers to certain cancer cells, the multidrug resistance phenotype (MDR) to anticancer agents. In search of radiopharmaceuticals for in vivo imaging of MDR phenotype by scintigraphic exploration, perturbation of MRP1 ATPase and transport functions have been investigated using microsomes issued from human small cell lung cancer cells (GLC4/Adr). Transport of [3H]LTC4, [ 3H]E217βG and [3H]GSH by MRP1 as well as its ATPase activity stimulated by its transported substrates have been characterized. Both functional probes are inhibited in the presence of QCRL-3, a specific monoclonal antibody of MRP1. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that apigenine and its five newly synthesized halogenated derivatives interact with MRP1 only in the presence of GSH
Tanguy, Emeline. "Implication de l’acide phosphatidique dans le trafic membranaire : rôle et régulation de la phospholipase D au cours de la phagocytose et de l’exocytose régulée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ112.
Full textThe discovery of the involvement of lipids in membrane trafficking is one of the major recent progress in cell biology. My thesis work focused on phosphatidic acid (PA), the simplest phospholipid. PA synthesis by phospholipase D (PLD) plays a crucial role during phagocytosis and regulated exocytosis, but its precise dynamics, as well as the mode of action of the different PA species, remain unknown. I characterized three PA binding domains allowing a better understanding of the interaction between proteins and PA and leading to the generation of genetic sensors for PA in cells. Thus I could visualize PA synthesis during phagocytosis and identified that the small GTPase Arf6 regulates PLD activity and consequently PA synthesis. My work also reveals that PLD modulates several steps during exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells. Further lipidomics and rescue experiments allowed me to show that mono- and polyunsaturated forms of PA are involved in distinct steps of exocytosis
Bergé, Matthieu. "Étude du recrutement de la nucléase EndA au sein du complexe de transport de l'ADN transformant chez Streptococcus pneumoniae." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1901/.
Full textNatural genetic transformation is widely distributed in bacteria, allowing genetics exchange. Transformation requires a specialized membrane-associated complex which forms a DNA entry pore allowing internalization of exogenous single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). It also requires dedicated cytosolic proteins to integrate internalised ssDNA into the chromosome by homologous recombination. This complex, named DNA Transformasome, has been intensively studied in the human pathogen S. Pneumoniae and the soil bacteria B. Subtilis. The aim of my project was to characterize the membrane-associated complex in S. Pneumoniae. I adapted two complementary cellular biology methods. To identify physical links between Transformasome components, I developed a method to purify membrane complexes in S. Pneumoniae. Moreover, I performed fluorescence microscopy, which allows us to track and record individual bacterial cells of S. Pneumoniae upon competence induction. Using GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) fused to a key division protein FtsZ, I demonstrated a delayed septation process in competent cells. To visualize the integration of components of the DNA entry pore, I focused on EndA. EndA is a sequence non-specific endonuclease bound to the membrane which is responsible for processing double-stranded DNA into single-stranded fragments that in turn enter the microbial cell. This nuclease has been identified only in the streptococcal system. Remarkably, EndA is the only known component of the DNA entry pore that is constitutively expressed in non-competent cells and is not induced in competence. I showed that EndA concentrates into localized foci upon competence induction. This specific localization depends on the presence of the DNA-receptor, ComEA. Moreover, EndA and ComEA appear preferentially located at midcell in cultures exhibiting optimal transformation efficiency. Similarly, binding of extracellular DNA was localized to the cell centre. Together, our results are consistent with a model in which the active entry pore for DNA transformation is located at the septum in pneumococcal cells. In contrast, it appears that the entire process of DNA transformation localizes at the cell poles in B. Subtilis. Although components of Transformasome are conserved between species, it appears that bacteria have adapted the transformation process according to their own physiology
Marie, Solène. "Imagerie translationnelle pour la mise en évidence des répercussions pharmacocinétiques des transporteurs de médicaments Imaging Probes and Modalities for the Study of Solute Carrier O (SLCO)-Transport Function In Vivo Validation of Pharmacological Protocols for Targeted Inhibition of Canalicular MRP2 Activity in Hepatocytes Using [99mTc]mebrofenin Imaging in Rats." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASQ004.
Full textDrug distribution from blood to tissues, where pharmacological and/or toxic effects occur, often involves transporters that control their passage across biological membranes. Organic-Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP), among other hepatocyte transporters, mediate the hepatic elimination of many drugs. Some OATPs are expressed in other organs where their impact for pharmacokinetics is unclear.The aim of this work was to develop original imaging methods to selectively measure the OATP-mediated transport at the blood-tissue interface. First, we used [99mTc]mebrofenin, a radiopharmaceutical routinely used for hepatobiliary scintigraphy. In rats, we validated a targeted pharmacological inhibition protocol, feasible in Humans, allowing to study the sinusoidal OATP activity apart from biliary excretion,in a non-invasive way.Then we optimized the analysis methods of PET (positron emission tomography) kinetics obtained using the new OATP-substrate probe [11C]glyburide, used for the first time in Humans. A whole-body dynamic acquisition method enabled quantitative determination of OATP function in the liver and other tissues in primate and in Humans.Translational imaging offers novel perspectives for original pharmacokinetic studies, that could not be envisioned in humans so far. Thanks to the development of radiopharmaceuticals to measure drug transporters activity and to the optimization of imaging data analysis, it is possible to study their functional impact on drug distribution and elimination at the tissue level in humans
Paulet, Damien. "Variation d'hydrophobicité et structure secondaire des protéines transmembranaires." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON13518/document.
Full textBackground. Few high-resolution structures of integral membranes proteins are available, as crystallization of such proteins needs yet to overcome too many technical limitations. Nevertheless, prediction oftheir transmembrane (TM) structure by bioinformatics tools provides interesting insights on the topology of these proteins.Method. We describe here how to extract new information from the analysis of hydrophobicity variations or hydrophobic pulses (HPulses) in the sequence of integral membrane proteins using the Hydrophobic Pulse Predictor, a new tool we developed for this purpose. To analyze the primary sequence of 70 integralmembrane proteins we defined two levels of analysis : G1-HPulses for sliding windows of n=2 to 6 andG2-HPulses for sliding windows of n=12 to 16.Results. The G2-HPulse analysis of 541 transmembrane helices allowed the definition of the new conceptof transmembrane unit (TMU) that groups together transmembrane helices and segments with potentialadjacent structures. In addition, the G1-HPulse analysis identified helix irregularities that correspondedto kinks, partial helices or unannotated structural events. These irregularities could represent key dynamicelements that are alternatively activated depending on the channel status as illustrated by the crystalstructures of the lactose permease in different conformations. Our results open a new way in the understanding of transmembrane secondary structures : hydrophobicity through hydrophobic pulses stronglyimpacts on such embedded structures and is not confined to define the transmembrane status of aminoacids
Buffet-Bataillon, Sylvie. "Relation épidémiologique et génétique entre la résistance aux antibiotiques et des concentrations minimales inhibitrices élevées d'Escherichia coli isolés de bactériémies vis-à-vis d'ammoniums quaternaires." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1B085.
Full textQuaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are used as a preservative in the composition of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals products. They are also widely used as detergents, disinfectants. The increasing use of AQs may be one factor responsible for the emergence of multidrug resistance in clinical bacterial strains. A prospective study was conducted in 153 patients with Escherichia coli bacteremia at the University Hospital of Rennes. This study showed an epidemiological link between high values of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of QACs in E. Coli and resistance to antibiotics (ATB). Secondarily, the mechanisms of co-resistance has been studied showing the involvement of the Class 1 integrons, the AcrAB multi-drug efflux pump and mar regulon in E. Coli strains resistant to ATB and with high MICs of QACs. A review finally reported the role of QACs in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance. It appears important that this mechanism can be identified by microbiology laboratories
Gubar, Olga. "Rôle de l'intersectin-1 au cours du trafic membranaire : identification de nouveaux partenaires moléculaires." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ010/document.
Full textThe cellular homeostasis is tightly linked to the membrane trafficking, a dynamic process which allows lipid and protein exchange between the cellular compartments as well as the cell and the environment. Intersectin1 (ITSN1) is a multifunctional scaffold protein implicated in the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis, different signaling pathways and cell survival. In present study I have identified two new partners of ITSN1, RhoU and OPHN1, and demonstrated their implication in membrane trafficking. Surprisingly, I have also found that the alternative splicing of ITSN1-L can lead to the change of the specificity of its interaction with binding partners. In addition, I have shown that different ITSN1 isoforms are capable to form complexes with each other. All together these data add new knowledge to ITSN1 interactome
Seigneurin-Berny, Daphné. "Recherche de nouveaux systèmes de transport à travers l'enveloppe du chloroplaste : caractérisation de nouvelles protéines hydrophobes." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00181078.
Full textL'approche que nous avons développée repose sur le caractère hydrophobe des transporteurs qui permet de les solubiliser dans des mélanges de solvants organiques, comme le chloroforme/méthanol. Cette approche permet l'extraction de protéines hydrophobes et mineures de l'enveloppe, elle est spécifique de la localisation subcellulaire. D'autre part, suivant leur hydrophobicité, les protéines peuvent être extraites de façon différentielle en fonction des rapports de solvants organiques. Les protéines extraites sont séparées par électrophorèse en conditions dénaturantes, et analysées par microséquençage. Plusieurs protéines ont été identifiées dont les protéines IE16 et IE18.
Nous avons poursuivi la caractérisation fonctionnelle de IE16 et IE18 en analysant d'une part les homologies de séquences avec des protéines de fonction connue. D'autre part, nous avons obtenu des mutants de cyanobactéries et d'Arabidopsis thaliana dont les gènes correspondant aux protéines IE16 et IE18 ont été interrompus. L'analyse des phénotypes peut fournir des informations sur la fonction des protéines mutées. Notamment, la protéine IE18 pourrait être impliquée dans le transport des ions K+ et/ou H+. Afin d'effectuer des analyses biochimiques sur ces protéines, elles ont été exprimées dans des systèmes hétérologues. Ces protéines sont produites dans le système d'expression cellules d'insecte/baculovirus alors qu'aucune expression n'est détectée dans le système E. coli. Ces protéines forment des homodimères. Les analyses fonctionnelles par électrophysiologie sont en cours actuellement.
Lors des premiers séquençages des protéines extraites dans les solvants organiques, une séquence correspondant à une annexine a été obtenue. Nous avons poursuivi l'étude de cette protéine. Le sulfolipide, lipide spécifique du plaste, est un site à haute affinité permettant l'interaction de l'annexine avec l'enveloppe. L'annexine copurifie avec les chloroplastes et des vésicules d'enveloppe en présence de calcium. Cette protéine ne forme pas de canal ionique lorsqu'elle est insérée dans des bicouches lipidiques planes. Elle ne présente pas non plus d'activité péroxydase. La signification de son interaction avec l'enveloppe du chloroplaste reste à être déterminée.
L'approche que nous avons développée peut être utilisée de façon systématique pour l'étude des transports dans différents systèmes membranaires.
Benba, Jamila. "Contribution à l'étude du système de transport des dicarboxylates des mitochondries; purification, caractérisation." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES053.
Full textHovsepian, Junie. "L'arrestine Csr2/Art8 régule l'endocytose des transporteurs d'hexoses lors d'une carence en glucose chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC151/document.
Full textCells respond to environmental nutritional signals by regulating transporter availability at their plasma membrane. This adaptation first occurs trough the regulation of transporter gene expression. Nutritional signals also regulate the stability of transporters and their subcellular localization, which is controlled by trafficking events such as endocytosis. In S. cerevisiae, transporter endocytosis is a consequence of their ubiquitylation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5, which belongs to the Nedd4 protein familly. Ubiquitin conjugates act as a molecular signal that triggers transporter internalization and degradation in the yeast lysosome. Rsp5 activity requires adaptor proteins called ART (Arrestin-related trafficking adaptors). ART proteins are involved in the specificity of the endocytosis process because they regulate Rsp5 activity towards specific cargoes in response to specific environmental cues. During my PhD, I studied glucose transporter endocytosis in response to glucose starvation in yeast. S. cerevisiae genome encodes many glucose transporters with different substrate affinities. This allows cells to adapt to a wide range of extracellular glucose concentrations. I showed that high affinity glucose transporters are internalized and degraded during cell adaptation to glucose-free medium. These endocytosis events require the ART protein Csr2/Art8. I highlighted the glucose-mediated transcriptional and post-translational regulation of Csr2. My work showed the central role of the Snf1/AMPK kinase in the regulation of carbon source transporter endocytosis according to glucose availability in the medium
Ammar, Mohamed Raafet. "Rôle de la phospholipase D1 dans le trafic membranaire : implication dans le développement neuronal et l'exocytose régulée." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998047.
Full textChirivino, Dafne. "Rôle de l’ezrine dans l’endocytose et la stabilité des récepteurs de type tyrosine kinase." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112281.
Full textEzrin is a member of the ERM protein family, which provides a regulated linkage between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. Ezrin has been involved in the trafficking of membrane proteins however its function in this process is as of yet unknown. Two-hybrid screens performed with ezrin as baits led to the identification of proteins involved in membrane protein transport. We analyzed the function of ezrin association with two new interactors: the HOPS complex subunit Vps11 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1. Vps11 is a member of the tethering HOPS complex that coordinates Rab and SNARE functions during vesicular fusion along the endocytic pathway. We have investigated the role of ezrin/Vps11 interaction in the endocytosis of the EGF receptor. We have shown that the interaction between ezrin and the HOPS complex promotes endosome maturation and is necessary for EGF receptor transport from early to late endosomes, therefore participating in the regulation of EGFR endocytosis and degradation. WWP1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the Nedd4 family. A role for WWP1 was identified in the regulation and degradation of growth factors receptors and transcription factors. We have shown that Ezrin/WWP1 interaction results in ezrin ubiquitylation, but is not involved in regulating ezrin degradation. Rather, we were able to show that this ubiquitylation likely mediates protein interaction and that the binding between ezrin and WWP1 promotes c-Met receptor stabilization. Altogether our results indicate that ezrin participates in the control of tyrosine kinase receptor degradation by regulating the assembly of multimeric complexes involved in protein trafficking and ubiquitylation
Wang, Guan. "Roles of substrate rigidity and composition in membrane trafficking." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC195.
Full textFrom brain to bones, stiffness and composition of the extracellular matrix vary greatly and play a role in cell responses. Substrate rigidity also impacts plasma membrane tension, which has a close relationship with membrane trafficking. How substrate rigidity and chemistry sensing may regulate exocytosis, which in turn regulates membrane tension, is still largely unknown. Here, I used pHluorin imaging of single vesicle exocytosis in cells cultured on substrates of controlled rigidity and composition to explore the regulation of VAMP2 and VAMP7-mediated exocytosis. I developed a computer software to automatically identify fusion events thus allowing quick analysis of batch data. I contributed to the study showing that VAMP7 exocytosis is regulated by src kinase which phosphorylates VAMP7 in its Longin domain (LD) (Burgo et al. JBC 2013). I further found that VAMP7 but not VAMP7 lacking LD- or VAMP2-mediated secretion was stimulated by substrate stiffness on laminin. VAMP7 and VAMP7 lacking LD were similarly sensitive to osmotic chock-induced membrane tension changes. Finally, i showed that LRRK1, a regulator of egf receptor transport, is a partner of the LD, and controls the retrograde transport of VAMP7. These approaches allowed me to reveal a new mechanism whereby substrate rigidity, by acting on integrin signalling, enhances VAMP7 exocytosis via LRRK1- and Rab21-dependent regulation of its peripheral readily-releasable pool (Wang et al. submitted). This mechanism may have broad potential relevance for plasma membrane dynamics in normal conditions and diseases, particularly cancer
Ferrand, Michel. "Etude des mouvements internes de la bactériorhodopsine par diffusion inélastique de neutrons et simulation de dynamique moléculaire." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10160.
Full textHAJEM, SAID. "Etude epidemiologique du transport ionique membranaire." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA11T012.
Full textCescau, Sandra. "Sécrétion de l'hémophore HasA de Serratia marcescens via un transporteur ABC." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077213.
Full textThe Type I secretion System makes it possible the Gram negative bacteria to export proteins presenting an uncleaved C-terminal secretion signal. The transporter are constituted of 3 proteins: a membrane ATPase of the large family of ABC proteins, a second cytoplasmic membrane protein and an outer membrane protein belonging to TolC family. TolC is multifunctional. It participates also to efflux pump which expulse detergents and antibiotics. When they are co-expressed, T1SS and efflux pump share TolC without lost of functionality. The secretion complex is not permanently associated. Its formation is induced by the interaction between the secretion signal and the ABC protein. The oligomerisation of the transporter has been studied by several biochemical approaches: affinity chromatography and cross-linking. Th molecular mechanisms of the association-dissociation of the transporter are unknown. During this work, the model studied was the T1SS of the HasA hemophore of S. Marcescens. We have shown that Has deleted for its C-terminal secretion signal induced a stable oligomerisation of the transporter, trapping TolC proteins. The unavailability of TolC molecules for the efflux pump involved a increased SDS sensitivity. The hyperproduction of the TolC protein reversed this phenotype. The expression of the secretion signal as a single molecule also restored the resistance This suggests that the secretion signal is active in an intermolecular manner. Thus, the hemophore presents 2 interaction domains with the ABC protein: the secretion signal and a second site name the anchoring domain
Kurauskas, Vilius. "Fonction d'une protéine membranaire : étude structurale et dynamique par RMN." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV005/document.
Full textThe use of detergents is often unavoidable in the structural studies of membrane proteins. Dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) is one of the most commonly used detergents for such studies in solution state NMR spectroscopy. The effect of detergent on structure and dynamics remains an important and poorly understood question. In this study we have investigated millisecond dynamics, substrate binding and structural features of three different yeast proteins from mitochondrial carrier family (GGC1, ORC1 and AAC3) in DPC micelles. We have detected millisecond dynamics, which are asymmetrically distributed across the structure. Contrary to previous claims, we show that these dynamics are unrelated to function, as they are not affected by the substitutions which abolish mitochondrial carrier transport in proteoliposomes. Furthermore, we could show that the very well-defined substrate specificity of these proteins in membranes is abolished when they are reconstituted in DPC, questioning their functionality. Structural investigations have revealed that both tertiary and secondary structures of these carriers are perturbed in DPC micelles, with some TM helices showing substantial solvent exposure. We have concluded from these observations that DPC detergent strongly perturbs these, and likely other mitochondrial carriers by rendering them very flexible. Our findings point to a possibly general effect of this detergent on membrane proteins, as we discuss with examples of previously studied membrane proteins. In the second part we have addressed a fundamental question of protein dynamics: how do proteins move inside crystals? We have investigated ms dynamics in a crystalline ubiquitin to gain the insight on the impact of the crystalline lattice on such motions, using solid-state NMR and ms long MD simulations of explicit crystal arrangements. Interestingly a local dynamic exchange process on a ms time scale is still present in crystals. However, by comparing different crystal forms we establish that the thermodynamics of the exchanging states and their interconversion rate constants are significantly altered by the crystal contacts. Furthermore, we detect overall "rocking" motion of molecules in the crystal, occurring on a tens-of-ms time scale, and provide evidence that overall and local motion are coupled. We discuss the implications of ms dynamics on the data quality in X-ray diffraction experiments
Adrien, Vladimir. "Diffusion des lipides et interaction protéine-protéine dans des membranes modèles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB033.
Full textBiological membranes, which divide the elements of life, are a key factor in biological processes such as signaling, transport, transmission of an nerve impulse, etc. Seen as two-dimensional fluids, the study of their physical properties could help us understand some unsolved biological mechanisms. This work focused on molecule mobility within membranes, and specifically on two essential parameters: membrane viscosity and lateral diffusion. After optimizing the Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) technique on confocal microscopes, we studied the mobility of molecules within two types of in vitro model membranes: the sponge phase made of a non-ionic surfactant (C12E5) and the giant unilamellar lipidic vesicles (GUVs). 1) Sponge phase (or L3) : after having established its phase diagram and shown that membrane proteins stay active in this phase, we measured protein mobility by Fluorescence Recovery After fringe Pattern Photobleaching (FRAPP). This allowed us to obtain the association constants of the proteins of the efflux pump OprM-MexAB involved in the resistance to antibiotics of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These interactions heavily depend on the degree of confinement of each protein. 2) GUVs : after having developed a simple method for the formation of GUVs, in which membrane proteins stay active, we measured the lipid diffusion by FRAP. We showed that, under certain conditions, they can move together, which explains the diversity of results in the literature. By measuring membrane viscosity by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM), we also showed that viscosity should not be necessarily deduced from hydrodynamic diffusion models
Miroux, Bruno. "Analyse de la structure secondaire d'une protéine membranaire mitochondriale la protéine découplante du tissu adipeux brun." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA11T018.
Full textCointry, Virginia. "Biochemical characterization of the IRT1 transporter and of its regulatory mechanism." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB019.
Full textIron is a key nutrient for all living organisms and it is involved in many cellular processes. Despite being one of the most abundant elements on earth, iron often is unavailable because it precipitates in soil, forming insoluble complexes. Plants take up iron from the soil through the epidermic cells of the root using the IRT1 iron transporter that belongs to the widely distributed ZIP family of transporters. Aside from iron, IRT1 can also transport non-iron metals (Zn, Mn, Co and Cd), which we also refer to as the secondary substrates. It was recently shown by our team that IRT1 acts as a transceptor, directly sensing non-iron metals using a histidine-rich stretch in an unstructured intracellular loop (Dubeaux et al., 2018). Shortly, under non-iron metal excess, metals bind to the histidines recruiting the CIPK23 kinase. Phosphorylation, in turn, allows the recruitment of the IDF1 E3 ligase that ubiquitinates IRT1 and targets it for degradation through the endocytic pathway. To date, we still know very little about the structural characteristics of IRT1, its transport mechanisms, the basis of IRT1 transport selectivity and the molecular mechanisms driving regulation events such as the recruitment of the CIPK23 kinase. Such a gap exist for all the eukaryotic ZIPs. During the course of this work, we initiated crucial steps for achieving the biochemical characterization of this protein. Here, we are the first to report having established an optimized protocol for the heterologous expression, solubilization and purification of an IRT1 variant protein in yeast cells. Also, we determined a technical procedure for the study of the IRT1 transporter in proteoliposomes. Both technical approaches reported here set ground in the future of the structural and mechanical characterization of IRT1, and eukaryotic ZIPs in general. The sample generated by our protocol resulted in a quality enough for preliminary characterization of the structure by cryogenic electron microscopy together with our collaborators. Additionally, we were able to investigate the oligomeric properties of IRT1 in vitro, by subjecting the pure sample to fluorescent coupled size exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation, and by in vivo techniques such as co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Furthermore, we investigated the nature of the molecular mechanism driven by metal binding on the loop of IRT1. We determined by circular dichroism and NMR the absence of tridimensional structure on said portion of the protein, even in presence of the secondary substrates that trigger the regulatory path of IRT1. We provide here, further evidence of metal binding on the histidine loop, as well as a quantification of this interaction in vitro. Additionally, we inferred on the role of an aspartic acid residue, present in the regulatory loop as well, which appears to have a major role in the structural stability of IRT1, but none on the direct metal binding
Noureddine, Hiba. "Etude de l'association entre l'acétylcholinestérase et sa protéine d'ancrage membranaire "PRiMA"." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T009.
Full textThe nervous tissue and muscles of mammals express the T splice variant of acetylcholinesterase (ACHET), associatied with anchoring proteins, ColQ and PRiMA, producing respectively collagen-tailed forms and membrane-bound tetramers. These interactions are important since they condition the functional anchoring of AChE in cholinergic tissues. The collagen-tailed forms are inserted in the basal lamina at neuromuscular junction, while the membrane-bound tetramers are anchored at the cell surface through the transmembrane domain of PRiMA. The membrane-bound tetramers represent the major enzyme species in the brain. The association of AChEr subunits with ColQ has been extensively studied : it is based on an tight interaction between four t peptides and a praline-rich motif, called PRAD ("Proline-Rich Attachment Domain"), located in the N-terminal region of ColQ. The association of AChEj subunits with PRiMA appears similar because this transmembrane protein also contains a proline-rich motif, but there are significant differences in the number of pralines (8 in ColQ, 14 in PRiMA) and in the number and positions of cysteines that might form intercatenary disulfide bonds with the cysteine located near the C-terminus of the t peptides. Therefore, we have undertaken an analysis of the association of AChET with PRiMA. Using deletions and point mutations in PRiMA, we defined a minimal motif in PRiMA, which could associate with AChEr subunits