Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protéine 1 de la mort cellulaire programmée'
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Moubarak, Rana. "Caractérisation de la voie de mort cellulaire programmée induite par le dommage à l'ADN : rôles de PARP-1, calpaine, Bax et AIF." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066045.
Full textRobinet, Pauline. "La mitogaligine, protéine de la mort cellulaire programmée : localisation nucléaire, conséquences de modifications post-traductionnelles potentielles et interaction fonctionnelle avec Mcl-1." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635381.
Full textOuellet, Mario. "Analyse fonctionnelle d'homologues végétaux de Bax Inhibitor-1 et développement d'un modèle de mort cellulaire programmée induite par Bax chez des cultures cellulaires de Nicotiana tabacum." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21795/21795.pdf.
Full textRousselle, Tristan. "Etude fonctionnelle de la protéine p21(waf1/cip1) : rôles joués au cours du cycle cellulaire et de la mort cellulaire programmée." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10210.
Full textChaîné, Marie-Andrée. "Étude de l'expression d'AtBI-1 lors de la mort cellulaire programmée causée par les UV-C." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4908.
Full textPetit, Frédéric. "Effets du VIH-1 sur la modulation des mécanismes de mort cellulaire programmée dans les lymphocytes T CD4." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066294.
Full textDe, Vries-Brilland Manon. "Caractérisation du microenvironnement immunitaire des carcinomes papillaires du rein." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ANGE0017.
Full textArticle 1: Checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma : papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (pRCC) is the most common non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC) and a distinct entity, although heterogenous, associated with poor outcomes. The treatment landscape of metastatic pRCC (mpRCC) relied so far on targeted therapies, mimicking previous developments in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. However, antiangiogenics as well as mTOR inhibitors retain only limited activity in mpRCC. As development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is now underway in patients with mpRCC, we aimed at discussing early activity data and potential for future therapeutic strategies in monotherapy or combination. Expression of immune checkpoints such as PD-L1 and infiltrative immune cells in pRCC could provide insights into their potential immunogenicity, although this is currently poorly described. Based on retrospective and prospective data, efficacy of ICI as single agent remains limited. Combinations with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, notably with anti-MET inhibitors, harbor promising response rates and may enter the standard of care in untreated patients. Collaborative work is needed to refine the molecular and immune landscape of pRCC, and pursue efforts to set up predictive biomarker-driven clinical trials in these rare tumors. Article 2 : Comprehensive analyses of immune tumor microenvironment in papillary renal cell carcinoma. Background : papillary Renal CellCarcinoma (pRCC) is the most common non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC), and associated with poor outcomes in the metastatic setting. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) ,largely unknown, of patients with metastatic pRCC and identify potential therapeutic targets. Methods : we performed quantitative gene expression analysis of TME using MCP-counter methodology, on 2 independent cohorts of localized pRCC (n=271 and n=98). We then characterized the TME, using immunohistochemistry (n=38) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) (n=30) on metastatic pRCC from the prospective AXIPAP trial cohort. Results: unsupervised clustering identified 2 "TME subtypes", in each of the cohorts : the “immune-enriched” and the “immune-low”.Within AXIPAP trial cohort, the “immune-enriched” cluster was significantly associated with a worse prognosis according to the median overall survival to 8 months (95%CI, 6-29) versus 37 months (95%CI, 20-NA,p=0.001).The 2 immune signatures, Teff and JAVELIN Renal 101 Immuno signature, predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in ccRCC, were significantly higher in the “immune-enriched” group (adjusted p<0.05). Finally, 5 differentially overexpressed genes were identified, corresponding mainly to B lymphocyte populations. Conclusion : for the first time, using RNA-seqand IHC, we have highlighted a specific immune TME subtype of metastatic pRCC, significantly more infiltrated with T and Bimmune population. This “immune-enriched” group appears to have a worse prognosis and could have a potential predictive value for response to immunotherapy, justifying the confirmation of these results in a cohort of metastatic pRCC treated with CPI and incombination with targeted therapies
Simon, Sylvain. "Régulation de l'expression de PD-1 sur des lymphocytes T spécifiques de mélanome et suivi immunologique de patients traités par immunothérapie anti-PD-1." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT1024/document.
Full textWhile having considerably modified melanoma-patients’ management, a large fraction of patients remains refractory to the immunotherapies targeting PD-1 axis. The understanding of immunological mechanisms involved in clinical efficacy or tumor resistance is crucial to further improve therapeutic efficiency. PD-1 has been largely documented as a major regulator of anti-tumor T cell responses, but it also identifies melanoma-reactive T lymphocytes. We have demonstrated that PD-1 positive melanoma-specific T cell clones exhibit higher functional avidity than T cell clones unable to induce PD-1 through epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, the in vitro PD-1 blockade during the generation of melanoma-specific T cells for adoptive cell transfer allows the production of T effectors with optimized functions.The immune follow-up of anti-PD-1 treated melanoma patients demonstrated substantial changes, in all patients, within the Melan-A specific T cell repertoire. We observed the emergence of high functional avidity clonotypes’ exhibiting PD-1 and TIGIT co-expression in responding patients.These studies demonstrated that PD-1 is associated with melanoma-specific T cells functional avidity. In addition, therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatments is correlated to that property as it allows the emergence of clonotypes exhibiting high functional avidity and reactivity to tumor cells. These T lymphocytes co-express PD-1 and TIGIT, which could therefore represent suitable targets for further combined therapies
Landry, Marie-Claude. "Implication du trafic des endosomes de recyclage et de la dynamique de l'actine dans la communication inter-organelle au cours de la mort cellulaire programmée : la protéine E4orf4 de l'adénovirus comme modèle d'étude." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27173/27173.pdf.
Full textMailhac, Nathalie. "Etude des gènes AtBI, homologues chez Arabidopsis thaliana, du gène humain bax-inhibitor-1 : caractérisation de la fonction "suppresseur de mort cellulaire programmée" du gène AtBI-1." Perpignan, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PERP0502.
Full textOur study revealed the presence of 3 genes, named AtBI, in the genome of A. Thaliana, that are homologous to the human gene hBax-Inhibitor-1, a suppressor of Programmed Cell Death (PCD). We used two experimental systems: transient expression in protoplasts and stable transformants (35S-AtBI-1), to demonstrate the conservation in plants of the suppressor function when PCD was induced by UV-C, by heterologous expression of mBAX-a or during the PCD of the tapetum occurring in anther development. In addition, we have shown the conservation of the suppressor function of hBcl-2 when PCD is induced by mBax-a. Finally, AtBI-1 and AtBI-3 are ubiquitously expressed, and share the conserved structural properties of the human hBI-1 gene and protein. This gene family may represent a novel regulator of plant PCD, possibly at the level of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Wizla, Pierre. "Protéine NS1 du parvovirus H-1 et induction de la mort cellulaire dans des cellules humaines normales et transformées." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00499417.
Full textVillette, Solange. "Étude du rôle des thiorédoxines f dans la mort cellulaire programmée et en réponse à divers stress abiotiques chez la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6815.
Full textJagot, Lacoussière Léonard. "Interactions protéine-protéine dans le contrôle de l'apoptose : Développements thérapeutiques." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC218.
Full textMy work is based on the identification and the biological characterization of new molecules implicated in the apoptotic response by the study of protein interactions. Our goal is to produce small molecules effective against cancer cells by the control of protein-protein interactions. My work has two main axes. Le first one is focused on the non-apoptotic functions of the Apaf-1 protein in the stress response induced by anti-cancer agents through the arrest of the cell cycle. This role of Apaf-1 requires a redistribution of the protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and its nuclear translocation seems to be a positive prognosis for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. I show that this process of redistribution of Apaf-1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, dependent on the DNA damage, is mediated by an interaction between the protein and the nucleoporin NUP107. The second axe is based on the validation of the inactivation of the AAC-11 protein as a therapeutic strategy for the cancer. This protein, initially identified as a survival protein in the absence of growth factors, is overexpressed in a large number of tumor tissues and is essential to their survival. It interacts with its partners through a leucine-zipper domain and we have developed cell penetrating peptides targeting this domain, preventing the interaction between AAC-11 and its protein partners and interfering with its functions. My work is based on the evaluation of these peptides and on their optimization
Ullah, Matti. "Immune Checkpoints in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis : HLA-G, PD-L1 & the Impact of Cancer Therapies." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS288.
Full textPeritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a term used for widespread metastatic dissemination of cancer to the peritoneal cavity. It is characterized by the accumulation of fluid called “ascites” and is considered a terminal stage of cancer, as it is hard to treat. The overall survival rate for untreated patients is six-months. However, owing to modern techniques like HIPEC, the survival rate can be increased up to five years. The ascites accumulated in PC, consists of tumor cells, cytokines and immune cells. Cancer cells express specific proteins to suppress immune cells activity and their attack, known as immune checkpoints. PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are well established immune checkpoint pathways adapted by cancer in evading immunity. Recently, HLA-G has been recognized as an immune checkpoint and has been found to decrease overall survival in several types of solid cancers. We evaluated the expression of HLA-G in ascites from ovarian carcinomatosis. We found that HLA-G is expressed by cancer cells in ascites from all of the patients(n=16) with ovarian carcinomatosis. Moreover, increased levels of sHLA-G1 and HLA-G5 were found in ascites. This presence of sHLA-G isoforms was found to be positively correlated with Tregs and negatively correlated with cytotoxic T-cells (CD8) and NK-cells suggesting the role of HLA-G in immune suppression. Further, we found that ascites can induce the expression of HLA-G in “Hospicells” via inflammatory cytokines. Among the inflammatory cytokines, TGF-β and IL-1β are of crucial importance in HLA-G induction with IL-1β being more potent compared to TGF-β. Further, we found that IL-1β induces HLA-G expression through NF-κB pathway.In a separate cohort of peritoneal carcinomatosis(n=27), consisting of patients with cancer from a different origin, we found that cancer cell cluster in ascites (n=23) had a heterogeneous gene expression of PD-L1, CTLA-4 and HLA-G. Further, we found that all of the patients presented soluble levels of HLA-G in their ascites. However, one patient was negative for soluble PD-L1 and only 5 patients presented soluble CTLA-4 levels in their ascites. This heterogeneity explains why some of the patients respond to immune therapy while others don’t. This also suggests the need for prescreening patients before immune therapy. Moreover, we found a very strong positive correlation (rs=0.793) between gene level of PD-L1 and CTLA-4, while no correlation was found for HLA-G with PD-L1 and CTLA-4 suggesting that HLA-G acts independently of both the immune checkpoints. Also, we evaluated the expression of these immune checkpoints by cells in peritoneal tissue (n=20). We found low expression of HLA-G and PD-L1, but the majority of the samples were found strongly positive for sHLA-G presence. This sHLA-G can provide an immune-suppressive environment for the attachment of the cancer cell clusters to the peritoneal membrane to form cancer nodule. Additionally, we developed an in-vitro cytotoxicity assay to show that the ascites can provide the immune-suppressive action by interfering with immune cell interaction and delaying the lysis of cancer cells by the immune cells.In parallel, we found that the differentiation of the cancer cells results in increased expression of immune checkpoints like HLA-G or PD-L1. This may render these cells more immune resistant and can protect against immune attack. However, in-vivo mice model is needed to study the oncogenic potential of these differentiated cells. Further, we report that the expression of HLA-G and PD-L1 is dependent on the cell cycle phase. The cancer cells, if blocked in mitotic phase express high levels of HLA-G and PD-L1, while lowest expression was observed in G1-phase. Therefore, we suggest avoiding the use of mitotic inhibitors as it may increase the immune suppression of cancer. Moreover, as Ki-67 is directly related to the mitotic index, we suggest developing a Ki-67 scale to evaluate the immune-suppressive profile of cancer patients
Denizot, Mélanie. "CXCR4 au centre de deux réponses cellulaires contradictoires : rôle dans l'activation cellulaire après liaison de CXCL12 et implication dans la mort des cellules T CD4 non infectées après liaison des glycoprotéines d'enveloppe du VIH-1." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T008.
Full textMichonneau, David. "Compartimentalisation anatomique de l'activité cytotoxique des lymphocytes T du donneur après allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC184.
Full textAllogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important treatment of human malignancies, where donor T cells are responsible for mediating the anti-tumor effect called Graft versus Leukemia (GVL) effect. However, donor T cells are also responsible for the Graft versus Host disease (GVHD) when they recognize alloantigens on healthy recipient cells. In HLA-matched allo-HSCT, both GVL and GVHD are mediated by minor histocompatibility antigen (miHAg) recognition by donor T cells. Whereas miHAg are broadly expressed in most tissues, GVHD mainly affects liver, gut and skin. However, it is still not fully understood if cytotoxic activity of donor CTLs and their ability to mediate GVL is a homogeneous process, especially in organs not targeted by GVHD. The aim of this project was to understand the mechanisms underlying the anatomical features of GVHD and GVL. To achieve this, we used functional assays and in vivo imaging to measure the cytotoxic activity of donor CTLs in different organs after a miHAg-mismatched allo-HSCT. We demonstrated that in vivo cytotoxic activity of donor CTLs directed against a hematological target is strikingly compartmentalized between organs. This segregation was dictated, at least partially, by differential expression of PD-1 ligands in distinct organ microenvironments, and was characterized by a decreased sensitivity of CTLs to antigen. Finally, we showed that compartmentalization of CTLs killing activity enhanced formation of niches for tumor relapses after allo-HSCT, which can be partially reversed by anti-PD-1 treatment. This represents an important novel insight for treatment of relapse after allo-HSCT
Dercle, Laurent. "Radiomics : Artificial Intelligence Driven Extraction of Information from Medical Images to Guide Clinical Decision in Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS435.
Full textImmunotherapies targeting the programmed cell death receptor-1 and ligand-1 pathways (anti-PD(L)1) have emerged as an effective treatment for a variety of cancers. Anti-PD(L)1 is a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancers since its activity relies on restoring an efficient anti-tumor T-cell response. Two main reasons explain the need to investigate biomarkers forecasting survival and predicting the anti-cancer efficacy of anti-PD(L)1. First, an excess of death has been observed in the experimental arm of randomized phase III trials comparing anti-PD(L)1 immunotherapies to chemotherapy for multiple cancers. Among the controversial hypotheses that would explain this observation are frequently mentioned the lack of effectiveness of anti-PD(L)1 in patients with a fast-growing disease (so-called "fast progressors") vs. a paradoxical effect of disease acceleration under immunotherapy (so-called "hyperprogressors"). Second, imaging response criteria play a pivotal role in guiding cancer patient management and define a "wait and see strategy" for patients treated with anti-PD(L)1 in monotherapy with progressive disease. The distinct mechanisms of anti-PD(L)1, which restore the immune system's anti-tumor capacity, leads to unconventional immune-related phenomena. From a medical imaging standpoint, it translates into pseudoprogression, hyperprogression, abscopal effect, and immune-related adverse events. We leveraged machine learning approaches to challenge the prognostic/predictive factors and identify which imaging biomarkers are associated with early death upon anti-PD(L)1 immunotherapy. We mined transcriptomic data to determine the biological pathways related to these prognostic/predictive factors. Our results demonstrate that a limited subset of imaging biomarkers can forecast overall survival. The classification of these imaging biomarkers into distinct hallmarks provides a conceptual structure and logical coherence delineating the interconnections between them. These hallmarks can be understood as distinct physiological circuits disrupted by cancer that are linked to shorter survival: liver organotropism, high tumor burden, high heterogeneity in tumor vascularity or metabolism, infiltration along tumor boundaries, irregularity in tumor shape, high glucose consumption, sarcopenia, and high bone marrow metabolism. Using machine-learning, we demonstrated that increased baseline serum lactate dehydrogenase and the presence of liver metastasis on CT-scan are two independent drivers of premature death after anti-PD(L)1 initiation. Transcriptomic analysis identified actionable pathways amenable to novel treatments, which could improve anti-PD(L)1 efficacy. From a broader perspective, this demonstrates the need to continue to develop advanced imaging technology to enhance the monitoring of cancer patients treated with immunotherapeutics. This involves analyzing and linking data in pathology, oncology, and radiology, and the ability to work with extensive datasets. Therefore, there is a need to develop comprehensive programs of radiomics for predictive tools that benefit diagnosis, assessment, and management of all types of cancer patients. In conclusion, radiomics driven precision medicine approaches could improve the lives of cancer patients treated with cancer immunotherapy
Desbois, Melanie. "Étude d’un nouvel agent immuno-modulateur sushi-IL-15Rα/IL-15, le RLI : évaluation de son potentiel thérapeutique dans le traitement des cancers." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T030.
Full textIn cancer patients the immune system is compromised by the tumor and its microenvironment. In recent decades the role of the immune system in tumor control has been controversial, though today cancer treatments that modulate immunity are a reality. Immunotherapy is a unique therapy adding to pre-existing methods of cancer control: surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the 1990’s, high dosing of IL-2 was the first immunotherapy approved by the FDA to treat metastatic melanoma and renal carcinoma, however high toxicities and low responder rates have limited its clinical use. IL-15 is another promising cytokine therapy. The similar properties with IL-2 and differences in terms of toxicities and Treg induction make IL-15 an attractive potential therapy. Nonetheless, the short half-life and intermediate affinity for its receptor βγ compromise its efficacy. Different strategies have been developed to facilitate IL-15 therapeutic bioactivity. IL-15Rα as a chaperon molecule allows stability of IL-15 in vivo. RLI is a fusion molecule that covalently links sushi+IL-15Rα, the binding domain of its high affinity receptor and a recombinant human IL-15. We have studied the therapeutic potential of RLI in mouse tumor models. Our results show anti-tumor activities of RLI and synergistic combination with anti-PD-1, a monoclonal antibody
Raymond, Marc-André. "Implication de l'apoptose des cellules endothéliales dans la libération de nouveau(x) médiateur(s) soluble(s) actif(s) sur le microenvironnemnt vasculaire." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14657.
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