Relevant bibliographies by topics / Protein fouling

Academic literature on the topic 'Protein fouling'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Protein fouling"

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Peiris, R. H., H. Budman, R. L. Legge, and C. Moresoli. "Assessing irreversible fouling behavior of membrane foulants in the ultrafiltration of natural water using principal component analysis of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices." Water Supply 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.025.

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Natural river water is comprised of different foulant components such as natural organic matter and colloidal/particulate matter. Both individual and combined contributions of these foulant components results in different fouling behaviour. The ability to characterize these contributions that lead to reversible and irreversible membrane fouling would be beneficial for the implementation of fouling monitoring and control strategies for membrane-based drinking water treatment operations. A fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and principal component analysis-based approach was able to qualitatively estimate the accumulation of humic substances (HS)-, protein- and colloidal/particulate matter-like foulant components in membranes during the ultrafiltration (UF) of natural river water. A bench-scale flat sheet UF cross-flow set-up and successive permeation and membrane backwashing cycles were used. Analysis of the accumulation of these foulant components revealed that the increased levels of colloidal/particulate matter accumulation in the membranes appeared to have increased the extent of irreversible fouling by HS-like matter whereas lower irreversible fouling by protein-like matter was observed with increased colloidal/particulate matter accumulation. The results also indicate that the combined contributions by these foulants are important in the fouling of membranes during the UF of river water.
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Yan, Linlin, Ruixue Li, Yu Song, Yanping Jia, Zheng Li, Lianfa Song, and Haifeng Zhang. "Characterization of the Fouling Layer on the Membrane Surface in a Membrane Bioreactor: Evolution of the Foulants’ Composition and Aggregation Ability." Membranes 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070085.

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In this study, the characteristics of membrane foulants were analyzed with regard to morphology, composition, and aggregation ability during the three stages of transmembrane pressure (TMP) development (fast–slow–fast rise in TMP) in a steady operational membrane bioreactor (MBR). The results obtained show that the fouling layer at the slow TMP-increase stage possessed a higher average roughness (71.27 nm) and increased fractal dimension (2.33), which resulted in a low membrane fouling rate (0.87 kPa/d). A higher extracellular DNA (eDNA) proportion (26.12%) in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) resulted in both higher zeta potential (-23.3 mV) and higher hydrophobicity (82.3%) for initial foulants, which induced and increased the protein proportion in the subsequent fouling layer (74.11%). Furthermore, the main composition of the EPS shifted from protein toward polysaccharide dominance in the final fouling layer. The aggregation test confirmed that eDNA was essential for foulant aggregation in the initial fouling layer, whereas ion interaction significantly affected foulant aggregation in the final fouling layer.
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Chen, Yian, Montserrat Rovira-Bru, Francesc Giralt, and Yoram Cohen. "Hydraulic Resistance and Protein Fouling Resistance of a Zirconia Membrane with a Tethered PVP Layer." Water 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070951.

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The influence of surface modification of zirconia (ZrO2) membrane with tethered poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) chains was evaluated with respect to the impact of pH and ionic strength on hydraulic resistance and fouling resistance in the filtration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (Lys) as model protein foulants. The tethered PVP surface layer led to membrane permeability and fouling propensity that were responsive to both pH and ionic strength. The PVP-modified membrane (PVP-ZrO2) hydraulic resistance increased by up to ~48% over a pH range of 6–11, but with no discernible impact at lower pH. Membrane hydraulic resistance was virtually unaffected by ionic strength over the 0.001–1 M range. However, reversible foulant cake resistance in BSA and Lys solution filtration increased with elevated ionic strength, owing in part to the weakening of protein–protein repulsion. Irreversible BSA and Lys fouling was affected by the operational pH relative to the protein isoelectric point (IEP) and reduced under conditions of chain swelling. Irreversible membrane fouling resistance for both proteins was significantly lower, by ~11–49% and 18–74%, respectively, for the PVP-ZrO2 membrane relative to the unmodified ZrO2 membrane. The present results suggest the merit of further exploration of fouling reduction and improvement of membrane cleaning effectiveness via tuning pH and ionic strength triggered conformational responsiveness of the tethered target polymer layer.
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Sun, Chunyi, Na Zhang, Fazhan Li, Guoyi Ke, Lianfa Song, Xiaoqian Liu, and Shuang Liang. "Quantitative Analysis of Membrane Fouling Mechanisms Involved in Microfiltration of Humic Acid–Protein Mixtures at Different Solution Conditions." Water 10, no. 10 (September 22, 2018): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101306.

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A systematical quantitative understanding of different mechanisms, though of fundamental importance for better fouling control, is still unavailable for the microfiltration (MF) of humic acid (HA) and protein mixtures. Based on extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (xDLVO) theory, the major fouling mechanisms, i.e., Lifshitz–van der Waals (LW), electrostatic (EL), and acid–base (AB) interactions, were for the first time quantitatively analyzed for model HA–bovine serum albumin (BSA) mixtures at different solution conditions. Results indicated that the pH, ionic strength, and calcium ion concentration of the solution significantly affected the physicochemical properties and the interaction energy between the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and HA–BSA mixtures. The free energy of cohesion of the HA–BSA mixtures was minimum at pH = 3.0, ionic strength = 100 mM, and c(Ca2+) = 1.0 mM. The AB interaction energy was a key contributor to the total interaction energy when the separation distance between the membrane surface and HA–BSA mixtures was less than 3 nm, while the influence of EL interaction energy was of less importance to the total interaction energy. The attractive interaction energies of membrane–foulant and foulant–foulant increased at low pH, high ionic strength, and calcium ion concentration, thus aggravating membrane fouling, which was supported by the fouling experimental results. The obtained findings would provide valuable insights for the quantitative understanding of membrane fouling mechanisms of mixed organics during MF.
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Miyoshi, Taro, Yuhei Nagai, Tomoyasu Aizawa, Katsuki Kimura, and Yoshimasa Watanabe. "Proteins causing membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 6 (June 2, 2015): 844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.282.

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In this study, the details of proteins causing membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating real municipal wastewater were investigated. Two separate pilot-scale MBRs were continuously operated under significantly different operating conditions; one MBR was a submerged type whereas the other was a side-stream type. The submerged and side-stream MBRs were operated for 20 and 10 days, respectively. At the end of continuous operation, the foulants were extracted from the fouled membranes. The proteins contained in the extracted foulants were enriched by using the combination of crude concentration with an ultrafiltration membrane and trichloroacetic acid precipitation, and then separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). The N-terminal amino acid sequencing analysis of the proteins which formed intensive spots on the 2D-PAGE gels allowed us to partially identify one protein (OmpA family protein originated from genus Brevundimonas or Riemerella anatipestifer) from the foulant obtained from the submerged MBR, and two proteins (OprD and OprF originated from genus Pseudomonas) from that obtained from the side-stream MBR. Despite the significant difference in operating conditions of the two MBRs, all proteins identified in this study belong to β-barrel protein. These findings strongly suggest the importance of β-barrel proteins in developing membrane fouling in MBRs.
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Scudeller, Luisa A., Pascal Blanpain-Avet, Thierry Six, Séverine Bellayer, Maude Jimenez, Thomas Croguennec, Christophe André, and Guillaume Delaplace. "Calcium Chelation by Phosphate Ions and Its Influence on Fouling Mechanisms of Whey Protein Solutions in a Plate Heat Exchanger." Foods 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020259.

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Fouling of plate heat exchangers (PHEs) is a recurring problem when pasteurizing whey protein solutions. As Ca2+ is involved in denaturation/aggregation mechanisms of whey proteins, the use of calcium chelators seems to be a way to reduce the fouling of PHEs. Unfortunately, in depth studies investigating the changes of the whey protein fouling mechanism in the presence of calcium chelators are scarce. To improve our knowledge, reconstituted whey protein isolate (WPI) solutions were prepared with increasing amounts of phosphate, expressed in phosphorus (P). The fouling experiments were performed on a pilot-scale PHE, while monitoring the evolution of the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient. The final deposit mass distribution and structure of the fouling layers were investigated, as well as the whey protein denaturation kinetics. Results suggest the existence of two different fouling mechanisms taking place, depending on the added P concentration in WPI solutions. For added P concentrations lower or equal to 20 mg/L, a spongy fouling layer consists of unfolded protein strands bound by available Ca2+. When the added P concentration is higher than 20 mg/L, a heterogeneously distributed fouling layer formed of calcium phosphate clusters covered by proteins in an arborescence structure is observed.
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Buchori, Luqman, Heru Susanto, and Budiyono Budiyono. "SINTESIS MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI NON FOULING UNTUK APLIKASI PEMPROSESAN BAHAN PANGAN." Reaktor 13, no. 1 (February 3, 2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.13.1.10-15.

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Membran ultrafiltrasi (UF) telah terbukti sebagai proses yang menjanjikan untuk aplikasi di bidang pemprosesan bahan pangan. Namun, peristiwa fouling dapat menurunkan kinerja membran secara signifikan. Meskipun banyak metode pengendalian fouling telah diusulkan, dalam banyak kasus kinerja proses sangat dipengaruhi oleh membran sebagai jantung dari proses. Dalam makalah ini pengendalian fouling dilakukan dengan memodifikasi permukaan membran dengan teknik kopolimerisasi foto-grafting. Acrylic acid (AA), acrylamido methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), dan N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-(3sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine sebagai senyawa zwitterion (ZI) digunakan sebagai monomer fungsional. Pengaruh waktu iradiasi terhadap efektifitas modifikasi telah diamati. Kinerja membran hasil modifikasi kemudian diuji dengan menggunakan berbagai model larutan foulant yang meliputi larutan protein, larutan polisakarida dan larutan polifenol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat non fouling membran sangat jelas dapat ditingkatkan baik dengan PEGMA maupun dengan ZI. Secara umum, modifikasi menggunakan PEGMA menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik. Larutan polifenol menunjukkan karakter foulant yang paling kuat diantara model foulant.
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Berg, Thilo H. A., Jes C. Knudsen, Richard Ipsen, Frans van den Berg, Hans H. Holst, and Alexander Tolkach. "Investigation of Consecutive Fouling and Cleaning Cycles of Ultrafiltration Membranes Used for Whey Processing." International Journal of Food Engineering 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0028.

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Abstract Development of resistance during multiple foulings and three-step Cleaning-In-Place (CIP) operations, simulating an industrial cleaning regime of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes, was investigated. The study explored how trans-membrane pressure (150 and 300 kPa) and feed protein concentration (0.9 and 10%) influenced resistance reduction during filtration and flux recovery by the cleaning procedures. New membranes, pre-cleaned with a full CIP cycle, were used for each experiment. Subsequent fouling (simulating production) and CIP were done three times in a row and the development of fouling layer resistance was monitored and evaluated. Results show that filtration performance decreased during the first days of usage, possibly related to build-up of internal fouling. Cleaning success based on flux recovery was negatively influenced by a high protein concentration in the feed, but independent of the trans-membrane pressure during filtration.
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Peiris, R. H., M. Jaklewicz, H. Budman, R. L. Legge, and C. Moresoli. "Characterization of hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling species in ultrafiltration drinking water treatment systems using fluorescence EEM and LC–OCD measurements." Water Supply 13, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): 1220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.130.

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The application of the fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) approach and liquid chromatography–organic carbon detection (LC–OCD) analysis for the characterization of hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling species, extracted from hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membranes used in drinking water treatment, was demonstrated. Hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling species were extracted from two pilot UF membrane systems operated in parallel with lake water as the feed. Two membrane cleaning protocols, hydraulic- and chemical-based (NaOCl and citric acid) cleaning, were considered. Colloidal/particulate matter together with protein-like and metal species in water appeared to contribute to the formation of a hydraulically removable fouling layer on the membranes. Hydraulically irreversible fouling, in contrast, was impacted considerably by humic substances (HS) and protein-like matter. The formation of an irreversible fouling layer was also likely influenced by interactions between the colloidal/particulate matter and metal species together with HS and protein-like matter. LC–OCD analysis revealed the presence of predominant levels of lower molecular weight HS-like matter – compared to the HS-like matter commonly present in lake water – in the citric acid extracted foulant fraction. The permeability loss due to hydraulically irreversible UF fouling was considerably greater than the permeability loss due to hydraulically reversible UF fouling. A permanent permeability loss (∼25–35% of the initial permeability) was present even after the application of considerably strong chemical cleaning protocols on both pilot systems. This study indicated that the fluorescence EEM approach can be applied for monitoring and characterization of membrane cleaning procedures and as a potential diagnostic tool for assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic- and chemical-based cleaning protocols employed in UF drinking water treatment operations using rapid off-line measurements. On the other hand, since the LC–OCD analysis technique is a comparatively time consuming method, it may be used for verification of the fluorescence EEM-based results of the foulant fractions.
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Chaipetch, Wiparat, Arisa Jaiyu, Panitan Jutaporn, Marc Heran, and Watsa Khongnakorn. "Fouling Behavior in a High-Rate Anaerobic Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment." Membranes 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11090649.

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The characteristics of foulant in the cake layer and bulk suspended solids of a 10 L submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) used for treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) were investigated in this study. Three different organic loading rates (OLRs) were applied with prolonged sludge retention time throughout a long operation time (270 days). The organic foulant was characterized by biomass concentration and concentration of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The thicknesses of the cake layer and foulant were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The membrane morphology and inorganic elements were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Roughness of membrane was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the formation and accumulation of protein EPS in the cake layer was the key contributor to most of the fouling. The transmembrane pressure evolution showed that attachment, adsorption, and entrapment of protein EPS occurred in the membrane pores. In addition, the hydrophilic charge of proteins and polysaccharides influenced the adsorption mechanism. The composition of the feed (including hydroxyl group and fatty acid compounds) and microbial metabolic products (protein) significantly affected membrane fouling in the high-rate operation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protein fouling"

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Alharthi, Majed. "Fouling and cleaning studies of protein fouling at pasteurisation temperatures." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4892/.

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Fouling and cleaning processes impact industrial production, in terms of economics, product quality, product safety, and plant efficiency. Therefore, optimisation of fouling and cleaning processes is a significant issue, and needs a good understanding of fouling and cleaning kinetics. Ideal monitors should determine the right time when a process run should stop and when a plant will be clean in order to improve the process efficiency. This thesis investigated the fouling and cleaning behaviour of dairy fluids in a plate heat exchanger (PHE) and bench scale fouling rig, using whey protein concentrate (WPC) and WPC-/m (with added minerals) as fluid models. Fouling and cleaning monitoring methods were also investigated as new ways to operate and control the processes. Experiments displayed that fouling increased with increasing protein concentration up to a limit of approx. β-Lg 0.3 wt. %. Increasing the flow rate from 100 to 150 l/h decreased the Δ(ΔP) fouling rate for β-Lg concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5wt.% by 34, 70 and 72.7%, respectively, due to the increasing of shear stresses at the heat transfer surface. Adding minerals to WPC has lowered the temperature at which β-Lg begins to denature. The differences in fouling behaviour of WPC and WPCm had an effect on cleaning behaviour. Increasing the mineral content in WPC deposits leads to cleaning behaviour which differs completely from that of proteinaceous deposit as no pressure peak is observed.
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Gotham, Simon Martyn. "Mechanisms of protein fouling of heat exchangers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357741.

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Chan, Robert Chemical Engineering &amp Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "Fouling mechanisms in the membrane filtration of single and binary protein solutions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18832.

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In this study the fouling mechanisms of various microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes were studied when subjected to crossflow filtration using various protein solutions. Experimentation was carried out using controlled flux experiments and fouling phenomena was investigated via the monitoring of the transmembrane pressure (TMP) and rejection. Electron microscopy was employed to study fouling on microfiltration membranes when single protein solutions were filtered while a novel method involving Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) was developed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse mixed proteins fouled on ultrafiltration membranes. An apparent critical flux was identified whereby fouling was shown to occur at fluxes where there was no increase in TMP. TMP increase is one of the common indicators of fouling in controlled flux operation. Microfiltration experiments showed that the imposition of the apparent critical flux is accompanied by rapid increases in hydraulic resistance and the membrane wall concentration. Pore blockage and narrowing occurred at somewhat higher fluxes as indicated by increases in the observed rejection. Fouling was not influenced greatly by the addition of electrolytes for microfiltration membranes but observed transmissions were found to be greater than 100% when ultrafiltration membranes were employed. For all membranes used, the actual value of the apparent critical flux was shown to be independent of the salt concentration but dependent on pH. Sub apparent-critical constant flux microfiltration showed the existence of an aggregation/deposition time lag after which the membrane experiences a rapid increase in resistance due to protein aggregates blocking a majority of pores. This phenomenon was shown to be dependent on pH and ionic strength and was concluded to be the product of a balance between electrostatic, solubility and hydrophobic interactions.
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Huang, Yunqi. "Design and Evaluation of a Laboratory-Scale System for Investigation of Fouling during Thermal Processing Operation." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1494245242027853.

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Prodan, Bjorg Noah Radu. "Modifying Membrane Surfaces via Self-Assembled Monolayers to Reduce Protein Fouling." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1091133289.

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RAJAM, SRIDHAR. "TWO SURFACE MODIFICATION METHODS TO REDUCE PROTEIN FOULING IN MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1172005034.

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Rose, Ian C. "Model investigation of initial fouling rates of protein solutions in heat transfer equipment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0026/NQ38965.pdf.

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Hamilton-Brown, Paul Optometry &amp Vision Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "A surface forces and protein adsorption study of grafted PEO layers." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Optometry and Vision Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25541.

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A combination of surface analytical techniques, colloid probe Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to optimise the grafting density of covalently attached 5, 20 and 40 kDa methoxy-terminated PEO layers (under marginal solvation (cloud point) conditions for the PEO molecules). The combination of these techniques allowed us to relate the PEO layer density and molecular conformations to the range, magnitude and types of forces generated by coatings of various grafting densities. The key optimisation parameter was the grafting time with the concentration of PEO in solution having a weaker effect. Oxidation of the substrate occurred, but did not significantly limit the surface density of the functional groups used to chemically attach the PEO molecules. Interactions between the substrate and silica were electrostatic in origin and did not contribute to the interaction between silica and the PEO surfaces due to salt screening effects Surfaces with dense, highly stretched PEO layers (brushes) generated purely repulsive forces at all separation distances, arising from compression by the silica spherical probe used. The force profiles for lower density surfaces comprised long-ranged attractive and short-ranged repulsive forces. The attractive forces were most likely due to attractive bridging interactions between the PEO chains and the SiO2 surface. For low grafting densities, i.e. inter-chain grafting distances, s > ??RF, the PEO layers were not strongly stretched and free to adsorb onto the opposing silica surface. XPS analysis demonstrated that HSA and Fibrinogen adsorbed onto low density 20 kDa PEO coatings (s > ??RF), most likely via diffusion through the PEO layer. No protein adsorption was found (detection limit > 10 ng/cm2) on high density, ???strongly stretched brush??? coatings (s < ?? RF). Analysis of data from the more sensitive Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) techniques indicated that low amounts of adsorbed HSA, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and IgG were present on high density 20 and 40 kDa surfaces; the most likely explanation being attractive interactions between the proteins and the PEO layers during the protein adsorption experiments. ToF-SIMS data obtained for the strongly stretched (s < ?? RF) 5 kDa PEO surfaces suggested that no protein was adsorbed, in line with the XPS data for the same surfaces.
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Magens, Ole Mathis. "Mitigating fouling of heat exchangers with fluoropolymer coatings." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287467.

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Fouling is a chronic problem in many heat transfer systems and results in the need for frequent heat exchanger (HEX) cleaning. In the dairy industry, the associated operating cost and environmental impact are substantial. Antifouling coatings are one mitigation option. In this work, the fouling behaviour of fluoropolymer, polypropylene and stainless steel heat transfer surfaces in processing raw milk and whey protein solution are studied. Methodologies to assess the economics of antifouling coatings are developed and applied. Two experimental apparatuses were designed and constructed to study fouling at surface temperatures around 90 °C. A microfluidic system with a 650 x 2000 µm flow channel enables fouling studies to be carried out by recirculating 2 l of raw milk. The apparatus operates in the laminar flow regime and the capability to probe the local composition of delicate fouling deposit $\textit{in-situ}$ with histological techniques employing confocal laser scanning microscopy. A larger bench-scale apparatus with a 10 x 42 mm flow channel was built to recirculate 17 l of solution in the turbulent flow regime which is more representative of conditions in an industrial plate HEX. Experimental results demonstrate that fluoropolymer coatings can reduce fouling masses from raw milk and whey protein solution by up to 50 %. Surface properties affect the structure and composition of the deposit. At the interface with apolar surfaces raw milk fouling layers are high in protein, whereas a strongly attached mineral-rich layer is present at the interface with steel. Whey protein deposits generated on apolar surfaces are more spongy and have a lower thermal conductivity and/or density than deposits on steel. The attraction of denatured protein towards apolar surfaces and the formation of a calcium phosphate layer on steel at later stages of fouling are explained with arguments based on the interfacial free energy of these materials in water. The financial attractiveness of coatings is considered for HEX subject to linearly and asymptotically increasing fouling resistance and using a spatially resolved fouling model. An explicit solution to the cleaning-scheduling problem is presented for the case of equal heat capacity flow rates in a counter-current HEX. Scenarios where the use of coatings may be attractive or where there is no financial benefit in cleaning a fouled exchanger are identified. Finally, experimental data are used to estimate the economic potential of fluoropolymer coated HEXs in the ultra-high-temperature treatment of milk. In the considered case, the value of a fluoropolymer coating inferred from the reduction in fouling is estimated to be around 2000 US$/m².
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Suwal, Shyam, and Shyam Suwal. "Fractionation of Peptides from Protein Hydrolysate by Electrodialysis with Filtration Membrane : process optimization, Fouling characterization and Control mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26619.

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Des peptides bioactifs ont déjà été fractionnés par électrodialyse avec membrane de filtration (ÉDMF) à partir d’hydrolysats de sous-produits de crabe des neiges. L’optimisation des paramètres apparaît maintenant indispensable pour perfectionner le procédé. Ainsi, le taux de migration des peptides, leur sélectivité et l'évolution des paramètres électrodialytiques ont été étudiés pour différents paramètres (configuration, concentration en KCl et types de champ électrique). La configuration (2) de la cellule d’ÉDMF comprenant deux compartiments d'alimentation et un compartiment de récupération a démontré des valeurs de champ électrique local relativement stables par rapport à la configuration (1) constituée d’un compartiment d’alimentation et de deux compartiments de récupération. Des peptides contenant des glutamates, des aspartates, et des glycines ont été séparés avec la configuration 1 et des peptides composés d’arginines et de lysines avec la configuration 2. Un taux de migration peptidique de 13,76 ± 3,64 g/m2h a été obtenu par le maintien constant de la conductivité des solutions. La sélectivité a été accrue en augmentant la concentration en KCl de 1 à 5 g/L dans le compartiment de récupération. Une augmentation de la force ionique a amplifié la charge de surface, agrandissant ainsi la taille effective des pores et réduisant la couche d'hydratation de la membrane d’ultrafiltration. Toutefois, les membranes échangeuses d’anions et de cations ont été colmatées par des peptides et des acides aminés et détériorées pendant l’ÉDMF. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, l’effet de l’application du champ électrique pulsé (PEF) et de l'inversion de polarité (PR) a été étudié. Le taux de migration des peptides n'a pas été affecté sauf avec PR à 40 V. La sélectivité a été maximale avec PEF à 20 V. La dissociation de l'eau a été réduite tout en conservant les propriétés physico-chimiques des membranes grâce à l’application du PEF et de la PR par rapport au courant continu (DC). En outre, la plus faible quantité d'énergie a été consommée avec le PEF. Par conséquent, il a été possible d’optimiser la technologie d’ÉDMF du point de vue de l’efficacité énergétique, de la sélectivité peptidique et de l’encrassement membranaire grâce à l’application du PEF et tout en maintenant la conductivité électrique des solutions.
Des peptides bioactifs ont déjà été fractionnés par électrodialyse avec membrane de filtration (ÉDMF) à partir d’hydrolysats de sous-produits de crabe des neiges. L’optimisation des paramètres apparaît maintenant indispensable pour perfectionner le procédé. Ainsi, le taux de migration des peptides, leur sélectivité et l'évolution des paramètres électrodialytiques ont été étudiés pour différents paramètres (configuration, concentration en KCl et types de champ électrique). La configuration (2) de la cellule d’ÉDMF comprenant deux compartiments d'alimentation et un compartiment de récupération a démontré des valeurs de champ électrique local relativement stables par rapport à la configuration (1) constituée d’un compartiment d’alimentation et de deux compartiments de récupération. Des peptides contenant des glutamates, des aspartates, et des glycines ont été séparés avec la configuration 1 et des peptides composés d’arginines et de lysines avec la configuration 2. Un taux de migration peptidique de 13,76 ± 3,64 g/m2h a été obtenu par le maintien constant de la conductivité des solutions. La sélectivité a été accrue en augmentant la concentration en KCl de 1 à 5 g/L dans le compartiment de récupération. Une augmentation de la force ionique a amplifié la charge de surface, agrandissant ainsi la taille effective des pores et réduisant la couche d'hydratation de la membrane d’ultrafiltration. Toutefois, les membranes échangeuses d’anions et de cations ont été colmatées par des peptides et des acides aminés et détériorées pendant l’ÉDMF. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, l’effet de l’application du champ électrique pulsé (PEF) et de l'inversion de polarité (PR) a été étudié. Le taux de migration des peptides n'a pas été affecté sauf avec PR à 40 V. La sélectivité a été maximale avec PEF à 20 V. La dissociation de l'eau a été réduite tout en conservant les propriétés physico-chimiques des membranes grâce à l’application du PEF et de la PR par rapport au courant continu (DC). En outre, la plus faible quantité d'énergie a été consommée avec le PEF. Par conséquent, il a été possible d’optimiser la technologie d’ÉDMF du point de vue de l’efficacité énergétique, de la sélectivité peptidique et de l’encrassement membranaire grâce à l’application du PEF et tout en maintenant la conductivité électrique des solutions.
Bioactive peptides were efficiently separated by using electrodialysis with filtration membrane (EDFM) from snow crab byproduct hydrolysate. Meanwhile, optimization of parameters is indispensable for scaling-up. The peptide migration rate and selectivity as well as evolution of electrodialytic parameters were studied with different parameters such as EDFM cell configuration, KCl concentration and type of electric field. The EDFM stack with two feed and one recovery compartments (configuration 2) has relatively stable electric field strengths (local) than the configuration with one feed and two recovery compartments (configuration 1). Peptides containing anionic amino acids: glutamic and aspartic acid as well as glycine and cationic amino acids: arginine and lysine were fractionated using configuration 1 and 2, respectively. Maintenance of solution conductivity upheld the local electric field and peptide migration throughout the treatment resulting in a higher peptide migration rate of 13.76±3.64 g/m2.h never observed so far. The selectivity of cationic peptides containing arginine and lysine increased significantly with increase in KCl concentration from 1 to 5 g/L. An increase in ionic strength amplified the surface charge density of filtration membrane subsequently increasing effective pore size and reducing hydration layer. However, both anion- and cation-exchange membranes were fouled by peptides and amino acids and were deteriorated during EDFM treatment. To address these problems, the effect of applying pulsed electric field (PEF) and polarity reversal (PR) was studied. The peptide migration rate was unaffected among PEF, PR and DC modes except with PR at 40 V. The selectivity of cationic peptides was maximum with PEF at 20 V. Fouling and water dissociation were significantly reduced and physicochemical properties of IEMs were better-protected with PEF and PR than DC. Moreover, the least amount of energy was consumed with PEF mode. Therefore, the parameters affecting EDFM process were optimized in terms of energy efficiency, selectivity and lower deterioration of membranes by applying PEF regime with configuration 2 and maintaining the constant electrical conductivity of solutions.
Bioactive peptides were efficiently separated by using electrodialysis with filtration membrane (EDFM) from snow crab byproduct hydrolysate. Meanwhile, optimization of parameters is indispensable for scaling-up. The peptide migration rate and selectivity as well as evolution of electrodialytic parameters were studied with different parameters such as EDFM cell configuration, KCl concentration and type of electric field. The EDFM stack with two feed and one recovery compartments (configuration 2) has relatively stable electric field strengths (local) than the configuration with one feed and two recovery compartments (configuration 1). Peptides containing anionic amino acids: glutamic and aspartic acid as well as glycine and cationic amino acids: arginine and lysine were fractionated using configuration 1 and 2, respectively. Maintenance of solution conductivity upheld the local electric field and peptide migration throughout the treatment resulting in a higher peptide migration rate of 13.76±3.64 g/m2.h never observed so far. The selectivity of cationic peptides containing arginine and lysine increased significantly with increase in KCl concentration from 1 to 5 g/L. An increase in ionic strength amplified the surface charge density of filtration membrane subsequently increasing effective pore size and reducing hydration layer. However, both anion- and cation-exchange membranes were fouled by peptides and amino acids and were deteriorated during EDFM treatment. To address these problems, the effect of applying pulsed electric field (PEF) and polarity reversal (PR) was studied. The peptide migration rate was unaffected among PEF, PR and DC modes except with PR at 40 V. The selectivity of cationic peptides was maximum with PEF at 20 V. Fouling and water dissociation were significantly reduced and physicochemical properties of IEMs were better-protected with PEF and PR than DC. Moreover, the least amount of energy was consumed with PEF mode. Therefore, the parameters affecting EDFM process were optimized in terms of energy efficiency, selectivity and lower deterioration of membranes by applying PEF regime with configuration 2 and maintaining the constant electrical conductivity of solutions.
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Books on the topic "Protein fouling"

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Office, General Accounting. Drinking water: Stronger efforts needed to protect areas around public wells from contamination : report to the chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Protein fouling"

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Le-Clech, Pierre. "Protein Fouling." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1706-1.

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Le-Clech, Pierre. "Protein Fouling Mechanisms." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1707-1.

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Johansson, J., H. K. Yasuda, and R. K. Bajpai. "Fouling and Protein Adsorption." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 747–63. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1814-2_69.

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Fuller, K. L., and S. G. Roscoe. "Surface adsorption of dairy proteins: Fouling of model surfaces." In Protein Structure-Function Relationships in Foods, 143–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2670-4_7.

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Zydney, Andrew L. "Non-Specific Protein-Membrane Interactions: Adsorption and Fouling." In Biofunctional Membranes, 279–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2521-6_19.

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Reed, I. M., and J. M. Sheldon. "Investigation of Protein Fouling Characteristics of Ultrafiltration Membranes." In Effective Industrial Membrane Processes: Benefits and Opportunities, 91–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3682-2_6.

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Reed, I. M., and J. M. Sheldon. "Protein Fouling and its Implications for Selection for Ultrafiltration Membranes." In Separations for Biotechnology 2, 217–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0783-6_24.

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Benavente, Juana. "Use of Streaming Potential Measurements for Characterization of Both Membrane/Electrolyte Interface and Protein Fouling Effect." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_765-3.

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Benavente, Juana. "Use of Streaming Potential Measurements for Characterization of Both Membrane/Electrolyte Interface and Protein Fouling Effect." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1957–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_765.

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"Membrane Fouling." In Protein Bioseparation Using Ultrafiltration, 47–55. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781860949388_0005.

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Conference papers on the topic "Protein fouling"

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Agarwal, Ashutosh, Parag Katira, and Henry Hess. "Quantifying and understanding protein adsorption to non-fouling surfaces." In 2010 36th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2010.5458217.

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Smith, Karl J. P., Joshua Winans, and James McGrath. "Ultrathin Membrane Fouling Mechanism Transitions in Dead-End Filtration of Protein." In ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2016-7989.

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Ultrathin membranes will likely see great utility in future membrane-based separations, but key aspects of the performance of these membranes, especially when they are used to filter protein, remain poorly understood. In this work we perform protein filtrations using new nanoporous silicon nitride (NPN) membranes. Several concentrations of protein are filtered using dead end filtration in a benchtop centrifuge, and we track fouling based on the amount of filtrate passed over time. A modification of the classic fouling model that includes the effects of using a centrifuge and allow for the visualization of a transition between pore constriction and cake filtration demonstrate that for a range of protein concentrations, cake filtration supersedes pore constriction after ∼30 seconds at 690 g.
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Lee, Yi Jae, Jung Doo Kim, and Jae Yeong Park. "Nafion coated enzyme free glucose micro-biosensors for anti-fouling of protein." In 2009 4th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2009.5068590.

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Liu, Yanjun, Huiying Ma, Chunying Lv, Jia Yang, and Xueqi Fu. "Protein absorption and fouling on poly(acrylic acid)-graft-polypropylene microfiltration membrane." In Second International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering, edited by Jinsong Leng, Anand K. Asundi, and Wolfgang Ecke. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.840154.

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Huang, Guobang, Yi Chen, and Jin Zhang. "Nanocomposite coating produced by laser-assisted process to prevent bacterial contamination and protein fouling." In 2014 IEEE 14th International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2014.6967984.

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Ameli, Forough, Bahram Dabir, Farzin Zokaee Ashtiani, Mehdad Mozaffarian, and Kambiz Vafai. "Combined Models of Population Balance and Pore-Network to Explore the Mechanism of Protein Fouling in Porous Media." In POROUS MEDIA AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND INDUSTRY: 3rd International Conference. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3453812.

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Hsieh, Yi-Cheng, Huinan Liang, and Jeffrey D. Zahn. "Microdevices for Microdialysis and Membrane Separations." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55052.

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Microdialysis is a commonly used technique for separating small biomolecules within a complex biological mixture for continuous biochemical monitoring. Microdialysis is based upon controlling the mass transfer rate of small biomolecules diffusing across a semipermeable membrane into a dialysis fluid while excluding larger molecules such as proteins. These small molecules are subsequently sensed using a biosensor. Since many biosensors are extremely susceptible to fouling, their stability and lifetime can be extended if metabolites are filtered through a microdialysis membrane before the dialysis fluid is moved into the sensor. Dialysis is also used commonly in biological laboratories to desalt high ionic strength protein solutions. As biochemical analysis systems become more integrated for μTAS systems there is a need to automate this process. Thus, an on-chip dialysis system is useful for biochemical reaction engineering where very tight control of ionic conditions must be maintained for effective enzymatic activity. This work demonstrates the ability to integrate polymer microdialysis membranes with microfluidic systems. Microchannels are bonded with a regenerated cellulose membrane. After microchannels are produced using standard processing techniques, they are integrated with these membranes. The cellulose is activated in an oxygen plasma followed by a lamination bond to the microchannels at moderate pressure and elevated temperature. Devices were placed in a solution of rhodamine dye, and dialysis fluid was allowed to flow through the microchannels. The outlet dye concentration was measured by fluorescence intensity as a function of flow rate and follows analytically predicted results.
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Parsons, Edward L., Holmes A. Webb, and Charles M. Zeh. "Assessment of Hot Gas Cleanup Technologies in Coal-Fired Gas Turbines." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-111.

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This paper reviews the status of in situ gas stream cleanup technologies which are an integral part of the direct coal-fired gas turbine systems being developed through the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC). The technical discussion focuses on the proof-of-concept systems under development in the DOE/METC Advanced Coal-Fueled Gas Turbine Systems (ACFGTS) program initiated in 1986. In this program, Solar Turbines Inc., the Allison Gas Turbine Division of General Motors Corporation, and Westinghouse Electric Corporation have completed bench-scale tests of integrated combustion and hot gas cleanup systems in preparation for full-size subsystem tests. All these projects include the development of cleanup systems for contaminants resulting from the combustion of coal. These systems will both control emissions of pollutants and protect the turbine gas path from fouling, erosion, and corrosion. The bench-scale tests have demonstrated efficient combustion of coal-water slurries (CWS) and dry coal in high-pressure, short residence-time combustors. The tests have also yielded promising results in the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile alkali and in the removal of ash and sulfur species from the hot gas streams.
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Mody, Jaisen, Roman Saveliev, Ezra Bar-Ziv, and Miron Perelman. "Selection of Biomass Feedstock for Production of Biocoal for Coal-Fired Boilers." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32031.

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PGE in collaboration with EBC and MTU is carrying out a testing program to fire up to 100% of biocoal (torrefied biomass) in its 600 MW Boardman boiler. An important aspect of this program is the selection of suitable biomass feedstock from which biocoal will be produced, emphasizing potential problems of fouling and slagging in the boiler. We thoroughly tested seven different types of feedstock: Arundo Donax (AD), wheat waste, corn waste, woody hybrid poplar, and bark from hybrid poplar, woody pine, and bark from pine. It was found that all these material comprised significant amounts of soil (varying from 5–25% in weight) with low fusion temperatures and therefore must be avoided from flowing into the boiler. We developed a separation technology of the soil from the biomass and were able to obtain biomass feedstock only with the plant minerals. All separated biomass feedstock, from soil, showed mineral content that is respective to soil they grew at. Samples were characterized for ultimate and proximate analysis, ash content and analysis and fusion temperatures. AD, wheat, and corn showed high content of potassium and low flow temperatures and therefore may not be used at 100% firing test unless some of the mineral contents are removed to protect the boiler from corrosion and slagging. Woody and bark hybrid poplar were found to have high fusion temperatures; woody and bark pine showed flow temperatures around 2500°F. All four feedstock types can be used for 100% firing test, however, the ones which is mostly recommended are woody and bark hybrid poplar.
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Zhou, Dengji, Tingting Wei, Shixi Ma, Huisheng Zhang, Zhenhua Lu, and Shilie Weng. "A Whole Operation Life Cycle Model of Gas Turbine Blades Under Multi-Physics Based on Variation of Blade Profile Parameters." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87040.

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For long-term operation, blades start to show some defects with increasing operating hours, such as fouling, erosion, corrosion, damage and tip clearance. As the basic unit components of gas turbines, the health conditions of blades directly affect the energy conversation efficiency and service life of the whole equipment. The process from first installation to scrap is blades’ whole operation life cycle. It is an effective way to establish the whole operation life cycle model of blades for real-time monitoring, troubleshooting and prevention, so as to improve the management of equipment. The current research on the whole operation life cycle model is mostly limited to a single subject, such as thermal effects or stress effects. It lacks a profound analysis of this issue from the multi-disciplinary perspective. Meanwhile, the deterioration of blades influence on geometry variation of the blade surface is not taken into consideration in detail. Therefore, the current blade life model is not accurate enough to represent the actual situation. In this paper, the typical gas path deterioration is characterized by blade profile parameters, including the increment of the blade leading edge thickness, the increment of the blade trailing edge, and the change of the blade surface roughness in the whole operation life cycle model of blades. The influencing factors of aerodynamics and strain are synthetically characterized through the study of their multi-disciplinary influence mechanism. And the relationship between the corresponding influencing factors and the variation of blade profile parameters is established. Thus, the numerical simulation model under multi-physics is built to reveal its distribution and trends of the flow field and stress in the gas path. The result shows that it can protect the blades, ensure safe and stable operation, and reduce the deterioration rate.
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