Journal articles: 'Protein based delivery systems'

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Hong, Seyoung, Dong Wook Choi, Hong Nam Kim, Chun Gwon Park, Wonhwa Lee, and Hee Ho Park. "Protein-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12070604.

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Nanoparticles have been extensively used as carriers for the delivery of chemicals and biomolecular drugs, such as anticancer drugs and therapeutic proteins. Natural biomolecules, such as proteins, are an attractive alternative to synthetic polymers commonly used in nanoparticle formulation because of their safety. In general, protein nanoparticles offer many advantages, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, the preparation of protein nanoparticles and the corresponding encapsulation process involved mild conditions without the use of toxic chemicals or organic solvents. Protein nanoparticles can be generated using proteins, such as fibroins, albumin, gelatin, gliadine, legumin, 30Kc19, lipoprotein, and ferritin proteins, and are prepared through emulsion, electrospray, and desolvation methods. This review introduces the proteins used and methods used in generating protein nanoparticles and compares the corresponding advantages and disadvantages of each.

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Dahiya, Sunita, and Rajiv Dahiya. "BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT AND LIPID NANOCARRIER BASED DELIVERY OF PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS." Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 1-3 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/bpr.2020.10.3.

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Peptides and proteins are vital biomacromolecules that perform several bodily functions in various physiological and biological processes. Being biocompatible and biodegradable, these macromolecules are considered promising platforms for delivery of drugs and genes. However, peptides and proteins suffer from major limitations including enzymatic degradation, short circulation half-lives, and poor membrane permeability that leads to poor bioavailability, challenging their effective delivery. This article briefly discusses the inherent challenges in peptide and protein delivery along with strategies for bioavailability enhancement and lipid nanocarriers as prospective systems for peptide and protein drug delivery.

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Numata, Keiji, Balajikarthick Subramanian, Heather A. Currie, and David L. Kaplan. "Bioengineered silk protein-based gene delivery systems." Biomaterials 30, no. 29 (October 2009): 5775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.06.028.

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Chen, Yingzhi, Meng Zhang, Kyoung Ah Min, Huiyuan Wang, Meong Cheol Shin, Feng Li, Victor C. Yang, and Yongzhuo Huang. "Improved Protein Toxin Delivery Based on ATTEMPTS Systems." Current Drug Targets 19, no. 4 (February 19, 2018): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450118666170302094758.

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Chen, Lingyun, Gabriel E. Remondetto, and Muriel Subirade. "Food protein-based materials as nutraceutical delivery systems." Trends in Food Science & Technology 17, no. 5 (May 2006): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2005.12.011.

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Berillo, Dmitriy, Adilkhan Yeskendir, Zharylkasyn Zharkinbekov, Kamila Raziyeva, and Arman Saparov. "Peptide-Based Drug Delivery Systems." Medicina 57, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111209.

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Peptide-based drug delivery systems have many advantages when compared to synthetic systems in that they have better biocompatibility, biochemical and biophysical properties, lack of toxicity, controlled molecular weight via solid phase synthesis and purification. Lysosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, polymeric micelles can be applied by intravenous administration, however they are of artificial nature and thus may induce side effects and possess lack of ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. An analysis of nontoxic drug delivery systems and an establishment of prospective trends in the development of drug delivery systems was needed. This review paper summarizes data, mainly from the past 5 years, devoted to the use of peptide-based carriers for delivery of various toxic drugs, mostly anticancer or drugs with limiting bioavailability. Peptide-based drug delivery platforms are utilized as peptide–drug conjugates, injectable biodegradable particles and depots for delivering small molecule pharmaceutical substances (500 Da) and therapeutic proteins. Controlled drug delivery systems that can effectively deliver anticancer and peptide-based drugs leading to accelerated recovery without significant side effects are discussed. Moreover, cell penetrating peptides and their molecular mechanisms as targeting peptides, as well as stimuli responsive (enzyme-responsive and pH-responsive) peptides and peptide-based self-assembly scaffolds are also reviewed.

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Guan, Tongwei, Zhiheng Zhang, Xiaojing Li, Shaoning Cui, David Julian McClements, Xiaotian Wu, Long Chen, et al. "Preparation, Characteristics, and Advantages of Plant Protein-Based Bioactive Molecule Delivery Systems." Foods 11, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11111562.

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As a renewable resource, the market trend of plant protein has increased significantly in recent years. Compared with animal protein, plant protein production has strong sustainability factors and a lower environmental impact. Many bioactive substances have poor stability, and poor absorption effects limit their application in food. Plant protein-based carriers could improve the water solubility, stability, and bioavailability of bioactive substances by different types of delivery systems. In this review, we present a detailed and concise summary of the effects and advantages of various plant protein-based carriers in the encapsulation, protection, and delivery of bioactive substances. Furthermore, the research progress of food-grade bioactive ingredient delivery systems based on plant protein preparation in recent years is summarized, and some current challenges and future research priorities are highlighted. There are some key findings and conclusions: (i) plant proteins have numerous functions: as carriers for transportation systems, a shell or core of a system, or food ingredients; (ii) plant protein-based carriers could improve the water solubility, stability, and bioavailability of bioactive substances by different types of delivery systems; and (iii) plant protein-based carriers stabilize bioactive substances with potential applications in the food and nutrition fields.

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Amidi, Maryam, Enrico Mastrobattista, Wim Jiskoot, and Wim E. Hennink. "Chitosan-based delivery systems for protein therapeutics and antigens." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 62, no. 1 (January 2010): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.009.

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Chatterjee, Shayeri, Beduin Mahanti, Subhabrota Majumdar, and Rana Mazumder. "APPROACHES AND ROLE OF PROTEIN BASED NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW." Indian Research Journal of Pharmacy and Science 6, no. 2 (June 2019): 1879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/irjps.2019.6.2.8.

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Ittig, Simon J., Christoph Schmutz, Christoph A. Kasper, Marlise Amstutz, Alexander Schmidt, Loïc Sauteur, M. Alessandra Vigano, et al. "A bacterial type III secretion-based protein delivery tool for broad applications in cell biology." Journal of Cell Biology 211, no. 4 (November 23, 2015): 913–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201502074.

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Methods enabling the delivery of proteins into eukaryotic cells are essential to address protein functions. Here we propose broad applications to cell biology for a protein delivery tool based on bacterial type III secretion (T3S). We show that bacterial, viral, and human proteins, fused to the N-terminal fragment of the Yersinia enterocolitica T3S substrate YopE, are effectively delivered into target cells in a fast and controllable manner via the injectisome of extracellular bacteria. This method enables functional interaction studies by the simultaneous injection of multiple proteins and allows the targeting of proteins to different subcellular locations by use of nanobody-fusion proteins. After delivery, proteins can be freed from the YopE fragment by a T3S-translocated viral protease or fusion to ubiquitin and cleavage by endogenous ubiquitin proteases. Finally, we show that this delivery tool is suitable to inject proteins in living animals and combine it with phosphoproteomics to characterize the systems-level impact of proapoptotic human truncated BID on the cellular network.

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Begarani, Filippo, Domenico Cassano, Eleonora Margheritis, Roberto Marotta, Francesco Cardarelli, and Valerio Voliani. "Silica-Based Nanoparticles for Protein Encapsulation and Delivery." Nanomaterials 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8110886.

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Although conceptually obvious, the effective delivery of proteins in therapeutic applications is far from being a routine practice. The major limitation is the conservation of protein physicochemical identity during the transport to the target site. In this regard, nanoparticle-based systems offer new intriguing possibilities, provided that (i) the harsh and denaturating conditions typically used for nanoparticle synthesis are avoided or mitigated; and (ii) nanoparticle biocompatibility and degradation (for protein release) are optimized. Here, we tackle these issues by starting from a nanoparticle architecture already tested for small chemical compounds. In particular, silica-shielded liposomes are produced and loaded with a test protein (i.e., Green Fluorescent Protein) in an aqueous environment. We demonstrate promising results concerning protein encapsulation, protection during intracellular trafficking and final release triggered by nanoparticle degradations in acidic organelles. We believe this proof of principle may open new applications and developments for targeted and efficient protein delivery.

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Er, Simge, Ushna Laraib, Rabia Arshad, Saman Sargazi, Abbas Rahdar, Sadanand Pandey, Vijay Kumar Thakur, and Ana M. Díez-Pascual. "Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: Implications for Nanotechnological Applications in Biosensing and Drug/Gene Delivery." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11113002.

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Over various scientific fields in biochemistry, amino acids have been highlighted in research works. Protein, peptide- and amino acid-based drug delivery systems have proficiently transformed nanotechnology via immense flexibility in their features for attaching various drug molecules and biodegradable polymers. In this regard, novel nanostructures including carbon nanotubes, electrospun carbon nanofibers, gold nanoislands, and metal-based nanoparticles have been introduced as nanosensors for accurate detection of these organic compounds. These nanostructures can bind the biological receptor to the sensor surface and increase the surface area of the working electrode, significantly enhancing the biosensor performance. Interestingly, protein-based nanocarriers have also emerged as useful drug and gene delivery platforms. This is important since, despite recent advancements, there are still biological barriers and other obstacles limiting gene and drug delivery efficacy. Currently available strategies for gene therapy are not cost-effective, and they do not deliver the genetic cargo effectively to target sites. With rapid advancements in nanotechnology, novel gene delivery systems are introduced as nonviral vectors such as protein, peptide, and amino acid-based nanostructures. These nano-based delivery platforms can be tailored into functional transformation using proteins and peptides ligands based nanocarriers, usually overexpressed in the specified diseases. The purpose of this review is to shed light on traditional and nanotechnology-based methods to detect amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Furthermore, new insights into the potential of amino protein-based nanoassemblies for targeted drug delivery or gene transfer are presented.

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Wan, Zhi-Li, Jian Guo, and Xiao-Quan Yang. "Plant protein-based delivery systems for bioactive ingredients in foods." Food & Function 6, no. 9 (2015): 2876–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fo00050e.

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The application of food-grade delivery systems for the encapsulation, protection and controlled release of bioactive food ingredients have recently gained increasing interest in the research fields of functional foods and pharmaceutics. The preparation and application of bifunctional particles provide a novel perspective for the design of plant protein-based delivery system.

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Gomes, Andresa, and Paulo José do Amaral Sobral. "Plant Protein-Based Delivery Systems: An Emerging Approach for Increasing the Efficacy of Lipophilic Bioactive Compounds." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010060.

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The development of plant protein-based delivery systems to protect and control lipophilic bioactive compound delivery (such as vitamins, polyphenols, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids) has increased interest in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical fields. The quite significant ascension of plant proteins from legumes, oil/edible seeds, nuts, tuber, and cereals is motivated by their eco-friendly, sustainable, and healthy profile compared with other sources. However, many challenges need to be overcome before their widespread use as raw material for carriers. Thus, modification approaches have been used to improve their techno-functionality and address their limitations, aiming to produce a new generation of plant-based carriers (hydrogels, emulsions, self-assembled structures, films). This paper addresses the advantages and challenges of using plant proteins and the effects of modification methods on their nutritional quality, bioactivity, and techno-functionalities. Furthermore, we review the recent progress in designing plant protein-based delivery systems, their main applications as carriers for lipophilic bioactive compounds, and the contribution of protein-bioactive compound interactions to the dynamics and structure of delivery systems. Expressive advances have been made in the plant protein area; however, new extraction/purification technologies and protein sources need to be found Their functional properties must also be deeply studied for the rational development of effective delivery platforms.

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Rodríguez, Diego A., and Pieter Vader. "Extracellular Vesicle-Based Hybrid Systems for Advanced Drug Delivery." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (January 23, 2022): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020267.

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The continuous technological advancement of nanomedicine has enabled the development of novel vehicles for the effective delivery of therapeutic substances. Synthetic drug delivery systems are nano-sized carriers made from various materials that can be designed to deliver therapeutic cargoes to cells or tissues. However, rapid clearance by the immune system and the poor targeting profile of synthetic drug delivery systems are examples of the pressing obstacles faced in nanomedicine, which have directed the field toward the development of alternative strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale particles enclosed by a protein-rich lipid bilayer; they are released by cells and are considered to be important mediators of intercellular communication. Owing to their natural composition, EVs have been suggested to exhibit good biocompatibility and to possess homing properties to specific cell types. Combining EVs with synthetic nanoparticles by defined hybridization steps gives rise to a novel potential drug delivery tool, i.e., EV-based hybrid systems. These novel therapeutic vehicles exhibit potential advantageous features as compared to synthetic drug delivery systems such as enhanced cellular uptake and cargo delivery, immuno-evasive properties, capability of crossing biological barriers, and tissue targeting profile. Here, we provide an overview of the various strategies practiced to produce EV-based hybrid systems and elucidate those advantageous features obtained by synthetic drug delivery systems upon hybridization with EVs.

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Patel, Sulabh P., Ravi Vaishya, Dhananjay Pal, and Ashim K. Mitra. "Novel Pentablock Copolymer-Based Nanoparticulate Systems for Sustained Protein Delivery." AAPS PharmSciTech 16, no. 2 (October 16, 2014): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-014-0196-6.

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Formiga, F. R., E. Tamayo, T. Simón-Yarza, B. Pelacho, F. Prósper, and M. J. Blanco-Prieto. "Angiogenic therapy for cardiac repair based on protein delivery systems." Heart Failure Reviews 17, no. 3 (October 7, 2011): 449–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10741-011-9285-8.

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Elzoghby, Ahmed O., Wael M. Samy, and Nazik A. Elgindy. "Protein-based nanocarriers as promising drug and gene delivery systems." Journal of Controlled Release 161, no. 1 (July 2012): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.036.

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Fathi, Milad, Francesco Donsi, and David Julian McClements. "Protein-Based Delivery Systems for the Nanoencapsulation of Food Ingredients." Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 17, no. 4 (May 22, 2018): 920–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12360.

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Yu, Cui-Yun, Li-Hui Jia, Si-Xue Cheng, Xian-Zheng Zhang, and Ren-Xi Zhuo. "Fabrication of microparticle protein delivery systems based on calcium alginate." Journal of Microencapsulation 27, no. 2 (January 2010): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02652040903052051.

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Hariyadi, Dewi Melani, and Nazrul Islam. "Current Status of Alginate in Drug Delivery." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020 (August 6, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8886095.

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Alginate is one of the natural polymers that are often used in drug- and protein-delivery systems. The use of alginate can provide several advantages including ease of preparation, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. It can be applied to various routes of drug administration including targeted or localized drug-delivery systems. The development of alginates as a selected polymer in various delivery systems can be adjusted depending on the challenges that must be overcome by drug or proteins or the system itself. The increased effectiveness and safety of sodium alginate in the drug- or protein-delivery system are evidenced by changing the physicochemical characteristics of the drug or proteins. In this review, various routes of alginate-based drug or protein delivery, the effectivity of alginate in the stem cells, and cell encapsulation have been discussed. The recent advances in the in vivo alginate-based drug-delivery systems as well as their toxicities have also been reviewed.

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Jorgensen, Lene, Susana Martins, and Marco van de Weert. "Analysis of Protein Physical Stability in Lipid Based Delivery Systems—The Challenges of Lipid Drug Delivery Systems." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2009.1049.

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Voci, Silvia, Agnese Gagliardi, Massimo Fresta, and Donato Cosco. "Antitumor Features of Vegetal Protein-Based Nanotherapeutics." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12010065.

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The introduction of nanotechnology into pharmaceutical application revolutionized the administration of antitumor drugs through the modulation of their accumulation in specific organs/body compartments, a decrease in their side-effects and their controlled release from innovative systems. The use of plant-derived proteins as innovative, safe and renewable raw materials to be used for the development of polymeric nanoparticles unlocked a new scenario in the drug delivery field. In particular, the reduced size of the colloidal systems combined with the peculiar properties of non-immunogenic polymers favored the characterization and evaluation of the pharmacological activity of the novel nanoformulations. The aim of this review is to describe the physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles composed of vegetal proteins used to retain and deliver anticancer drugs, together with the most important preparation methods and the pharmacological features of these potential nanomedicines.

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Sun, Xiaohong, Hao Wang, Shengnan Li, Chunli Song, Songyuan Zhang, Jian Ren, and Chibuike C. Udenigwe. "Maillard-Type Protein–Polysaccharide Conjugates and Electrostatic Protein–Polysaccharide Complexes as Delivery Vehicles for Food Bioactive Ingredients: Formation, Types, and Applications." Gels 8, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8020135.

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Due to their combination of featured properties, protein and polysaccharide-based carriers show promising potential in food bioactive ingredient encapsulation, protection, and delivery. The formation of protein–polysaccharide complexes and conjugates involves non-covalent interactions and covalent interaction, respectively. The common types of protein–polysaccharide complex/conjugate-based bioactive ingredient delivery systems include emulsion (conventional emulsion, nanoemulsion, multiple emulsion, multilayered emulsion, and Pickering emulsion), microcapsule, hydrogel, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems. This review highlights the applications of protein–polysaccharide-based delivery vehicles in common bioactive ingredients including polyphenols, food proteins, bioactive peptides, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals. The loaded food bioactive ingredients exhibited enhanced physicochemical stability, bioaccessibility, and sustained release in simulated gastrointestinal digestion. However, limited research has been conducted in determining the in vivo oral bioavailability of encapsulated bioactive compounds. An in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion model incorporating gut microbiota and a mucus layer is suggested for future studies.

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Sharma, Ashish Ranjan, Shyamal Kumar Kundu, Ju-Suk Nam, Garima Sharma, C. George Priya Doss, Sang-Soo Lee, and Chiranjib Chakraborty. "Next Generation Delivery System for Proteins and Genes of Therapeutic Purpose: Why and How?" BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/327950.

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Proteins and genes of therapeutic interests in conjunction with different delivery systems are growing towards new heights. “Next generation delivery systems” may provide more efficient platform for delivery of proteins and genes. In the present review, snapshots about the benefits of proteins or gene therapy, general procedures for therapeutic protein or gene delivery system, and different next generation delivery system such as liposome, PEGylation, HESylation, and nanoparticle based delivery have been depicted with their detailed explanation.

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Ha, Ho-Kyung, Scott Rankin, Mee-Ryung Lee, and Won-Jae Lee. "Development and Characterization of Whey Protein-Based Nano-Delivery Systems: A Review." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 3254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183254.

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Various bioactive compounds (BCs) often possess poor stability and bioavailability, which makes it difficult for them to exert their potential health benefits. These limitations can be countered by the use of nano-delivery systems (NDSs), such as nanoparticles and nanoemulsions. NDSs can protect BCs against harsh environments during food processing and digestion, and thereby, could enhance the bioavailability of BCs. Although various NDSs have been successfully produced with both synthetic and natural materials, it is necessary to fulfill safety criteria in the delivery materials for food applications. Food-grade materials for the production of NDSs, such as milk proteins and carbohydrates, have received much attention due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Among these, whey proteins—from whey, a byproduct of cheese manufacturing—have been considered as excellent delivery material because of their high nutritional value and various functional properties, such as binding capability to various compounds, gelation, emulsifying properties, and barrier effects. Since the functional and physicochemical properties of whey protein-based NDSs, including size and surface charge, can be key factors affecting the applications of NDSs in food, the objectives of this review are to discuss how manufacturing variables can modulate the functional and physicochemical properties of NDSs and bioavailability of encapsulated BCs to produce efficient NDSs for various BCs.

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Salatin, Sara, Mitra Jelvehgari, Solmaz Maleki-Dizaj, and Khosro Adibkia. "A sight on protein-based nanoparticles as drug/gene delivery systems." Therapeutic Delivery 6, no. 8 (August 2015): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/tde.15.28.

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Dissanayake, Thilini, Xiaohong Sun, Lord Abbey, and Nandika Bandara. "Recent advances in lipid-protein conjugate-based delivery systems in nutraceutical, drug, and gene delivery." Food Hydrocolloids for Health 2 (December 2022): 100054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fhfh.2022.100054.

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Yang, Yuanyuan, Qiling Chen, Jianyu Lin, Zheng Cai, Guochao Liao, Kai Wang, Lei Bai, Peng Zhao, and Zhiqiang Yu. "Recent Advance in Polymer Based Microspheric Systems for Controlled Protein and Peptide Delivery." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 13 (July 8, 2019): 2285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190409130207.

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Sustained-release systems made by biodegradable polymers for protein and peptide drug delivery have received considerable attention by academic researchers and major pharmaceutical companies around the world. Various types of biodegradable materials, including natural and synthetic polymers, have been applied to form protein and peptide drug carriers. Among these material candidates, poly lactic acid (PLA) and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) are the most commonly used biodegradable materials in the development of protein and peptide microspheres. In addition, many microsphere preparation technologies, including spray drying, coacervation, multiple emulsion solvent evaporation method and microporous membrane emulsification have been developed for microspheres preparation. In this review, we particularly summarize and briefly introduce the materials and methods that are used to fabricate microspheres as protein delivery systems. The existing opportunities and challenges for successful protein delivery are also discussed.

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Yokoo, Hidetomo, Makoto Oba, and Satoshi Uchida. "Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Emerging Tools for mRNA Delivery." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14010078.

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Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were previously shown to have great potential for preventive vaccination against infectious diseases and therapeutic applications in the treatment of cancers and genetic diseases. Delivery systems for mRNAs, including lipid- and polymer-based carriers, are being developed for improving mRNA bioavailability. Among these systems, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) of 4–40 amino acids have emerged as powerful tools for mRNA delivery, which were originally developed to deliver membrane-impermeable drugs, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids to cells and tissues. Various functionalities can be integrated into CPPs by tuning the composition and sequence of natural and non-natural amino acids for mRNA delivery. With the employment of CPPs, improved endosomal escape efficiencies, selective targeting of dendritic cells (DCs), modulation of endosomal pathways for efficient antigen presentation by DCs, and effective mRNA delivery to the lungs by dry powder inhalation have been reported; additionally, they have been found to prolong protein expression by intracellular stabilization of mRNA. This review highlights the distinctive features of CPP-based mRNA delivery systems.

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Schötz, Sebastian, Felix Reisbeck, Ann-Cathrin Schmitt, Mathias Dimde, Elisa Quaas, Katharina Achazi, and Rainer Haag. "Tunable Polyglycerol-Based Redox-Responsive Nanogels for Efficient Cytochrome C Delivery." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081276.

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The sensitivity of therapeutic proteins is a challenge for their use in biomedical applications, as they are prone to degradation and opsonization, thus limiting their potential. This demands for the development of drug delivery systems shielding proteins and releasing them at the site of action. Here, we describe the synthesis of novel polyglycerol-based redox-responsive nanogels and report on their potential as nanocarrier systems for the delivery of cytochrome C (CC). This system is based on an encapsulation protocol of the therapeutic protein into the polymer network. NGs were formed via inverse nanoprecipitation using inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder cyclizations (iEDDA) between methyl tetrazines and norbornenes. Coprecipitation of CC led to high encapsulation efficiencies. Applying physiological reductive conditions of l-glutathione (GSH) led to degradation of the nanogel network, releasing 80% of the loaded CC within 48 h while maintaining protein functionality. Cytotoxicity measurements revealed high potency of CC-loaded NGs for various cancer cell lines with low IC50 values (up to 30 μg·mL−1), whereas free polymer was well tolerated up to a concentration of 1.50 mg·mL−1. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to monitor internalization of free and CC-loaded NGs and demonstrate the protein cargo’s release into the cytosol.

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Nelemans, Levi Collin, Matej Buzgo, and Aiva Simaite. "Optimization of Protein Precipitation for High-Loading Drug Delivery Systems for Immunotherapeutics." Proceedings 78, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecp2020-08683.

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and is often untreatable. Protein-based therapeutics, such as immunotherapeutics, show promising results in the fight against cancer, resulting in their market share increasing every year. Unfortunately, most protein-based therapeutics suffer from fast degradation in the blood, making effective treatment expensive, causing more off-target effects (due to the high doses necessary), and often require repeated injections to stay within the correct therapeutic range. Encapsulation of these proteins inside nanocarriers is prompted to overcome these problems by enhancing targeted drug delivery and, thus, leading to a less frequent administration and lower required dose. However, most current protein encapsulation methods show very low loading capacities (LC). This leads to even more expensive treatments and might pose a further risk for the patient caused by systemic toxicity against high concentrations of the carrier material. We investigated and optimized protein nanoprecipitation as a method to obtain a high protein LC and encapsulation efficiency (EE) inside poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid; PLGA) nanoparticles via a simple two-step process. In this work, we used model proteins to investigate the influence of various parameters such as precipitation solvent, addition speed, and protein concentration on protein activity. Our work is a critical step towards the high-loading encapsulation of immunotherapeutics.

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Beiranvand, Zahra, Farhad Bani, Ali Kakanejadifard, Erik Laurini, Maurizio Fermeglia, Sabrina Pricl, and Mohsen Adeli. "Anticancer drug delivery systems based on specific interactions between albumin and polyglycerol." RSC Advances 6, no. 14 (2016): 11266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra25463a.

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Since albumin is the main transporter and the most abundant protein in the blood, interactions between this protein and drug/gene nanocarriers are of great importance to ensure successful delivery to target tissue(s) in the body.

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Ray, Priyanka. "Polymer based Drug Delivery Systems- benchtop to Bedside Transition." Journal of Drugs Addiction & Therapeutics 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/jdat/2021(2)113.

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Research in the field of polymers and polymeric materials has garnered immense attention in the past few decades due to the versatile functional and structural capabilities of polymers which often can be manipulated for applications in the field of therapy and diagnosis for a host of diseases and disorders. Polymer therapeutics comprises polymer-drug and polymer-protein conjugates as well as supramolecular systems used as drug delivery systems. Although the pharmacological industry invests immensely in the design and discovery of novel drug molecules, small molecular drugs are often inefficient in targeting many diseases like deep seated low vasculature tumours, metastasized cancers and various autoimmune diseases. Coupled with a rapid clearance rate, low solubility, drug resistance and high off target toxicity these small molecular drugs often present modest benefits for a host of common diseases. In order to improve the therapeutic index of pre-existing drugs and shortening the translation from preclinical validation to clinical approval, a vast area of drug delivery research focuses on the improvement of drug carriers by various alterations. The major challenges currently faced by drug delivery systems include a low payload, transition through the desmoplastic barrier for solid tumours and high hepatic and renal clearance. In order to address these issues numerous polymer–protein and polymer-drug conjugates have been engineered and have reported to enhance the stability and pharmacokinetic properties of the active drugs. Highly toxic anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, cis-platin and gemcitabine have successfully been coupled with high molecular weight polymers to formulate targeted drug delivery agents, some of which have undergone successful clinical trials. Apart from PEGylated polymers, dendritic polymers and polyplexes with DNA or RNA moieties have also been considered as candidates for improving the therapeutic index of various drugs. Ongoing efforts in the development of polymer-based therapeutics are promising and open new horizons for personalized medicine for effective cure of various life-threatening diseases.

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De Marco, Iolanda. "Zein Microparticles and Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems." Polymers 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112172.

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Zein is a natural, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer widely used in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and packaging fields because of its low water vapor permeability, antibacterial activity, and hydrophobicity. It is a vegetal protein extracted from renewable resources (it is the major storage protein from corn). There has been growing attention to producing zein-based drug delivery systems in the recent years. Being a hydrophobic biopolymer, it is used in the controlled and targeted delivery of active principles. This review examines the present-day landscape of zein-based microparticles and nanoparticles, focusing on the different techniques used to obtain particles, the optimization of process parameters, advantages, disadvantages, and final applications.

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Li, Hanmei, Yao Wang, Qi Tang, Dan Yin, Chuane Tang, En He, Liang Zou, and Qiang Peng. "The protein corona and its effects on nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems." Acta Biomaterialia 129 (July 2021): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.019.

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Vajdy, Michael, Indresh Srivastava, John Polo, John Donnelly, Derek O'Hagan, and Manmohan Singh. "Mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems for protein‐, DNA‐ and RNA‐based vaccines." Immunology & Cell Biology 82, no. 6 (December 2004): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1711.2004.01288.x.

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Griffiths, Peter C., Nicolo Mauro, Damien M. Murphy, Emma Carter, Simon C. W. Richardson, Paul Dyer, and Paolo Ferruti. "Self-Assembled PAA-Based Nanoparticles as Potential Gene and Protein Delivery Systems." Macromolecular Bioscience 13, no. 5 (March 19, 2013): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201200462.

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Mochizuki, Hideki, Joan P. Schwartz, Koichi Tanaka, Roscoe O. Brady, and Jakob Reiser. "High-Titer Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Based Vector Systems for Gene Delivery into Nondividing Cells." Journal of Virology 72, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 8873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.11.8873-8883.1998.

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ABSTRACT Previously we designed novel pseudotyped high-titer replication defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vectors to deliver genes into nondividing cells (J. Reiser, G. Harmison, S. Kluepfel-Stahl, R. O. Brady, S. Karlsson, and M. Schubert, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:15266–15271, 1996). Since then we have made several improvements with respect to the safety, flexibility, and efficiency of the vector system. A three-plasmid expression system is used to generate pseudotyped HIV-1 particles by transient transfection of human embryonic kidney 293T cells with a defective packaging construct, a plasmid coding for a heterologous envelope (Env) protein, and a vector construct harboring a reporter gene such as neo, ShlacZ (encoding a phleomycin resistance/β-galactosidase fusion protein), HSA (encoding mouse heat-stable antigen), or EGFP (encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein). The packaging constructs lack functional Vif, Vpr, and Vpu proteins and/or a large portion of the Env coding region as well as the 5′ and 3′ long terminal repeats, the Nef function, and the presumed packaging signal. Using G418 selection, we routinely obtained vector particles pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G) with titers of up to 8 × 107 CFU/μg of p24, provided that a functional Tat coding region was present in the vector. Vector constructs lacking a functional Tat protein yielded titers of around 4 × 106 to 8 × 106 CFU/μg of p24. Packaging constructs with a mutation within the integrase (IN) core domain profoundly affected colony formation and expression of the reporter genes, indicating that a functional IN protein is required for efficient transduction. We explored the abilities of other Env proteins to allow formation of pseudotyped HIV-1 particles. The rabies virus and Mokola virus G proteins yielded high-titer infectious pseudotypes, while the human foamy virus Env protein did not. Using the improved vector system, we successfully transduced contact-inhibited primary human skin fibroblasts and postmitotic rat cerebellar neurons and cardiac myocytes, a process not affected by the lack of the accessory proteins.

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Piot, Numa, F. Gisou van der Goot, and Oksana A. Sergeeva. "Harnessing the Membrane Translocation Properties of AB Toxins for Therapeutic Applications." Toxins 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010036.

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Over the last few decades, proteins and peptides have become increasingly more common as FDA-approved drugs, despite their inefficient delivery due to their inability to cross the plasma membrane. In this context, bacterial two-component systems, termed AB toxins, use various protein-based membrane translocation mechanisms to deliver toxins into cells, and these mechanisms could provide new insights into the development of bio-based drug delivery systems. These toxins have great potential as therapies both because of their intrinsic properties as well as the modular characteristics of both subunits, which make them highly amenable to conjugation with various drug classes. This review focuses on the therapeutical approaches involving the internalization mechanisms of three representative AB toxins: botulinum toxin type A, anthrax toxin, and cholera toxin. We showcase several specific examples of the use of these toxins to develop new therapeutic strategies for numerous diseases and explain what makes these toxins promising tools in the development of drugs and drug delivery systems.

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Sharifi, Faezeh, and Mansour Jahangiri. "Investigation of the stability of vitamin D in emulsion-based delivery systems." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 24, no. 2 (2018): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq160408028s.

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Vitamin D is a nutraceutical agent, which is necessary for good health. However, the sufficient amount of this vitamin needed for daily intake is not found in most foods which leads to many producers choosing to develop vitamin-enriched products. Vitamin D is sensitive to the exposure to oxygen and high temperature. To protect it against degradation during food processing, emulsion-based delivery is preferred. The more stable emulsion leads to higher protection of vitamin D. The present study investigated the effects of different factors, such as the choice of biopolymer, pH, ionic strength, and temperature, on emulsion stability. As emulsions with smaller particles are known to be more stable, the minimum concentrations of the biopolymers under study allowing the minimum size of particles were determined. The results obtained were the following: gum arabic 7 %, 468 nm; maltodextrin 2 %, 266 nm; Whey protein concentrate (WPC) 0.5 %, 190 nm; Soy protein isolate (SI) 4 %, 132 nm. Among the different biopolymers and the emulsion conditions studied, the soy protein isolate emulsion provided the highest protection of vitamin D (85 %) at 4 wt% concentration, pH 7 and 25?C. SEM analysis of the dried nanocapsules of the soy protein isolate emulsion revealed homogeneous and uniform dispersion of particles.

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Volpi e Silva, Nathalia, and Nicola J. Patron. "CRISPR-based tools for plant genome engineering." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 1, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170011.

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Molecular tools adapted from bacterial CRISPR (clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat) adaptive immune systems have been demonstrated in an increasingly wide range of plant species. They have been applied for the induction of targeted mutations in one or more genes as well as for directing the integration of new DNA to specific genomic loci. The construction of molecular tools for multiplexed CRISPR-mediated editing in plants has been facilitated by cloning techniques that allow multiple sequences to be assembled together in a single cloning reaction. Modifications of the canonical Cas9 protein from Streptococcus pyogenes and the use of nucleases from other bacteria have increased the diversity of genomic sequences that can be targeted and allow the delivery of protein cargos such as transcriptional activators and repressors. Furthermore, the direct delivery of protein–RNA complexes to plant cells and tissues has enabled the production of engineered plants without the delivery or genomic integration of foreign DNA. Here, we review toolkits derived from bacterial CRISPR systems for targeted mutagenesis, gene delivery and modulation of gene expression in plants, focusing on their composition and the strategies employed to reprogramme them for the recognition of specific genomic targets.

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Ng´ang´a, Peter Njenga, Julia K. Ebner, Matthias Plessner, Klaus Aktories, and Gudula Schmidt. "Engineering Photorhabdus luminescens toxin complex (PTC) into a recombinant injection nanomachine." Life Science Alliance 2, no. 5 (September 20, 2019): e201900485. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900485.

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Engineering delivery systems for proteins and peptides into mammalian cells is an ongoing challenge for cell biological studies as well as for therapeutic approaches. Photorhabdus luminescens toxin complex (PTC) is a heterotrimeric protein complex able to deliver diverse protein toxins into mammalian cells. We engineered the syringe-like nanomachine for delivery of protein toxins from different species. In addition, we loaded the highly active copepod luciferase Metridia longa M-Luc7 for accurate quantification of injected molecules. We suggest that besides the probable size limitation, the charge of the cargo also influences the efficiency of packing and transport into mammalian cells. Our data show that the PTC constitutes a powerful system to inject recombinant proteins, peptides, and potentially, other molecules into mammalian cells. In addition, in contrast to other protein transporters based on pore formation, the closed, compact structure of the PTC may protect cargo from degradation.

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Li, Ping, Hanne Mørck Nielsen, and Anette Müllertz. "Oral delivery of peptides and proteins using lipid-based drug delivery systems." Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 9, no. 10 (August 17, 2012): 1289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2012.717068.

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Zhang, Yi, Yiao Wang, Safak Uslu, Sneha Venkatachalapathy, Mohammad Rashidian, Jonas V. Schaefer, Andreas Plückthun, and Mark D. Distefano. "Enzymatic Construction of DARPin-Based Targeted Delivery Systems Using Protein Farnesyltransferase and a Capture and Release Strategy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 11537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911537.

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Protein-based conjugates have been extensively utilized in various biotechnological and therapeutic applications. In order to prepare homogeneous conjugates, site-specific modification methods and efficient purification strategies are both critical factors to be considered. The development of general and facile conjugation and purification strategies is therefore highly desirable. Here, we apply a capture and release strategy to create protein conjugates based on Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins), which are engineered antigen-binding proteins with prominent affinity and selectivity. In this case, DARPins that target the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a diagnostic cell surface marker for many types of cancer, were employed. The DARPins were first genetically modified with a C-terminal CVIA sequence to install an enzyme recognition site and then labeled with an aldehyde functional group employing protein farnesyltransferase. Using a capture and release strategy, conjugation of the labeled DARPins to a TAMRA fluorophore was achieved with either purified proteins or directly from crude E. coli lysate and used in subsequent flow cytometry and confocal imaging analysis. DARPin-MMAE conjugates were also prepared yielding a construct manifesting an IC50 of 1.3 nM for cell killing of EpCAM positive MCF-7 cells. The method described here is broadly applicable to enable the streamlined one-step preparation of protein-based conjugates.

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Sandra, Febrina, Nisar Ul Khaliq, Anwar Sunna, and Andrew Care. "Developing Protein-Based Nanoparticles as Versatile Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy and Imaging." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091329.

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In recent years, it has become apparent that cancer nanomedicine’s reliance on synthetic nanoparticles as drug delivery systems has resulted in limited clinical outcomes. This is mostly due to a poor understanding of their “bio–nano” interactions. Protein-based nanoparticles (PNPs) are rapidly emerging as versatile vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, offering a potential alternative to synthetic nanoparticles. PNPs are abundant in nature, genetically and chemically modifiable, monodisperse, biocompatible, and biodegradable. To harness their full clinical potential, it is important for PNPs to be accurately designed and engineered. In this review, we outline the recent advancements and applications of PNPs in cancer nanomedicine. We also discuss the future directions for PNP research and what challenges must be overcome to ensure their translation into the clinic.

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Elmowafy, Enas, Rihab Osman, and Rania A. H. Ishak. "Polymer-Based Novel Lung Targeted Delivery Systems." Current Pharmaceutical Design 23, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161027104304.

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Background: Due to its unique features, the respiratory tract had received great attention as a promising non-invasive route for drug administration to achieve both local and systemic effects. Efforts spent to tailor systems able to overcome the lung defence mechanisms and biological barriers are followed in this review. Aerodynamic diameter, morphology, lung deposition and drug release profiles are the main criteria describing the selected new smart lung targeted delivery systems. Methods: Novel systems such as nanoparticles, nano-embedded-in microparticles (NEM), small microparticles (MP), large porous particles (LPP), PulmospheresTM and polymeric micelles are used to passively target different areas in the respiratory tract. The most common preparation methods are outlined in the article. Special emphasis was given to the characteristics of the polymers used to fabricate the developed systems. Efforts made to prepare systems using chitosan (CS), alginate (alg), hyaluronic acid (HA), gelatin and albumin as examples of natural polymers and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) as synthetic polymers were compiled. Conclusion: The continuous development and work in the area of lung targeting resulted in the development of engineered smart platforms with the capability to carry small drug molecules, proteins and genes to treat a variety of local and systemic diseases.

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Parker, Wu, McKay, Xu, and Kaplan. "Design of Silk-Elastin-Like Protein Nanoparticle Systems with Mucoadhesive Properties." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 10, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb10040049.

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Transmucosal drug delivery is a promising avenue to improve therapeutic efficacy through localized therapeutic administration. Drug delivery systems that increase retention in the mucosal layer are needed to improve efficiency of such transmucosal platforms. However, the applicability of such systems is often limited by the range of chemistries and properties that can be achieved. Here we present the design and implementation of silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs) with mucoadhesive properties. SELP-based micellar-like nanoparticles provide a system to tailor chemical and physical properties through genetic engineering of the SELP sequence, which enables the fabrication of nanoparticles with specific chemical and physical features. Analysis of the adhesion of four different SELP-based nanoparticle systems in an artificial mucus system, as well as in in vitro cellular assays indicates that addition of mucoadhesive chemical features on the SELP systems increases retention of the particles in mucosal environments. The results indicated that SELP-based nanoparticles provide a useful approach to study and develop transmucosal protein drug delivery system with unique mucoadhesive properties. Future studies will serve to further expand the range of achievable properties, as well as the utilization of SELPs to fabricate mucoadhesive materials for in vivo testing.

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Teimouri, Shahla, Stefan Kasapis, and Mina Dokouhaki. "Diffusional characteristics of food protein-based materials as nutraceutical delivery systems: A review." Trends in Food Science & Technology 122 (April 2022): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.025.

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Malekzad, Hedieh, Hamed Mirshekari, Parham Sahandi Zangabad, S. M. Moosavi Basri, Fazel Baniasadi, Maryam Sharifi Aghdam, Mahdi Karimi, and Michael R. Hamblin. "Plant protein-based hydrophobic fine and ultrafine carrier particles in drug delivery systems." Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 38, no. 1 (April 24, 2017): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2017.1312267.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Protein based delivery systems'

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