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Journal articles on the topic 'Protectorates – Spain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bouyahya, Driss. "Colonial vs Colonized Counter-Hegemonies: Two Vistas of Moroccan Educational Models." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 2, no. 4 (2020): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i4.423.

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Both France and Spain used schooling as a vehicle in service of colonization during the Protectorate era in Morocco, whereas Moroccans retaliated with counter-hegemonic tools to resist and interrogate imposed educational models in order to implement their oppositional agendas. Thus, the paper is threefold: it attempts to revisit and sketch out both colonial policies in education with their ramifications, while outlining and analyzing their strengths and limitations. The study also seeks to investigate how Moroccans establish resistance movements to react to the newly-imposed colonial hegemonie

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2

Abdelkader, Abdelmalik El Barkani. "Algunos aspectos de la acción sanitaria durante el Protectorado de España en Marruecos." Aldaba, no. 39 (December 15, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/aldaba.39.2014.20556.

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En este artículo se realiza un pequeño repaso de la acción sanitaria de España en la zona norte de Marruecos durante el Protectorado. Se aborda el origen y la organización del Protectorado, tanto política como administrativamente, para a continuación referirse a la situación sanitaria en Marruecos antes del inicio de la acción protectora. Posteriormente se analiza la organización sanitaria que España creó en esta zona y fundamentalmente en dos secciones: Los servicios de la Dirección General y las luchas y campañas sanitarias. El artículo finaliza recordando cuáles fueron los resultados obteni

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3

Wright, Stephanie. "Glorious Brothers, Unsuitable Lovers: Moroccan Veterans, Spanish Women, and the Mechanisms of Francoist Paternalism." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 1 (2018): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009418778777.

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Out of the 78,504 Moroccans who fought in the Francoist army during the Spanish Civil War, an estimated 55,468 sustained injuries over the course of the conflict. Within the deeply hierarchical and militaristic regime of Francisco Franco, a privileged symbolic space was reserved for troops from the Spanish Protectorate who had sacrificed their bodily integrity in the ‘Crusade’. Such veterans were presented by the regime as the ‘glorious mutilated’, and a special body was established to manage their disability pension claims. Yet this privileged position did not imply parity with veterans’ Span

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4

Moreras, Jordi. "The Way to Mecca. Spanish State Sponsorship of Muslim Pilgrimage (1925-1972)." Culture & History Digital Journal 9, no. 2 (2020): e013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2020.013.

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The sponsorship of pilgrimage to Mecca by European colonial powers in the 19th and 20th centuries contributed to transforming the hajj into the global phenomenon it is today. Spain also promoted Muslim pilgrimage from its zone of the Moroccan Protectorate, tentatively at first, and then more purposefully from 1937 onwards, continuing its sponsorship into the early 1970s, years after Morocco’s independence. Intensive study of administrative documentation from the Spanish Protectorate allows the reformulation of the sponsorship’s established chronology (from 1937 to 1956). It also shows the dual

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5

Rodríguez Lago, José Ramón. "From the Ruins of Empire." Journal of Religion in Africa 52, no. 3-4 (2022): 421–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340237.

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Abstract After Spain lost its overseas territories, Spanish priests increased their presence in Africa. From an analysis of the bibliography and the press of the time as well as of the different documents issued by the nunciature of Madrid, the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, and the Secretariat of State of the Vatican, it is possible to draw some significant conclusions about the evolution of Spanish missions in the Protectorate of Morocco and Spanish Guinea in the four decades that separate the so-called Disaster and the propagandistic myth of the Crusade represented by

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6

Rodriguez Lago, José Ramón. "From the Ruins of Empire." Journal of Religion in Africa 52, no. 1-2 (2022): 80–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340227.

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Abstract After Spain lost its overseas territories, Spanish priests increased their presence in Africa. From an analysis of the bibliography and the press of the time as well as of the different documents issued by the nunciature of Madrid, the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith and the Secretariat of State of the Vatican, it is possible to draw some significant conclusions about the evolution of Spanish missions in the Protectorate of Morocco and Spanish Guinea in the four decades which separate the so-called Disaster and the propagandistic myth of the Crusade represented by

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7

HARFOUF, SOULAIMAN. "The school and the military: two precursors of physical education and sport in northern Morocco during the protectorate." International Journal of Information Technology and Applied Sciences (IJITAS) 3, no. 2 (2021): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52502/ijitas.v3i2.86.

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Considered rather as a protectorate, the Spanish colonization of northern Morocco allowed the establishment of a new culture among the natives: the sports culture. The socio-political context of the emergence and the social and geographical dissemination of sports activities and physical education (PE) in schools explain why they were put at the service of the patriotic and militaristic national colonial conception. This conception was implemented by two ideological apparatuses: the school and the army. The action of these two agents in charge of disseminating sport and PE among the Moro

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8

Aixelà-Cabré, Yolanda. "Colonial Spain in Africa: Building a Shared History from Memories of the Spanish Protectorate and Spanish Guinea." Culture & History Digital Journal 9, no. 2 (2020): e017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2020.017.

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This article compares Spanish, Riffian and Equatorial Guinean memories to address Hispano-African history and understand their colonial experiences. Examining Africans’ voices in the 21st century from Postcolonial and Decolonial perspectives allows us to uncover Spanish colonial rhetoric about Moroccans and Equatorial Guineans and the racialised inequalities they had to face during the Spanish settlement. This approach shows the urgency of conciliating different versions and promoting a decoloniality process for Spain: the colonial past must be rebuilt for all and different sociocultural encou

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9

Estrada Tanck, Dorothy. "Protección de las personas migrantes indocumentadas en España con arreglo al Derecho Internacional y Europeo de los derechos humanos = Protection of undocumented migrant persons in Spain under international and European human rights law." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 9, no. 2 (2017): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2017.3873.

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Resumen: Este artículo trata sobre el régimen jurídico de protección de las personas migrantes indocumentadas en España, realizando una cartografía integral de los instrumentos internacionales y europeos de derechos humanos que les resultan aplicables y contrastando dicho marco jurídico con la normatividad y la práctica en el país. El trabajo identifica de modo temático y casuístico los riesgos y vulnerabilidades que enfrentan las personas migrantes en España y en la UE, y los examina de modo crítico y a la vez propositivo a la luz de los principios de igualdad y no-discriminación, la jurispru

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10

Diakov, Nikolai. "Arab States of North Africa: from the Ottoman Empire to the Colonial Empires of Modern Times." ISTORIYA 14, no. 10 (132) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840028616-6.

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The modern history of the Northern Africa (Egypt and the Maghreb) was marked with the progress in transformation of the local social and political institutions with at the same a vast expansion of the Ottoman Porte and later of the West European powers. The Arab Maghreb which firstly became an object of the European aggression from Spain and Portugal in the 15th — 16th CC. later joined the Ottoman Empire together with Egypt. Morocco, however, managed to save its formal independence until the very beginning of the 20th C.A.D. With the European expansion in the 19th C. the Northern Africa turned

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11

Guervos, Adolfo Cano. "Hard – soft bioengineering para la integración paisajística de taludes de carreteras en Galicia (Spain)." South Florida Journal of Environmental and Animal Science 3, no. 2 (2023): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53499/sfjeasv3n2-001.

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La integración paisajística de taludes de carreteras y la lucha contra la erosión imponen de soluciones técnicas rápidas, pero que pueden ser poco eficaces a largo plazo. La eficacia del tratamiento puede mejorar aplicando técnicas de Bioingeniería, con criterios científicos. Un criterio valido es la selección de especies vegetales adecuadas al sustrato, microclima y a la técnica de ingeniería aplicada. Mediante observaciones de campo, fotografías y foto aérea se estudió el estado de ecológico de mas de 80 taludes en carreteras de Pontevedra, especialmente en las Nacionales, autovía (A52

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12

Zakhir, Marouane, and Jason L. O’Brien. "Moroccan Arabic: The Battlefield of Language Ideologies." JURNAL ARBITRER 6, no. 1 (2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ar.6.1.59-76.2019.

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The debate on the use of Moroccan Arabic (also known as Moroccan darija) dates back to the medieval period when literary critics have discussed the effectiveness of writing in Moroccan Arabic lyrics of Muslim Spain, muwashshahat and zajal. This debate was later sharpened in the protectorate era (1912-1955) by the French colonial administration in its attempt to use MA in education as a tool to divide Morocco into Arabs and Amazigh, separate the country from the Arab world and pave the way for French to flourish in society. Nowadays, the use of MA in education came to the fore front of the inte

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13

Gordienko, Dmitry O. "«Ultimum ratio of the Great century»: the development of the English Royal regular army in the XVII century." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 3 (2020): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202093204.

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The paper analyses the processes of a modern state development on the example of a regular army development as a basis of the national military system. The author considers the relationship between the development of foreign and domestic policy issues under the Late Tudors. The author analyzes the role of force-based decision-making of the most important issues in decision-making by the Crown under the First Stuarts. The author also analyzes the heavy legacy of the Protectorate regime in terms of the populations acceptance of the idea of a regular army existence. The difficulties encountered b

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14

Ashrafyan, Konstantin, Nadezhda Pospelova, Natalya Koroleva, and Achaeva. "The interrupted game of England and the French Huguenots on the chessboard [of Spanish Florida] ; (Interrumpido el juego de Inglaterra y hugonotes franceses en el tablero de ajedrez [de la Florida Española])." UTOPÍA Y PRAXIS LATINOAMERICANA. EXTRA, no. 10 (2021): 242–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5236559.

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The investigation is about the christianization of Florida in 16th-17th centuries. A chain of events took place in different parts of the world: Spanish Florida, west-India, England, France, Spain, and Italy. We analyzed the actions of France, and England during the Religion Wars in Europe, and their preparation which were connected with wishes of Frenchmen and English to reach Spanish Florida and close the path of the Spanish ships route. Also, we show the intelligence activities of England to identify routes for further capturation of parts of modern North America and establish its protector

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15

Martínez Antonio, Francisco Javier. "Vísperas de menos: la producción científica de los médicos españoles en Marruecos antes del Protectorado (1884-1906)." Aldaba, no. 39 (December 15, 2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/aldaba.39.2014.20555.

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El periodo previo al establecimiento del Protectorado español en Marruecos en 1912 no fue el más prolífico en términos de producción científica médica. No obstante, en nuestra opinión, se trató del más importante históricamente en lo que respecta al alcance y al potencial de dicha producción. El impulso político a las iniciativas españolas en Marruecos desde mediados de la década de 1880 se tradujo en un aumento del número de médicos españoles, cuya actividad se enmarcó en un triple esquema: médicos consulares, médicos en la corte del Sultán y médicos de la Comisión del Cuerpo de Estado Mayor.

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16

Rubén, Gutiérrez Mata. "Flamenco in Tetouan, Morocco (1912-1936) El aflamencamiento de Tetuán (1912-1936)." Música Oral del Sur, no. 8 (December 10, 2009): 149–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4633005.

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Resumen: Este artículo pretende aproximarnos a una realidad cercana tanto en el tiempo, como en el espacio, pero que dista muchas leguas en los conocimientos que tenemos sobre esa extraña figura político administrativa que supuso el Protectorado Español de Marruecos. Se extendió desde 1912 hasta 1956, y estuvo motivado por el continuo interés que tuvo España por la costa norteafricana, desde finales de la Edad Media. A ello se unirán distintos avatares a lo largo de los siglos XVII, XVIII y XIX, que desembocarían en una primera Gue

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17

Garrido Sánchez, Manuel. "The German ornithologist and botanist Leo von Boxbergerand his compatriot, the dealer in animal species (eggs and birds) Carlos Baltz Leuschner, during their stays in Malaga." Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 2023/117 (2023): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29077/bol.2023.117.garrido.

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In this work, we address different biographical, botanical and scientific aspects of Leo von Boxberger (1897-1950): judge, diplomat, ornithologist, botanist and expert oologist. We focus on his relations with Carlos Baltz Leuschner (1851-1918), also German, a watchmaker by pro-fession and a dealer of animal especies (eggs and birds), settled in our city, where he died in 1918, since the begining of 1888. Boxberger lived in Cameroon until february 1916, when Germany was forced to abandon this colony before the advance of the allied troops. The Spanish neutra¬lity in the Great War made possible

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18

Jordan, Daniel. "Sección Femenina: Documenting and Performing Spanish Musical Folklore During the Early Franco Regime (1939–1953)." Music and Letters, November 22, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ml/gcz099.

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Abstract The Franco regime (1939–75) used Spanish musical traditions as a form of propaganda and cultural diplomacy during the first two decades of the dictatorship––a period that saw Spain transform itself from a supporter of Nazi Germany to a staunch ally of the Western Bloc. Based on archival work conducted in eight archives throughout Andalusia and Madrid, the rather monolithic view of how the Franco regime portrayed Spanish identity within the nation, the Protectorates in Morocco, and the United Kingdom is challenged. The Sección Femenina, the women’s section of the fascist Falange party,

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19

Parodi Álvarez, Manuel J. "On the First Steps of Institutional Archaeology in the Former Protectorate of Spain in Northern Morocco." ARTis ON, no. 15 (March 16, 2025). https://doi.org/10.37935/iha.oan2024.010.

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This paper aims to consider the first steps of the establishment and construction of the management structures of the Archaeological Heritage in the North of Morocco, in the context of the political status quo of the Protectorate that emerged after the International Conference of Algeciras (1906). To achieve these objectives throughout our career as researcher we have approached the primary and secondary sources on the subject, taking into account both the archival documentation existing in Spain and Morocco on this issue, the Historiography on the subject and the current publications. Among t

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20

KONSTANTIN, E. ASHRAFYAN ET AL. "Interrupted Game of England and French Huguenots on the Chessboard." October 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4155539.

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  <strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong> </strong> The investigation is about the christianization of Florida in 16th-17th centuries. A chain of events took place in different parts of the world: Spanish Florida, west-India, England, France, Spain, and Italy. We analyzed the actions of France, and England during the Religion Wars in Europe, and their preparation which were connected with wishes of Frenchmen and English to reach Spanish Florida and close the path of the Spanish ships route. Also, we show the intelligence activities of England to identify routes for further captur

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21

Albert Salueña, Jesús. "La economía del Protectorado durante la Guerra Civil." Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos, no. 3 (December 30, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/reim2007.3.001.

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En este artículo se presenta la labor de Juan Beigbeder, Alto Comisario del Protectorado español en Marruecos entre diciembre de 1936 y julio de 1939, años clave de la guerra civil, ante los problemas económicos del territorio bajo su autoridad. De un lado, solucionando la escasez de los recursos presupuestarios a disposición del Majzen y de la Alta Comisaría. De otro, logrando mantener un comercio exterior suficiente para proporcionar un nivel de vida aceptable a los habitantes del Protectorado, aspecto especialmente complicado si consideramos el permanente déficit comercial que la Zona de Pr

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22

Sedeño Delgado, Eugenia Luisa. "Health organization in the Rif War. Literature review." Enfermería Cuidándote 6 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.51326/ec.6.4910049.

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Introduction: The Rif War was a revolution for the development of the Spanish Red Cross Nursing Corps since they were immersed in the humanitarian aid the war, collaborating with the professionals of the Spanish Military Health. The Spanish Protectorate in Morocco marked a before and after in the healht organization of a Morocco in which magical- religious medicine predominated where the healers had a primary role in the life of the Kabyles, although the first glimpses of the modern medicine also existed. Objective: To reflect the health organization and the hygienic conditions faced by the he

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23

"LOS COMIENZOS DE LA PROTECCIÓN DE LAS AVES EN ESPAÑA (1879-1936): GRAELLS, EL MARQUÉS DE CUSANO Y LAS SOCIEDADES PROTECTORAS DE ANIMALES." Llull, Revista de la Sociedad Española de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas, September 30, 2020, 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47101/llull.2020.43.87.07ferrero.

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Resumen La historia de la protección legal de la aves en España durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX es muy conocida, destacando como hechos relevantes la fundación de la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (1954), la contribución de reputados científicos (sobre todo José Antonio Valverde y Francisco Bernis), y el impacto mediático de un carismático personaje, Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente. En cambio, existían pocos trabajos que abordaran esta cuestión en épocas más antiguas. Sin embargo, recientes estudios, que aquí se sintetizan, han desvelado que anteriores esfuerzos por proteger a una parte d

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