Relevant bibliographies by topics / Protective Immunity

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Protective Immunity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Protective Immunity"

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Burger, Eva. "Paracoccidioidomycosis Protective Immunity." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7020137.

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Protective immunity against Paracoccidioides consists of a stepwise activation of numerous effector mechanisms that comprise many cellular and soluble components. At the initial phase of non-specific innate immunity, resistance against Paracoccidioides comes from phagocytic polymorphonuclear neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes, supplemented by soluble factors such as cytokines and complement system components. Invariant receptors (Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Dectins) which are present in cells of the immune system, detect patterns present in Paracoccidioides (but not in the host) informing the hosts cells that there is an infection in progress, and that the acquired immunity must be activated. The role of components involved in the innate immunity of paracoccidioidomycosis is herein presented. Humoral immunity, represented by specific antibodies which control the fungi in the blood and body fluids, and its role in paracoccidioidomycosis (which was previously considered controversial) is also discussed. The protective mechanisms (involving various components) of cellular immunity are also discussed, covering topics such as: lysis by activated macrophages and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the participation of lytic products, and the role of cytokines secreted by T helper lymphocytes in increasing the efficiency of Paracoccidioides, lysis.
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Hoerauf, Achim, and Cathy Steel. "3.2 PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY—VACCINES." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71, no. 5_suppl (November 1, 2004): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2004.71.5_suppl.0700034.

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Cox, R. A., and D. M. Magee. "Protective immunity in coccidioidomycosis." Research in Immunology 149, no. 4-5 (May 1998): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-2494(98)80765-7.

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Huang, Shou-Jie, Xiao-Hui Liu, Jun Zhang, and Mun-Hon Ng. "Protective immunity against HEV." Current Opinion in Virology 5 (April 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2013.10.003.

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Zinkernagel, Rolf M. "Immunological memory ≠ protective immunity." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 69, no. 10 (April 6, 2012): 1635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-012-0972-y.

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Lin, Wen-Hsuan, and Diane E. Griffin. "138 Understanding protective immunity." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 65 (April 2014): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000446718.70725.4b.

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Watson, J. D. "Leprosy: understanding protective immunity." Immunology Today 10, no. 7 (July 1989): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(89)90253-3.

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Watanabe, Mineo, and Masaaki Nagai. "Role of Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses in Reciprocal Protection against Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in a Murine Model of Respiratory Infection." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 2 (February 2003): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.2.733-738.2003.

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ABSTRACT The roles of systemic humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity, and mucosal immunity in reciprocal protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis were examined by using a murine model of respiratory infection. Passive immunization with serum from mice infected with B. pertussis established protective immunity against B. pertussis but not against B. parapertussis. Protection against B. parapertussis was induced in mice that had been injected with serum from mice infected with B. parapertussis but not from mice infected with B. pertussis. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from mice infected with B. pertussis or B. parapertussis also failed to confer reciprocal protection. To examine the role of mucosal immunity in reciprocal protection, mice were infected with preparations of either B. pertussis or B. parapertussis, each of which had been incubated with the bronchoalveolar wash of mice that were convalescing after infection with B. pertussis or B. parapertussis. Such incubation conferred reciprocal protection against B. pertussis and B. parapertussis on infected mice. The data suggest that mucosal immunity including secreted immunoglobulin A in the lungs might play an important role in reciprocal protective immunity in this murine model of respiratory infection.
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Mokaya, Jolynne, Derick Kimathi, Teresa Lambe, and George M. Warimwe. "What Constitutes Protective Immunity Following Yellow Fever Vaccination?" Vaccines 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060671.

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Yellow fever (YF) remains a threat to global health, with an increasing number of major outbreaks in the tropical areas of the world over the recent past. In light of this, the Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics Strategy was established with the aim of protecting one billion people at risk of YF through vaccination by the year 2026. The current YF vaccine gives excellent protection, but its use is limited by shortages in supply due to the difficulties in producing the vaccine. There are good grounds for believing that alternative fractional dosing regimens can produce strong protection and overcome the problem of supply shortages as less vaccine is required per person. However, immune responses to these vaccination approaches are yet to be fully understood. In addition, published data on immune responses following YF vaccination have mostly quantified neutralising antibody titers. However, vaccine-induced antibodies can confer immunity through other antibody effector functions beyond neutralisation, and an effective vaccine is also likely to induce strong and persistent memory T cell responses. This review highlights the gaps in knowledge in the characterisation of YF vaccine-induced protective immunity in the absence or presence of neutralising antibodies. The assessment of biophysical antibody characteristics and cell-mediated immunity following YF vaccination could help provide a comprehensive landscape of YF vaccine-induced immunity and a better understanding of correlates of protective immunity.
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Stingl, G. "PL04.3 Protective and Non-Protective Immunity in STIs." Sexually Transmitted Infections 89, Suppl 1 (July 2013): A4.3—A4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0011.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protective Immunity"

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Al-Dahwi, Zaineb. "Impairment of protective immunity to intestinal helminthiases." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Ronan, Edward. "Understanding vaccine induced protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c0d7b20f-e144-42f8-aa52-301d0938b0b3.

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The current worldwide epidemic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a huge global health problem. Widespread BCG vaccination remains a useful tool in combating this epidemic; however, its variable efficacy requires urgent development of novel vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Such a candidate vaccine is a serotype 5 adenovirus expressing antigen 85A from M. tuberculosis (Ad85A). In animal models Ad85A confers significant protection when administered intra-nasally. The work in this thesis demonstrates that intra-nasal immunisation with Ad85A results in inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth in the lung early after infection, in contrast to the late inhibition induced by parenterally administered vaccines. Early inhibition correlates with the presence in the lung of a highly activated population of antigen-specific CD8 T cells, maintained for at least 6 months post-immunisation by persistent antigen. For intra-nasal Ad85A to be effective, the vaccine must be delivered into the lower respiratory tract, as immunisation targeting only the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) does not result in protection. Following a change of animal facility, the lung immune response to intra-dermal immunisation with Ad85A increased and this route of immunisation now induced protection, though growth of M. tuberculosis was inhibited only late after infection. However, this response and protection can be altered by exposure to environmental mycobacteria. Further experiments showed that simultaneous respiratory and parenteral immunisations (SIM) act additively, where local lung immunity inhibits the growth of M. tuberculosis early after infection and systemic immunity protects later. SIM regimes generate greatly improved protection over either immunisation alone and do not depend on priming and boosting.
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Yu-Lin, Teoh. "Programming CD8 T cell memory development and protective immunity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491759.

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In order to elicit the ideal set of memory CD8 T cells, rational vaccine design and planning for vaccination regimes require additional knowledge on factors which affect CD8 memory development. Together with the initial conditions under which priming occurs, aspects upstream of the CD8 response such as antigen processing, trafficking and presentation have the ability to influence both the development of the response as well as the type of memory population generated. The exceptional influence of these factors on the resultant CD8 T cell response has led to the concept of CD8 T cell programming, highlighting the potential to manipulate CD8 T cell memory development by simply modifying priming strategies. The work presented in this thesis examines the development of CD8 responses under different conditions of priming and antigen presentation and attempts to provide evidence of a correlation between primary response traits and the outcome of an immune response in terms of protective immunity. As the investigation of early CD8 T cell activation events is naturally impeded by the limitation of precursor frequency, studies were conducted using the F5 TCR transgenic (influenza nucleoprotein; NP) murine model in conjunction with recombinant viral vectors engineered to express the influenza nucleoprotein (NP)antigen (Chapter 3: Groundwork). Differences between primary CD8 T cell responses elicited against vaccinia virus (VV) and modified vaccinia Ankara virus (MYA) were assessed and parameters' such as the rate of activation, degree of recruitment, expansion-contraction kinetics as well as the rate of memory marker acquisition compared (Chapter 4: Vector Comparison). Although MYA was demonstrated to be less immunogenic than VV, inducing. less robust primary responses, antigen-specific CD8 T cells activated by MYA appeared to develop better effector and memory qualities. The profiles of CD8 T cell development induced by the administration of a single viral vector (VV) via two different routes were also investigated (Chapter 5: Effect of Infection Route). Systemic VV infection via Lv. resulted in the generation of CD8 responses that focused more strongly against recombinant inserted antigen than the viral vector and provided greater protection against a secondary challenge with influenza virus. Taken together, results from these chapters indicated that a larger memory population does not necessarily imply better protective immunity. Enhanced primary response traits such as speed, magnitude and degree of activation or CD8 T cell recruitment into response during priming, generally assumed to be desirable in a vaccination setting, were also found to have little correlation with degree of protection. Instead, effector function and recall capacity proved to correlate best with challenge resistance and may be useful in assessing the potential of new vaccine candidates for clinical trials. Finally, the impact of antigen and APC trafficking on CD8 responses was investigated (Chapter 6: Role of CAMs on the development of CD8 T cell responses) and cell-adhesion molecules were shown to play an important role in the initiation ofCD8 responses.
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Hicks, Alice Sophie. "Defining biomarkers of protective immunity and disease for tuberculosis." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589943.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is still a significant global public health problem. The only current vaccine, BCG, gives variable protection, especially in adults. Several new vaccines are currently in clinical trials but no correlates of protective immunity to TB have been defined. Therefore, vaccines have to go through extensive pre-clinical assessments and clinical trials. Once identified, correlates of protection could be used as early end-points during clinical trials, reducing costs and easing the assessment of a greater number of vaccine candidates. In addition, more reliable biomarkers of TB disease are required so that measuring the effects of therapeutic interventions during drug and vaccine trials is more accurate. A genome-wide microarray was utilised to identify potential correlates of protection induced post-BCG vaccination and post-M. tuberculosis challenge, and to identify biomarkers of disease in the non-human primate model of tuberculosis. Gene expression profiles generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated during past vaccine efficacy studies were analysed in two species of macaque where the outcome of infection was known. Differentially expressed genes were identified in a series of pair-wise comparisons. Post-vaccination, no genes could be identified which were indicative of a protective immune response in both species. Six weeks post-challenge, gene expression profiles generated from animals able to control TB infection revealed an up-regulation of genes related to the Th17 response whereas animals that were unable to control infection showed up-regulation of a number of iron regulatory genes. This was further investigated at post-mortem using RT-PCR to detect iron regulatory genes in conjunction with analysis of serum iron and transferrin levels. An up- regulation of genes for ferritin, transferrin receptor, SLCllAl and SLCllA2 coupled with lower serum iron levels compared with disease controllers suggests that in animals unable to control infection, iron is redirected intracellularly where it is utilised by the mycobacteria for growth. • 4 34
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Vento, Kevin Leon. "Assessment of protective immunity following mucosal vaccination with Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408031.

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Kamuyu, Gathoni. "Identifying merozoite targets of protective immunity against Plasmodium falciparum malaria." Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/51139/.

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The observation that individuals living in malaria endemic regions who are repeatedly infected with P. falciparum can acquire immunity, first to severe, then to uncomplicated clinical episodes of malaria, and finally to high parasite densities, provides hope that a vaccine is achievable. Immunoglobulins have been identified as a key component of naturally acquired immunity and identifying the targets and mechanisms by which this protection is achieved is a clear research priority. To date, only a small proportion of the parasite proteome has been evaluated in the context of naturally acquired immunity. This thesis was aimed at contributing to this knowledge gap by identifying novel potential antigen targets of protective antibodies and validating these in samples from Tanzanian adults. First, to identify merozoite antigens that were immunogenic, I resolved proteins extracted from P. falciparum merozoites by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tested these for reactivity with immunoglobulins from malaria immune adults. Immunoreactive proteins were then identified by mass-spectrometry. In complementary studies, purified P. falciparum merozoites were treated with proteolytic enzymes to release proteins localised on the surface of merozoites, which were subsequently identified by mass-spectrometry. Using stringent criteria, where I combined the data obtained from 2D-immunoblots and surface-trypsinization experiments with bioinformatics prediction (for the presence of a signal peptide and/or transmembrane domain), I narrowed down to 222 potential merozoite vaccine targets. These included known surface and/or immunogenic proteins such as the 6-cysteine proteins (Pf12, Pf38, Pf41), MSP-1, 3, 7, 9, 10, GLURP, AMA1, GAMA, MTRAP, LSA3 and RhopH3 as well as many unstudied proteins. From the set of unstudied proteins, I prioritised 27 antigens for immunoprofiling and identified 19 antigens that are targets of naturally acquired antibodies and potential novel vaccine candidates. Next, using a cohort of adults living in a village in Tanzania that experiences hyperendemic malaria transmission throughout the year, I examined antibody responses to the novel potential vaccine candidates to test whether they were correlated with protective immunity. I began by identifying a panel of antigens that were immunogenic and elicited a stable antibody response in adults. Subsequently, I identified six antigens that were individually associated with protection from clinical episodes of malaria. Individuals who became ill during the follow-up period had significantly lower levels of these antibodies compared to those who did not. These antigens were the pantothenate transporter (PfPAT), a putative amino acid transporter (PF3D7_0629500), PF3D7_0830500, PF3D7_1025300, PF3D7_1345100 and PF3D7_1401600. In addition, the breadth of antibody responses to the tested antigens was associated with protection from clinical malaria. Finally, four of these six antigens strongly correlated with protective effector functions. Antibody responses to PfPAT were strongly correlated to both the ability to fix soluble factor C1q (C1q-fixation) to merozoites as well as with their interaction with neutrophils to release reactive species (ADRB). In addition, antibody responses to the putative amino acid transporter, PF3D7_1345100 and PF3D7_1401600 were strongly associated with C1q-fixation ability. Recruitment of the soluble factor C1q onto the surface of merozoite results in lysis via the classical complement pathway. The release of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils is thought to be toxic to the intra-erythrocytic stages of the parasites and is associated with parasite clearance. This thesis shows that 19 antigens, some of which have been studied for the first time in this work, are targets of naturally acquired antibody responses. Six of these antigens appeared to be associated with protective immunity to malaria in adults and correlated strongly with immune effector mechanisms that are thought to be important for parasite clearance. These findings provide a set of antigens that warrant further evaluation for inclusion into the vaccine pre-clinical development pipeline.
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Carrillo, Martha. "Studies on protective immunity to toxocara canis in laboratory animals /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487671108307319.

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Scheckelhoff, Mark R. "Specific T cell repertoires mediate protective immunity to Histoplasma capsulatum." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1051292258.

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Bereczky, Sándor. "Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum infections : influence on protective malaria immunity /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-548-8/.

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Ali, Pirlanta Omer. "Schistosoma mansoni schistosomulum surface epitopes and their relevance to protective immunity." Thesis, Brunel University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253289.

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Books on the topic "Protective Immunity"

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Ali, Pirlanta Omer. Schistosoma mansoni: Schistosomulum surface epitopes and their relevance to protective immunity. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1988.

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Thompson, Bridget. Murine acute myeloid leukemia cells expressing the cytosine deaminase gene induce protective immunity to parental leukemic cells. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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State immunity and cultural objects on loan. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012.

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1955-, Goldman Bob, ed. Infection protection: Pandemic. Chicago, IL: American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, 2006.

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Immunitas: The protection and negation of life. Cambridge: Polity, 2011.

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Friedlander, Mark P. Winning the war within: Understanding, protecting, and building your body's immunity. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale Press, 1986.

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Vitamin E: Your protection against exercise fatigue, weakened immunity, heart disease, cancer, aging, diabetic damage, environmental toxins. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1998.

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Klatz, Ronald. Infection protection: How to fight the germs that make you sick. New York: HarperResource, 2002.

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Jha, R. C. Fundamental rights and doctrine of sovereign immunity: Reflections on the Indian Constitution for the protection of human rights. New Delhi: Sheridan Book Co., 1995.

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Candrian, Jérôme. L'immunité des États face aux droits de l'homme et à la protection des biens culturels: Immunité de juridiction des États et droits de l'homme, immunité d'exécution des États et de leurs biens culturels. Zurich: Schulthess, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Protective Immunity"

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Zhang, Guoquan, Yan Zhang, and James E. Samuel. "Components of Protective Immunity." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 91–104. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4315-1_5.

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Cornelius, Claire, Olaf Schneewind, Deborah Anderson, and Lauriane Quenee. "Protective Immunity Against Plague." In Advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology, 415–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72124-8_38.

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Khanna, Nina, and Claudia Stuehler. "T-Cell-Mediated Cross-Protective Immunity." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 295–312. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7104-6_20.

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Robbins, John B., Rachel Schneerson, and Shousun C. Szu. "Hypothesis: How Licensed Vaccines Confer Protective Immunity." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 169–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1382-1_22.

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Shahin, Roberta D., ChrisAnna Mink, Bernhard L. Wiedermann, and Bruce D. Meade. "Laboratory Correlates of Protection and Protective Immunity to Bordetella Pertussis." In Genetically Engineered Vaccines, 287–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3410-5_30.

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Milligan, Gregg N. "The Host Immune Response, Protective Immunity, and Correlates of Protection." In Vaccinology, 73–92. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118638033.ch5.

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Jarra, W. "Protective Immunity to Malaria and Anti-Erythrocyte Autoimmunity." In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 137–58. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470715444.ch9.

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Sylvestre, Patricia, Ian Justin Glomski, Evelyne Couture-Tosi, Pierre Louis Goossens, and Michèle Mock. "Spore Surface Components and Protective Immunity to Bacillus anthracis." In National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 19–23. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-569-5_3.

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Hanekom, Willem A., and Joel D. Ernst. "Maintenance of Latent Infection, with Correlates of Protective Immunity." In Handbook of Tuberculosis, 279–304. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527611614.ch28.

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Pezard, C., J. C. Sirard, and M. Mock. "Protective Immunity Induced by Bacillus anthracis Toxin Mutant Strains." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 69–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1382-1_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Protective Immunity"

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Dranoff, Glenn. "Abstract IA25: Mechanisms of protective tumor immunity." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm14-ia25.

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Dranoff, Glenn. "Abstract PL07-03: Mechanisms of protective tumor immunity." In Abstracts: AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics--Oct 19-23, 2013; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-13-pl07-03.

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Karasuyama, Hajime. "Emerging role of basophils in acquired protective immunity to tick infestation." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92922.

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Dommaschk, Anne, Nadine Ding, Lara Bittersohl, Gabriele Kirchhof, Tobias Welte, and Ulrich Maus. "Impact of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization on protective immunity againstS. pneumoniaein mice." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa5042.

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Ning, Ning, Seagal Teitz-Tennenbaum, Ji Yet, Jeffrey S. Moyer, Christophe Ginestier, Max S. Wicha, Yingxin Xu, Alfred E. Chang, and Qiao Li. "Abstract 3322: Protective antitumor immunity induced by ALDEFLUOR+ enriched cancer stem cells." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3322.

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Tanaka, Masamitsu, Pawel Mroz, Tianhong Dai, Manabu Kinoshita, Yuji Morimoto, and Michael R. Hamblin. "Photodynamic therapy can induce non-specific protective immunity against a bacterial infection." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Wei R. Chen. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.906012.

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Vaughan, Sarah E., Robert C. Layton, Andrew P. Gigliotti, Zemmie E. Pollock, Jennifer R. Plourde, Zachary S. Karim, John A. Pyles, and Kevin S. Harrod. "H5N1 Influenza Vaccine Does Not Produce Protective Immunity In BALB/c Mice." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1814.

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Saltykova, E. S., L. R. Gaifullina, A. V. Poskryakov, and A. G. Nikolenko. "INFLUENCE OF IMIDACLOPRIDE ON THE IMMUNITY OF HONEY BEES (APIS MELLIFERA L.)." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-58.

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The effect of the neonicotinoid, which is the most toxic for bees, on the components of the individual immunity of Apis mellifera L. workers, was studied. It was shown that a non-lethal dose of imidacloprid caused pathological changes in the intestine and fat body cells, the insect's reaction to its own decaying cells and tissues, aggregation, adhesion and lysis of granulocytes that removes a significant proportion of protective cells from the bloodstream, the generation of reactive oxygen species under the inhibition of phenol oxidase activity in hemocytes.
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Strawbridge, HD, Y. Lin, J. Rangel-Moreno, S. Ritchea, A. Logar, T. Randall, J. Kolls, and S. Khader. "IL-17 Is Critical for the Generation of Protective Vaccine-Induced Immunity Against Tuberculosis." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a5910.

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Bloom, Anja C., Lewis H. Bender, Ian B. Walters, Katharine T. Clark, Masaki Terabe, and Jay A. Berzofsky. "Abstract 5660: Tumor cell death caused by INT230-6 induces protective T cell immunity." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5660.

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Reports on the topic "Protective Immunity"

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Jones, Trevor R., W. R. Ballou, and Stephen L. Hoffman. Antibodies to the Circumsporozoite Protein and Protective Immunity to Malaria Sporozoites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266478.

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Lillehoj, Hyun, Dan Heller, and Mark Jenkins. Cellular and molecular identification of Eimeria Acervulina Merozoite Antigens eliciting protective immunity. United States Department of Agriculture, November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561056.bard.

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Coccidiosis, ubiquitous diseases of poultry, seriously impair the growth and feed utilization of livestock and poultry. Coccidiosis causes over $600 million annual losses world-wide and no vaccine is currently available. The goal of this study was to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling protective immune responses to coccidia parasites in order to develop immunological control strategy against coccidiosis. The major findings of this study were: 1) cell-mediated immunity plays a major role in protection against coccidiosis, 2) when different genetic lines showing different levels of disease susceptibility were compared, higher T-cell response was seen in the strains of chickens showing higher disease resistance, 3) early interferon secretion was observed in more coccidia-resistant chicken strains, 4) both sporozoite and merozoite antigens were able to induce interferon production, and 5) chicken monoclonal antibodies which detect immunogenic coccidia proteins have been developed. This study provided a good background work for future studies toward the development of recombinant coccidial vaccine. Availability of chicken monoclonal antibodies which detect immunogenic coccidia proteins will enhance our ability to identify potential coccidial vaccine antigens.
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Klinman, Dennis M. Rapid Induction of Protective Immunity Against Biothreat Agents Using CPG-Based Oligonucleotides. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417843.

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Banai, Menachem, and Gary Splitter. Molecular Characterization and Function of Brucella Immunodominant Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568100.bard.

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The BARD project was a continuation of a previous BARD funded research project. It was aimed at characterization of the 12kDa immunodominant protein and subsequently the cloning and expression of the gene in E. coli. Additional immunodominant proteins were sought among genomic B. abortus expression library clones using T-lymphocyte proliferation assay as a screening method. The 12kDa protein was identified as the L7/L12 ribosomal protein demonstrating in the first time the role a structural protein may play in the development of the host's immunity against the organism. The gene was cloned from B. abortus (USA) and B. melitensis (Israel) showing identity of the oligonucleotide sequence between the two species. Further subcloning allowed expression of the protein in E. coli. While the native protein was shown to have DTH antigenicity its recombinant analog lacked this activity. In contrast the two proteins elicited lymphocyte proliferation in experimental murine brucellosis. CD4+ cells of the Th1 subset predominantly responded to this protein demonstrating the development of protective immunity (g-IFN, and IL-2) in the host. Similar results were obtained with bovine Brucella primed lymphocytes. UvrA, GroE1 and GroEs were additional Brucella immunodominant proteins that demonstrated MHC class II antigenicity. The role cytotoxic cells are playing in the clearance of brucella cells was shown using knock out mice defective either in their CD4+ or CD8+ cells. CD4+ defective mice were able to clear brucella as fast as did normal mice. In contrast mice which were defective in their CD8+ cells could not clear the organisms effectively proving the importance of this subtype cell line in development of protective immunity. The understanding of the host's immune response and the expansion of the panel of Brucella immunodominant proteins opened new avenues in vaccine design. It is now feasible to selectively use immunodominant proteins either as subunit vaccine to fortify immunity of older animals or as diagnostic reagents for the serological survaillance.
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Baszler, Timothy, Igor Savitsky, Christopher Davies, Lauren Staska, and Varda Shkap. Identification of bovine Neospora caninum cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes for development of peptide-based vaccine. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695592.bard.

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The goal of the one-year feasibility study was to identify specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes to Neosporacaninum in the natural bovine host in order to make progress toward developing an effective peptide-based vaccine against bovine neosporosis. We tested the hypothesis that: N. caninum SRS2 peptides contain immunogenicCTLepitope clusters cross-presented by multiple bovine MHC-I and MHC-IIhaplotypes. The specific objectives were: (1) Map bovine CTLepitopes of N. caninum NcSRS-2 and identify consensus MHC-I and class-II binding motifs; and (2) Determine if subunit immunization with peptides containing N. caninum-specificCTLepitopes cross-reactive to multiple bovine MHChaplotypes induces a CTL response in cattle with disparate MHChaplotypes. Neosporosis is a major cause of infectious abortion and congenital disease in cattle, persisting in cattle herds via vertical transmission.5 N. caninum abortions are reported in Israel; a serological survey of 52 Israeli dairy herds with reported abortions indicated a 31% infection rate in cows and 16% infection rate in aborted fetuses.9,14 Broad economic loss due to bovine neosporosis is estimated at $35,000,000 per year in California, USA, and $100,000,000 (Australian) per year in Australia and New Zealand.13 Per herd losses in a Canadian herd of 50 cattle are estimated more conservatively at $2,305 (Canadian) annually.4 Up to date practical measures to reduce losses from neosporosis in cattle have not been achieved. There is no chemotherapy available and, although progress has been made toward understanding immunity to Neospora infections, no efficacious vaccine is available to limit outbreaks or prevent abortions. Vaccine development to prevent N. caninum abortion and congenital infection remains a high research priority. To this end, our research group has over the past decade: 1) Identified the importance of T-lymphocyte-mediated immunity, particularly IFN-γ responses, as necessary for immune protection to congenital neosporosis in mice,1,2,10,11 and 2) Identified MHC class II restricted CD4+ CTL in Neosporainfected Holstein cattle,16 and 3) Identified NcSRS2 as a highly conserved surface protein associated with immunity to Neospora infections in mice and cattle.7,8,15 In this BARD-funded 12 month feasibility study, we continued our study of Neospora immunity in cattle and successfully completed T-lymphocyte epitope mapping of NcSRS2 surface protein with peptides and bovine immune cells,15 fulfilling objective 1. We also documented the importance of immune responses NcSRS2 by showing that immunization with native NcSRS2 reduces congenital Neospora transmission in mice,7 and that antibodies to NcSRS2 specifically inhibition invasion of placental trophoblasts.8 Most importantly we showed that T-lymphocyte responses similar to parasite infection, namely induction of activated IFN-γ secreting Tlymphocytes, could be induced by subunit immunization with NcSRS2 peptides containing the Neospora-specificCTLepitopes (Baszler et al, In preparation) fulfilling objective 2. Both DNA and peptide-based subunit approaches were tested. Only lipopeptide-based NcSRS2 subunits, modified with N-terminal linked palmitic acid to enhance Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 (TLR2-TLR1), stimulated robust antigen-specific T-lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-γ secretion, and serum antibody production across different MHC-IIhaplotypes. The discovery of MHC-II cross-reactive T-cellinducing parasite peptides capable of inducing a potentially protective immune response following subunit immunization in cattle is of significant practical importance to vaccine development to bovine neosporosis. In addition, our findings are more widely applicable in future investigations of protective T-cell, subunit-based immunity against other infectious diseases in outbred cattle populations.
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Brayton, Kelly A., Varda Shkap, Guy H. Palmer, Wendy C. Brown, and Thea Molad. Control of Bovine Anaplasmosis: Protective Capacity of the MSP2 Allelic Repertoire. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699838.bard.

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Anaplasmosis is an arthropod-borne disease of cattle caused by the rickettsia Anaplasmamarginale and is an impediment to efficient production of healthy livestock in both Israel and the United States. Currently, the only effective vaccines are derived from the blood of infected cattle. The risk of widespread transmission of both known and newly emergent pathogens has prevented licensure of live blood-based vaccines in the U.S. and is a major concern for their continued use in Israel. Consequently, development of a safe, effective vaccine is a high priority. Despite its drawbacks as a live, blood-based vaccine, the Israel vaccine strain protects against disease upon challenge with wild-type A. marginale in extensive experimental trials and during 50 years of deployment in Israel. Field studies in Australia and Argentina indicate that this protection is broadly effective. Thus, to identify antigens for development of a safe and effective recombinant vaccine, we have used a comparative genomics approach by sequencing the Israel vaccine strain and searching for shared surface antigens with sequenced wild-type U.S. strains. We have focused on Msp2, the immune-dominant but antigenically variable surface protein, based on shared structure among strains and demonstration that antibody from cattle immunized with the Israel vaccine strain binds Msp2 from the genetically and geographically distinct U.S. St. Maries strain, consistent with the ability to protect against St. Maries challenge. Importantly, we have defined the full repertoire of Msp2 simple variants encoded by the vaccine strain and hypothesize that a recombinant vaccine encoding this full repertoire will induce protection equivalent to that induced by the live vaccine strain. Any escape from immunity by generation of complex Msp2 variants is predicted to carry a severe fitness cost that prevents high-level bacteremia and disease— consistent with the type of protection induced by the live vaccine strain. We tested the hypothesis that the Msp2 simple variant repertoires in wild-type A. marginale strains are recognized by antibody from cattle immunized with the Israel vaccine strain and that immunization with the vaccine strain Msp2 repertoire can recapitulate the protection provided by the vaccine strain upon challenge with Israel and U.S. strains of A. marginale. Our findings demonstrate that a set of conserved outer membrane proteins are recognized by immune serum from A. centrale vaccinated animals but that this set of proteins does not include Msp2. These findings suggest that “subdominant” immunogens are required for vaccine induced protection.
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Bercovier, Herve, Raul Barletta, and Shlomo Sela. Characterization and Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Secreted and Cellular Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573078.bard.

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Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular vaccine against paratuberculosis based on protein antigen(s). A prerequisite to achieve this goal is to analyze and characterize Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Mpt) secreted and cellular proteins eliciting a protective immune response. In the context of this general objective, we proposed to identify, clone, produce, and characterize: the Mpt 85B antigen and other Mpt immunoreactive secreted proteins, the Mpt L7/L12 ribosomal protein and other immunoreactive cellular proteins, Mpt protein determinants involved in invasion of epithelial cells, and Mpt protein antigens specifically expressed in macrophages. Paratuberculosis is still a very serious problem in Israel and in the USA. In the USA, a recent survey evaluated that 21.6% of the dairy herd were infected with Mpt resulting in 200-250 million dollars in annual losses. Very little is known on the virulence factors and on protective antigens of Mpt. At present, the only means of controlling this disease are culling or vaccination. The current vaccines do not allow a clear differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular paratuberculosis vaccine based on Mpt protein antigen(s) compatible with diagnostic tests. To achieve this goal it is necessary to analyze and characterize secreted and cellular proteins candidate for such a vaccine. Representative Mpt libraries (shuttle plasmid and phage) were constructed and used to study Mpt genes and gene products described below and will be made available to other research groups. In addition, two approaches were performed which did not yield the expected results. Mav or Mpt DNA genes that confer upon Msg or E. coli the ability to invade and/or survive within HEp-2 cells were not identified. Likewise, we were unable to characterize the 34-39 kDa induced secreted proteins induced by stress factors due to technical difficulties inherent to the complexity of the media needed to support substantial M. pt growth. We identified, isolated, sequenced five Mpt proteins and expressed four of them as recombinant proteins that allowed the study of their immunological properties in sensitized mice. The AphC protein, found to be up regulated by low iron environment, and the SOD protein are both involved in protecting mycobacteria against damage and killing by reactive oxygen (Sod) and nitrogen (AhpC) intermediates, the main bactericidal mechanisms of phagocytic cells. SOD and L7/L12 ribosomal proteins are structural proteins constitutively expressed. 85B and CFP20 are both secreted proteins. SOD, L7/L12, 85B and CFP20 were shown to induce a Th1 response in immunized mice whereas AphC was shown by others to have a similar activity. These proteins did not interfere with the DTH reaction of naturally infected cows. Cellular immunity provides protection in mycobacterial infections, therefore molecules inducing cellular immunity and preferentially a Th1 pathway will be the best candidate for the development of an acellular vaccine. The proteins characterized in this grant that induce a cell-mediated immunity and seem compatible with diagnostic tests, are good candidates for the construction of a future acellular vaccine.
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McElwain, Terry F., Eugene Pipano, Guy H. Palmer, Varda Shkap, Stephn A. Hines, and Wendy C. Brown. Protection of Cattle against Babesiosis: Immunization against Babesia bovis with an Optimized RAP-1/Apical Complex Construct. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573063.bard.

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Previous research and current efforts at control of babesiosis fall short of meeting the needs of countries where the disease is endemic, such as Israel, as well as the needs of exporting countries and countries bordering on endemic areas, such as the U.S. Our long-term goal is to develop improved methods of immunization against bovine babesiosis based on an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune protection and parasite targets of a protective immune response. In our previous BARD project, we established the basis for focusing on rhoptry antigens as components of a subunit vaccine against bovine babesiosis, and for additional research to better characterize rhoptry associated protein-1 (RAP-1) as a target of protective immunity. In this continuation BARD project, our objectives were to [1] optimize the immune response against RAP-1, and [2] identify additional rhoptry candidate vaccine antigens. The entire locus encoding B. bovis RAP-1 was sequenced, and the rap-1 open reading frame compared among several strains. Unlike B. bigemina, in which multiple gene copies with variant domains encode RAP-1, the B. bovis RAP-1 locus contains only two identical genes which are conserved among strains. Through testing of multiple truncated constructs of rRAP-1, one or more immunodominant T cell epitopes were mapped to the amino terminal half of RAP-1. At least one linear and one conformational B cell epitope have been demonstrated in the same amino terminal construct, which in B. bigemina RAP-1 also contains an epitope recognized by neutralizing antibody. The amine terminal half of the molecule represents the most highly conserved part of the gene family and contains motifs conserved broadly among the apicomplexa. In contrast, the carboxy terminal half of B. bovis RAP-1 is less well conserved and contains multiple repeats encoding a linear B cell epitope potentially capable of inducing an ineffective, T cell independent, type 2 immune response. Therefore, we are testing an amino terminal fragment of RAP-1 (RAP-1N) in an immunization trial in cattle. Cattle have beer immunized with RAP-1N or control antigen, and IL-12 with Ribi adjuvant. Evaluation of the immune response is ongoing, and challenge with virulent B. bovis will occur in the near future. While no new rhoptry antigens were identified, our studies did identify and characterize a new spherical body antigen (SBP3), and several heat shock proteins (HSP's). The SBP3 and HSP21 antigens stimulate T cells from immune cattle and are considered new vaccine candidates worthy of further testing. Overall, we conclude that a single RAP-1 vaccine construct representing the conserved amino terminal region of the molecule should be sufficient for immunization against all strains of B. bovis. While results of the ongoing immunization trial will direct our next research steps, results at this time are consistent with our long term goal of designing a subunit vaccine which contains only the epitopes relevant to induction of protective immunity. Parallel studies are defining the mechanisms of protective immunity. Apicomplexan protozoa, including babesiosis and malaria, cause persistent diseases for which control is inadequate. The apical organelles are defining features of these complex protozoa, and have been conserved through the evolutionary process, Past and current BARD projects on babesiosis have established the validity and potential of exploiting these conserved organelles in developing improved control methods applicable to all apicomplexan diseases.
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Knowles, Donald, and Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz. Transfected Babesia bovis expressing the anti-tick Bm86 antigen as a vaccine to limit tick infestation and protect against virulent challenge. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598160.bard.

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Bovine babesiosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasites Babesiabovisand B. bigemina, is a major tick borne disease of cattle with significant economic importance globally. The vectors of Babesia parasites are R. (Boophilus) annulatusand R. microplus. In Israel these parasites are transmitted manly by R. annulatus. The main goal of the proposal was developing and testing a novel B. bovisvaccine based on stably transfected attenuated B. bovisexpressing the anti-tick Bm86 antigen. This required generating a transfected- attenuated B. bovisparasite containing a bidirectional promoter expressing both, the gfp- bsd selectable marker and the tick vaccine antigen Bm86. The vaccine was tested for its ability to elicit protective immune responses against T. annulatusticks. Efficient control of babesiosis is based on a complex scheme of integrated management, including preventive immunization, anti-babesial chemotherapy and control of tick populations. Live vaccines based on attenuated parasites are the most effective measure to control babesiosis, and are currently used in several countries, including Israel. Live attenuated parasites lead to a chronic infection and development of strong and long term immunity in vaccinated cattle. Still, live vaccines have several limitations, including the difficulty to distinguish among vaccinated and naturally infected cattle and potential for sporadic outbreaks in vaccinated animals. Tick limitation is essential to control babesiosis but the main measure to reduce tick infestation is traditionally approached using acaricides, which is limited by environmental concerns and the development of resistance by the ticks. Alternative tick-control measures including the use of anti-tick vaccines are emerging, and at least partial protective immunity has been achieved against tick vectors by vaccination with recombinant protective tick antigens (ie: Bm86). In addition, the Babesia vaccine development toolbox has been recently expanded with the development of transfection technology in Babesia parasites. In this approved proposal we successfully developed a Babesia live attenuated transfected vaccine, which is able to express a B. bovisMSA-1 signal-Bm86 chimera and eGFP genes under the control of the B. bovisef- 1 and actin promoters respectively. Genetic analysis demonstrated specific stable integration of the transfected genes in the expected ef-1 locus, and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed expression of Bm86 in the surface of transfected parasites. When applied to splenectomized calves, the transfected parasites were able to cause persistent B. bovisinfection with production of antibodies reactive with Bm86 for at least six months. In addition, partial protection against ticks was also observed upon challenging the vaccinated animals with R. annulatuslarvae. However, when used on intact calves, the vaccine failed to elicit detectable immune responses against Bm86, and we are still in the process of interpreting the data and make necessary changes in our experimental approaches. Overall, the results obtained here represent a step forward towards the development of integrated vaccines against both ticks and tick –borne pathogens, using the Babesia attenuated parasites as a platform to the delivery of exogenous protective antigens
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DeMartini, James C., Abraham Yaniv, Jonathan O. Carlson, Arnona Gazit, Leonard E. Pearson, Kalman Perk, J. K. Young, Noam Safran, and A. Friedman. Evaluation of Naked Proviral DNA as a Vaccine for Ovine Lentivirus Infection. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570553.bard.

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Ovine lentivirus (OvLV) infection is widespread in sheep of the United States and Israel and is responsible for substantial economic losses. The primary goal of this project was to evaluate naked proviral DNA as a vaccine to induce protective immunity in sheep in endemic areas. Contrary to expectations, inoculation of sheep with proviral DNA derived from the full length OvLV molecular clone pkv72 did not result in detectable OvLV infection, but infectious virus was recovered from transfected ovine cells. Kv72 virus produced by these cells infected sheep and induced antibody responses, and was used as a viral challenge in subsequent experiments. To improve in vivo transfection efficiency and compare the viral LTR with other romoters, expression of reporter genes was studied in sheep transfected in vivo by injection of cationic liposome-DNA complexes; one formulation produced gene expression in a sheep for 4 months following a single intravenous injection. Since the pol-deleted OvLV construct was not stable in vivo, twelve lambs were injected with plasmids containing the Kv72 gag region (pCMVgag) or env region (pCMVenv), or saline. Prior to challenge, no detectable anti-OvLV immune responses were detected. Following homologous challenge with OvLV. Although the naked DNA approach to vaccination holds promise for control of ovine lentivirus-induced disease, further work needs to be done to develop more effective methods of transfecting sheep with DNA.
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