Journal articles on the topic 'Protective health behaviours'
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Amankwah-Poku, Margaret. "COVID-19-related health behaviour changes among Ghanaians: applying the health belief model." Second Edition in 2020 of the HSI Journal Volume 1 Issue 2 Publication 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46829/hsijournal.2020.12.1.2.135-138.
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Although the Coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19)is a physical illness, it very much requires behavioural practices to prevent its infection and transmission. Coronavirus protective measures may sound simple to adhere to compared to chronic disease-related behavioural practices, but this is not the case. Understanding adherence to COVID-19-related health behaviours using the health belief model as an explanatory model, can help to design interventions for change and maintenance of this change. The health belief model posits that, practicing a health behaviour depends on the individual’s perceived susceptibility to a disease, his/her perceived severity of the disease, and the perceived benefits/cost of engaging in the health behaviour, all of which are prompted by internal and external cues to action. Some Ghanaians may believe they are not susceptible to the disease or may downplay the severity of the disease, and thus will be less likely to engage in the health behaviours to avoid COVID-19 infection. Again, if Ghanaians believe the cost of engaging in these behaviours outweigh the health benefits of adhering to the behaviours, then they are less likely to follow these health behaviours. Finally, internal (e.g. experiencing COVID-19 symptoms) and external (e.g. daily COVID-19 updates) cues may act as triggers to engaging in health behaviours. Ghanaians should be well educated about the coronavirus and well informed, to be equipped to adhere to the COVID-19 protective measures. Clinical and health psychologists should be engaged to champion behaviour change practices.
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Amankwah-Poku, Margaret. "COVID-19-related health behaviour changes among Ghanaians: applying the health belief model." Second Edition in 2020 of the HSI Journal Volume 1 Issue 2 Publication 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46829/hsijournal.2020.12.1.2.135-138.
Full textAbstract:
Although the Coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19)is a physical illness, it very much requires behavioural practices to prevent its infection and transmission. Coronavirus protective measures may sound simple to adhere to compared to chronic disease-related behavioural practices, but this is not the case. Understanding adherence to COVID-19-related health behaviours using the health belief model as an explanatory model, can help to design interventions for change and maintenance of this change. The health belief model posits that, practicing a health behaviour depends on the individual’s perceived susceptibility to a disease, his/her perceived severity of the disease, and the perceived benefits/cost of engaging in the health behaviour, all of which are prompted by internal and external cues to action. Some Ghanaians may believe they are not susceptible to the disease or may downplay the severity of the disease, and thus will be less likely to engage in the health behaviours to avoid COVID-19 infection. Again, if Ghanaians believe the cost of engaging in these behaviours outweigh the health benefits of adhering to the behaviours, then they are less likely to follow these health behaviours. Finally, internal (e.g. experiencing COVID-19 symptoms) and external (e.g. daily COVID-19 updates) cues may act as triggers to engaging in health behaviours. Ghanaians should be well educated about the coronavirus and well informed, to be equipped to adhere to the COVID-19 protective measures. Clinical and health psychologists should be engaged to champion behaviour change practices.
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Mikucka, Malgorzata, and Radoslaw Antczak. "Role of individual characteristics and national distancing policies for COVID-19 protective behaviour among older adults: a cross-sectional study of 27 European countries." BMJ Open 13, no. 2 (February 2023): e060291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060291.
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ObjectiveEvidence on how individual characteristics and distancing policies during the first wave of COVID-19 together influenced health behaviours is scarce. The objective of this study is to fill in this gap by studying how the propensity to engage in protective behaviours in Europe was shaped by the interplay of individual characteristics and national policies.DesignData on individual behaviour in 27 countries came from the ‘Corona Survey’ module of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, collected in summer 2020. As outcomes, we considered avoidant behaviours (never leaving home, reducing frequency of walks and reducing frequency of social meetings) and preventive behaviour (wearing a face mask). Among relevant policies, we considered stay-at-home restrictions, mask wearing policies and gathering restrictions. Individual characteristics comprised gender, health risk of COVID-19 (older age and poor health) and activity (employment and providing help to other households).ParticipantsNationally representative samples of older adults (50 years and over), n=51 540 respondents (58% of women).ResultsActive people (employed and helping other households) were more likely to wear face masks but less likely to use avoidant behaviours. People at health risk (older people and those in poor health) were more likely to use all types of protective behaviours. Protective behaviours were also more frequent among women than among men. Longer duration of distancing polices correlated with more frequent protective behaviours. Distancing policies reduced social differences in the rate of protective behaviours only in case of social meetings and mask wearing.ConclusionsProtective behaviours responded to distancing policies, but our results suggest that people used them voluntarily, especially if they were at health risk.
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Gera, Taruna. "Spirituality as Protective Factor of Health Risk Behaviors among Adolescents." Mind and Society 11, no. 02 (June 30, 2022): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56011/mind-mri-112-20229.
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Health behaviours are the behaviours that are practised by people for the enhancement and maintenance of their health. These behaviours are common in all age groups, but adolescence, as the most vulnerable age, has a higher proclivity to engage in risky behavior. Among the protective factors, increasing research in the area documents that spirituality and spiritual practises serve as the protective agent for health-risk behaviors. The present study makes an attempt to explore spirituality as a protective factor against health-risk behaviours among adolescents. The study aims to see the relationship between the two facets of spirituality, namely, spiritual intelligence and spiritual personality, with respect to health risk behaviours among adolescents. The sample comprised of 600 adolescents from various colleges and universities in the state of Haryana, India. The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI) by King (2008), the Spiritual Personality Inventory by Husain et al. (2012), and the Revised Health Risk Behavior Inventory by Irish (2012) were used. The descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product moment coefficient of correlation were applied to explore the relationship among the variables, and simple linear correlation was applied to look for the effect size of the variables. The study’s findings show a significant negative correlation between spirituality and health risk behavior, and spiritual intelligence and spiritual personality both appear to be significant protective factors against health risk behaviours in adolescents. The findings suggest the cultivation and nurturance of spiritual beliefs and spiritual practises in individuals right from the early age of life span for the prevention of health risk behaviours during adolescence.
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Singh Solorzano, Claudio, Maria Serena Panasiti, Alessandra Di Pucchio, and Caterina Grano. "The Impact of Positivity and Parochial Altruism on Protective Behaviours during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 10153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610153.
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Implementation of COVID-19 protective behaviours, such as social distancing or frequent hand washing during the lockdown, was critical to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the effect of positivity and parochial altruism on implementing COVID-19 health-protective behaviours during the Italian lockdown. A sample of 460 participants completed an online questionnaire that included demographic measures, Positivity Scale and COVID-19 measures of health-protective behaviours. To measure parochial altruism, we used a hypothetical dictator game played with others who could vary in their social distance from the participants. Results showed that participants in the hypothetical game gave more money to parents and siblings than to best friends, cousins, neighbours, and strangers. Furthermore, both positivity and parochial altruism (more altruism toward close vs. distant people) were positively associated with implementing hygiene behaviours but not with social distancing. Finally, mediation analysis showed that increases in parochial altruism mediated the effect of positivity on hygiene behaviour. These findings extend knowledge about the factors beyond the implementation of COVID-19 health-protective behaviours during a lockdown situation.
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Quin, Daniel. "Levels of problem behaviours and risk and protective factors In suspended and non-suspended students." Educational and Developmental Psychologist 36, no. 01 (May 24, 2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2019.4.
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External suspension from school is a common disciplinary practice in traditionally English-speaking countries. Few studies have sought student perceptions of school suspension, as well as measures of problem behaviours and emotional problems, and known factors that influence the development of antisocial behaviour, to examine associations between these variables. Three hundred and four adolescents, aged 12–17 years, from five schools in southern Australia completed a self-report questionnaire that asked about behavioural and mental health problems, and risk and protective factors known to be associated with suspension. Seventy-four of the participants had been previously suspended from school at least once. Having been previously suspended was associated with a greater level of problem behaviours and emotions, poor family management, low school commitment, reduced supportive teacher relationships, and interactions with antisocial peers. School suspension appears likely to be applied to students who lack the ability to self-regulate their behaviours and emotional problems in the classroom. By excluding students from school, pre-existing behavioural problems may be exacerbated by diminishing school protective factors and increasing exposure to known risk factors. Adolescents most at risk of being suspended would benefit from alternative school behaviour management policies and procedures that maintain the school as a protective factor.
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Trenerry, Camilla, Chloe Fletcher, Carlene Wilson, and Kate Gunn. "“She’ll Be Right, Mate”: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Skin Cancer Prevention Practices among Australian Farmers—An At-Risk Group." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 2940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052940.
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This study examined Australian farmers’ engagement with skin cancer prevention behaviours and explored what made it hard for them to be ‘SunSmart’ (barriers), and what could be done to make prevention easier (facilitators). In total, 498 farmers (83.1% male, 22–89 years, 50.8% grain, sheep, or cattle farmers) participated. The least frequently performed SunSmart behaviours (reported as never practiced during summer) were using SPF 30+ sunscreen (16.6%), wearing protective sunglasses (10.5%), and wearing protective clothing (8.6%). Greater engagement (i.e., higher scores on scale from Never to Always) with SunSmart behaviours was explained by gender (female), educational attainment (trade or technical college certificate vs. high school), personal skin cancer history, and skin sun sensitivity. Barriers reported by farmers related to personal preferences (e.g., short-sleeved rather than long-sleeved clothing), comfort, and perceived impracticality of sun protection. Farmers’ solutions included making protective clothing and sunscreen more appropriate for farm work (e.g., by making clothing more breathable). A personal health scare was the most reported motivation for skin cancer prevention. Findings highlight the need for increased access to sun-protective clothing and sunscreen that is suitable for wearing when working on farms, complemented by culturally appropriate health education messaging, to encourage more farmers to perform SunSmart behaviours.
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Azeredo, Catarina Machado, Leandro Fornias Machado de Rezende, Daniela Silva Canella, Rafael Moreira Claro, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro, Olinda do Carmo Luiz, and Renata Bertazzi Levy. "Dietary intake of Brazilian adolescents." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 7 (August 4, 2014): 1215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014001463.
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AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the dietary intake of Brazilian adolescents and investigate its association with sociodemographic factors as well as health-risk and health-protective behaviours.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe study was based on data supplied by the National Survey of Schoolchildren’s Health (2012) on sociodemographic factors, dietary intake and health-risk and health-protective behaviours of schoolchildren in Brazil. A nutritional scale was elaborated combining markers of healthy and unhealthy diets. Poisson regression analysis was applied to investigate the association between the sociodemographic factors and regular intake (≥5 times/week) of selected foods; linear regression analysis was applied to investigate the association of sociodemographic and behavioural factors with nutritional scale score.SubjectsA total of 109 104 adolescents attending the ninth year of education at 2842 schools in Brazil.ResultsFewer than 30 % of the adolescents consumed raw or cooked vegetables on a regular basis, whereas more than one-third reported regular intake of sweets, soft drinks and sweet biscuits. Adolescents from the southern area and the oldest ones were those most exposed to inadequate dietary intake. The nutritional scale average score was higher in the students attending public school and exhibited a positive correlation with protective behaviours, such as being physically active, having meals with parents and eating breakfast, and a negative correlation with risk behaviours such as eating while studying or watching television and having smoked, drunk alcohol or used other drugs in the previous 30 d.ConclusionsThe results indicate an association between undesirable nutritional habits and other risk behaviours among Brazilian adolescents.
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Schaner, Simone, Natalie Theys, Marco Angrisani, Joyita Banerjee, Pranali Yogiraj Khobragade, Sarah Petrosyan, Arunika Agarwal, et al. "Adherence to COVID-19 protective behaviours in India from May to December 2020: evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal survey." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e058065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058065.
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ObjectivesSince the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, behavioural interventions to reduce disease transmission have been central to public health policy worldwide. Sustaining individual protective behaviour is especially important in low-income and middle-income settings, where health systems have fewer resources and access to vaccination is limited. This study seeks to assess time trends in COVID-19 protective behaviour in India.DesignNationally representative, panel-based, longitudinal study.SettingWe conducted a panel survey of Indian households to understand how the adoption of COVID-19 protective behaviours has changed over time. Our data span peaks and valleys of disease transmission over May–December 2020.ParticipantsRespondents included 3719 adults from 1766 Indian households enrolled in the Harmonised Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India.AnalysisWe used ordinary least squares regression analysis to quantify time trends in protective behaviours.ResultsWe find a 30.6 percentage point (95% CI (26.7 to 34.5); p<0.01) decline in protective behaviours related to social distancing over the observation period. Mask wearing and handwashing, in contrast, decreased by only 4.3 percentage points (95% CI (0.97 to 7.6); p<0.05) from a high base. Our conclusions are unchanged after adjusting for recorded COVID-19 caseload and nationwide COVID-19 containment policy; we also observe significant declines across socioeconomic strata spanning age, gender, education and urbanicity.ConclusionWe argue that these changes reflect, at least in part, ‘COVID-19 fatigue,’ where adherence to social distancing becomes more difficult over time irrespective of the surrounding disease environment.
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Rose, Jocelyn. "Protective Behaviours: safety, confidence and self‐esteem." Journal of Public Mental Health 3, no. 1 (March 2004): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17465729200400004.
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Mya, Kyaw S., Aye S. M., Win A. Hlaing, Su S. Hlaing, Thida Aung, Swe M. M. Lwin, Ei S. U., Thandar Tun, Kyawt S. Lwin, and Hla H. Win. "Awareness, perceived risk and protective behaviours of Myanmar adults on COVID-19." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201530.
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Background: COVID-19 was originated from Wuhan city, China in December 2019 and spread very fast to all over the world. This study was carried out to assess the awareness, perceived risk and protective behaviours of Myanmar adults on COVID-19.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted using face to face interview method among 597 adults from Yangon and Bago regions. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to determine the factors influencing on practicing protective behaviours and the results were described by adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: Almost all, 584 (98%) of 597 respondents, have heard about COVID-19. Among those 584 respondents, 87% had low knowledge level. Risk perception level towards COVID-19 was moderate to high. Regarding perception to information in social media, about 36% of the respondents agreed on sharing news from social media without verifying the sources. Only 22% reported good protective behaviours. Multivariable analysis revealed that knowledge score (aOR=1.19, 95% CI- 1.08-1.30) was significantly and positively influenced the protective behaviours. The odds of protective behaviour of participants from Ayeyarwaddy (aOR=0.41, 95% CI- 0.19-0.91) and other states and regions (aOR=0.49, 95% CI- 0.24-0.99) were significantly less than those of participants from Yangon.Conclusions: The study concluded that community has no enough knowledge and inadequate protective behaviours to prevent COVID-19. The awareness raising activities and mass media health education should urgently be conducted focusing on hand washing, cough etiquette, social distancing behaviours and responsibility to inform suspected cases to local health authority to prevent COVID-19. Further research using nationally represented sample are warranted.
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Koźlarek, Marietta, Natalia Błaszczyk, Magdalena Grajek, and Sylwia Jaskulska. "Preventive Health Behaviours among Adolescents and Their Parents during the COVID-19 Outbreak in the Light of the Health Beliefs Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 17060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417060.
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This article analysed the relationship between the preventive health behaviours of parents and teenagers during the COVID-19 outbreak, taking the Health Beliefs Model (HBM) as a point of reference. We assumed that parents’ behaviours may be a cue to action for adolescents, looking at their preventive health behaviours regarding vaccination against COVID-19, as well as vaccination intention (among unvaccinated people); wearing protective masks where it is compulsory and where it is not obligatory; and maintaining physical distance and disinfecting hands in public places. The collected data were statistically analysed using the Statistica version 13.3 software package for advanced statistical data analysis. Descriptive statistics and correlation for non-parametric data (Spearman’s correlation) were used. Research on a sample of 201 parents and their children revealed that young people engage in preventive behaviour less frequently than parents, but that the likelihood of such behaviour increases if they have a parent’s cue to action. When formulating recommendations, we considered the gender of the surveyed parents, as the questionnaire was mainly completed by women, which may be an indicator of the unequal involvement in addressing the topic of the pandemic and preventive health behaviours, including attitudes towards vaccines.
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Odimegwu, Clifford, Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun, and Vesper H. Chisumpa. "REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN POSITIVE SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG YOUTH IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." Journal of Biosocial Science 51, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 254–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193201800010x.
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SummaryThe question of youth sexual behaviour has been widely debated, with researchers such as Berhan and Berhan (2015) arguing that young adults aged 15–24 are more likely to engage in risky behaviours. However, research has not adequately addressed the issue of positive sexual behaviours, in particular among young people in sub-Saharan Africa. Adapting the compensatory model of risk and resiliency theory, this study examined the determinants of positive sexual behaviours among youth in sub-Saharan Africa. Using recent data from Demographic and Health Surveys of sixteen countries representative of each African region (East, West, Southern and Central), it was hypothesized that positive sexual behaviours of youth (condom use at last sex and single sexual partnership) would be most strengthened by protective factors at the individual and family levels, and that these behaviours would differ by region due to regional variation in socio-cultural practices. Delayed age at sexual debut (first sex after the age of 15) was found to be the strongest protective factor for positive sexual behaviours among males and females in sub-Saharan Africa. Certain socioeconomic variables were found to be positively associated with positive sexual behaviours and the associations differed by gender.
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Hart, Jacqui A., and Gail Kinman. "An examination of the relationships between trait emotional intelligence and health behaviour." Health Psychology Update 17, no. 2 (2008): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpu.2008.17.2.3.
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Despite evidence to suggest that emotional intelligence (EI) might be a factor in predicting health-related behaviour, this study appears to be the first to systematically examine inter-relationships between these variables. Participants (N=139, 70 per cent female) completed the multidimensional Trait Meta-Mood Scale (Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey & Palfai, 1995), measuring tendency to attend to (Attention), understand (Clarity) and regulate (Repair) emotions. Positive and negative health behaviours were measured with a 20-item Health Behaviour Checklist (Amir, 1987; Prohaska, Leventhal, Leventhal & Keller, 1985). Significant relationships were found between total EI (r=.20, p<.05), clarity (r=.19, p<.05) and repair (r=.22, p<.01) and positive health behaviours suggesting that individuals higher in EI are more likely to engage in protective health behaviour. No significant relationships were observed between any of the three dimensions of EI and negative health behaviours. The findings of this study suggest that the development of emotional intelligence should be an intrinsic aspect of health promotion strategies.
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Chawłowska, Ewelina, Rafał Staszewski, Agnieszka Zawiejska, Bogusz Giernaś, and Jan Domaradzki. "Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Health Behaviours and the Literacy of Future Healthcare Professionals." Healthcare 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): 1723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091723.
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Our everyday behaviours in life can positively and negatively impact our health, thus cumulatively shaping our lifestyles as more or less healthy. These behaviours are often determined by our knowledge, literacy, motivations and socioeconomic backgrounds. The authors aimed to assess health behaviours and explore variables that may affect persons studying to become future healthcare professionals in Poland. This study was conducted with a group of 275 undergraduate students attending the Poznan University of Medical Sciences representing six different majors of study. We used self-reported, cross-sectional survey conducted through the use of a questionnaire that consisted of one standardised scale (Juczyński’s Health Behaviour Inventory) as well as a self-developed health literacy measure. The students showed average to high levels of health-promoting behaviours (mean HBI = 82.04 ± 11.26). Medium to strong associations were found between these behaviours and high scores on the health literacy scale (p = 0.001, r = 0.45 between total scores of the two scales). Dietetics students and female respondents scored significantly better on both scales, which suggests that their self-reported behaviours and health literacy were higher than those of other participants. Exhibiting health-protective behaviours and high health literacy is likely to result in the better individual health of our respondents, but, more importantly, will also influence their future professions. As members of the healthcare workforce they will be responsible for the health of the population and it is crucial for them not only to provide care, education, and guidance, but also to act as role-models for their patients and society.
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Langevin, Stephanie, Sara Mascheretti, Sylvana M. Côté, Frank Vitaro, Michel Boivin, Gustavo Turecki, Richard E. Tremblay, and Isabelle Ouellet-Morin. "Cumulative risk and protection effect of serotonergic genes on male antisocial behaviour: results from a prospective cohort assessed in adolescence and early adulthood." British Journal of Psychiatry 214, no. 3 (November 26, 2018): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.251.
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BackgroundHeritability of antisocial behaviour is estimated at approximately 50% and involves multiple genes.AimsTo investigate the cumulative genetic effects of 116 single nucleotide polymorphisms mapping to 11 candidate serotonergic genes and antisocial behaviours, in adolescence and in early adulthood.MethodParticipants were 410 male members of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children, a population-based cohort followed up prospectively from age 6 to age 23. The serotonergic genes were selected based on known physiological processes and prior associations with antisocial behaviours. Antisocial behaviours were self-reported and assessed by using semi-structured interviews in adolescence and in adulthood.ResultsCumulative, haplotype-based contributions of serotonergic genes conferring risk and protection for antisocial behaviours were detected by using multilocus genetic profile risk scores (MGPRSs) and multilocus genetic profile protection scores (MGPPSs). Cumulatively, haplotype-based MGPRSs and MGPPSs contributed to 9.6, 8.5 and 15.2% of the variance in general delinquency in adolescence, property/violent crimes in early adulthood and physical partner violence in early adulthood, respectively.ConclusionsThis study extends previous research by showing a cumulative effect of multiple haplotypes conferring risk and protection to antisocial behaviours in adolescence and early adulthood. The findings further support the relevance of concomitantly considering multiple serotonergic polymorphisms to better understand the genetic aetiology of antisocial behaviours. Future studies should investigate the interplay between risk and protective haplotype-based multilocus genetic profile scores with the environment.Declaration of interest:I.O.-M. holds a Canada Research Chair in the developmental origins of vulnerability and resilience.
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Burleigh, Tyrone L., Mark D. Griffiths, Alexander Sumich, Grace Y. Wang, Vasileios Stavropoulos, Lee Kannis-Dymand, and Daria J. Kuss. "Co-Occurrence of Gaming Disorder and Other Potentially Addictive Behaviours between Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 16078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316078.
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Background: Evidence suggests that gamers can have varying experiences of disordered gaming behaviours due to coping mechanisms and how they can act as risk or protective factor in the development and/or maintenance of disordered behaviours. A particular area of interest is how this may manifest across different countries. Understanding the interplay of these potential risk and protective factors within different countries will aid identifying and preventing disordered behaviours. Methods: Three cohorts were recruited from Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Each cohort was required to complete a battery of psychometric scales exploring problematic behaviours, problematic substance use, co-occurrence, coping styles, and personality. A latent profile analysis was conducted to examine the differences between cohorts and further investigated with additional analyses. Results: The findings suggested that a minority of gamers were affected by gaming disorder, and there appeared an at-risk cohort who utilise gaming as a maladaptive coping strategy. Other accompanying potentially addictive behaviour or substance use may be exacerbated as a result, the manifestation of which can be influenced by cultural elements. Conclusions: When considering gamers from countries which hold similar views, it is important to be cognisant of the variations found in the manifestations of disordered gaming and accompanying potentially addictive behaviours. This will allow for a more precise identification of at-risk behaviours, which will result in more favourable treatment outcomes for those who are considered at-risk or high-risk individuals.
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Morton, Katherine, Lauren Towler, Julia Groot, Sascha Miller, Ben Ainsworth, James Denison-Day, Cathy Rice, et al. "Infection control in the home: a qualitative study exploring perceptions and experiences of adhering to protective behaviours in the home during the COVID-19 pandemic." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (November 2021): e056161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056161.
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ObjectivesWe sought to explore people’s experiences and perceptions of implementing infection control behaviours in the home during the COVID-19 pandemic, guided by an online behavioural intervention.DesignInductive qualitative study.SettingUK public during the COVID-19 pandemic.ParticipantsThirteen people took part in telephone interviews, and 124 completed a qualitative open-text survey. All were recruited from the public. Most survey participants were aged over 60 years, while interview participants were more distributed in age. Most reported being at increased risk from COVID-19, and were white British.InterventionOnline behavioural intervention to support infection control behaviours in the home during the COVID-19 pandemic.Data collectionTelephone think-aloud interviews and qualitative survey data.Data analysisThe think-aloud interview data and qualitative survey data were analysed independently using inductive thematic analysis. The findings were subsequently triangulated.ResultsThematic analysis of the telephone interviews generated seven themes: perceived risk; belief in the effectiveness of protective behaviours; acceptability of distancing and isolation; having capacity to perform the behaviours; habit forming reduces effort; having the confidence to perform the behaviours; and social norms affect motivation to engage in the behaviours. The themes identified from the survey data mapped well onto the interview analysis. Isolating and social distancing at home were less acceptable than cleaning and handwashing, influenced by the need for intimacy with household members. This was especially true in the absence of symptoms and when perceived risk was low. People felt more empowered when they understood that even small changes, such as spending some time apart, were worthwhile to reduce exposure and lessen viral load.ConclusionsThe current study provided valuable insight into the acceptability and feasibility of protective behaviours, and how public health guidance could be incorporated into a behaviour change intervention for the public during a pandemic.
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Spitzer, Sonja, Mujaheed Shaikh, and Daniela Weber. "Older Europeans’ health perception and their adaptive behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic." European Journal of Public Health 32, no. 2 (January 3, 2022): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab221.
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Abstract Background Although older adults are more vulnerable to the COVID-19 virus, a significant proportion of them do not follow recommended guidelines concerning preventive actions during the ongoing pandemic. This article analyses the role of biased health beliefs for adaptive health behaviour such as reduced mobility, protection in public spaces and hygiene measures, for the population aged 50 and older in 13 European countries. Methods Health perception is measured based on the difference between self-reported health and physical performance tests for over 24 000 individuals included in the most recent Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Logistic regressions are employed to explore how over- and underestimating health are related to preventive behaviours. Results Results suggest that older adults who underestimate their health are more likely to show adaptive behaviour related to mobility reductions. In particular, they are more likely to stay at home, shop less and go for walks less often. In contrast, overestimating health is not significantly associated with reduced mobility. Protective behaviour in public spaces and adopting hygiene measures do not vary systematically between health perception groups. Conclusion As health beliefs appear relevant for the adoption of preventive health behaviours related to mobility, they have serious consequences for the health and well-being of older Europeans. Although adaptive behaviour helps to contain the virus, exaggerated mobility reduction in those who underestimate their health might be contributing to the already high social isolation and loneliness of older adults during the ongoing pandemic.
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Rupert, Douglas J., Jon A. Poehlman, Scott A. Damon, and Peyton N. Williams. "Risk and protective behaviours for residential carbon monoxide poisoning." Injury Prevention 19, no. 2 (May 31, 2012): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040339.
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Tintori, Antonio, Giulia Ciancimino, Giorgio Giovanelli, and Loredana Cerbara. "Bullying and Cyberbullying among Italian Adolescents: The Influence of Psychosocial Factors on Violent Behaviours." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041558.
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Background: The study of adolescents’ behaviours and attitudes is crucial to define interventions for the containment of deviance and social discomfort. New ways of social interaction are crystallising violent behaviours which are moving more than ever on a virtual sphere. Bullying and cyberbullying share a common behavioural matrix that has been outlined through specific environmental and individual characteristics. Methods: A survey carried out in Italy in 2019 on a statistical sample of 3273 students highlighted the influence of several social and individual variables on deviant phenomena. Risk and protective factors in relation to the probability of involvement in bullying and cyberbullying have been shown through a bivariate analysis and a binary logistic regression model. Results: The study shows that presence of stereotypes and social prejudices, tolerance to violence and high levels of self-esteem have resulted as the main risk factors. On the other hand, low levels of tolerance related to the consumption of alcohol and drugs, high levels of trust towards family and friends and being female have been identified as protective factors. Conclusions: This research confirms the validity of several theories on bullying and cyberbullying phenomena. Furthermore, it identifies specific risk and protective factors and their influence on deviant behaviours, with a focus on environmental characteristics which appear as the key field of work to enhance adolescents’ well-being.
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Roffey, Sue. "Building a case for whole-child, whole-school wellbeing in challenging contexts." Educational and Child Psychology 33, no. 2 (June 2016): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2016.33.2.30.
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There is a sometimes a mismatch between the public outcry and sympathy for the adversities children and young people experience, concerns about deteriorating mental health, and what happens in schools when children present with challenging behaviours. This review and discussion paper builds a case for actively promoting protective factors when behaviour is challenging, so that school experiences do not mirror or embed negative life experiences for vulnerable pupils, in effect handing them a ‘double whammy’. The first section provides information on diverse adversities that children in the UK may be experiencing and the impact of these on mental health, learning and behaviour. The second summarises research on resilience and the protective factors that counter the impact of adversity, especially within the school context. The third explores a range of paradigms in addressing challenging behaviours and ways in which these might provide opportunities for enhancing resilience.Throughout the paper the role of the educational psychologist is addressed, looking at what is already being done to support vulnerable young people, their teachers and families. The final section considers how this role might be expanded to incorporate promotion of a pro-active, universal, wellbeing framework in education for both mental health and behaviour.
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Mc Carthy, Vera J. C., Ivan J. Perry, Janas M. Harrington, and Birgit A. Greiner. "Co-occurrence of protective health behaviours and perceived psychosocial job characteristics." Preventive Medicine Reports 2 (2015): 812–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.09.012.
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Mashegoane, S., and M. Makhubela. "Examining religiosity and spirituality concepts and their protective role in health risk behaviour: testing for mutual mediation." Theologia Viatorum 40, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/tv.v40i2.12.
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This study sought to establish the conceptual relationship between intrinsic religiosity and spirituality by evaluating their capacity to mediate one another. Analysis was done using a cross-sectional data provided by university students (N = 333) from the Limpopo Province, South Africa. SEM analysis was used to test two hypothesised mediation models: 1) in which intrinsic religiosity was hypothesized to influence health risk behaviours in paths mediated by spirituality (religious well-being and existential well-being), and 2) in which spirituality (religious well-being and existential wellbeing) was hypothesized to influence health risk behaviours in paths mediated by intrinsic religiosity. Intrinsic religiosity failed to mediate the association between health risk behaviours and spirituality, and spirituality also failed to mediate the association between intrinsic religiosity and health risk behaviours. Nevertheless, there were direct relations between the religiosity/spirituality variables and most of the health risk behaviours measured in this study. Results showed that intrinsic religiosity and spirituality dimensions are independent constructs in this particular sample, since they failed to mediate each other. Our results support the putative bifurcation of the two constructs in the literature and findings of distinct independent roles they have on health.
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Łukasik, Izabela Maria. "Changing health behaviours in the shadow of the pandemic." Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 606, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7166.
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The time when a person feels insecure about their fate, forced to keep a social distance, wear protective masks, subject to quarantine as a result of contact with a person infected with the COVID-19 virus, is characterized by the need to focus on health. The aim of the study is to see to what extent the current pandemic situation triggers health awareness, causing the need to change health behaviours. The study involved 26 students who were asked about their health-related behaviours. The statements have been analysed and the information obtained explains the research problem. Few of the students indicated a change in health behaviour. The majority declared such a need, indicating their intention to make such a change, especially in the circumstances of the epidemiological situation. Particular attention was paid to the need to introduce a proper diet and physical activity, as well as to deal with stress. They pointed out that life skills are helpful in these efforts, especially such as interpersonal communication, decision-making skills, critical thinking, self-management, coping with stress, emotions, time management. It becomes important to familiarize students with models of changing health behaviours, especially since the declared intention to make changes is not binding. Recognizing the process of change, based on intention, allows for more effective action.
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Salali, Gul Deniz, Mete Sefa Uysal, and Abi Bevan. "Adaptive function and correlates of anxiety during a pandemic." Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoab037.
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Abstract Background and objectives Most studies to date have focused on the negative aspects of anxiety. Anxiety, however, is an evolved emotional response that can provide protection in the face of risk. Pandemics are characterized by increased mortality risk coupled with future uncertainties, which both cause heightened anxiety. Here, we examine the factors associated with anxiety levels and risk avoidance behaviours during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We asked how individual time perspectives (future-oriented consideration and attention to present moment experience) affect anxiety in uncertain times, and whether anxiety reduces mortality risk by promoting risk avoidance behaviour. Methodology We conducted an online survey in the UK (N = 1088) and Turkey (N = 3935) and measured participants’ generalized and pandemic-related anxiety levels, future-oriented consideration, mindfulness, intolerance of uncertainty, risk perception and risk avoidance behaviours. Results We found that people less tolerant of uncertainties had higher levels of pandemic anxiety. Those with higher pandemic anxiety exhibited risk avoidance behaviours more frequently. Mindfulness and increased financial satisfaction reduced pandemic anxiety. People in Turkey reported higher levels of generalized and pandemic anxiety and greater engagement in risk avoidance behaviours than people in the UK. Conclusions and implications Our study shows an elevated anxiety response can help mitigate infection risk during pandemics and emphasizes the importance of the underlying situation in understanding whether an anxiety response is adaptive or pathological. Maintaining a healthy level of anxiety can promote engagement in protective behaviours. Therapies addressing anxiety can focus on increasing tolerance to future uncertainties. Lay summary Anxiety is an emotional response triggered in the anticipation of a possible threat. We found that intolerance of uncertainty strongly predicted anxiety and that people with elevated anxiety levels engaged in protective behaviours more frequently during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that anxiety can help mitigate mortality risk.
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Starič, Jože, Risto Rautiainen, Jarkko Leppälä, Nataša Janev Holcer, Jožica Ježek, Kristina Drusany Starič, and Jaka Jakob Hodnik. "Safety culture regarding zoonoses on domestic ruminant farms." Veterinarska stanica 51, no. 2 (March 27, 2020): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.51.2.10.
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Veterinarians in buiatric practice, alongside veterinary care and animal welfare, are also responsible for protecting assisting personnel and those working on the holding from zoonoses. Therefore, they need to be knowledgeable about common zoonotic diseases of ruminants, in particular, and protection from their contraction. Veterinarians should know which zoonotic diseases are present in their country and neighbouring countries to be prepared to advise. Zoonotic diseases of ruminants often show no typical clinical presentation, so awareness of self-protective behaviour when dealing with animals in the prevention of zoonoses is very important. This article provides a review of the common zoonoses of domestic ruminants in South-East Europe that are transmitted when handling animals, and their manner of transmission to humans. Safety culture in ruminant production relates to employee attitudes and behaviour concerning health and safety, which also has a significant impact on zoonosis prevention. Improving the safety culture among livestock sector workers and worker behaviours that prevent the risk of zoonoses are also discussed.
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Williams, Melinda, Sandra C. Jones, Peter Caputi, and Don Iverson. "Do Australian adolescent female fake tan (sunless tan) users practice better sun-protection behaviours than non-users?" Health Education Journal 71, no. 6 (September 13, 2011): 654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896911419344.
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Objective: To determine differences in sun-protection behaviours, and incidence of sunburn, between Australian adolescent female fake tan users and non-users. Design: Cross sectional survey. Method: 398 adolescent females aged 12 to 18 years participated in a survey at public venues, schools, and online. The main outcome measures were self-reported fake tan usage in the past 12 months, frequency of sunburns and habitual sun-protection behaviours. Setting: Surveys were completed in New South Wales, Australia. Results: The prevalence of self-reported use of fake tanning products in the past 12 months among Australian adolescent females was 34.5%. Female fake tan users were significantly less likely to report wearing a hat, wearing a shirt with sleeves or wearing pants covering to the knees. There was no difference between fake tan users and non-users in use of sunscreen, seeking shade, wearing sunglasses or avoidance of peak ultraviolet (UV) hours. Logistic regression modelling, when accounting for age, desire for a tan and skin type, revealed fake tan users were more likely to experience frequent sunburns and less likely to wear protective clothing. Conclusions: Our findings show that fake tan use among Australian female adolescents is associated with decreased sun protection, specifically reduced use of both upper and lower body protective clothing. Fake tan users were significantly more likely to experience repeated sunburns, after controlling for skin type. These findings provide impetus for the development of health education programmes targeting a new sub-group of adolescents with distinct tanning behaviours.
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Naveed, Muhammad Asif, and Rozeen Shaukat. "Health literacy predicts Covid‐19 awareness and protective behaviours of university students." Health Information & Libraries Journal 39, no. 1 (October 2021): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hir.12404.
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Brown, Lynsey J., and Malcolm J. Bond. "An Examination of the Influences on Health-Protective Behaviours among Australian Men." International Journal of Men's Health 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 274–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jmh.0703.274.
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Perski, Olga, Claire Stevens, Robert West, and Lion Shahab. "Pilot randomised controlled trial of the Risk Acceptance Ladder (RAL) as a tool for targeting health communications." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): e0259949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259949.
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Background Improving adherence to self-protective behaviours is a public health priority. We aimed to assess the potential effectiveness and ease of use of an online version of the Risk Acceptance Ladder (RAL) in promoting help-seeking for cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity, or low fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods 843 UK adults were recruited, of whom 602 engaged in at least one risky behaviour. Those with no immediate plans to change (n = 171) completed a behaviour specific RAL. Participants were randomised to one of two conditions; a short message congruent (on-target, n = 73) or incongruent (off-target, n = 98) with their RAL response. Performance of the RAL was assessed by participants’ ability to select an applicable RAL item and reported ease of use of the RAL. Effectiveness was assessed by whether or not participants clicked a link to receive information about changing their target behaviour. Results Two thirds (68.9%, 95% CI = 61.8%-75.3%) of participants were able to select an applicable RAL item that corresponded to what they believed would need to change in order to alter their target behaviour, with 64.9% (95% CI = 57.5%-71.7%) reporting that it was easy to select one option. Compared with the off-target group, participants allocated to the on-target group had greater odds of clicking on the link to receive information (31.5% vs 19.4%; OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.01–4.26). Conclusion The Risk Acceptance Ladder may have utility as a tool for tailoring messages to prompt initial steps to engaging in self-protective behaviours.
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PAWLOWSKA, ALEKSANDRA, KORNELIA LIPOWSKA, and DANIEL KROKOSZ. "Too masculine for healthcare, too feminine for intense sports: correlation between gender conformity and pro-health behaviours." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity Supplement 1, no. 13 (September 30, 2021): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.2021.suppl.1.04.
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Background: The goal of this paper is to examine to what extent levels of femininity and masculinity are associated with practicing several types of health behaviours among individuals who are physically active and inactive. Material/Methods: A total of 559 individuals aged between 35 and 45 (M = 39.4; SD = 3.2) took part in the study. The inactive group consisted of 211 individuals (n = 85 women, n = 126 men), and the active group consisted of 348 individuals (n = 131 women, n = 217 men). The participants completed the following pen-and-paper questionnaires: the Psychological Gender Inventory, the Health Behaviours Inventory, and the Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives. Results: Physical activity and androgynous psychological gender were shown to be associated with the levels of health behaviours in men and women. Among men, femininity turned out to be a factor protective against hegemonic masculinity, while among women it was observed that it is mainly masculinity that correlates with health behaviours. Physical activity was associated with a better psychological attitude. Conclusion: It is possible to treat physical activity as a protective factor against decreased mood and an aid in coping with decreased mood. Society and culture should encourage the development of femininity and masculinity from the earliest years. Future research on masculinity and femininity and pro-health behaviours should be aimed at looking for ways to promote physical activity among undifferentiated individuals.
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Fonzo, Marco, Silvia Cocchio, Matteo Centomo, Tatjana Baldovin, Alessandra Buja, Silvia Majori, Vincenzo Baldo, and Chiara Bertoncello. "Sexual and Gender Minorities and Risk Behaviours among University Students in Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 11724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111724.
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Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) may experience stigma, discrimination and show higher prevalence of behavioural risk factors than heterosexual counterparts. In Italy, the information on SGM is scarce and outdated. The present cross-sectional study aims to provide a more up-to-date estimate of the SGM proportion in young adults and to assess differences in the adoption of risk behaviours compared to their heterosexual counterparts. The study involved university students aged 18–25. Information on socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics were collected. The effect of sexual orientation on risk behaviours was assessed with a multinomial single-step logistic regression analysis. A total of 9988 participants were included. Overall, 518 students (5.2%) self-identified as SGM. While lesbians showed significantly higher odds of only non-regular use of protective barriers (AOR: 11.16), bisexuals showed higher odds for frequent drinking (AOR: 2.67), smoking (AOR: 1.85), multiple sexual partnerships (AOR: 1.78) and non-regular use of protective barriers (AOR: 1.90) compared with heterosexual women. Gay men showed higher odds of multiple sexual partnerships compared with heterosexual males (AOR: 5.52). SGM accounted for 5.2% of the sample, slightly more than the proportion found in the general population, but substantially in line with similarly aged populations abroad. Our findings confirm that unhealthy risk behaviours are more frequent among LGBTQ+, in particular among bisexual women. Rather than targeting specific subpopulations, our study aims to show the need for health promotion interventions that aim at the empowerment of all students regardless of sexual orientation, being aware that SGMs can benefit to a relatively greater extent.
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Adedini, Sunday A., Jacob Wale Mobolaji, Matthew Alabi, and Adesegun O. Fatusi. "Changes in contraceptive and sexual behaviours among unmarried young people in Nigeria: Evidence from nationally representative surveys." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): e0246309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246309.
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Context Nigeria is a high-burden country in terms of young people’s health. Understanding changes in young people’s sexual and reproductive health (SRH) behaviours and the associated factors is important for framing appropriate interventions. Objective This study assessed changes in SRH behaviours of unmarried young people aged 15–24 and associated factors over a ten-year period in Nigeria. Data and method We analysed datasets from Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys of 2008, 2013 and 2018 to assess changes in inconsistent condom use, non-use of modern contraceptives; multiple sexual partnership; and early sexual debut. Using binary logistic regression, we assessed the association of selected variables with the SRH behaviours. Results Over four-fifths of unmarried young people (15–24) in Nigeria engaged in at least one risky sexual behaviour in each survey year. The pattern of changes in the four risky SRH behaviours was consistent over the 10-year period, with the highest rates of each behaviour occurring in 2018 while the lowest rates were in 2013, thus indicating an increase in the proportion of respondents engaging in risky sexual behaviours over the study period. Comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge, male gender, older age category (20–24), residence in south-west Nigeria, urban residence, higher socio-economic status, secondary/higher education were mostly protective against the four SRH variables analysed across the different data waves. Conclusion Addressing the high and increasing level of risky SRH behaviours among young people in Nigeria is imperative to improve overall national health status and to ensure progress towards achieving SDG target 3.7 focusing on SRH.
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Lim, Xin Ying, Ai Che Yap, Rathi Mahendran, and Junhong Yu. "The interplay between anxiety, fear, protective behaviors, compassion, and resilience among older adults during a COVID-19 lockdown: a structural equation modeling study." Translational Behavioral Medicine 11, no. 5 (April 1, 2021): 1172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa143.
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Abstract The implementation of lockdown measures to curb the transmission of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has brought about significant psychological impacts and older adults have been identified as one of the vulnerable groups. In the current COVID-19 context among older adults in the community, the fear of COVID-19, anxiety symptoms, compassion, resilience, and the practice of protective behaviors are possibly related to each other in several ways. How these factors relate to each other would have important implications in managing the spread of the disease and its mental health consequences. To this end, we modeled their interrelationships using a structural equation model. Older adults (N = 421), aged 60 and above completed various questionnaires—COVID-19 Fear Inventory, Short form of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, COVID-19 Risky and Protective Behaviours, Resilience Appraisals Scale, and Compassion Scale during a COVID-19 lockdown. The relationships between these variables were assessed within a structural equation model. The findings showed that older adults who are more compassionate engage in protective behaviors more frequently. Additionally, frequent practice of protective behaviors and greater resilience predicted lower anxiety among older adults. Greater fear predicted higher anxiety levels but did not significantly influence an individual’s engagement in protective behaviors. Mental health services are crucial in fostering resilience and supporting older adults psychologically. Social services are also necessary in maintaining and enhancing social support for older adults. Importantly, these findings suggest that public health communications could promote compassion and avoid using a fear-based approach to increase engagement in protective behaviors.
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GYIMAH, STEPHEN OBENG, ERIC Y. TENKORANG, BAFFOUR K. TAKYI, JONES ADJEI, and GABRIEL FOSU. "RELIGION, HIV/AIDS AND SEXUAL RISK-TAKING AMONG MEN IN GHANA." Journal of Biosocial Science 42, no. 4 (March 9, 2010): 531–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932010000027.
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SummaryAlthough a growing body of research has linked religious involvement with HIV/AIDS protective behaviour in Africa, the focus has mainly been on women. Given the patriarchal nature of African culture, this paper argues for the inclusion of men, a critical group whose sexual behaviours have increasingly been linked to the spread and sustenance of the virus in the region. Drawing on different theoretical discourses and using data from the 2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, this paper examines how religious affiliation influences men's risky sexual behaviours. While the results from the bivariate analysis suggested that Muslims and Traditionalists were significantly less likely to engage in risky sexual behaviour compared with Christians, those differences disappeared once socioeconomic variables were controlled, rendering support for the selectivity thesis. This finding could benefit programmatic and policy formulation regarding AIDS prevention in Ghana.
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Howard, Sue, and Bruce Johnson. "Tracking student resilience." Children Australia 24, no. 3 (1999): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200009214.
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In recent times, research that has traditionally concerned itself with children ‘at risk’ has been supplemented by studies which have concentrated on the characteristics of those children who display resilient behaviours despite the presence of negative individual, family or environmental factors. A range of internal and external ‘protective factors’ that contribute to childhood resilience has been identified in the literature.The research being presented here reports on one phase of a longitudinal study that is tracking children originally identified as displaying resilient or non-resilient behaviour. After one year, the persistence of resilient or non-resilient behaviours is noted among the 55 children in the study; the incidence of changed behaviour – either from resilience to non-resilience or vice versa – is low. Case studies of three children are used to illustrate the trends in the findings and to provide real examples of how the presence or absence of protective factors impact on the lives of real children.
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Woloszyn, Magdalene, Avinna Trzesinski, Mutsumi Takahashi, and Isabelle Ellis. "Sun-protective behaviours of beach goers in the North-West." Health Promotion Journal of Australia 21, no. 2 (2010): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/he10146.
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Kaya, enay, Dolu Kaya, lk Elbay, and Sema Belli. "Dentists' knowledge, beliefs and behaviours on preventing Covid-19 transmission in Turkey: A Health Belief Model study." Annals of Medical Research 29, no. 9 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2022.02.058.
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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs, and behaviours of dentists in preventing Covid-19 transmission using the Health Belief Model. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 432 dentists who returned to the study tool in an electronic environment. The data were collected by a questionnaire and Health Belief Model Form for protection from Covid-19 (HBMF-COVID-19). Results: Most participants had knowledge about Covid-19, including its symptoms, transmission path, and incubation period. More than 90% of the participants knew the precautions to be taken in a dental clinic. Although the participants were largely aware of all preventive behaviours, the rate of performing these behaviours was lower. Wearing a protective overall (31%), wearing an FFP (filtering facepiece) mask (61.8%), and patient isolation (70.4%) were the measures least taken. The total mean score of HBMF-Covid-19 was 3.71 ± 0.33. Barrier perception had the lowest sub-dimension score (2.50). Conclusion: Although dentists know the measures, they have not taken enough precautions to protect themselves and patients from Covid-19. Having low barrier perception scores point to, there are situations that prevent dentists from performing preventive behaviours at workplaces. It is recommended to use the Health Belief Model to determine the factors that prevent and facilitate dentists' preventive behaviours. Considering the results, training and awareness activities can be planned by public health nurses.
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Fahey, Paul P., Andrew Page, Thomas Astell-Burt, and Glenn Stone. "Imputing pre-diagnosis health behaviour in cancer registry data and investigating its relationship with oesophageal cancer survival time." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): e0261416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261416.
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Background As oesophageal cancer has short survival, it is likely pre-diagnosis health behaviours will have carry-over effects on post-diagnosis survival times. Cancer registry data sets do not usually contain pre-diagnosis health behaviours and so need to be augmented with data from external health surveys. A new algorithm is introduced and tested to augment cancer registries with external data when one-to-one data linkage is not available. Methods The algorithm is to use external health survey data to impute pre-diagnosis health behaviour for cancer patients, estimate misclassification errors in these imputed values and then fit misclassification corrected Cox regression to quantify the association between pre-diagnosis health behaviour and post-diagnosis survival. Data from US cancer registries and a US national health survey are used in testing the algorithm. Results It is demonstrated that the algorithm works effectively on simulated smoking data when there is no age confounding. But age confounding does exist (risk of death increases with age and most health behaviours change with age) and interferes with the performance of the algorithm. The estimate of the hazard ratio (HR) of pre-diagnosis smoking was HR = 1.32 (95% CI 0.82,2.68) with HR = 1.93 (95% CI 1.08,7.07) in the squamous cell sub-group and pre-diagnosis physical activity was protective of survival with HR = 0.25 (95% CI 0.03, 0.81). But the method failed for less common behaviours (such as heavy drinking). Conclusions Further improvements in the I2C2 algorithm will permit enrichment of cancer registry data through imputation of new variables with negligible risk to patient confidentiality, opening new research opportunities in cancer epidemiology.
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Yu, Jiadong, Bernard S. Gorman, and Carolyn M. Springer. "Source of Information on Intentions to Adopt Protective Behaviours During COVID-19 in China." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 59 (January 2022): 004695802210904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580221090411.
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Introduction: COVID-19 spread across China and other countries in a matter of weeks. Yet, it is uncertain how people have responded to protective behaviours in this pandemic. This study aims to evaluate how trust in different types of information sources influences the intention to adopt protective behaviours. Methods: In total, 122 Chinese completed a survey on Qualtrics in March 2021. Data on demographic information, protective behaviours, trust in formal information, trust in informal information, perceived risk, worry and social desirability were collected. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to identify associations between these variables. Results: Trust in formal information was significantly associated with perceived risk (β = −.18) and significantly and positively associated with worry (β = .28). Trust in informal information was significantly and positively associated with perceived risk (β = .57). Subsequently, perceived risk was significantly associated with social distancing (β = −.17), and worry was significantly and positively associated with mask wearing (β = .25) and significantly associated with hand washing (β = −.27). Trust in formal information was significantly and positively associated with hand washing (β = .26) while trust in informal information was significantly and positively associated with social distancing and hand washing (β = .26). Perceived risk was significantly and positively associated with worry (β = .32). Conclusion: People who trust in informal information from social media and interpersonal communication would be more likely to adopt mask wearing and hand washing protective behaviours. People who trust in formal information from government-agency source would have a lower perceived risk of COVID-19 and are less likely to adopt social distancing, but people who trust in formal information have a greater worry about contracting COVID-19 and are more likely to wear masks.
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Peltzer, Karl, Supa Pengpid, and Tawatchai Apidechkul. "Heavy Internet use and its associations with health risk and health-promoting behaviours among Thai university students." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0508.
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Abstract The Internet provides significant benefits for learning about the world, but excessive Internet use can lead to negative outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between heavy Internet use and health-promoting behaviour, health risk behaviour and health outcomes among university students. The sample included 860 undergraduate university students chosen at random from Mae Fah Luang University in Thailand. Of the participants, 27.3% were male and and 72.7% were female in the age range of 18–25 years (M age=20.1 years, SD=1.3). Overall, students spent on average 5.3 h (SD=2.6) per day on the internet, and 35.3% engaged in heavy internet use (6 or more hours per day). In multivariate logistic regression adjusting for sociodemographics, lack of dental check-ups, three health risk behaviours (sedentary lifestyle, illicit drug use and gambling) and three health outcomes [being underweight, overweight or obese and having screened positive for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] were found to be associated with heavy Internet use. The results from this study may support the importance of developing early protective and preventive actions against problematic Internet use to promote university student health.
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McColl, Kathleen, Marion Debin, Cecile Souty, Caroline Guerrisi, Clement Turbelin, Alessandra Falchi, Isabelle Bonmarin, et al. "Are People Optimistically Biased about the Risk of COVID-19 Infection? Lessons from the First Wave of the Pandemic in Europe." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010436.
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Unrealistic optimism, the underestimation of one’s risk of experiencing harm, has been investigated extensively to understand better and predict behavioural responses to health threats. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, a relative dearth of research existed in this domain regarding epidemics, which is surprising considering that this optimistic bias has been associated with a lack of engagement in protective behaviours critical in fighting twenty-first-century, emergent, infectious diseases. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by investigating whether people demonstrated optimism bias during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, how this changed over time, and whether unrealistic optimism was negatively associated with protective measures. Taking advantage of a pre-existing international participative influenza surveillance network (n = 12,378), absolute and comparative unrealistic optimism were measured at three epidemic stages (pre-, early, peak), and across four countries—France, Italy, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Despite differences in culture and health response, similar patterns were observed across all four countries. The prevalence of unrealistic optimism appears to be influenced by the particular epidemic context. Paradoxically, whereas absolute unrealistic optimism decreased over time, comparative unrealistic optimism increased, suggesting that whilst people became increasingly accurate in assessing their personal risk, they nonetheless overestimated that for others. Comparative unrealistic optimism was negatively associated with the adoption of protective behaviours, which is worrying, given that these preventive measures are critical in tackling the spread and health burden of COVID-19. It is hoped these findings will inspire further research into sociocognitive mechanisms involved in risk appraisal.
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Hicken, B., and D. Tucker. "Impact of genetic risk feedback: Perceived risk and motivation for health protective behaviours." Psychology, Health & Medicine 7, no. 1 (February 2002): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13548500120101531.
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McLeod, Geraldine F. H., Anthony I. Reeder, Andrew R. Gray, and Rob McGee. "Unintended Sunburn: A Potential Target for Sun Protection Messages." Journal of Skin Cancer 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6902942.
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New Zealand (NZ) has the highest melanoma incidence rate in the world. Primary prevention efforts focus on reducing sunburn incidence and increasing sun protective practices in the population. However, sunburn from excessive ultraviolet radiation (UVR) remains common. To reduce sunburn incidence, it is important to examine those individuals who experience unintended sunburn. This study aims to use data from the NZ Triennial Sun Protection Survey to describe respondents who were not intending to tan but were sunburnt after outdoor UVR exposure. Information on sociodemographics, concurrent weather conditions, sun protection attitudes and knowledge, and outdoor behaviour was also collected. The results showed 13.5% of respondents’ experienced unintended sunburn during the survey weekend but had not attempted to obtain a tan that summer. Respondents who reported unintended sunburn were more likely than others to have been near water and in unshaded areas, used sunscreen, had higher SunSmart knowledge scores, had lower positive attitudes towards tanning, and were outdoors for a longer duration with less body coverage. As sunburn was unintended these respondents’ outdoor sun protective behaviours may be amenable to change. Future public health initiatives should focus on increasing sun protection (clothing and shade) and reducing potential barriers to sun protection.
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Kuo, Caroline C., Rochelle K. Rosen, Caron Zlotnick, Wendee M. Wechsberg, Marlanea Peabody, and Jennifer E. Johnson. "Sexual health prevention for incarcerated women: eroticising safe sex during re-entry to the community." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 45, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2017-200024.
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IntroductionIn the USA, incarcerated women are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. Transitioning from incarceration into the community is accompanied by elevated risk behaviours related to acquisition of STIs, yet few efficacious interventions address sexual health prevention among incarcerated women.MethodsWe conducted an exploratory qualitative study with 21 incarcerated women at four women’s state prison facilities in two Northeastern states in the USA. Qualitative data were gathered from four focus groups to guide future intervention development. Focus group discussions were guided by a semi-structured protocol exploring perceptions of sexual health prevention methods, experience with implementing prevention technologies and protective behaviours, and strategies to overcome challenges in implementing sexual health prevention behaviours. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsWomen described challenges in uptake of existing low-cost sexual health prevention strategies such as condoms. They identified strategies to facilitate use of prevention tools, and to increase protective behaviours relating to sexual health during the transition from incarceration to the community. For example, women described methods for eroticising male and female condoms, including selecting condoms with novel features, explaining to partners that condoms could increase sexual pleasure, and incorporating condom application into foreplay and/or oral sex.ConclusionIncorporating these insights, including how to eroticise safe sex, can inform the design of future preventive interventions tailored to meet the urgent sexual health needs of incarcerated women preparing for reintegration into the community.Clinical trial registrationNCT01907126.
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Shoveller, Jean A., Chris Y. Lovato, Larry Peters, and Jason K. Rivers. "Canadian National Survey on Sun Exposure & Protective Behaviours: Outdoor Workers." Canadian Journal of Public Health 91, no. 1 (January 2000): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03404250.
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Jalloh, Mohamed F., Aasli A. Nur, Sophia A. Nur, Maike Winters, Jamie Bedson, Danielle Pedi, Dimitri Prybylski, et al. "Behaviour adoption approaches during public health emergencies: implications for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 1 (January 2021): e004450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004450.
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Human behaviour will continue to play an important role as the world grapples with public health threats. In this paper, we draw from the emerging evidence on behaviour adoption during diverse public health emergencies to develop a framework that contextualises behaviour adoption vis-à-vis a combination of top-down, intermediary and bottom-up approaches. Using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, we operationalise the contextual framework to demonstrate how these three approaches differ in terms of their implementation, underlying drivers of action, enforcement, reach and uptake. We illustrate how blended strategies that include all three approaches can help accelerate and sustain protective behaviours that will remain important even when safe and effective vaccines become more widely available. As the world grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic and prepares to respond to (re)emerging public health threats, our contextual framework can inform the design, implementation, tracking and evaluation of comprehensive public health and social measures during health emergencies.
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Ferreira, Mafalda, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, and José Alves Diniz. "THE INFLUENCE OF RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS ON TOBACCO, ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN ADOLESCENCE." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 6, no. 1 (July 20, 2013): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/13.06.06.
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The purpose of this study is to analyse the relation between risk and protective factor and substance use in adolescence, including tobacco use, drunkenness and consumption of illicit drugs. The sample included 3494 students, mean age 15 years old, in the 8th and 10th grades from the public school system, of primary and secondary schools in Portugal. Data collection was held within the HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) survey from 2010. For the purpose of this specific study, the questionnaire includes questions about risk and protective behaviors and substance use, namely tobacco, drunkenness and illicit drug consumption. Results confirmed that adolescents with higher levels of protective factors seem to consume fewer substances and adolescents who present higher levels of risk factors are more likely to consume all the substances in the study. There were statistically significant differences for the majority of risk and protective behaviours regarding tobacco, drunkenness and illicit drugs. Although risk factors have a higher impact on substance use, the existence of protective factors seems to fade such impact. Key words: adolescence, risk and protective factors, substance use.
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Zimmer-Gembeck, Melanie J. "Young females’ sexual self-efficacy: associations with personal autonomy and the couple relationship." Sexual Health 10, no. 3 (2013): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12139.
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Background Theory suggests that young women’s own efficacy for sexual self-protective behaviour is greater when they are more advanced in their cognitive autonomy, and when they have romantic partners who support autonomy rather than engage in coercive behaviours and are warm and accepting rather than rejecting. Methods: A total of 199 women (aged 16 to 25 years) completed questionnaires measuring sexual self-efficacy, autonomy, partner communication and their partners’ behaviours. Hypotheses were tested with structural equation modelling. Results: Correlations showed that young women reported more self-efficacy when they had greater autonomy and reported partners to be more supportive and warmer, and less coercive and rejecting. In structural equation modelling, the association of women’s autonomy with sexual self-efficacy was indirect via their perceived capacity to communicate with their partners. Associations of partner behaviours with sexual self-efficacy were both direct and indirect via the capacity to communicate. Conclusions: Sexual efficacy is enhanced among young women who report a greater general capacity to communicate openly with their partners and have partners who display more warmth and less rejecting behaviours. Young women are also higher in sexual self-efficacy when they report more cognitive autonomy and lower partner coercion, but these associations are completely indirect via females’ greater capacity to communicate openly. The findings provide support for sexual health programs focussing on decision-making skills, personal competence, partners’ behaviours and dyadic communication strategies.