Relevant bibliographies by topics / Protective health behaviours

Academic literature on the topic 'Protective health behaviours'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Protective health behaviours"

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Amankwah-Poku, Margaret. "COVID-19-related health behaviour changes among Ghanaians: applying the health belief model." Second Edition in 2020 of the HSI Journal Volume 1 Issue 2 Publication 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46829/hsijournal.2020.12.1.2.135-138.

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Although the Coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19)is a physical illness, it very much requires behavioural practices to prevent its infection and transmission. Coronavirus protective measures may sound simple to adhere to compared to chronic disease-related behavioural practices, but this is not the case. Understanding adherence to COVID-19-related health behaviours using the health belief model as an explanatory model, can help to design interventions for change and maintenance of this change. The health belief model posits that, practicing a health behaviour depends on the individual’s perceived susceptibility to a disease, his/her perceived severity of the disease, and the perceived benefits/cost of engaging in the health behaviour, all of which are prompted by internal and external cues to action. Some Ghanaians may believe they are not susceptible to the disease or may downplay the severity of the disease, and thus will be less likely to engage in the health behaviours to avoid COVID-19 infection. Again, if Ghanaians believe the cost of engaging in these behaviours outweigh the health benefits of adhering to the behaviours, then they are less likely to follow these health behaviours. Finally, internal (e.g. experiencing COVID-19 symptoms) and external (e.g. daily COVID-19 updates) cues may act as triggers to engaging in health behaviours. Ghanaians should be well educated about the coronavirus and well informed, to be equipped to adhere to the COVID-19 protective measures. Clinical and health psychologists should be engaged to champion behaviour change practices.
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Amankwah-Poku, Margaret. "COVID-19-related health behaviour changes among Ghanaians: applying the health belief model." Second Edition in 2020 of the HSI Journal Volume 1 Issue 2 Publication 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46829/hsijournal.2020.12.1.2.135-138.

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Although the Coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19)is a physical illness, it very much requires behavioural practices to prevent its infection and transmission. Coronavirus protective measures may sound simple to adhere to compared to chronic disease-related behavioural practices, but this is not the case. Understanding adherence to COVID-19-related health behaviours using the health belief model as an explanatory model, can help to design interventions for change and maintenance of this change. The health belief model posits that, practicing a health behaviour depends on the individual’s perceived susceptibility to a disease, his/her perceived severity of the disease, and the perceived benefits/cost of engaging in the health behaviour, all of which are prompted by internal and external cues to action. Some Ghanaians may believe they are not susceptible to the disease or may downplay the severity of the disease, and thus will be less likely to engage in the health behaviours to avoid COVID-19 infection. Again, if Ghanaians believe the cost of engaging in these behaviours outweigh the health benefits of adhering to the behaviours, then they are less likely to follow these health behaviours. Finally, internal (e.g. experiencing COVID-19 symptoms) and external (e.g. daily COVID-19 updates) cues may act as triggers to engaging in health behaviours. Ghanaians should be well educated about the coronavirus and well informed, to be equipped to adhere to the COVID-19 protective measures. Clinical and health psychologists should be engaged to champion behaviour change practices.
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Mikucka, Malgorzata, and Radoslaw Antczak. "Role of individual characteristics and national distancing policies for COVID-19 protective behaviour among older adults: a cross-sectional study of 27 European countries." BMJ Open 13, no. 2 (February 2023): e060291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060291.

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ObjectiveEvidence on how individual characteristics and distancing policies during the first wave of COVID-19 together influenced health behaviours is scarce. The objective of this study is to fill in this gap by studying how the propensity to engage in protective behaviours in Europe was shaped by the interplay of individual characteristics and national policies.DesignData on individual behaviour in 27 countries came from the ‘Corona Survey’ module of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, collected in summer 2020. As outcomes, we considered avoidant behaviours (never leaving home, reducing frequency of walks and reducing frequency of social meetings) and preventive behaviour (wearing a face mask). Among relevant policies, we considered stay-at-home restrictions, mask wearing policies and gathering restrictions. Individual characteristics comprised gender, health risk of COVID-19 (older age and poor health) and activity (employment and providing help to other households).ParticipantsNationally representative samples of older adults (50 years and over), n=51 540 respondents (58% of women).ResultsActive people (employed and helping other households) were more likely to wear face masks but less likely to use avoidant behaviours. People at health risk (older people and those in poor health) were more likely to use all types of protective behaviours. Protective behaviours were also more frequent among women than among men. Longer duration of distancing polices correlated with more frequent protective behaviours. Distancing policies reduced social differences in the rate of protective behaviours only in case of social meetings and mask wearing.ConclusionsProtective behaviours responded to distancing policies, but our results suggest that people used them voluntarily, especially if they were at health risk.
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Gera, Taruna. "Spirituality as Protective Factor of Health Risk Behaviors among Adolescents." Mind and Society 11, no. 02 (June 30, 2022): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56011/mind-mri-112-20229.

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Health behaviours are the behaviours that are practised by people for the enhancement and maintenance of their health. These behaviours are common in all age groups, but adolescence, as the most vulnerable age, has a higher proclivity to engage in risky behavior. Among the protective factors, increasing research in the area documents that spirituality and spiritual practises serve as the protective agent for health-risk behaviors. The present study makes an attempt to explore spirituality as a protective factor against health-risk behaviours among adolescents. The study aims to see the relationship between the two facets of spirituality, namely, spiritual intelligence and spiritual personality, with respect to health risk behaviours among adolescents. The sample comprised of 600 adolescents from various colleges and universities in the state of Haryana, India. The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI) by King (2008), the Spiritual Personality Inventory by Husain et al. (2012), and the Revised Health Risk Behavior Inventory by Irish (2012) were used. The descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product moment coefficient of correlation were applied to explore the relationship among the variables, and simple linear correlation was applied to look for the effect size of the variables. The study’s findings show a significant negative correlation between spirituality and health risk behavior, and spiritual intelligence and spiritual personality both appear to be significant protective factors against health risk behaviours in adolescents. The findings suggest the cultivation and nurturance of spiritual beliefs and spiritual practises in individuals right from the early age of life span for the prevention of health risk behaviours during adolescence.
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Singh Solorzano, Claudio, Maria Serena Panasiti, Alessandra Di Pucchio, and Caterina Grano. "The Impact of Positivity and Parochial Altruism on Protective Behaviours during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 10153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610153.

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Implementation of COVID-19 protective behaviours, such as social distancing or frequent hand washing during the lockdown, was critical to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the effect of positivity and parochial altruism on implementing COVID-19 health-protective behaviours during the Italian lockdown. A sample of 460 participants completed an online questionnaire that included demographic measures, Positivity Scale and COVID-19 measures of health-protective behaviours. To measure parochial altruism, we used a hypothetical dictator game played with others who could vary in their social distance from the participants. Results showed that participants in the hypothetical game gave more money to parents and siblings than to best friends, cousins, neighbours, and strangers. Furthermore, both positivity and parochial altruism (more altruism toward close vs. distant people) were positively associated with implementing hygiene behaviours but not with social distancing. Finally, mediation analysis showed that increases in parochial altruism mediated the effect of positivity on hygiene behaviour. These findings extend knowledge about the factors beyond the implementation of COVID-19 health-protective behaviours during a lockdown situation.
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Quin, Daniel. "Levels of problem behaviours and risk and protective factors In suspended and non-suspended students." Educational and Developmental Psychologist 36, no. 01 (May 24, 2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2019.4.

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External suspension from school is a common disciplinary practice in traditionally English-speaking countries. Few studies have sought student perceptions of school suspension, as well as measures of problem behaviours and emotional problems, and known factors that influence the development of antisocial behaviour, to examine associations between these variables. Three hundred and four adolescents, aged 12–17 years, from five schools in southern Australia completed a self-report questionnaire that asked about behavioural and mental health problems, and risk and protective factors known to be associated with suspension. Seventy-four of the participants had been previously suspended from school at least once. Having been previously suspended was associated with a greater level of problem behaviours and emotions, poor family management, low school commitment, reduced supportive teacher relationships, and interactions with antisocial peers. School suspension appears likely to be applied to students who lack the ability to self-regulate their behaviours and emotional problems in the classroom. By excluding students from school, pre-existing behavioural problems may be exacerbated by diminishing school protective factors and increasing exposure to known risk factors. Adolescents most at risk of being suspended would benefit from alternative school behaviour management policies and procedures that maintain the school as a protective factor.
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Trenerry, Camilla, Chloe Fletcher, Carlene Wilson, and Kate Gunn. "“She’ll Be Right, Mate”: A Mixed Methods Analysis of Skin Cancer Prevention Practices among Australian Farmers—An At-Risk Group." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 2940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052940.

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This study examined Australian farmers’ engagement with skin cancer prevention behaviours and explored what made it hard for them to be ‘SunSmart’ (barriers), and what could be done to make prevention easier (facilitators). In total, 498 farmers (83.1% male, 22–89 years, 50.8% grain, sheep, or cattle farmers) participated. The least frequently performed SunSmart behaviours (reported as never practiced during summer) were using SPF 30+ sunscreen (16.6%), wearing protective sunglasses (10.5%), and wearing protective clothing (8.6%). Greater engagement (i.e., higher scores on scale from Never to Always) with SunSmart behaviours was explained by gender (female), educational attainment (trade or technical college certificate vs. high school), personal skin cancer history, and skin sun sensitivity. Barriers reported by farmers related to personal preferences (e.g., short-sleeved rather than long-sleeved clothing), comfort, and perceived impracticality of sun protection. Farmers’ solutions included making protective clothing and sunscreen more appropriate for farm work (e.g., by making clothing more breathable). A personal health scare was the most reported motivation for skin cancer prevention. Findings highlight the need for increased access to sun-protective clothing and sunscreen that is suitable for wearing when working on farms, complemented by culturally appropriate health education messaging, to encourage more farmers to perform SunSmart behaviours.
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Azeredo, Catarina Machado, Leandro Fornias Machado de Rezende, Daniela Silva Canella, Rafael Moreira Claro, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro, Olinda do Carmo Luiz, and Renata Bertazzi Levy. "Dietary intake of Brazilian adolescents." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 7 (August 4, 2014): 1215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014001463.

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AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the dietary intake of Brazilian adolescents and investigate its association with sociodemographic factors as well as health-risk and health-protective behaviours.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe study was based on data supplied by the National Survey of Schoolchildren’s Health (2012) on sociodemographic factors, dietary intake and health-risk and health-protective behaviours of schoolchildren in Brazil. A nutritional scale was elaborated combining markers of healthy and unhealthy diets. Poisson regression analysis was applied to investigate the association between the sociodemographic factors and regular intake (≥5 times/week) of selected foods; linear regression analysis was applied to investigate the association of sociodemographic and behavioural factors with nutritional scale score.SubjectsA total of 109 104 adolescents attending the ninth year of education at 2842 schools in Brazil.ResultsFewer than 30 % of the adolescents consumed raw or cooked vegetables on a regular basis, whereas more than one-third reported regular intake of sweets, soft drinks and sweet biscuits. Adolescents from the southern area and the oldest ones were those most exposed to inadequate dietary intake. The nutritional scale average score was higher in the students attending public school and exhibited a positive correlation with protective behaviours, such as being physically active, having meals with parents and eating breakfast, and a negative correlation with risk behaviours such as eating while studying or watching television and having smoked, drunk alcohol or used other drugs in the previous 30 d.ConclusionsThe results indicate an association between undesirable nutritional habits and other risk behaviours among Brazilian adolescents.
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Schaner, Simone, Natalie Theys, Marco Angrisani, Joyita Banerjee, Pranali Yogiraj Khobragade, Sarah Petrosyan, Arunika Agarwal, et al. "Adherence to COVID-19 protective behaviours in India from May to December 2020: evidence from a nationally representative longitudinal survey." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e058065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058065.

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ObjectivesSince the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, behavioural interventions to reduce disease transmission have been central to public health policy worldwide. Sustaining individual protective behaviour is especially important in low-income and middle-income settings, where health systems have fewer resources and access to vaccination is limited. This study seeks to assess time trends in COVID-19 protective behaviour in India.DesignNationally representative, panel-based, longitudinal study.SettingWe conducted a panel survey of Indian households to understand how the adoption of COVID-19 protective behaviours has changed over time. Our data span peaks and valleys of disease transmission over May–December 2020.ParticipantsRespondents included 3719 adults from 1766 Indian households enrolled in the Harmonised Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India.AnalysisWe used ordinary least squares regression analysis to quantify time trends in protective behaviours.ResultsWe find a 30.6 percentage point (95% CI (26.7 to 34.5); p<0.01) decline in protective behaviours related to social distancing over the observation period. Mask wearing and handwashing, in contrast, decreased by only 4.3 percentage points (95% CI (0.97 to 7.6); p<0.05) from a high base. Our conclusions are unchanged after adjusting for recorded COVID-19 caseload and nationwide COVID-19 containment policy; we also observe significant declines across socioeconomic strata spanning age, gender, education and urbanicity.ConclusionWe argue that these changes reflect, at least in part, ‘COVID-19 fatigue,’ where adherence to social distancing becomes more difficult over time irrespective of the surrounding disease environment.
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Rose, Jocelyn. "Protective Behaviours: safety, confidence and self‐esteem." Journal of Public Mental Health 3, no. 1 (March 2004): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17465729200400004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protective health behaviours"

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Bowring, Natalie Erin. "Back on the market: Understanding heterosexual mature adult protective sexual behaviours." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/202020/1/Natalie_Bowring_Thesis.pdf.

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More heterosexual mature adults are re-entering the dating market with liberal sexual attitudes, low perceptions of risk and limited experiences of condom use. This research uses social marketing and sexual health literature to explore their experiences of condom use. The research revealed that connection, desire, and gratification determine condom use behaviour. Theoretical contributions include: the customer experience elements of condom use, the shared sphere of sexual experience, and the anti-experience of condom use. The result of this research is a deeper understanding of heterosexual mature adult sexual behaviours and complex behavioural experiences that involve more than one person.
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Nylander, Charlotte. "Protective factors, health-risk behaviours and the impact of coexisting ADHD among adolescents with diabetes and other chronic conditions." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Pediatrik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-282964.

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Mental health problems are increasing in Swedish adolescents and mortality rates are higher in this age group than among younger. 10-20% of all adolescents suffer from a chronic medical condition (CC). Few protective factors (PF) and clustering of health-risk behaviours (HRB) are frequent among adolescents with CCs. One of the most common CC in Swedish adolescents is type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Metabolic control often deteriorates during adolescence, especially in girls. Poor metabolic control is associated with increased risk for long-term complications, of which cognitive problems are common. However, the implication of cognitive/executive problems in patients with T1DM has not been sufficiently studied. Neither has the impact of neurodevelopmental problems (NDP), such as ADHD, on HRB in adolescents with CCs been analysed. Methods: In paper I and II the questionnaire ”Life and Health in Youth” was distributed to all students in year nine and year two of the upper secondary school in the county of Sörmland, 2008 (n=5771) and 2011 (n=5550). Adolescents with CCs were compared to healthy peers with regard to PFs and HRBs. In paper III, the ”Five to Fifteen” questionnaire was used in 175 paediatric patients with T1DM. Patients with indications of NDPs were compared with patients without such problems with regard to metabolic control. In paper IV, the BRIEF questionnaire and the ADHD Rating Scale as well as data from the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry was used in 241 adolescents with T1DM. Patients with indications of executive problems were compared with patients without such problems with regard to diabetes control. Results: CCs were associated with few PFs and clustered HRBs. The combination of CCs and low numbers of PFs was found to be associated with an increased risk of clustered HRBs. In the presence of coexisting ADHD the pattern of few PFs and clustering of HRBs was aggravated. ADHD was more common among adolescents with other CCs. Definite memory and learning problems as well as mild executive problems were associated with poor metabolic control, especially among adolescents. Executive problems were also associated with many outpatient visits and low physical activity. Girls with T1DM tended to self-report executive problems to a larger extent than boys, while parents more often reported these problems in boys. Conclusion: Knowledge about factors influencing treatment adherence and life in general is essential in the work with chronically ill adolescents. Focus must be put on enhancing PFs in order to avoid HRBs. Identification of coexisting NDPs, such as ADHD, is crucial, since such problems can adversely influence treatment adherence, HRBs and school achievements
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Farley, Céline. "The promotion of safe behaviours at the community level : evaluation of a bicycle helmet-wearing campaign among 5- to 12-year-old children /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-685-5/.

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Liao, Qiuyan, and 廖秋燕. "Modelling public adoption of health protective behaviours against novel respiratory infectious diseases in Hong Kong: the avianinfluenza A/H5N1 and the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46676442.

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McGinty, Heather L. "Predicting Fear of Recurrence and Protective Health Behaviors Using Protection Motivation Theory." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3631.

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Prior research suggests that fear of cancer recurrence is very common among cancer survivors. This study examined the extent to which Protection Motivation Theory variables of threat appraisal and coping appraisal accounted for differences in fear of recurrence and performance of health behaviors in cancer patients who recently completed treatment. It was hypothesized that greater fear of recurrence would be related to a combination of high threat appraisal and low coping appraisal. Also, it was hypothesized that higher rates of health behaviors would be related to higher threat appraisals for cancer recurrence and higher coping appraisals for reducing risk of recurrence by improving diet or exercising. A sample of 155 early-stage breast cancer patients (mean age = 59 years) who completed surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy between 6-24 months previously (mean = 12 months) completed measures of fear of recurrence, threat appraisal (perceived risk and severity of a potential cancer recurrence), fruit and vegetable intake in the past month, exercise for the past week, and coping appraisal (perceived response efficacy and self-efficacy to perform diet and exercise recommendations to reduce recurrence risk). Basic demographic and clinical information was also collected. The study findings supported the hypothesis that the combination of threat and coping appraisal beliefs explain which breast cancer survivors report higher fear of recurrence. However, the observed results did not support the hypothesized interaction between threat and coping appraisal for predicting either diet or exercise habits. Instead, coping appraisal alone predicted both fruit and vegetable consumption and exercise habits. Future research should focus on examining these relationships longitudinally and further assess coping appraisal and how it impacts fear of recurrence.
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Chrispin, Catherine Anna. "Psychological issues related to sun exposure and skin protective behaviour." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365936.

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Gowan, Monica Elizabeth. "Self-Management of Disaster Risk and Uncertainty: The Role of Preventive Health in Building Disaster Resilience." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences Centre, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7605.

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One of the great challenges facing human systems today is how to prepare for, manage, and adapt successfully to the profound and rapid changes wreaked by disasters. Wellington, New Zealand, is a capital city at significant risk of devastating earthquake and tsunami, potentially requiring mass evacuations with little or short notice. Subsequent hardship and suffering due to widespread property damage and infrastructure failure could cause large areas of the Wellington Region to become uninhabitable for weeks to months. Previous research has shown that positive health and well-being are associated with disaster-resilient outcomes. Preventing adverse outcomes before disaster strikes, through developing strengths-based skill sets in health-protective attitudes and behaviours, is increasingly advocated in disaster research, practise, and management. This study hypothesised that well-being constructs involving an affective heuristic play vital roles in pathways to resilience as proximal determinants of health-protective behaviours. Specifically, this study examined the importance of health-related quality of life and subjective well-being in motivating evacuation preparedness, measured in a community sample (n=695) drawn from the general adult population of Wellington’s isolated eastern suburbs. Using a quantitative epidemiological approach, the study measured the prevalence of key quality of life indicators (physical and mental health, emotional well-being or “Sense of Coherence”, spiritual well-being, social well-being, and life satisfaction) using validated psychometric scales; analysed the strengths of association between these indicators and the level of evacuation preparedness at categorical and continuous levels of measurement; and tested the predictive power of the model to explain the variance in evacuation preparedness activity. This is the first study known to examine multi-dimensional positive health and global well-being as resilient processes for engaging in evacuation preparedness behaviour. A cross-sectional study design and quantitative survey were used to collect self-report data on the study variables; a postal questionnaire was fielded between November 2008 and March 2009 to a sampling frame developed through multi-stage cluster randomisation. The survey response rate was 28.5%, yielding a margin of error of +/- 3.8% with 95% confidence and 80% statistical power to detect a true correlation coefficient of 0.11 or greater. In addition to the primary study variables, data were collected on demographic and ancillary variables relating to contextual factors in the physical environment (risk perception of physical and personal vulnerability to disaster) and the social environment (through the construct of self-determination), and other measures of disaster preparedness. These data are reserved for future analyses. Results of correlational and regression analyses for the primary study variables show that Wellingtonians are highly individualistic in how their well-being influences their preparedness, and a majority are taking inadequate action to build their resilience to future disaster from earthquake- or tsunami-triggered evacuation. At a population level, the conceptual multi-dimensional model of health-related quality of life and global well-being tested in this study shows a positive association with evacuation preparedness at statistically significant levels. However, it must be emphasised that the strength of this relationship is weak, accounting for only 5-7% of the variability in evacuation preparedness. No single dimension of health-related quality of life or well-being stands out as a strong predictor of preparedness. The strongest associations for preparedness are in a positive direction for spiritual well-being, emotional well-being, and life satisfaction; all involve a sense of existential meaningfulness. Spiritual well-being is the only quality of life variable making a statistically significant unique contribution to explaining the variance observed in the regression models. Physical health status is weakly associated with preparedness in a negative direction at a continuous level of measurement. No association was found at statistically significant levels for mental health status and social well-being. These findings indicate that engaging in evacuation preparedness is a very complex, holistic, yet individualised decision-making process, and likely involves highly subjective considerations for what is personally relevant. Gender is not a factor. Those 18-24 years of age are least likely to prepare and evacuation preparedness increases with age. Multidimensional health and global well-being are important constructs to consider in disaster resilience for both pre-event and post-event timeframes. This work indicates a need for promoting self-management of risk and building resilience by incorporating a sense of personal meaning and importance into preparedness actions, and for future research into further understanding preparedness motivations.
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Leas, Loranie, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Cardiovascular health behaviours and health needs among people with psychiatric disabilities." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051208.095530.

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Recent research in Australia has found that people with a mental illness experience higher mortality rates from preventable illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and diabetes compared to the general population. Lifestyle and other behavioural factors contribute significantly to these illnesses. Lifestyle behaviours that affect these illnesses include lack of physical activity, consumption of a poor diet and cigarette smoking. Research on the influence of these factors has been mainly directed towards the mainstream population in Australia. Consequently, there remains limited understanding of health behaviours among individuals with psychiatric disabilities, their health needs, or factors influencing their participation in protective health behaviours. This thesis presents findings from two studies. Study 1 evaluated the utility of the main components of Roger’s (1983) Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to explain health behaviours among people with a mental illness. A clinical population of individuals with schizophrenia (N=83), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (N=70) and individuals without a mental illness (N=147) participated in the study. Respondents provided information on intentions and self-reported behaviour of engaging in physical activity, following a low-fat diet, and stopping smoking. Study 2 investigated the health care service needs of people with psychiatric disabilities (N=20). Results indicated that the prevalence of overweight, cigarette smoking and a sedentary lifestyle were significantly greater among people with a mental illness compared to that reported for individuals without a mental illness. Major predictors of the lack of intentions to adopt health behaviours among individuals with schizophrenia and MDD were high levels of fear of cardiovascular disease, lack of knowledge of correct dietary principles, lower self-efficacy, a limited social support network and a high level of psychiatric symptoms. In addition, findings demonstrated that psychiatric patients are disproportionately higher users of medical services, but they are under-users of preventive medical care services. These differences are primarily due to a lack of focus on preventive health, feelings of disempowerment and lower satisfaction of patient-doctor relationships. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of designing education and preventive programs for individuals with schizophrenia and MDD.
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Malo, Teri. "Numeracy, Cancer Risk Perceptions, and Self-Protective Behaviors among U.S. Adults." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3229.

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Individuals have become more involved in health-related decisions, in part due to an unprecedented access to information that can be used to enhance both physical and mental health. Much of this health-related information is presented in a numerical format; unfortunately, research suggests many Americans may not possess the literacy skills necessary to comprehend numerical health-related information. More research needs to be conducted to examine numeracy and its role in cancer risk perceptions, and how those risk perceptions relate to cancer self-protective behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to: (a) examine socio-demographic variables associated with numeracy, (b) determine which factors are associated with cancer risk perceptions, and (c) apply the Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) Framework to examine associations between risk perception groups and cancer self-protective behaviors. The study used data from the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), which was developed by the National Cancer Institute to collect nationally representative data on the U.S. public's use of cancer-related information. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between each dependent variable and independent variables associated with each research question. Results indicated age and education were associated with objective numeracy, whereas age, education, and occupational status were associated with subjective numeracy. Among participants with a previous cancer diagnosis, objective numeracy and smoking status were associated with a somewhat high/very high perceived risk of developing cancer in the future. Age, race/ethnicity, family cancer history, smoking status, and self-reported general health were associated with a somewhat high/very high perceived risk of developing cancer in the future among participants without a previous cancer diagnosis. RPA group was not significantly associated with cancer self-protective behaviors. Findings from this study have important implications for public health, including health communication and interventions designed to enhance health behaviors. Future research should focus on using a full objective numeracy scale with a nationally representative population and examining temporal relationships between cancer risk perceptions and health behaviors.
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Puckett, Theresa Louise. "The Influence of Risk and Protective Factors on Health-Compromising Behaviors among Incarcerated Juveniles." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1279594086.

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Books on the topic "Protective health behaviours"

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Wiener, Jonathan Baert, and John D. Graham. Risk versus risk: Tradeoffs in protecting health and the environment. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1997.

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Sims, David E. Livestock protection dogs: Selection, care and training. Ft. Payne, AL: OTR Publications, 1990.

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1952-, Dawydiak Orysia, ed. Livestock protection dogs: Selection, care, and training. Ft. Payne, AL: OTR Publications, 1990.

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1956-, Graham John D., and Wiener Jonathan Baert 1962-, eds. Risk versus risk: Tradeoffs in protecting health and the environment. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1995.

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Beuhring, Trisha. Protecting teens: Beyond race, income and family structure. Minneapolis, MN: Center for Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota, 2000.

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Vulnerability and the art of protection: Embodiment and health care in Moroccan households. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Press, 2012.

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Wittenberg, Jonathan. Protecting the next generation in Malawi: New evidence on adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs. New York, NY: Guttmacher Institute, 2007.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- ). Protecting our children's mental health: Preventing and addressing childhood trauma in Indian country : hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session, November 19, 2014. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015.

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Albert, Gore. Earth in the balance: Ecology and the human spirit. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Plume, 1993.

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Albert, Gore. La tierra en juego: Ecología y conciencia humana. Buenos Aires: Emecé Editores, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Protective health behaviours"

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Castelluccia, Claude. "Behavioural Tracking on the Internet: A Technical Perspective." In European Data Protection: In Good Health?, 21–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2903-2_2.

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Torrez-Ruiz, Marisa S., Sandra Soto, Nanette V. Lopez, and Elva M. Arredondo. "A Strength-Based Approach to Cancer Prevention in Latinxs." In Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos, 177–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14436-3_15.

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AbstractAs Latinxs become exposed to US culture, their risk for many chronic diseases increases, including the risk of cancer. On average, less acculturated Latinxs consume more nutrient-dense foods including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; they are also more active than their US counterparts because they use active transportation. Cultural and behavioral patterns of recent immigrants may prove to be protective; these patterns are based on the Latinx values of collectivism, familismo, and personalismo. As generational status in the United States increases, positive health behaviors related to dietary intake and activity diminish. Interventions that reinforce these practices may mitigate the negative effects of the acculturation process by capitalizing on behaviors that are protective against the risk of cancer. Traditional Latinx cultural values can be integrated into public health practice and intervention, preserving traditional Latinx practices that are protective and promote positive health outcomes. The integration of cultural beliefs and values into research studies will increase relevancy for Latinx participants and contribute to compliance and long-term participation for improved population health.
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Jessor, Richard, Mark S. Turbin, and Frances M. Costa. "The Role of Protection in Adolescent Health Behavior." In Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development, 549–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51349-2_27.

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Decarli, Alessandro, Blaise Pierrehumbert, André Schulz, and Claus Vögele. "Mental Health and Well-Being in Adolescence: The Role of Child Attachment and Parental Reflective Functioning." In Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit im Jugendalter, 129–49. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35744-3_7.

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AbstractAdolescence is a sensitive developmental period, with important changes occurring at biological, cognitive, emotional and social levels. As evidenced by several studies, adolescence is also a vulnerable period for the onset of serious mental disorders, which then tend to persist into adulthood. While there is ample evidence concerning risk factors of mental disorders in adolescence, a lot less is known about protective factors: however, one important protective factor to have emerged from recent research concerns attachment security. The aim of the current paper is to explore the effects of attachment on emotion regulation (in terms of physiological reactivity), autonomy and relatedness, and behavioral problems in adolescence, and how attachment is in turn influenced by parental reflective functioning (PRF), parenting behaviors (operationalized in terms of behaviors promoting and undermining autonomy relatedness) and parenting stress (in terms of cortisol reactivity). The findings point to the potential utility of interventions aimed at enhancing attachment security, thus allowing a better psychological adjustment, and at improving PRF, especially in divorced families, given its protective effect on parenting stress and parenting behaviors.
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Aseeva, Roza, Boris Serkov, and Andrey Sivenkov. "Heat Release Characteristics and Combustion Heat of Timber." In Fire Behavior and Fire Protection in Timber Buildings, 119–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7460-5_5.

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Lopez, Violeta, and Piyanee Klainin-Yobas. "Health Promotion Among Cancer Patients: Innovative Interventions." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 227–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_17.

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AbstractThere are growing interests in promoting health of patients with cancer targeting on prevention and control as there are several modifiable risk factors that can be controlled to prevent cancer such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and unhealthy behaviors. Once diagnosis of cancer has been determined, health promotion interventions can be targeted on helping patients overcome the physiological and psychological effects of the diagnosis. Health promotion interventions should continue during treatment, survivorship, and for those receiving palliative care. More specifically is the promotion of psychological health of patients with cancer. Introduction of the incidence of cancer, cancer risk protection interventions and innovative health promotion interventions along these different periods in the life of patients with cancer are presented. Some theoretical frameworks used in health promotion research with examples of studies are discussed.
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Spencer, Ruth Viola. "Improvement of Human and Environmental Health Through Waste Management in Antigua and Barbuda." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 215–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_12.

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AbstractAntigua and Barbuda is currently experiencing an expansion in integrated waste management driven by local community groups. These events are catalytic and transformational, fit well into SEPLS methodologies, and contribute to many of the biodiversity targets and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With waste being a direct driver of and major challenge for biodiversity, climate change and land degradation, many positive multi-dimensional impacts are being seen, realised and manifested that contribute positively to reducing land-based sources of pollution through community stewardship. Such local actions positively impact the sustainable management of natural resources and the protection of habitats. Likewise, they support land degradation neutrality, protection and safeguarding of the ecosystems that provide our soil, air and water resources, sustain livelihoods, and facilitate transfer of knowledge to children and youth.This attempt to pilot a circular economy approach is providing vocational and life skills training, as well as income generation for the local community, including new forms of capacity building and development, while reducing soil, water and air pollution. Public-private partnerships built through this project are motivating other groups to follow a similar path to biodiversity transformation. Changes in attitudes and behaviours, and the building of knowledge and capacities in the next generation, is taking place through school and community outreach programmes.The project has led to community empowerment in understanding that everyone has a role to play in sustainable development and that through collective actions, changes to improve public health can be made.
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Man, Kaice, Wenda Tian, and Fei Yue. "A Design Method of Sports Protective Gear Based on Periodic Discrete Parameterization." In Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management. Anthropometry, Human Behavior, and Communication, 77–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05890-5_6.

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Chang, Kuo-Chi, Kai-Chun Chu, Yuh-Chung Lin, Trong-The Nguyen, Tien-Wen Sung, Yu-Wen Zhou, and Jeng-Shyang Pan. "Study on Health Protection Behavior Based on the Big Data of High-Tech Factory Production Line." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 571–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3308-2_63.

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Nordberg, Ana. "Biobank and Biomedical Research: Responsibilities of Controllers and Processors Under the EU General Data Protection Regulation." In GDPR and Biobanking, 61–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49388-2_5.

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AbstractBiobanks are essential infrastructures in current health and biomedical research. Advanced scientific research increasingly relies on processing and correlating large amounts of genetic, clinical and behavioural data. These data are particularly sensitive in nature and the risk of privacy invasion and misuse is high. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) developed and increased harmonisation, resulting in a framework in which the specific duties and obligations of entities processing personal data—controllers and processors—were defined. Biobanks, in the exercise of their functions, assume the role of controllers and/or processors and as such need to comply with a number of complex rules. This chapter analyses these rules in the light of Article 89 GDPR, which creates safeguards and derogations relating to ‘processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes’. It identifies key compliance challenges faced by biobanks as data controllers and processors, such as determining whether the GDPR is applicable and its intersection with other regulations; when a biobank should be considered controller and processor; and what are the main duties of biobanks as data controllers and processors and options for compliance.
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Conference papers on the topic "Protective health behaviours"

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Peters, Cheryl, Ela Rydz, Andrew Harper, Brandon Leong, Victoria H. Arrandale, Sunil Kalia, Thomas Tenkate, Lindsay Forsman-Phillips, and D. Linn Holness. "O-277 Solar UVR exposure among outdoor workers in Alberta: Measurements and protective behaviours." In 28th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2021). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2021-epi.121.

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Burch, KA, and JL Barnes-Farrell. "569 Influence of work and personal-protective factors on commuting safety behaviours: a growth modelling approach." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1752.

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Hughes, Charles E., Thomas Hall, Kathleen Ingraham, Jennifer A. Epstein, and Darin E. Hughes. "Enhancing protective role-playing behaviors through avatar-based scenarios." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/segah.2016.7586229.

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Lizar, Budi Septhian, Friska Ernita Sitorus, and Jon Piter Sinaga. "Analysis Factors of Nurse Behavior using Self-protective Equipment at Sembiring Hospital." In International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009516104030410.

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Samosir, Frans Judea, Ermi Girsang, Dameria, Tarianna Ginting, Hartono, Victor Trimanjaya Hulu, and Rizky Pratama Oentario. "Factors Related to Workers’ Behavior on the Use of Personal Protective Equipment." In International Conference on Health Informatics, Medical, Biological Engineering, and Pharmaceutical. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010292101660173.

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Shallenberger, Leba G., Deena L. Buford, and Glen A. Douglas. "Beyond Information: Using Social Marketing Techniques to Promote the Adoption of Protective Travel-Health Behaviors." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/111643-ms.

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Markmee, P., S. Taneepanichskul, and R. S. Chapman. "Effectiveness of a pesticide protective behavior program in improving and reducing neuromuscular symptoms among rice farmers in Sukhothai province, Thailand." In ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ehr130051.

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Zoubi, Deena Al, and Reem Al-Faris. "3B.002 Protecting generations from risky behaviors in jordan – royal health awareness society." In Virtual Pre-Conference Global Injury Prevention Showcase 2021 – Abstract Book. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-safety.67.

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"Magnetic Pre-Loading for a Tonpilz-Type Acoustic Projector." In Structural Health Monitoring. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901311-1.

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Abstract. This paper describes a new magnet-based method for applying a compressive pre-load to the piezoceramic elements of a Tonpilz-type acoustic projector, with the advantage of lower damping due to mechanical friction and a greater range of unhampered resonant motion since no plate spring is required. The Tonpilz-type acoustic projector can be applied to structural health monitoring studies involving air coupled ultrasound. Acoustic model predictions and the measured behaviour of a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal (RFSC) based prototype device, operating in air, are presented and show good correlation. With a 5 V drive, at 9420 Hz resonance, the prototype device generates a sound pressure level of 113 dB measured at an axial distance of 5 mm. The maximum peak tip displacement of the device’s head mass is predicted to be 0.7 µm at resonance. This is well within the 2 µm displacement produced by the 90 N magnetic pre-load, thus protecting the RFSC ceramic element from damaging tensile stress.
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Kumala, Yovita Eka Ratna, Setyo Sri Rahardjo, and Endang Sutisna Sulaeman. "Factors Affecting the Use Of Personal Protective Equipment among Tobacco Farmers: Application of Theory of Planned Behavior in Temanggung, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.54.

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Reports on the topic "Protective health behaviours"

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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.

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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Kenny, Caroline. Parental Alcohol Misuse and Children. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn570.

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Parental Alcohol Misuse (PAM) can negatively affect children’s physical and mental health, and other outcomes including educational attainment and behaviour. Effects can be acute when experienced in conjunction with other adverse experiences such as domestic abuse, marital conflict, and deprivation. PAM is a common feature in child protection and care proceedings, and places a considerable burden on social services.
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Floyd, Jason, and Daniel Madrzykowski. Analysis of a Near Miss in a Garden Apartment Fire – Georgia 2022. UL's Fire Safety Research Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/rsfd6862.

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On February 9, 2022, Cobb County Fire and Emergency Services responded to a fire in a ground floor unit in a garden apartment building. At arrival, the fire was a post-flashover fire in a bedroom. Initial fire control was attempted by an interior fire attack team which was unable to quickly locate the fire. Exterior suppression through the bedroom window was started prior to discovery of the fire by the interior team. Shortly after fire discovery by the internal team, a mayday was called. Four firefighters from the interior fire attack team received first and second degree burns. This report analyzes photographic, video, and written documentation from the incident to evaluate the timeline of the incident and to assess the fire conditions present. Computer modeling using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was performed to provide further insight into the fire conditions and the impact of decisions and actions on the fire ground. Additionally, data from a full scale fire test of a similar fire in a similar structure was used to provide additional insight. Four FDS simulations were performed in support of the analysis. These included a simulation of the event as it unfolded and three simulations looking at the impact of alternate tactics which included: initial exterior attack prior to entry, the use of a smoke curtain to protect the building exit path, and interior only attack. FDS simulations provided insight on the heat present in the apartment during the fire and the impact of the interior and exterior suppression on conditions inside the apartment. Full scale test data of a similar fire showed similar behavior to the FDS predictions and gives credence to the FDS results. Results of the analysis suggest that injuries resulted from the length of time the interior attack team was present inside the apartment before actions were taken to reduce the severity of the fire. Six contributing factors were identified including size-up, communication and accountability, delayed exterior attack, lack of entry hall protection, the apartment layout and construction, thermal imager use, and mayday procedures and training. The last contributing factor was a positive contribution that helped avoid more serious injuries. Based on the contributing factors, five recommendations were made that include improved size-up, exterior fire control to prevent exterior spread, protection of exit pathways, basing fire ground tactics on known information, and recognizing when a change in tactics is needed.
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Programming for HIV prevention among college students in Thailand. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2003.1012.

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As national education programs incorporate HIV prevention into school curricula, policymakers and educators need to know what they can expect from these initiatives. Can such courses influence the behavior of students as well as their knowledge and attitudes? If not, what can these courses reasonably be expected to accomplish, and what part can they play in overall HIV programming for youth? To help answer these questions, the Thai Ministry of Education, the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), and the Horizons Program embarked on a study to examine the outcomes of a school-based HIV/AIDS program for Thai college students. The curriculum for the “Teens on Smart Sex” Program consists of eight two-hour sessions conducted once a week among college-age students. As noted in this brief, the program successfully improved students’ HIV-related knowledge and attitudes about people living with HIV/AIDS. It also improved female students’ attitudes about condom use and increased actual use. There was no evidence, however, of the adoption of other protective behaviors, such as abstinence, among males and females. Evaluation findings are being used to strengthen course activities so that course impact can result in greater behavior change.
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Tuko Pamoja: A guide for talking with young people about their reproductive health. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1017.

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This guide was developed for public health technicians working with the Ministry of Health as part of the Kenya Adolescent Reproductive Health Project Tuko Pamoja (We Are Together). It can be used by anyone wishing to broaden their understanding of adolescent reproductive health (RH) issues and improve communication with young people. Providing young people with support by talking with and listening to them as well as ensuring they have access to accurate information can help them understand the wide range of changes they are experiencing during adolescence. Although parents, teachers, religious and community leaders, and health-care providers are expected to educate adolescents about personal and physical development, relationships, and their roles in society, it may be difficult for them to do so in a comfortable and unbiased way. For these reasons, it is important to meet adolescents’ need for information and services. Adolescent RH education provides information about reproductive physiology and puberty; protective behavior; and the responsibilities and consequences that come with sexual activity. Providing young people with accurate RH information promotes sexual health and well-being, and supports healthy, responsible, and positive life experiences, as well as preventing disease and unintended pregnancy.
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Involving youth in the care and support of people affected by HIV and AIDS. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2003.1016.

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Young people in Zambia who were trained to provide care and support to individuals and families affected by AIDS have proven to be a vital resource to their communities. In a country where adult HIV prevalence is 13 percent among males and 18 percent among females, communities are seeking new ways of helping those infected and affected by the disease. As the needs of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHA) and orphans and vulnerable children continue to escalate, results from an intervention study by the Horizons Program, in partnership with Care International and Family Health Trust, provide a promising picture of young peoples’ potential to contribute to community-based care and support activities. The study also indicates that involving young people in the care and support of persons affected by HIV and AIDS may have a positive effect on their adoption of protective behaviors. As noted in this brief, this quasi-experimental intervention study sought to determine which care and support needs of PLHA and their families can be met by trained youth and to establish whether youth engaged in formalized care and support activities would increase their adoption of protective behaviors.
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Zambia: Peer educators can promote safer sex behaviors. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2001.1031.

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Zambian adolescents are at high risk of unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and HIV infection due to early sexual initiation, low use of contraceptives and condoms, and other high-risk sexual behaviors. During 1996–1998, CARE Zambia and the Population Council conducted a study to test community-based approaches to improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health. CARE Zambia talked to adolescents in four communities outside Lusaka. Using participatory learning and action techniques, researchers identified factors leading to high-risk sexual behaviors, including lack of economic, recreational, and educational opportunities for youth. This information helped to design the study. Two interventions—condom distribution by peer educators and small business loans to youth—led to safer sexual practices among adolescents in peri-urban communities. Both program participants and their peers reported an increase in abstinence and monogamy and a decrease in STIs. As noted in this brief, youth in the intervention areas were better informed about ways to prevent HIV/AIDS than those in the control group, however the interventions did not lead to greater use of contraception or condoms for dual protection.
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