Relevant bibliographies by topics / Protectionism – European Union countries

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Protectionism – European Union countries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Protectionism – European Union countries"

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Chidlir Erisnesia, Newfreedo. "CPC as Indonesia and Malaysia's Response to European Union Protectionism For the 2015 - 2019 Period." Journal of Sosial Science 2, no. 5 (2021): 685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jss.v2i5.197.

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Crude Palm Oil (CPO) or better known as palm oil is the leading export commodity of Indonesia and Malaysia in improving their country's economy, Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest palm oil producers in the world, production reaches 80% and 20% of them are coconut producing countries. another palm. Palm oil gets quite a lot of importers annually, India and the European Union are the biggest consumers of this palm oil, although the European Union is the largest consumer of palm oil, the European Union has its regulations for palm oil, triggering the RED II Renewable Energy Directive regulati
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Langhammer, Rolf J. "EEC Trade Policies towards Asian Developing Countries." Asian Development Review 04, no. 02 (1986): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110586000106.

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In recent years, there has been growing international concern about protectionist tendencies in industrial countries against exports from the developing world. Estimates show that during the early 1980s, protectionist measures covered an increasing extent of the exports of developing countries. The evidence indicates that compared with Japan and the United States, the European Economic Community (EEC) has the highest relative level of manufactured imports facing non-tariff barriers and also the greatest increase of such trade restrictions. This may seem to suggest that the high rates of unempl
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Jacobi, Otto. "Transnational trade union cooperation at global and European level - opportunities and obstacles." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 6, no. 1 (2000): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890000600104.

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As globalisation of the economy proceeds apace, it is essential for trade unions to co-operate on a transnational basis if global capitalism is to be civilised. This contribution argues that problems with global trade union co-operation stem from the fact that people's social interests differ greatly according to the different stages of economic development reached in the First World, the newly industrialised countries, the transition economies and the countries of the Third World. It suggests that global co-operation amongst trade unions can only be achieved by doing away with protectionism a
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Khadzhynov, I. V., and O. V. Ruzhynskas. "METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF NEO-PROTECTIONISM IN THE ERA OF DIGITALIZATION." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Ekonomìka 11, no. 22 (2021): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2822-2021-11-22-59-67.

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The article is devoted to defining the methodological foundations of neoprotectionism in the era of digitization. It was determined that the current state of global economic development contributes to the transformation of the production paradigm, and it also changes the traditional perception of the foreign economic strategies of the countries in the world. The traditional view of scientists on the policy of protectionism was considered. The consequences of protectionist measures for countries in the long term were highlighted. It was substantiated that in the new conditions of post-industria
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Umarach, Maretha Syawallin. "THE PHENOMENON OF GREEN TRADE PROTECTIONISM: ANALYSIS OF THE EU PALM OIL IMPORT BAN IN THE ASEAN REGION." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Airlangga 31, no. 2 (2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jeba.v31i22021.103-116.

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Introduction: The policy issued by the European Union is the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) that turn creates barriers to palm oil exports from other countries to the European Union. The policy to ban palm oil under the pretext of protecting the environment is considered to be a new obstacle to trade. One of the rejection responses came from the ASEAN region. However, even though it has received a lot of protests and rejections, until 2020 the European Union has not changed its policy regarding the ban on the use of palm oil for biodiesel in the European region.Methods: This article focuses
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Iankova, Elena A., and Atanas G. Tzenev. "Determinants of Sovereign Investment Protectionism: the Case of Bulgaria’s Nuclear Energy Sector." Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies 6, no. 2 (2015): 35–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/omee.2015.6.2.14221.

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Foreign direct investment (FDI) by entities controlled by foreign governments (especially state-owned enterprises) is a new global phenomenon that is most often linked to the rise of emerging markets such as China and Russia. Host governments have struggled to properly react to this type of investment activity especially in key strategic sectors and critical infrastructure that ultimately raise questions of national security. Academic research on sovereign investment as a factor contributing to the new global protectionist trend is very limited, and predominantly focused on sovereign investors
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Kishore, Pallavi. "The Role of Consumer Protection in the Relations Between Asia and the European Union." Global Trade and Customs Journal 14, Issue 11/12 (2019): 537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2019066.

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This article examines the functioning of the European Union’s (EU’s) consumer protection law in an incident in which the EU banned Asian shrimps in order to protect its consumers and aims to answer the following questions: 1. Are the EU’s actions in compliance with its own law and the law of the World Trade Organization (WTO)? 2. What is the impact of these actions on international trade and on the EU’s trading partners especially if they are developing countries? The most important consequence of this incident is its restrictive impact on international trade and/or the use of consumer protect
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Sardelić, Julija. "The Exclusion of Roma and European Citizenship." Current History 120, no. 824 (2021): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.824.100.

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Some 10-15 million members of the Roma minority live in Europe; an estimated 6 million are citizens of the European Union. It was not until the 1990s that European Union institutions began treating Roma as an ethnic minority deserving of human rights protections. Concerns about mass migration of Roma from Eastern European countries where they face severe discrimination was one of the reasons the EU included protections for Roma among the conditions that candidate countries had to meet to qualify for consideration in its most recent rounds of enlargement. Those EU efforts have overlooked simila
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Sabirov, Nurshat, and Evgenia Vasyuta. "REBUILDING GLOBAL RESILIENCE: REGIONALISATION AND TRADE LIBERALISATION IN A FRAGMENTED ECONOMY." EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics, no. 3(52) (May 15, 2025): 7–14. https://doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.3(52).2025.7-14.

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Today, the world order is undergoing fundamental change. Globalization, once driven by interdependence, cross-border investments, and consumerism, is fading under repeated shocks: the 2008–2009 financial crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and Russia’s military operation in Ukraine. These disruptions have forced leaders to rethink the supply chains because they proved to be unreliable during a pandemic, a war, or a financial crisis. To address this, protectionist measures have gained traction, aiming to bolster supply chains against future external shocks. In our article, we analyze
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Nwangwu, Chikodiri, Chukwuemeka Enyiazu, Ejikeme Jombo Nwagwu, and Christian C. Ezeibe. "Regionalism in World Politics: Interrogating the Relevance of the Economic Community of West African States in Global Political Economy." Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 13, no. 2 (2019): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51870/cejiss.a130205.

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Globalisation has promoted the connections among sovereign states in the international political economy. Despite the preponderance of neo-protectionist tendencies in the United States and some European countries, the import of regionalism in global political economy has not waned. While economic regionalism was adopted in the advanced capitalist formations as a logical consequence of and/or the instrument for the universalisation of capitalism, the emergence and/or revival of regional groupings like the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was a reacti
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protectionism – European Union countries"

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Rasco, Clark Joseph. "Demographic trends in the European Union : political and strategic implicaitons /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FRasco.pdf.

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Li, Xin. "European identity, a case study." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555548.

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Krasniuk, S. O. "Adult learning technologies in the European Union countries." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10707.

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Slapin, Jonathan B. "Institutional design in the European Union how governments negotiated the Treaty of Amsterdam /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459915981&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Tan, Zu Jia. "Analysis on the integration of EU consumer credit markets : a co-integration analysis." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555572.

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Yucesan, Esin. "Stock Market Integration Between Turkey And European Union Countries." Thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605686/index.pdf.

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The objective of the study is to analyze the effects of two breakpoints on the relationships of Istanbul Stock Exchange with the European stock markets and on the relationships among these European stock markets to increase the economic integration. The breakpoints are the execution of the Customs Union Agreement of Turkey with the European Union in 1/1/1996 and the introduction of the Euro in 1/1/1999. While both breakpoints have effects on Turkey&rsquo<br>s economic relations, the European Union countries are expected to be influenced by only the introduction of the Euro. Stock market indice
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Nezhyvenko, Oksana. "Informal employment in Ukraine and European Union transition countries." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0047/document.

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L'emploi informel est devenu un sérieux défi pour l'économie ukrainienne et des pays en transition au cours de l'adaptation aux conditions du marché. La tendance du nombre de travailleurs qui participent au secteur informel est en hausse depuis les dernières années. Dans mes recherches, je vais présenter l'état actuel de l'emploi informel en Ukraine et les pays en transition. Une attention particulière est accordée à la répartition du travail entre les différentes catégories de population, en divisant les individus en cinq catégories (employés formels, employés informels, travailleurs indépend
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Etienne, Anne. "Towards European Integration: Do the European Union and Its Members Abide by the Same Principles?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4617/.

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In the last few decades the European Union (EU) and its members have emphasized the importance of human rights and the need to improve human rights conditions in Third World countries. In this research project, I attempted to find out whether the European Union and its members practice what they preach by giving precedence to countries that respect human rights through their Official Development Assistance (ODA) program. Furthermore, I tried to analyze whether European integration occurs at the foreign policy level through aid allocation. Based on the literatures on political conditionality an
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Shi, Feng. "Principles of European Union water law." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1944040.

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Dihel, Nora Carina. "Temporary movements of services providers from Central and Eastern European Countries into the European Union /." [Bucureşti] : Ed. DBH, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013195171&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Books on the topic "Protectionism – European Union countries"

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Engel, Eduardo M. R. A. Poisoned grapes, mad cows and protectionism. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Olga, Memedović, Kuyvenhoven Arie, Molle Willem, and Workshop on Multilateralism and Regionalism in the Post-Uruguay Round Era: What Role for the EU? (1997 : Rotterdam, Netherlands), eds. Multilateralism and regionalism in the post-Uruguay Round era: What role for the EU? Kluwer Academic, 1999.

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Gerig, Martin. Vollendung des EU-Energiebinnenmarktes vs. nationale Marktabschottungen: Europarechtskonformität mitgliedstaatlicher Fördermassnahmen und Kapazitätsmärkte am Beispiel Deutschlands. PL Academic Research, 2014.

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(Firm), Routledge, ed. European Union law. 6th ed. Routledge-Cavendish, 2009.

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(Firm), Routledge, ed. European Union law. 6th ed. Routledge-Cavendish, 2009.

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1934-, Wood David Michael, ed. Emerging European union. 5th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010.

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Hitiris, Theodore. European Union economics. 4th ed. Prentice Hall Europe, 1998.

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Cuthbert, Mike. European Union law. 5th ed. Cavendish, 2003.

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Davies, Karen. Understanding European Union law. 3rd ed. Routledge, 2007.

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Marc, Raworth Philip, ed. European Union law guide. Oceana, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Protectionism – European Union countries"

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Jinji, Naoto, Xingyuan Zhang, and Shoji Haruna. "Conclusion and Policy Implications." In Advances in Japanese Business and Economics. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5210-3_8.

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AbstractAfter about a quarter century of countries having pursued deep regional integration through negotiating on deep regional trade agreements (RTAs), we observed a number of historical events that symbolize the curbing of the trend of globalization in 2016. On June 24, 2016, the people of the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union (EU) in a referendum. On November 8, 2016, Mr. Donald Trump, who proposed the “America First” policy and a number of protectionist policies, such as the withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the construction of a substantial wall o
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Siles-Brügge, Gabriel. "Resisting ‘Protectionism’: The EU-Korea Free Trade Agreement." In Constructing European Union Trade Policy. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137331663_4.

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Eppler, Annegret. "European Union." In The Forum of Federations Handbook of Federal Countries 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42088-8_12.

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Le, Vo Phuong Mai, Patrick Minford, and Eric Nowell. "European Economic Policy: Protectionism as an Elite Strategy." In The European Union and World Politics. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230246188_12.

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Schneider, Friedrich. "Size of the Shadow Economies of 28 European Union Countries from 2003 to 2018." In European Union. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18103-1_6.

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Panić, M. "Postscript: A Comparison of EC and Gold Standard Countries." In European Monetary Union. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13452-6_6.

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Mundell, Robert A. "European Monetary Union and the International Monetary System." In The International System between New Integration and Neo-Protectionism. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24664-9_4.

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Agbo-Ejeh, Inebu C. "The European Union and ACP Countries." In Asymmetric Power Relations and International Trade Law. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032615059-4.

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Sissenich, Beate. "European Union Policies toward Accession Countries." In Public Opinion, Party Competition, and the European Union in Post-Communist Europe. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11500-3_2.

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Giaufret, Emanuele. "The European Development Fund." In The European Union and Developing Countries. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509184_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Protectionism – European Union countries"

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Machnik-Slomka, Joanna, Elzbieta Pawlowska, and Ewa Stawiarska. "INNOVATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN COUNTRIES EUROPEAN UNION." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s04/29.

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Innovation and human development are key determinants of social and economic progress. The purpose of the article focused on identifying the relationship between innovation and human development in European Union (EU) countries. In order to achieve the goal, qualitative methods were used by analyzing statistical data, source documents on the European Innovation Scoreboard published annually and the Human Development Index (HDI). A theoretical-cognitive analysis was also conducted. The results of the comparative analysis show that innovation and human development are strongly linked in European
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Ubaydullayeva, Saodat. "Analysing Collaborative Efforts Between Central Asian Countries and the European Union." In The Second Pamir Transboundary Conference for Sustainable Societies- | PAMIR. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5220/0012955000003882.

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Stawiarska, Ewa, Joanna Machnik-Slomka, and Elzbieta Pawlowska. "INNOVATION MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROMOBILITY IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s04/30.

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The article describes the model of the innovation management system, which is to be implemented in a group of enterprises and organizations related to the development of electromobility (hab for electromobility). The author of the article identified a research gap in the bibliography (concerning the weak cooperation of various organizations for the development of electromobility). The research gap identified in the literature prompted the formulation of the research problem, i.e.: �Enterprises and organizations cooperate poorly for the development of electromobility innovations�. The following
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Mkiyes, Hussein. "How the Fiscal Council Rules Influence the Fiscal Stability." In EDAMBA 2023: 26th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2023.9788022551274.164-174.

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Fiscal councils were established in many European Union countries to promote fiscal discipline and stability. However, fiscal instability persists in the EU. This study analyses the role of fiscal councils in achieving fiscal stability in the EU from 2011-2021 using panel data and the LSDV model. The results indicate a strong causal relationship between fiscal councils and improved fiscal performance. Fiscal councils with legal independence, adequate staffing, budget protections, and fiscal rule monitoring authority demonstrated the greatest impact. However, the effectiveness of fiscal council
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Macerinskiene, Irena. "INTANGIBLES ASSESSMENT IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b24/s7.050.

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Dudaitė, Jolita, Rūta Dačiulytė, and Jolanta Navickaitė. "LIFELONG LEARNING SITUATION IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In 14th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2021.1679.

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Wibowo, Rudi, and Ratnawati Ratnawati. "Conflict Dynamics Of Protectionism Policy Trading Of Biofuel Commodities Between Indonesia And The European Union." In LPPM UPN "VETERAN" Yogyakarta International Conference Series 2020. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/pss.v1i1.200.

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The dynamics of the conflict in bio-fuel commodity trade policies was triggered by the conflict of economic interests between Indonesia and the European Union. A series of steps for negotiation and diplomacy were taken by the government and Indonesian business actors to negotiate and resolve these problems by holding talks with important (state) actors in Europe.
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Cikes, N., J. Dudler, F. Lioté, DE Bax, and NDS Bax. "THU0596 Rheumatology specialty training in european union countries." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.3314.

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Bir iakova, Na a., Jana Stavkova, and Veronika Anto ova. "Income Poverty in Selected Countries of the European Union." In 2013 International Conference on the Modern Development of Humanities and Social Science. Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mdhss-13.2013.124.

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Albu, Angela. "CORRELATION BETWEEN INNOVATION AND COMPETITIVENESS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/1.3/s04.066.

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Reports on the topic "Protectionism – European Union countries"

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Gutman, Éva. FDI screening regime of the European Union, is a way toward protectionism? ELTE Faculty of Law, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58360/20240607-gutman.

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Foreign direct investment is undeniably one of the drivers of economic development, and as such, it has economic benefits, and functions as a catalysator for international trade and globalization. Even though its positive returns, might be reasons to be restricted, especially when the planned FDI transaction conflicts with the public order or security interest of a State. To 2017, several trading partners of the European Union already established FDI screening mechanisms or restrictive measures, what caused inequality toward the Union. Furthermore, more Member States had already introduced FDI
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Havlík, Vlastimil, and Alena Kluknavská. Our people first (again)! The impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on the populist Radical Right in the Czech Republic. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0015.

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The report examines the impact of the war on the Czech populist Radical Right Freedom and Democracy Party (SDP) and its reaction to the war. Among the countries of the European Union (EU), the Czech Republic has become one of the most outspoken supporters of Ukraine, creating specific discursive opportunities for populist Radical Right actors. The paper investigates the supply and demand side of populist Radical Right politics, focusing on how the party positioned itself to attract support facing the challenge of reading and accommodating new public sentiments. We use qualitative analysis of t
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Tomás, Inês, and Ricardo Barradas. Household indebtedness in the European Union countries: Going beyond the mainstream interpretation. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.03.

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Domínguez, Roberto. Perceptions of the European Union in Latin America. Fundación Carolina, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dt76en.

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This working paper examines the puzzle of the gaps between the images that the EU projects, voluntarily and involuntarily, and the perceptions of the EU in Latin America. After reviewing some of the debates related to the role of perceptions in public policy and EU Public Diplomacy (EUPD), the paper analyzes some critical developments in global perceptions of the EU based on the study Update of the 2015 Analysis of the Perception of the EU and EU Policies Abroad (2021 Update Study), which assessed the attitudes of the EU in 13 countries. The third section examines some studies on the attitudes
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Carbo-Valverde, Santiago, Edward Kane, and Francisco Rodriguez-Fernandez. Evidence of Differences in the Effectiveness of Safety-Net Management in European Union Countries. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13782.

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Park, Cyn-Young, Yuya Yamamoto, and Maria Anne Lorraine Doong. European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Economic Impact and Implications for Asia. Asian Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf230561-2.

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This brief assesses the impact of the European Union’s carbon tariffs on energy-intensive exports from Asia and the Pacific and shows how upgrading product value, boosting energy efficiency, and cutting emissions can help mitigate its effect. It explains how the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is designed to prevent carbon leakage–where industries shift to countries with less stringent environmental rules. Providing a regional breakdown, the brief shows how sectors including Indian steel and Georgian fertilizer are among those hit. It outlines how steps such as developing and integra
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Barragán, Jaime. European Investment Bank's (EIB) Role & Experience in European Public Private Partnerships. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006727.

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Presentation delivered during the event "Experiencias de Provisión y Financiamiento de Infraestructura bajo Asociaciones Público-Privadas (APPs)", held at the Inter-American Development Bank headquarters, Washington D.C., December 8-9, 2005. It analyses the drivers for Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the European Union (EU). Tracks PPP activities that European countries have been engaged in and outlines the lessons learned and policy framework for PPPs in the EU.
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Bunse, Simone, Elise Remling, Anniek Barnhoorn, Manon du Bus de Warnaffe, Karen Meijer, and Dominik Rehbaum. Advancing European Union Action to Address Climate-related Security Risks. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/rzme5933.

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The Ukraine war has added to the pressure to address the links between the environment, natural resource management and conflict. This SIPRI Research Policy Paper assesses the priorities of selected European Union (EU) member states regarding climate-related security risks, explores their strategies for pursuing these at EU level and identifies steps for further action. It finds that the appetite to tackle climate-related security risks at EU level is mixed. While maintaining the operational efficiency of the military is a red line, concentrating efforts on research, development and peacekeepi
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Zabludovsky, Jaime, and Sergio Gómez Lora. The European Window: Challenges in the Negotiation of Mexico's Free Trade Agreement with the European Union. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011110.

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On 1 July 2000 regulations to liberalize trade flows between Mexico and the European Union came into force, after more than six years of diplomatic work and complex negotiations. These regulations are part of the ¿Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLCUEM), which is also one of the components of the Agreement on Economic Association, Political Concertation and Cooperation (¿Global Agreement¿). The Global Agreement through its three components ¿ political dialogue, trade liberalization and cooperation- was at the time the most ambitious agreement ever constituted by the EU. The economic association com
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Barradas, Ricardo. Drivers of private consumption in the era of financialisation: new evidence for the European Union countries. DINAMIA'CET-IUL, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2017.04.

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