Academic literature on the topic 'Protectionism Australia'

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Journal articles on the topic "Protectionism Australia"

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ZHOU, WEIHUAN. "Circumvention and Anti-Circumvention: Rising Protectionism in Australia." World Trade Review 15, no. 3 (January 14, 2016): 495–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745615000762.

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AbstractThe article discusses circumvention and anti-circumvention in international trade with a focus on Australia's anti-circumvention mechanism and in particular the first anti-circumvention investigation in Australia. It identifies the major issues relating to circumvention and anti-circumvention in the GATT/WTO negotiations which have led to the failure of WTO members to conclude uniform rules on anti-circumvention. The article argues that multilateral anti-circumvention rules are necessary to standardize national anti-circumvention laws and practice and discipline unilateral use of anti-circumvention measures. The article further argues that Australia's anti-circumvention law and practice, as reflected in its first anti-circumvention investigation, may have violated WTO rules and is likely to lead to increasing protectionism to cost of WTO members and Australia's FTA trading partners. Australia's unjustified use of anti-circumvention measures is unlikely to foster the development of its import-competing industries and may provoke retaliation by other countries.
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Islam, M. Rafiqul, and Md Rizwanul Islam. "The Proposed Australia-China FTA: Protectionism over Complementarity?" Legal Issues of Economic Integration 37, Issue 3 (August 1, 2010): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2010016.

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This article deals with the proposed high-profile Australia-China Free Trade Agreement (FTA). It recognizes their economic complementarities for an FTA. However, their negotiations reveal many competing interests, militating against an FTA. If political enthusiasm succeeds in concluding this FTA, it is likely to fall short of delivering the projected economic benefits. This FTA will possibly be an inward looking discriminatory trading arrangement with exclusive preference to each other in selective sectors and protection against non-members, inconsistent with Article XXIV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Such protectionist obsessions have become an obstructive alternative to multilateral nondiscriminatory trade rendering it more onerous and less viable. Concluding such an FTA, at a time when World Trade Organization (WTO) Panels and Appellate Body (AB) are increasingly dealing with FTA disputes, may result in a legal challenge. The booming Australian and Chinese export sectors need open global markets to maximize their full trade potentials, which can be achieved through the completion of the Doha Round.
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Anderson, Kym. "TRADE PROTECTIONISM IN AUSTRALIA: ITS GROWTH AND DISMANTLING." Journal of Economic Surveys 34, no. 5 (August 5, 2020): 1044–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joes.12388.

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Gupta, Pralok. "Cross-border labor mobility in information technology services: A quantitative approach to estimate protectionism in selected developed country markets." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 05, no. 01 (February 2014): 1440004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993314400043.

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This paper analyzes regulatory measures affecting cross-border labor movement (mode 4 of services trade) in Information Technology (IT) services for selected developed countries (Australia, Canada, UK and US). It contributes to the existing literature by developing a template for quantifying the qualitative nature of regulations affecting the mode 4 service trade. It constructs trade restrictiveness indices for assessing protectionism affecting the temporary movement of Indian IT professionals to these countries in the pre- and post-recession periods. It finds that developed country IT markets have become more protectionist after the recent financial crisis, mainly on account of stricter immigration measures in these countries.
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Kiefel, Susan, and Gonzalo Villalta Puig. "The Constitutionalisation of Free Trade by the High Court of Australia and the Court of Justice of the European Union." Global Journal of Comparative Law 3, no. 1 (May 29, 2014): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00301002.

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Together with matters of multilateral and bilateral regulation, domestic regulation affects the law and policy of economic relations between the European Union (eu) and Australia. This article discusses the constitutional determinants of the Australian single market and the significance to its development of the free trade jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union. When Australia was federated, free trade between the States and the removal of barriers at the borders were at the forefront of constitutional objectives. They find expression in Section 92 of the Australian Constitution. It took some time for the jurisprudence to develop by reference to principles of competition. Recent decisions of the High Court of Australia highlight the need to prove that a law or measure may have anti-competitive effects within a market to hold it invalid. Application of this (unacknowledged) test of proportionality invites comparison with eu law and opens to question the usefulness of protectionism as a criterion of constitutional invalidity for trade without borders in the ‘new economy’.
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Glasgow, David. "The Law of the Jungle: Advocating for Animals in Australia." Deakin Law Review 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2008vol13no1art156.

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<p>A movement of activist ‘animal lawyers’ has recently arrived in Australia. This article contends that Australian lawyers have a significant role to play in advancing the animal protection cause. Part I discusses the philosophical foundation of the modern animal protection movement and describes the<br />important theoretical divide that splits it into animal ‘welfare’ and animal ‘rights’. Part II explains the Australian legal regime governing animal protection to show how the law acts as a site of exploitation. Part III explores the role of lawyers within the movement. It does this by appraising<br />the obstacles in the way of animal protectionism and exploring what makes an effective lawyer advocate. It then uses a case study of battery hens to demonstrate the valuable role lawyers can play to support the animal cause.</p>
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Conlon, R. M. "An Overview of Protection of Australian Manufacturing: Past, Present and Future." Economic and Labour Relations Review 5, no. 1 (June 1994): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469400500112.

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Australia, and before Federation, the colonies, have long histories of tariff protection. However, by the end of this century tariffs for imports of most commodities will have been lowered to negligible levels. This paper briefly examines the history of the tariff and the changing structure of assistance to manufacturing in the 1980s and 1990s. As the tariff has been dismantled, a variety of alternative measures have been implemented. Thus, while the ‘old’ protectionism of tariffs on imports has been discredited, a ‘new’ form of protectionism — much to do with providing assistance for exports — has arisen to at least partially take its place. The protective effects of many of these measures is far less apparent and possibly more deleterious than the tariffs they replace.
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MOON, Don. "East Asian Regionalism: A New Momentum for Multilateralism?" East Asian Policy 11, no. 03 (July 2019): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930519000229.

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East Asian countries continue to sign mega-Free Trade Agreements, indicating certain momentum for promoting cooperative economic relationships, despite protectionism fears. This paper examines East Asian regionalism after the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 and discusses the dynamics of institution building among the United States, China and Japan. It also explores what ASEAN countries, South Korea and Australia should do to mitigate the tension in the region and facilitate progress in the open economic order.
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Smart, Judith. "The Politics of the Small Purse: The Mobilization of Housewives in Interwar Australia." International Labor and Working-Class History 77, no. 1 (2010): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790999024x.

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AbstractThe Housewives' Associations were the largest women's organizations in Australia during the interwar years and were the first consumer-watch agencies. This article examines the gendered economic identity they cultivated in successfully mobilizing women under the banner of free-market economics against the protectionism of the mainstream political parties and the labor movement. In challenging the dominant economic discourse, they asserted the claims of consumption to the same status and recognition in the functioning of the economic system as the overwhelmingly masculine forces of capital and labor. In the process, they also threw into question the relevance of class as a basis for women's political activism.
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Lake, Marilyn. "Feminism and the gendered politics of antiracism, Australia 1927–1957: From maternal protectionism to leftist assimilationism." Australian Historical Studies 29, no. 110 (April 1998): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314619808596062.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protectionism Australia"

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Kuhn, Rick. "Paradise on the instalment plan: the economic thought of the Australian labour movement between the depression and the long boom." Phd thesis, http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1271, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/7450.

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The period between the depression of the 1930s and the long post-war boom saw the development of the contemporary shape of the labour movement's economic thought, with its dichotomy between moderate and left nationalist currents. This development is examined in terms of the nature of the main organisations of the labour movement, economic conditions, the ideological proclivities of different classes and the levelof the class struggle. The main areas of economic thought examined are theories of Australia's place in the world economy, the class anatomy of Australian capitalism and of economic crises. During the late 1930s laborites continued to express a longstanding commitment to national development through tariff protection and wariness of overseas loans. Moderate ideas of the possibilities for overcoming class conflicts increasingly displaced radical Money Power theory after the depression. While monetary and real underconsumptionism continued to be the main explanations of economic crises offered by laborites, both ALP politicians and union officials became aware of Keynesian economics and the legitimacy it provided for longstanding Labor policies. The advent of the Popular Front period in the international communist movement saw the Communist Party of Australia move from a revolutionary internationalist towards a politically more conservative left nationalist position, sharing assumptions with Money Power theorists, despite the rise in the level of industrial struggle. The Communist conviction in radical underconsumptionist theory of inevitable economic crises began to weaken. World War II and the advent of the Curtin Government saw the leadership of the ALP embrace Keynesian economics and its priorities. This was expressed in both foreign economic and domestic policies, but was qualified by a keen appreciation of the requirements of the Australian economy for both protection and foreign markets and the level of the class struggle. The promotion of Keynesian ideas and divisions in the labour movement was successful after 1947 in countering working class militancy. While retaining a fervent nationalism the Communist Party's policies shifted after the War from strong support for the Government during the War to a very radical and anti-American position after 1947. Bolstered by a return to radical underconsumptionism and a focus on the conspiratorial role of the Collins House monopolists, the Party believed it could challenge the authority of the ALP and the Chifley Government, on the basis of working class industrial struggles. But the Communist Party made its attempt when the level of united struggle was already in decline. Between 1949 and 1952 the balance of class forces shifted sharply in favour of capital. Moderate laborites have continued to accept the main propositions of orthodox economics, while the bulk of the left in the labour movement has been nationalist and, after the Communist Party's break with Moscow, committed to a version of Keynesian economics. Although the adequacy of both approaches to working class interests is in doubt and they have not consistently promoted its struggles, their hegemony over the labour movement has not prevented the emergence of militant working class action.
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Babidge, Sally. "Family affairs an historical anthropology of state practice and Aboriginal agency in a rural town, North Queensland /." Click here for electronic access to document: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/942, 2004. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/942.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2004.
Thesis submitted by Sally Marie Babidge, BA (Hons) UWA June 2004, for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Anthropology, Archaeology and Sociology, James Cook University. Bibliography: leaves 283-303.
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Sullivan, Robert Emmett. "Trade, protection and taxation : the formation of Australian tariff policy, 1901-14." Phd thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145921.

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Warren, Tony. "The political economy of services trade and investment policy : Australia, Japan and the United States." Phd thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144419.

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Havrila, Inka Irena. "Patterns and determinants of Australia's international trade in textiles and clothing." Thesis, 2004. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15335/.

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Structural change of textile and clothing industries in Australia has intensified in recent years due to a range of factors including reductions in protection, import competition, shifts in consumer spending, and technological change. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of patterns and determinants of international trade in textiles and clothing (TAC) during the period 1965 to 1999.
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Collins, Maree. "New World, Old Frontiers. An ecological perspective on the problem of attraction and retention of statutory child protection workers in the West Australian Department for Child Protection’s Murchison District: 2009–2012." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/106001.

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The attraction and retention of statutory child protection workers in regional, rural and remote Australia has been identified at the national and state/territory level as a priority challenge for the child protection sector. This research emerged from the recognition of and response to this problem by the Government of Western Australia’s Department for Child Protection (the Department), Murchison District, and the Department’s search for evidence-based responses under the umbrella of the Australian Research Council Linkage Project ‘Pathways to Better Practice’ (LP0082806). The size and distribution of the Australian population, and the extreme nature of the physical environment, means that geographic and demographic characteristics of place are central to the challenges of service delivery in regional and remote Australia. Maintaining the supply of a skilled and professional workforce to these places is largely dependent on ‘migration’ employment models, particularly for professional workforces such as that of the Department. The significant over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the child protection system is identified as presenting particular challenges. In Western Australia, the employment of Aboriginal people is integral to strategies across the sector to improve services and outcomes for Aboriginal children and families. The geographic distribution and demographic characteristics of the Aboriginal population in remote Western Australia suggest additional challenges for the delivery of child protection services in locations such as the Murchison District. This is due to a combination of factors, including the level of disadvantage and the complex needs of this client population, the limited resources in place, and the cultural dimension to practice. In seeking to develop an evidence-based response to the problem of attraction and retention of child protection workers in the Murchison an ecological model has served as both the conceptual and methodological framework for the research. This approach to the study of the problem has meant attending to the multiple settings in which the research is embedded, and the interplay between variables acting on attraction and retention. These variables range from the individual work and lifestyle choices to the organisational responses and local characteristics of place to the effects of the global labour market, and are consistent with reflexive theories in sociology. In exploring the dimensions of place, work and individual life choices to attraction and retention, the research has embraced a combination of methods: analysis of secondary statistical data to examine the characteristics of the Murchison and Department’s workforce; interviews; and surveys of the individual subjects of the Department’s interventions, the Murchison District workforce. The research reveals the complex web of both actual and potential factors that shape attraction and retention. These include changing preferences and life trajectories both in the work and non-work environment that demonstrate the limits of unilateral, organisational responses. The research reveals a number of paradoxical effects in relation to the Department’s strategies to attract and retain. These include the constraining effect of the introduction of changed qualifications requirements for child protection roles on supply, and the disconnect between the Department’s idealised representations and the realities of the places to which the Department seeks to attract and retain. The changing nature of place, work and the ‘life’ in late-modernity which reveal the heterogeneity of preferences presents both opportunities and challenges for future interventions.
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Heikkila, Karina Elizabeth. "Could s 17 of the Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) represent a Derridean justice-based approach to animal protections?" Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/36758/.

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Section 17(1) of the Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) (‘ACPA’) provides that ‘[a] person in charge of an animal owes a duty of care to it’. Until the Northern Territory adopted that same expression in its Animal Welfare Act, the ACPA was the only animal protection statute in Australia that suggested that a nonhuman animal is owed a duty. What is at stake in this thesis is the contrasting of that legal duty, posited to derive legal justice, with Derridean justice that demands that a duty is owed to other beings. This research addresses the question: could s 17 of the Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld) represent a Derridean justice-based approach to animal protections? To address this question, this thesis develops a legal and contextual analysis of ACPA s 17. It also applies Derrida’s proposition of deconstructions to ferret-out how rationality, embedded in the metaphysics of presence, gets-to-work in law. The purpose is to test if ACPA s 17 delivers what it promises. This research examines whether ACPA s 17 provides any undoing of the Western inheritance, which through rationality justifies using, mistreating, and slaughtering nonhuman animals for human animal ends. Within this research, ACPA s 17 is examined in context to the Western cultural trace that Derrida described as a ‘culture of sacrifice’. Derrida’s lens offers a unique perspective since he provided a different accounting of beingness. That is one that breaks down human-animal difference. It enables contrasting of Western conceptions of duties and rights that continue to rely on rationality as bases for ‘ethics’. The deconstructive approach highlights our Western modes of thinking and reasoning that reinstitute that violent culture of sacrifice. This research offers: a rich discussion of relevant Derridean propositions; a contrasting of Anglo-American and Continental perspectives of what is thought to be owed to nonhuman animals, a survey of neurosciences to ascertain if Derrida’s propositions of beingness remain credible, and various approaches to legal contextualisation of ACPA s 17. The new knowledge developed in the research includes a rich legal characterisation of ACPA s 17. The research finds that, in contrast to existing commentary, ACPA s 17 is not an implementation of ‘negligence’, and neither could it be properly described as implementing a ‘guardianship’ model. It is a regulatory type offence that is constrained by many layers of anthropocentric law. Various problems that limit the effect of ACPA s 17 are highlighted. The research makes suggestions for law reform. The thesis finally brings together the traces gathered in the research, through a legal analysis, and a deconstructive reading, of a relevant appeal case. Unfortunately, ACPA s 17 does not institute a legal duty that is owed to nonhuman animals. Neither does it appear to be an opening toward Derridean justice.
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Books on the topic "Protectionism Australia"

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M, Corden W. Protection and liberalization in Australia and abroad. [Adelaide]: University of Adelaide, 1995.

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The Political economy of manufacturing protection: Experiences of ASEAN and Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1986.

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Ross, Garnaut, ed. Australian protectionism: Extent, causes, and effects. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1987.

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1835: The founding of Melbourne and the conquest of Australia. Collingwood, Vic: Black Inc., 2011.

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Black, Terry. Buy Australian?: Myths and realities. [St Leonards, N.S.W.]: Centre for Independent Studies, 1995.

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Berg, Rosemary Van den. No options no choice!: The Moore River experience : my father, Thomas Corbett, an Aboriginal half-caste. Broome, W.A: Magabala Books, 1994.

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Aboriginal Australians: Black responses to white dominance, 1788-1994. 2nd ed. St Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1994.

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Aboriginal Australians: Black responses to white dominance, 1788-2001. 3rd ed. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2002.

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Moffitt, Benjamin. Populism in Australia and New Zealand. Edited by Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.013.5.

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This chapter provides an overview of populism in Australia and New Zealand, and argues that “antipodean populism” should be understood as a distinct regional subtype of populism. Contending that populism in Australia and New Zealand is best conceptualized as a cultural-relational style, it traces the historical precedents of populism in each country and summarizes their key contemporary cases, including those of Pauline Hanson, Bob Katter, Clive Palmer, Jacqui Lambie, and Winston Peters. It then explains the institutional and political factors that have both helped and hindered populism in the region. Finally, it shows that antipodean populism mixes the general ethno-exclusivism and nativism of Western European populism with the more producerist and protectionist aspects of North American populism, although demonstrating that it is additionally informed by the important context of both Australia and New Zealand’s status as isolated settler colonial states and the fact that populism is relatively “mainstream” in the region.
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Kannowski, Bernd, and Kerstin Steiner, eds. Regional Human Rights. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748910251.

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Regional human rights mechanism are now in place covering nearly all five continents with the notable exception of Australia. Regional and international human rights protection are not meant to thwart each other. On the contrary, the regional protection of human rights is intended to back up and strengthen the international one by translating human rights into local languages and supporting them with additional protective mechanisms like commissions and courts that enforce regional human rights documents. In this volume, five experts from various continents will introduce regional human rights protection systems in Europe, Africa, Asia, Latin America and Australia providing an overview of the regional protections vis-à-vis the international one and then contextualising it in specific country context.
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Book chapters on the topic "Protectionism Australia"

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Lester, Michael, and Marie dela Rama. "Neo-protectionism in the Age of Brexit and Trump: What Does Australia Do with Its Powerful Friends?" In Revisiting Globalization, 91–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79123-4_5.

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Lynch, Gordon. "‘A Serious Injustice to the Individual’: British Child Migration to Australia as Policy Failure." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_1.

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AbstractThe Introduction sets this book in the wider context of recent studies and public interest in historic child abuse. Noting other international cases of child abuse in the context of public programmes and other institutional contexts, it is argued that children’s suffering usually arose not from an absence of policy and legal protections but a failure to implement these effectively. The assisted migration of unaccompanied children from the United Kingdom to Australia is presented, particularly in the post-war period, as another such example of systemic failures to maintain known standards of child welfare. The focus of the book on policy decisions and administrative systems within the UK Government is explained and the relevance of this study to the historiography of child migration and post-war child welfare is also set out.
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Fukunaga, Yuka, and Pasha L. Hsieh. "Pacific Trade." In The Oxford Handbook of International Trade Law (2e), 239—C9.P91. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192868381.013.10.

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Abstract The chapter provides an overview of the main legal structures that govern Pacific trade in the Third Regionalism. It offers insight into the evolution of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Economic Community, as well as ASEAN’s external agreements with Asia-Pacific economies including China, India, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand. It also discusses legal and policy considerations for the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) based on ASEAN Plus One agreements. Furthermore, by focusing on the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), the chapter analyses key issues such as rules of origin, market access, electronic commerce, state-owned enterprises and currency manipulation. It is imperative to understand these critical developments of ASEAN, the CPTPP and the RCEP amid trade protectionism and the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Anderson, Kym, and Ross Garnaut. "Australian Protectionism: Extent, Causes and Effects." In World Scientific Reference on Asia-Pacific Trade Policies, 35–197. World Scientific, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813274754_0002.

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McNamara, Noeleen. "Protections afforded to teachers." In Law and Ethics for Australian Teachers, 219–31. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108661744.016.

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Marshall, Shelley. "Expansion and Layering of Labour Regulation." In Living Wage, 73–97. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830351.003.0005.

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Workers in developed economies have not been immune to the dynamics of global trade and economic liberalization that have stranded vulnerable workers in poorer countries. This chapter tracks the informalization of apparel production in Australia throughout the 1980s and 1990s, asking how national and international factors converged to leave a migrant group stranded, without the employment conditions and protections that Australia prided itself on providing to its working population. It then examines the subsequent attempts to re-formalize work by the creation of innovative legislation and ethical initiatives that add levers and regulatory agents. This study is important because Australia’s novel regulation combines market and non-market forms of regulation, with a successful ethical labelling system at the heart of the model.
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Jerrard, Marjorie A., and Patrick O’Leary. "Union-Avoidance Strategies in the Meat Industry in Australia and the United States." In Frontiers of Labor. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041839.003.0007.

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The meat industries in the United States and in Australia share a number of common features, including similar economic and industrial development, overlapping ownership patterns, the nature of the work, a trend toward relying on a migrant workforce, and similar management union-avoidance strategies. There are industry differences between the two countries due primarily to the unique labor-relations regulatory system in each country. Australian legislation since the mid-1990s has enabled industry employers to follow more closely the pattern of union avoidance established in the United States, but protections are still found in Australian industry awards and the industrial tribunal. Both countries have witnessed a deunionization of the industry at the cost of declines in workers’ wages and conditions, and worker exploitation is increasingly common due to the neoliberal ideology that influences government policy and legislation and encourages employers to individualize the employment relationship.
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Gabrielle, Appleby. "Part II Constitutional Domain, Ch.9 Unwritten Rules." In The Oxford Handbook of the Australian Constitution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198738435.003.0010.

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This chapter attempts to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the Australian constitutional system through which government power is arranged, defined, and limited by investigating ‘unwritten’ constitutional rules. Unwritten constitutional rules are most usually associated with the constitutional conventions that govern the exercise of executive power, which is cursorily, nebulously, and at times somewhat misleadingly defined and vested in Chapter II of the Constitution. The chapter thus commences by defining the concept of ‘unwrittenness’ with respect to constitutional rules and relating that to the norms of the Australian constitutional system. It then describes the three identified types of such rules—convention, common law protections, and judicially drawn implications from the constitutional text. Finally, the chapter analyses the existence, scope, enforceability, and acceptance of these unwritten norms within Australia's blend of political and legal constitutionalism.
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Lloyd, Christopher. "Economic policy and Australian state building: from labourist-protectionism to globalisation." In Nation, State and the Economy in History, 404–23. Cambridge University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511497575.022.

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Godden, Lee. "Energy Justice and Energy Transition in Australia." In Energy Justice and Energy Law, 178–200. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860754.003.0011.

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Australia is in energy transition despite a national policy supportive of fossil fuels. Regional and remote areas, however, remain dependent on fossil fuels, including diesel. Renewable energy is becoming accessible for some regional communities, due to renewable energy incentives. This chapter considers the energy transition in Australia through the energy justice lens. It analyses the distribution of benefits and burdens of energy activities upon remote Indigenous communities, and examines energy price impacts and consumer protection reforms in liberalized electricity markets in the south. The analysis examines how social justice needs to inform the energy transition, also recognising that energy injustice cannot be separated from other social ills, such as poverty and discrimination based on factors including class, race, gender, or indigeneity. It concludes that there are significant protections emerging for energy consumers in the national electricity market, but an inequitable distribution of energy benefits and burdens in remote Aboriginal communities.
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Conference papers on the topic "Protectionism Australia"

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D. Weerakkody, Niranjala. "More Dominant in their Inactivity: Consumer Response and the Adoption of Digital TV in Australia." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2686.

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After much hesitation, discussion, and power brokering, Australia adopted digital TV for its Free-to air broadcasting on January 1, 2001. However, by December 2002, only a few thousand homes had adopted the technology. This paper examines the implementation and regulation of digital TV in Australia from the point of view of the ‘established base’ the new technology will replace, theories on diffusion and innovation of new technologies, and the Justification Model, which sees technology choice as social gambling. It then evaluates the various protectionist regulations and limitations imposed on the technology to safeguard the various stakeholders, the implementation strategies used, lack of digital content, marketing efforts, negative media coverage, and the economic realities of the technology, and argues that if consumers reject the technology altogether, it would lead to Australia missing the future applications of digital technology and the opportunity to address the issue of the ‘digital divide’ in the 21st century.
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Przhedetsky, Linda. "Designing Effective and Accessible Consumer Protections against Unfair Treatment in Markets where Automated Decision Making is used to Determine Access to Essential Services: A Case Study in Australia's Housing Market." In AIES '21: AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462468.

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