Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protection régionale'
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Keita, Capitolin Yasmina. "Les Temps de la protection juridique de l'environnement d'une mer régionale : modèle d'éco-protection de l'aire Caraïbe." Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0165.
Full textThe legal protection of marine environment developed through universal means before being resolved by a regional approach. The regional area of the Caribbean, made up of the marine milieu of the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea and the adjacent zones of the Atlantic Ocean,validates this evolution, to the measure of the legal instruments which mark it. Of course, this evolution has not been spared by constraints, and the rhythm of priorities is definitely supported in the search for a protection, the only and necessary source of which remains the legal norm. It nevertheless remains that these peak moments mainly dedicated to the determination of the issue deserve a support adequate to the issue at stake. As a matter of fact, the protection brought forward by the international community must simultaneously be coordinated by structural executive means and necessary accompanying process. Within the scope of the determination of the issue,efforts are deployed in order to achieve the protection without loosing sight of the aim to be achieved. For the neighbouring States, as well as the international communiy, the objective of protection requires coherence and coordination in the long term. This dual movement together makes up a regional eco-protection model
Martin, Céline N. C. "Protection(s) régionale(s) des droits humains en Asie : vers une cour asiatique des droits humains ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0517.
Full textThe birth of human rights regionalism in Asia is not a myth. Although Asia distinguished itself with the absence of a formal regional mechanism for the protection of human rights, its relevance shall not to be questioned. Evolving within various challenging contexts, most Asian States formally recognise fundamental human rights while tolerating domestic and international enforcement mechanisms. Thus, a preference is given to constitutions and their courts, NHRIs and UPR against most intrusive mechanisms such as the UN committees. Nevertheless, elements of a human rights regionalism are rising upon Asia’s economic associations increasing interest in human rights – such as the ASEAN – and the civil society broadening interest for transnational movements. A comparative analysis into the Asian States relationships with these mechanisms will reveal worrying signs of massive human rights violations. However, acknowledging the continuous recognition of human rights as well as the growing experience of the ASEAN Intergovernmental commission, it is believed the enactment of an Asian human rights court is now only a matter of time
Boutayeb, Soraya. "Etude des effets d'une ischémie régionale sur le coeur isolé de rat : essais de protection pharmacologique." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10073.
Full textClouet, Olivier. "Tourisme et développement durable en Méditerranée : niveaux et seuils d'évolution régionale : thèse." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE2014.
Full textThe levels and thresholds of evolution which bear witness to the massive influx of tourists on the Mediterranean basin are depicted through the history of six seaside resorts. The aim of this dissertation is to show how vitally important tourism is and how it can be seen as an example of the implementation of sustainable development in this area , itself generating a perennial destination for tourism par excellence from a historical point of view. To contribute to the implementation of sustainable development in this area, a series of guidelines based upon figures , geographical models and future lines of evolution will be suggested ; these guidelines will be aimed at providing help to the seaside resorts towards the implementation of a policy of sustainable tourism
Demuer, Alexia. "Les parcs naturels régionaux de moyenne montagne en France métropolitaine : des territoires touristiques ?" Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20021.
Full textIs there any NRP tourism in the uplands ? The NRP created in 1967 to satisfy the double aim of the nature protection and of local development. The tourism and leisure activities are following this logic : they're even more and more important in the policies that are being put in place in the NRP, but the humans and financial means devoted to it are a lot different from a Park another. Contributors are yet very present in the touristic area and the role of the parc is, in the case, delicate to define. Many elements could allow the existence of a specific tourism ("parc" products and label NRP). However, to admit the existence of a NRP tourism, the Parc would have to be known and recognized by the general public but NRP is not a decisive element in the choice of the vacation's destination. The problem of the NRP structure itself is also being put up, general-interest and non-specialist of one or another activity. The missing reglementary power for the technical staff also contributes to weaken the efficiency of the existing policy
Frau, Roberto. "Utilisation des données historiques dans l'analyse régionale des aléas maritimes extrêmes : la méthode FAB." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1051/document.
Full textThe protection of coastal areas against the risk of flooding is necessary to safeguard all types of waterside structures and, in particular, nuclear power plants. The prevention of flooding is guaranteed by coastal protection commonly built and verified thanks to the definition of the return level’s concept of a particular extreme event. Return levels linked to very high return periods (up to 1000 years) are estimated through statistical methods based on the Extreme Value Theory (EVT). These statistical approaches are applied to time series of a particular extreme variable observed and enables the computation of its occurrence probability. In the past, return levels of extreme coastal events were frequently estimated by applying statistical methods to time series of local observations. Local series of sea levels are typically observed in too short a period (for sea levels about 50 years) in order to compute reliable estimations linked to high return periods. For this reason, several approaches are used to enlarge the size of the extreme data samples and to reduce uncertainties of their estimations. Currently, one of the most widely used methods in coastal engineering is the Regional Analysis. Regional Analysis is denoted by Weiss (2014) as a valid means to reduce uncertainties in the estimations of extreme events. The main idea of this method is to take advantage of the wide spatial availability of observed data in different locations in order to form homogeneous regions. This enables the estimation of statistical distributions of enlarged regional data samples by clustering all extreme events occurred in one or more sites of the region. Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of using past events when estimating extreme events. When historical data are available, they cannot be neglected in order to compute reliable estimations of extreme events. Historical data are collected from different sources and they are identified as data that do not come from time series. In fact, in most cases, no information about other extreme events occurring before and after a historical observation is available. This, and the particular nature of each historical data, do not permit their use in a Regional Analysis. A statistical methodology that enables the use of historical data in a regional context is needed in order to estimate reliable return levels and to reduce their associated uncertainties. In this manuscript, a statistical method called FAB is developed enabling the performance of a Regional Analysis using historical data. This method is formulated for POT (Peaks Over Threshold) data. It is based on the new definition of duration of local and regional observation period (denominated credible duration) and it is able to take into account all the three typical kinds of historical data (exact point, range and lower limit value). In addition, an approach to identify an optimal sampling threshold is defined in this study. This allows to get better estimations through using the optimal extreme data sample in the FAB method.FAB method is a flexible approach that enables the estimation of return levels both in frequentist and Bayesian contexts. An application of this method is carried out for a database of recorded skew surges (systematic data) and for 14 historical skew surges recovered from different sites located on French, British, Belgian and Spanish coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel and the North Sea. Frequentist and Bayesian estimations of skew surges are computed for each homogeneous region and for every site. Finally, this manuscript explores the issues surrounding the finding and validation of historical data
Mathis, Marianne. "Coexistence et compatibilité des usages dans les territoires ruraux québécois : étude de cas." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26599.
Full textBah, Adama. "Essays on Development Policies : Social Protection, Community-Based Development and Regional Integration." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10441.
Full textIn this thesis, I aim to contribute to the recent international development debate, by providing an analysis of some of the policies that are considered key elements of a development strategy. Focusing on social protection, community-based development and regional integration, I consider aspects related to their design, implementation and evaluation. In the first chapter, I propose a method to estimate ex ante vulnerability to poverty, defined as the probability of being poor in the near future given one’s current characteristics. This is based on the premise that effective social protection policies should aim not only to help the poor move out of poverty, but also to protect the vulnerable from falling into it. In the second chapter, I consider the issue of identifying the poor in a context of targeting social protection programs using a Proxy-Means Testing (PMT) approach, which precision, and therefore usefulness relies on the selection of indicators that produce accurate predictions of household welfare. I propose a method based on model random sampling to identify indicators that are robustly and strongly correlated with household welfare, measured by per capita consumption. These indicators span the categories of household private asset holdings, access to basic domestic energy, education level, sanitation and housing. The third and fourth chapters of this thesis provide an ex-post analysis of development policies and focus in particular on the unintended consequences of a community-driven program and on the reasons for the lack of progress in regional economic integration. The third chapter assesses whether the reaction of the two distinct rebel groups that operate in the Philippines to the implementation of a large-scale community-driven development project funded by foreign aid is consistent with the idea that these two groups have different ideologies, characteristics and motives for fighting. It is based on a unique geo-referenced dataset that we collected from local newspaper reports on the occurrence of conflict episodes involving these rebel groups, and on the predictions of a rent-seeking model of insurgency. The findings are consistent with the proposed classification of the rebel groups; the impact of the foreign aid project on each rebel group depends on their ideological stance. In the last chapter, I analyze how civil conflicts affect the economic fate of African regional economic communities through its effect on the synchronicity of regional partners’ economies. I find that conflict decreases business cycle synchronicity when it occurs within a regional economic community, both for the directly affected countries and for their more peaceful regional peers
Zerhat, Pierre, and Maurice Gizardin. "Demande de réparation civile d’un préjudice médical." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA084223.
Full textThe aim of our study is to know, about victims of a medical prejudice: What is their social and economic status ? What kind of relationships do they have with other actors (healthcare professionals, jurists, magistrates, experts,. . . ) How do the environmental factors intervene in the origin of the damage? The Means : Datamining of a database including more than 400 demands of civil repair for medical préjudices The Results :The study shows how various the definition of “victim” can be in the actual social evolution. Medicalisation is one of the main characteristics of this evolution. Concerning the problems described in this thesis about the demand of civil repair for a medical prejudice, the authors suggest as a solution the creation of a court specialised in healthcare litigations. This court would include both professional judges and judges who are healthcare professionals. The latters would be elected by their peers through the Ordres and other professionnal organisations
Tidjani, Amidou Issiaka. "La Cour africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples : d'une juridiction ordinaire de garantie des droits fondamentaux à une Cour régionale sui generis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080043.
Full textInitially, the African Court on human and people’s rights was established in 1998 by the African Union to guarantee the protection of fundamental rights. Like the European and the inter-American Courts, it was a specialized body in charge of giving effectiveness to a continental treaty on human rights. To reach this goal, the African Court was granted a widen material jurisdiction and a fair trial guarantee. However, that good theoretical design has been limited by important practical inadequacies. In fact, the African Court has been very difficult to access and the implementation of its decisions is not totally ensured. Therefore, the effectiveness of that Court is simply partial. Otherwise, the African Court is undergoing a substantial transformation which makes it, more than a simple regional Court on human rights, the tool for claiming a new perception of international law. So, it was merged in 2008 with the African Union Court of justice to become a new Court preventing African States from going to non-Africans international Courts. This dynamic has been completed in 2014 by the expansion of the new Court prerogatives to judge individuals for international crimes. This reform means a way to prevent Africans, in future, to be judged by International Criminal Court. Yet, all of these reforms are transforming the African Court on human and people’s right to sui generis Court. But they are also creating an important risk of failure for human and people’s right protection in Africa
Tardy, Cécile. "La construction patrimoniale d'un territoire : le cas du parc naturel régional Livradois-Forez." Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STET2064.
Full textSymonides, Michał. "L'Arctique comme enjeu de coopération internationale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH023/document.
Full textThe interest in the Arctic has grown through the environmental issues and climate change that deeply altered the region, especially with the impact of the global warming. These changes bring many threats but also important opportunities, and require a deeper cooperation to respond to them. The protection of the environment, the management of Arctic resources (natural, fishery, etc.), the use of sea routes, the delimitation of maritime boundaries, the respect of human rights and of indigenous peoples rights, the strategic and military aspects are all examples of the issues that coexist in the Arctic. They highlight the challenges that the cooperation in the Arctic is facing. None of these issues could solely be managed by the cooperation between the Arctic States, as their consequences and the interests at stake are global. In addition to the multitude of areas of cooperation, there is a congruence of actors: Arctic and extra-Arctic ones such as international organizations, non-governmental organizations, multinational corporations, but also regions, inter-parliamentary organizations, indigenous peoples or scientific associations. The complexity of the situation is perceptible in the way the Arctic cooperation is established. Tensions exist both among the Arctic actors and between Arctic and extra-Arctic actors. Two contradictory processes seem to structure the cooperation with the regionalization on the one hand, and the internationalization on the other hand. Thus, cooperation between Arctic stakeholders is built around many international institutions, which structures and roles will certainly evolve. The central structure of the Arctic cooperation is the Arctic Council – a regional institution. At the same time, the cooperation in the Arctic region is based on global international cooperations, with essential instruments as the Convention on the law of the sea of 1982. Arctic cooperation seems to be an interesting model based on flexibility that should enable adaptation, which is especially important in a region so deeply exposed to fast changes. It is based on a unique structure emphasizing multi-level and multi-stakeholder actions, keeping a balance between hard and soft law. If the Arctic cooperation builds a real Arctic region with a growing importance in the international arena, the ties between the world and the region remains uncertain. The inclusion of extra-Arctic actors is necessary but it is facing resistance from a part of the Arctic actors. Arctic arises as a new object of international relations and may even become a new actor, but it must respond to the dangers that may exist for cooperation in this region, dangers that seem to come especially from exogenous causes. Therefore, Arctic cooperation requires a thorough analysis of the issues it is faced with as well as its contradictions and paradoxes. This thesis aims to study the Arctic cooperation highlighting its mechanisms and particularities as well as to analyze relationships that it can develop with extra-Arctic actors and how it incorporates into international relations
Lavray, Hélène. "La contribution des accords commerciaux régionaux à la protection de l'environnement." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL20022.
Full textIn teh early 1990s, two phenomenons emerged on the international scene. On the one hand, the renewal of economic regionalism, revived both by the difficulties of the Uruguay Round and the conclusion of the NAFTA and the Treaty on European Union, which signalled Tuna/Dolphin case, brought attention to the topic of the relationship between trade and the environnement. This study looks into the importance given to the protection of the environment within the numerous regional trade agreements. If developments have been mainly taking place within the European Union and the NAFTA, some elements may have been transmitted to other regional trade agreements. Moreover, we will examine the importance of the protection of the environnement within the WTO and the impact of developments within regional trade agreementsche sou
Marques, Nicolas. "Sécurité sociale ou protections sociales : une analyse économique institutionnelle." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32011.
Full textLagadec, Gaël. "Des intégrations régionales au libre échange généralisé : les enseignements d'un nouveau modèle de protection endogène." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12014.
Full textRutaremara, Titus. "Le rôle des parcs naturels régionaux dans l'aménagement du territoire en France." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF20004.
Full textThe "d. A. T. A. R. " is the initiator and very often the creator of most of the french regional natural parks. These ones gother together mostly depreciated country (rural) areas, in which however, are found picturesque landscape and countryside. The use of the natural park institution is to plan and carry out a suitable development in these country (rural) territories, which, indeed, have got an ecological
Afifi, Abdelrahman. "Monde arabe et droits de l'homme : vers l'émergence d'un système régional de protection des droits de l'homme ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32062.
Full textThe evaluation of the main achievements, difficulties, and future prospects of human rights protection in the Arab world is constantly based on the view that the protection of human rights is a process, and not an objective that can be achieved once and for all. The human rights issue in the Arab countries must be developed in it's legal, economic and religious aspects. Inter-arab legal order does not lack legal texts that assure protection of fundamental rights, but does lack the efficiency of this protection which seems severely fragile. In order to detect progress and regression factors and risks of fracture protection system, we have to place rights and liberties in a historical context. Arabic charter of human rights adopted by the Arab league in 1994 constitutes a progress in comparison with the situation of laws absence that prevailed before in the Arab world. Normative content of this charter includes concept considered rather close to the international charter of human rights. Unfortunately, this approach is technically poor concerning the mechanism of rights protection, and the whole absence of other rights in the charter; as a result the modification of this charter becomes extremely necessary. If the Arabic charter constitutes a challenge of the Arab countries future towards the emergency of a regional system of fundamental rights protection. It's the task of concerned peoples, Arab countries, and international organisations to create necessary conditions to firmly enable this acquisition and to allow the individual to make use of the consecration not only on civil and political rights basis but also of economic, social and cultural ones
Koïbé, Madjilem Roméo. "La protection juridique des réfugiés et déplacés climatiques à assurer par les organisations régionales : rôle de l'Union Africaine." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100098/document.
Full textIn recent years, global warming has been the subject of several heated debates. But, it is currently difficult to affirm with certainty that global warming and the increase in natural disasters in recent times are the obvious consequences. However, there is no doubt that these natural disasters or those caused by human activities have a proven impact on the environment and the living environment. This is the case in the Pacific with the Tuvalu islands which have been exposed to rising sea levels, erosion and even extinction. This is also the case in the Sahel region where due to a decline in rainfall, drought and poor management of its waters, the Lake Chad is experiencing a disturbing contraction, forcing thousands of people whose life depends on it to migrate in the space of the conventional basin of Lake Chad shared between Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon and Chad. These poorly managed internal and cross-border movements are sources of tension and insecurity. This situation does not appear to be of sufficient concern to the countries affected by these changes, and even less to the developed countries and the international community, which in the absence of any legal and humanitarian framework and international protective status, show no signs of eagerness to find temporary or permanent solutions to assist climate and environmental refugees and environmentally displaced persons whomay be harmed in their right to life and decent life. Due to the current legal vacuum at the international level, it would be desirable to take stock of the current possibilities of universal and regional legal protection before returning to possible solutions adapted to the specific needs of Africa, through the African Union. This is a bold but worthwhile option because of the current context that requires a search for scientific and legal solutions that can help policy makers
Anvari, Mohammad Ali. "La protection et la promotion des droits de l'homme en Asie du Sud-Est : un système régional inachevé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAD006.
Full textUndoubtedly, regional arrangements play an essential role in the protection and promotion of human rights. Given the fact that there are many social, political, economic and historical similarities among people who live in a specific region, the creation of regional mechanisms for the protection of human rights should, in principle, be much easier than that of universal mechanisms. By the same token, regional mechanisms are more efficient than universal ones. The human rights systems established in Europe and America provide successful examples of regional systems. Asia, as the world's largest and most populous continent, is the only region which does not have a developed and well-established human rights mechanism. However, efforts have been recently made to create a human rights machinery within the framework of ASEAN. The present study attempts to present a comprehensive picture of legal situation for the regional protection of human rights in the Southeast Asia and, for this purpose, materials have been divided in two Parts. Part I analyse the existing human rights bodies and instruments in the Southeast Asia, and Part II tries to identify the reasons why a developed system has not yet come into existence in the region
Durand, Stéphanie. "Éléments théoriques et empiriques sur la valeur d'existence : application à trois espèces menaçées régionales." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40011.
Full textSylvestre, Bruno. "Portrait of municipal groundwater catchment protection in small Quebec municipalities." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24032/24032.pdf.
Full textDe, Lucca Serenella. "La prise en compte de la protection de l'environnement dans le cadre de la coopération et/ou de l'intégration économiques régionales." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0068.
Full textTrabelsi, Salma. "Développement local et valorisation du patrimoine culturel fragile : le rôle médiateur des ONG : cas du Sud-tunisien." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR2030/document.
Full textThis research in the field of information communication Sciences connects the promotion and protection of cultural heritage with the notion of territorial management. From a local development perspective, a region's natural and cultural heritage provides the basis for advancing the economy and tourism. Our thesis focuses on promoting and protecting cultural heritage in rural regions of Southern Tunisia. This research addresses an important problem for many rural Tunisian communities preserving their cultural heritage in the face of marginalization and poverty because of The financial and institutional difficulties needed to support their professional activities. The problems of under development continue as local partners are frequently confronted with disaccord related to responsibility and the actions necessary for promoting cultural heritage. These problems are often due to a lack of communication between communities and local authorities that is essential for promoting cultural heritage in times when identity loss due to globalization is a serious concern. Our research underlines the fundamental aspect of institutional support for mediating dialogue between local actors. It implicates the participation of non-governmental organizations as actors in strengthening and mediating collaborations between local institutions and populations in the process of promoting cultural heritage. Our research action project was developed in order to explore new grounds of investigation and to gain a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities of actors collaborating in the region
Lucas, Rosemarie. "Parcs naturels régionaux et écomusées en France, un demi-siècle d’histoire commune : l’expérience du parc d’Armorique (1957-1997)." Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/TheseLucas.pdf.
Full textFrom the start, French regional natural parks have contributed in an innovative and major way to museology by setting up and developping the concept of ecomuseums. The latter experienced a major development in the 1970s, before spreading to other contexts and other countries. The regional natural park of Armorique celebrated its 40th birthday in 2010. A survey of its origins and its history, taking into account the social, political and cultural context, allows us today to throw light on the main creation and development phases of the concepts of a regional natural park and of an ecomuseum. This analysis is chronologically structured around three important moments in the institutional history of the park. This history also relates to the interest taken in environmental issues by museology. The creation of natural parks and of ecomuseums was based on an interest and an approach in which ecology was as important as planning and ethnology. The park set up a museographical tool reflecting its image, thus demonstrating how the concept of heritage had evolved. This turned out to be a difficult experiment and did not result in the finalization of an ecomuseum project. Nevertheless it has contributed to conceiving heritage as a dynamic development tool, and to making it a topical issue. The goal of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of museology, by gathering the information which sheds light on the genesis of the ecomuseum system
Lozano-Almario, Andrea. "L’articulation entre universalisme et régionalisme dans la protection de l’environnement marin et côtier des mers régionales : l’exemple de la Région de la Grande Caraïbe." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100077.
Full textThe marine and coastal environment of the Caribe’s region contains important natural resources. It offers significant opportunities to the coastal population and to the border Stats in terms of subsistence and development. However, this environment is confronted to many problems: erosion, overexploitation, pollution and political manipulation. The key challenge that lies the region is to ensure the optimal preservation of this environment and to guarantee a sustainable exploitation of the resources. The analysis of the international and regional normativity put in place for ensure that challenge remains plural and insufficient. The institutional corpus must be improved and the new challenge for the international community is to create a global governance framework able to articulate the international rules with the regional and local rules to find and implement pertinent and effective activities
El medio ambiente marino y costero de la Región del Gran Caribe es un tesoro natural que ofrece importantes oportunidades de supervivencia y de comercio a las poblaciones costeras y que ofrece, al mismo tiempo, posibilidades de desarrollo a los Estados ribereños de esta Región. Sin embargo, toda esta riqueza se ve expuesta a diferentes problemas: erosión, sobreexplotación, polución e instrumentalización política. El desafío reside entonces en el equilibrio entre la conservación optima del medio ambiente y la garantía de la explotación del mismo en el marco del desarrollo sustentable y sostenible. El análisis de la reglamentación internacional y regional implementada para tratar de superar dicho desafío es sin embargo plural e insuficiente. El corpus normativo debe ser objeto de mejoras y en ese entendido, el desafío para la comunidad internacional será crear un marco global de gobernanza capaz de articular las reglas internacionales con las reglas regionales y locales para implementar entonces acciones pertinentes y eficaces
Bokolombe, Bompondo Godefroid. "Le juge constitutionnel et l'application des normes internationales et régionales de protection des droits fondamentaux : étude comparative des droits français, allemand et sud-africain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1004.
Full textThe integration of international regional norms in national law is based on methods defined by the State. Doctrine has shaped two principles, monism and dualism, that rely on an essentially static vision of both society and law, as they are contrary to the pacta sunt servanda principle that binds the State. The State is obliged to execute in good faith all obligations it binds itself to. International and regional norms are no longer limited to inter-state relations or regulating, through extremely technical treaties; they are more and more dealing with the political power of each state and the manner in which fundamental rights are provided for and respected. On a national level, it is up to the constitutional judge to ensure respect of these rights that facilitate, therefore, the organising and harmonising of different systems. This role of “connector” that fundamental rights have in the context of interaction between norms of various origins results, to a great extent, in the universality of these aforementioned rights. The link between international and regional rights, on the one hand, and national law, on the other, surpasses the binary approach of monism – dualism and opens the door to a constructive pluralism, both from the point of view of the content of the rights, and from the point of view of the institutions that are entrusted with their protection. Therefore, the protection of fundamental rights functions through a system of a network, and no longer based on the pyramid model. Remains for this pluralism to be organised. The emergence of « transconstitutionalism » can be observed, as an order of legal orders, based on spontaneous harmonisation
Sow, Idrissa. "La protection de l’ordre juridique sous-régional par les Cours de justice : contribution à l’étude de la fonction judiciaire dans les organisations ouest-africaines d’intégration." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40029.
Full textAfter being freed from colonization, the West African States have set up commonly economic integration organizations to promote their economic and social development.The creation of the majority of those organizations is based on the European example and they have an independent legal personality and a body with specific rules in charge of integrating uniformly the internal legal environment of the different Member States.The harmonious functioning of the system requires, among others, the existence of an independent structure designed to take control of the general balance organization and achieve a uniform interpretation of the Community norms. Within the framework of the WAEMU as well as in the ECOWAS, this protective function is delegated to integrated judicial bodies whose main mission consists in making sure that a submission to the law related to the interpretation and compliance with Treaties is effective.The goal of such a contribution is to point out that the settled protection device is functioning, on the one hand, by the cooperation mechanisms introduced by justice courts and the other components of the Community system and, on the other hand, by the judicial control over the community structures and the Member States
Sanscartier, Renaud. "Protection du territoire agricole et dynamiques territoriales au Québec : une analyse de la prise en compte des particularités régionales dans le processus décisionnel de la CPTAQ." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28776/28776.pdf.
Full textDedry, Kossi. "Le courage de juger au regard de l’indépendance et de l’impartialité du tribunal dans les mécanismes régionaux de protection des Droits de l’Homme." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2020.
Full textThe achievement of a fair trial requires the courage to judge of the judge and the court. Faced with external or internal pressures, threats, political interference, corruption, intimidation of all kinds, the judge must show courage, courage of judging with complete independence and impartiality. The requirements of independence and impartiality of the court, enshrined in all regional human rights protection mechanisms, constitute the foundations of a fair trial and good justice. Indeed, in each regional human rights protection system, there are provisions relating to the requirements of independence and impartiality of the court. In the European system for the protection of human rights, we can cite Article 6, § 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights. In the inter-American system, Article 8, § 1 of the American Convention on Human Rights is an illustration. In the African system for the protection of human rights, these requirements of a fair trial are enshrined in Articles 26 and 7 §1 (d) of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. The good judge is therefore the one who sets himself/herself up as an independent and impartial third party. However, are the requirements of independence and impartiality of the court apprehended or appreciated in the same way from one regional system of protection of human rights to another? Is there circularity, interaction, normative borrowings between regional human rights protection systems? Is there a system that takes precedence over the others? Is there a dialogue of regional judges on the interpretation and guarantee of the requirements of independence and impartiality? These are some questions that this thesis attempts to answer
Nkopipié, Deumeni Louis. "Les droits de l’accusé dans la phase préparatoire du procès pénal : instruments régionaux de protection des Droits de l’homme (C.E.S.D.H.-C.A.D.H.P.) et droits internes (France, Cameroun, Sénégal)." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010309.
Full textPageaux, Mathieu. "La Connectivité écologique dans les systèmes régionaux de protection de la biodiversité : étude comparée du réseau écologique Natura 2000 et du Système National des Unités de Conservation brésilien." Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5f025d66-5e57-4787-afaf-a0d22a840b2a/blobholder:0/2013LIMO1002.pdf.
Full textEcological connectivity is a concept of growing importance in the law of conservation of nature. It strengthens the ecological networks in their mission to protect ecosystems and is also a sign of their completion. This thesis analyzes the concept of ecological connectivity in international law, european law and brazilian law. The comparative study of the European ecological network Natura 2000 and the Brazilian System of Conservation Units (SNUC) allows us indeed to conduct a detailed inventory of the different ecological connections, their issues and their legal weaknesses. This is also an opportunity to examine key conditions essential in strengthening ecological connectivity, namely, essentialy, the social and environmental function of property rights, the protection of connectivity in urban areas by planning law, the protection of ecosystems in marine areas and the importance of participation in the management of ecological connections
Rochette, Julien. "LE TRAITEMENT JURIDIQUE D'UNE SINGULARITÉ TERRITORIALE : LA ZONE CÔTIÈRE. ÉTUDE EN DROIT INTERNATIONAL ET DROIT COMPARÉ FRANCO ITALIEN." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172410.
Full textAngelibert, Sandrine. "Etude des mares du Parc naturel régional des Causses du Quercy : fonctionnement, biodiversité et connectivité inter-mares, propositions pour l' entretien et la sauvegarde." Toulouse 3, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259814.
Full textThe retro-arc foreland basin of the Central Andes is considered as a type-example of a foreland basin system (Horton & DeCelles, 1997). Three regions have been studied : the North Amazonian basin (3-8ʿS), the South Amazonian basin (11-12ʿS) and the south-eastern Bolivian basin (19-20ʿS). The foreland basin system of the Central Andes constitutes a favoured area where studies of the deformation and sedimentary fill can be coupled. This study enabled us to arrive at a clearer understanding of the longitudinal and latitudinal structural/sedimentary evolutions and of the tectono-sedimentary dynamics of the basin and adjacent orogen, and to a sequential restoration of the basins at key-periods in the evolution of the range from the Eocene to present-day. During the early and middle Eocene, the Western Cordillera of northern Peru between 3 and 8ʿS experienced large uplift and erosion. This event is interpreted as a stage of tectonic quiescence and erosional unloading. To the south of 11ʿS, no such event is recorded in the sedimentary fill and the sedimentary arrangement indicates the development of a flexural basin related to orogenic loading. Because the North Amazonian foreland basin system is situated at the junction between the Central Andes and the Northern Andes, this change in the geodynamic process can be ascribed to the interference with the Northern Andes. .
Diop, Falilou. "Uniformisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle et conflits de lois dans l'OAPI." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE3046.
Full textThe idea that the uniformization of intellectual property law eliminates the problem of conflict of laws seems to be deeply rooted in the opinion of observers who have taken an interest in OAPI law. At least, the studies that relate to intellectual property in this space do not specifically address the issue of conflict of laws. When they mention it occasionally, they essentially limit themselves to asserting that the uniform law eliminates the problem of conflicts of laws. This common observation nevertheless deserved to be verified. The first part of this thesis is devoted to such a verification. This verification was carried out by means of a comparison between the effects of the uniform intellectual property law and the causes of the problem of conflicts of laws. The results of this confrontation show the persistence of the problem of conflicts of laws within the OAPI area, even if uniform law does not fail to influence its configuration. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the search for solutions adapted to the configuration of the problem within the OAPI area. This search for solutions considers the objectives of the uniformization of intellectual property law, the international commitments of the member states as well as the specific interests that the identification of the applicable law seeks to serve. It leads, on the one hand, to the proposal of positive solutions concerning the jurisdictional coordination necessary for a uniform realization of intellectual property rights; on the other hand, to the development of rules intended to identify the law applicable to different aspects of intellectual property
Lüer, Stefanie Christina. "Der Ausgleich der Interessen der Wirtschaft und des Umweltschutzes in Frankreich : eine rechtsvergleichende Studie zu Ermessensentscheidungen im Umweltrecht im Lichte der Internationalisierung des Rechts am Beispiel der National- und Regionalparks in Frankreich." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D084.
Full textAn optimal balance between economic and environmental issues is guided by the concept of sustainable development. From a legal perspective, the main parties making arbitrary decisions in this matter are the administrations and the administrative courts. They apply and interpret the respective rules by using their specific national power of discretion, arbitrary arbitrating between the public interest to protect the environment and the issues of the key players of the "green" tourism industry. The National parks and the Regional parks have been chosen to refine the study because these two constitute an example painting out the methods of arbitrary decision making between economic exploitation and the protection of the environment. With regard to the National park, the law assigns priority to the protection of the environment whereas the Regional park is dedicated to sustainable development as the method to accomplish the arbitration between economic and environmental issues. The tourism industry is playing a central role in the functional organisation of the Regional parks and is characterized by being an economic activity dependent on an environment at least in part untouched and still pristine
Fan, Jingjing. "Les barrières environnementales au commerce international dans le cadre de l'OMC : une étude comparative entre les États-Unis, l'Union Européenne et la Chine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0040.
Full textFacing the new problems about the green trade barriers today, WTO is actually in an embarrassing situation : one side, it is widely considered as the ''center of gravity' 'for controlling the green trade barriers ; on the other side, there is still an important lacuna in the regulation of the environmental values in the WTO, which questions the effectiveness of WTO's law in this regulation of green trade barriers. Without the effective control, the free trade system takes a risk to be degraded. That's the reason why we undertake a study comparative on the subject of the green trade barriers in the framework of WTO. Attempting to find the solution of the problems related to green trade barriers, we have to ask two questions. One side, the new type of green trade barriers about the climate change beyond the capacity of WTO, the current law of WTO does not appear to give a satisfactory response to the resulting problems ; on the other side, there is a big gap between the green trade barriers set up by the developed countries and developing countries, which causes absolutely an imbalance in the international free trade. The analyse that we did in this study relating both to the regional trade agreements and WTO allow us to conclude the WTO plays an irreplaceable role in face of challenges of the green trade barriers today. This conclusion leads us to propose the solutions which may offer a better balance between the international trade and the environmental protection on a global scale
Iyakaremye, Jean-Bosco. "La prévention du génocide: un défi possible à relever." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35233.
Full textFay, Emmanuelle. "La dynamique et l'impact du bouleau envahisseur dans une tourbière de l'Est du Canada." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23632/23632.pdf.
Full textBouchenafa, Walid. "Modélisation des inondations en tunnel en cas de crue de la Seine pour le Plan de Protection des Risques Inondations de la RATP (PPRI)." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2338/document.
Full textThe 1910 flood of the Seine had a direct impact on the functioning of the different networks (Electricity network, sewerage, transport, water distribution). The RATP network was particularly affected in its functioning. The damage that centennial flood could cause today may be even greater because the current network is more vulnerable because of the numerous electrical and computer equipment that it comprises. The majority of the emergences (The water ingress) of the RATP is located in flood areas. During a major flooding of the Seine, the flows due to the floods propagate directly into the underground and central part of the network (Metro and RER) through these emergences. This thesis is interested in a hydrodynamic simulation by MIKE URBAN, Model used to model the RATP network due to its MOUSE engine developed by DHI for the sewerage networks. This work also presents the results obtained on a physical model of a subway station. The experimental data were used to model water ingress within the RATP network from the subway station. Network protection against infiltration requires a thorough knowledge of underground flow conditions. Infiltrations through the tunnels are estimated numerically. The aim of this research is to improve and validate a simulation model. It is a question of implementing an operational decision support tool which will allow the flood cell of the RATP to understand the functioning of its network in order to improve its flood risk protection plan
Gravel, Christian. "Impact des pressions agricoles sur la qualité de l'eau des réseaux d'aqueducs municipaux du Québec alimentés en eau souterraine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23654/23654.pdf.
Full textLago, Marques Manuelle. "L’« expérience publique de l’environnement » : une analyse des expérimentations au sein de deux espaces naturels protégés habités, en France et au Brésil." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100163.
Full textThis thesis has a double purpose. First, it seeks to identify how the experiences of environmental protection can be developed within inhabited protected natural areas (ENPH). Then, it examines how the “Environment” can organize and integrate the social and political dynamics of the territories touched by approaches of conservation based on “ordinary” nature. To this end, we conducted a series of interviews, observation visits, archival research and a broad press review. By appealing to a cross history of local relationships with the natural and political environment and their mobilization in dealing with contemporary affairs involving protection policies – namely: the construction of roads – we have searched the benchmarks of how the contexts of meaning could be built within and through the Marais poitevin Regional Natural Park (France) and the Guaraqueçaba Environmental Protected Area (Brésil). Through our research, we show the importance of problematic situations – whether or not they result from nature conservation approaches – in the emergence of “public experiences of the Environment”, which is understood by us as any experience derived from the incorporation of the environmental issues into different fields of interaction. Whether these experiences are generated by public actions or arenas, whether they stem from the feeling of “troubles” or from a procedure of “inquiry”, they become public to the extent that (i) they make of “nature” an object of attention, action or debate and (ii) they involve the relationship of different “publics” to their “environments”. Incorporating international, national and local issues, “Environmental” experiences become public and private throughout the social experiments, and the processes of destabilization and reformulation of these protected areas
Esta tese tem um duplo propósito. Primeiramente, ela busca identificar como as experiências de proteção do Meio Ambiente podem se desenvolver em Unidades de Conservação (UC) habitadas. Em seguida, ela procura examinar, no contexto de iniciativas de conservação de naturezas “ordinárias”, de que maneira o “Meio Ambiente” pode organizar e integrar as dinâmicas sociais e políticas de determinados territórios. Para tanto, efetuamos uma série de entrevistas, de estadias de observação, de pesquisa de arquivos e uma extensa revisão de documentos de imprensa. Recorrendo a uma história cruzada entre as relações locais ao meio natural e ao meio político, assim como a uma identificação da mobilização de tais relações quando do tratamento de problemas contemporâneos colocando em questão as políticas de proteção – a saber, a construção de estradas –, pudemos identificar como o Parque Natural Regional do Marais poitevin (França) e a Área de Proteção Ambiental de Guaraqueçaba (Brasil) orientaram a formação de sentido ambiental através de sua existência e de sua ação. Através nossa pesquisa, mostramos a importância da confrontação a situações “problemáticas” – que elas decorram ou não de atividades de conservação da natureza – para a emergência de “experiências públicas do meio ambiente”, compreendidas por nós como toda experiência derivada da incorporação da questão ambiental em diferentes campos de interação. Que estas experiências sejam geradas por ações ou arenas públicas, que elas resultem de “distúrbios” ou de um procedimento de “enquete”, elas tornam-se públicas na medida em que (i) elas fazem da “natureza” um objeto de atenção, de ação e de debate e (ii) elas envolvem a relação de diferentes “públicos” a seus “ambientes”. Incorporando questões ao mesmo tempo internacionais, nacionais e locais, as experiências do “Meio Ambiente” tornam-se assim públicas e privadas ao longo das experimentações sociais, assim como das desestabilizações e das reformulações de tais espaços
Hege, Robin. "La régulation du marché de l'aide professionnelle à domicile pour les personnes âgées dépendantes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E006/document.
Full textThe professional home-care market for the disabled elderly in France is regulated. The APA partially reimburses the professional home-care demand and the price of some home-care producers are fixed by the regulator. These producers must serve every area on the territory. The departmental councils set up these regulation policies. Their goal is to reduce financial and geographical inequalities in terms of access to home-care inside each department. Our thesis tries to determine if reductions of inequalities inside each department increase inequalities between department. The first chapter uses a departmental survey to check if the decentralization of regulation policies creates a heterogeneity between department. The second chapter aims to estimate the effects of the heterogeneity observed in the previous chapter on the home-care consumption. We use a national survey to estimate the price-elasticity of the professional home-care demand. The third chapter uses firm’s billing data to analyze the distribution function of the public support according to personal income and its impact on consumption. Finally, the fourth chapter presents a theoretical model of a mixed market where two firms compete on a market, one of which has a ubiquity constraint. The model studies the effect of this ubiquity constraint on the quality
Mikala-N'Godjo, Claude. "Le tourisme au Congo : situation et perspectives." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF20025.
Full textIt seems important to be aware of the present congolese situation and to learn about its potentialities in perspective. After independence, tourism was almost inexistant in congo. Yet the country has a great deal of natural and cultural resources. Nothing but the lack of exploitation of these resources prevents congo to develop an outstanding competitive position on the international market. Great financial efforts are required to enhance these touristic features by creating necessary infrastructures in terms of reception and supplies. The governement should have its priority objectives in the satisfaction of mostly european customers'needs. Therefore, every efforts should be made to get fair accommodation distributed on the whole country, and to develop the means of information for the customers. Measures in terms of cooperation with the tower operators, the formation of skilled labour contribute to the profitability of services, and to the development of the country. Despite some good effort, perspectives still depend on the governement'will to carry out the different projects under consideration
Danna, Charlotte. "Le principe de solidarité écologique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2070.
Full textAdopted by article 2 from act nr 2016-1087 concerning the reconquest of biodiversity, nature and landscape of August 8th 2016, the principle of ecological solidarity calls “for taking into consideration the interactions of ecosystems, living creatures and natural or developed environments in all public decisions having a notable impact on the environment of the territories concerned”.This general principle of environmental law inscribed in article L110 1 of the environmental code is designed to preserve the interactions of ecosystems and ecological processes as well as to improve the environmental management of the territories. The duality of its objective renders it a highly valuable principle which should be applied to numerous decisions. Various supranational foundations, within jurisprudence and in international and European laws, can thus be assigned to it. In the context of ecological interdependence the evolution of the international and European dimension of the principle remains essential in order to see the benefits concerning the safeguarding of biodiversity. It is greatly enhanced, as regards internal law, by the fact that it is at the very center of the environment's equilibrium. It justifies the right to a balanced environment and extends the constitutional principles of prevention and sustainable development. Confronted with the crisis of world-wide biodiversity extinction that threatens our survival, the principle of ecological solidarity emerges as the last chance to preserve it. Two major groups of systems allow us to measure the dynamics of the principle of ecological solidarity: the green and the blue line belt network and the Ocean and coastline Governance Framework. They constitute a basis on which to develop ecological solidarity and represent the beginnings of new legislation. The principle of ecological solidarity requires them to be reinforced and more generally to advance all decisions concerned by the principle
Lovetski, Stanislav. "Les sources internationales du droit de la protection du consommateur." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1122/1/M10502.pdf.
Full textGauthier, Karl. "Quel est l’apport d’un observatoire photographique pour la protection et la mise en valeur des paysages : le cas des lanières agricoles de la MRC de Memphrémagog." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24123.
Full textIn 1986, Memphrémagog Regional County Municipality (MRCM) mandated SOTAR, an urban planning firm, to characterize landscapes of special interests (SOTAR, 1986) as defined in Quebec Act respecting land use planning and development. An extensive photographic library was collected during the 1986 mandate. This exceptional database of 600 slides allows a description of the landscape elements contributing to the distinctive character of the MRCM. Informed about the potential benefits of the photographic database, MRCM instituted, in partnership with the University of Montreal, a landscape photographic observatory to define how the observatory can be use to understand and document the evolution of landscapes of interest. The present master’s thesis analyses the evolution of the sites contained in the agricultural strips identified in the 1986 SOTAR study. The analysis was conducted using the general method for photographic observatories (Guittet 2016). Data for the analysis was obtained from 16 sites and interviews with 20 rural stakeholders. The analysis documents the progressive disappearance of agricultural strips. The decrease in farming activities in portions of the territory led to the disappearance of barns, a restriction in visual perspective and the arrival of non-farming population. The study highlights the importance of understanding the social context in the transformation of rural landscapes.
Krim, Nacéra. "Tables de concertation et préservation du patrimoine, solution porteuse ou chimère ? : deux cas d’étude, le Vieux-Montréal et le mont Royal." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4185.
Full textConsensus building is a recent and increasingly widespread phenomenon. It is used in many areas, including urban planning, and more recently heritage protection. Consensus building appears to be an appropriate tool for municipal authorities to handle conflicts in development projects, especially those projects that are related to heritage protection. Our research focuses on the contribution of consensus building in the area of heritage preservation, and on the means put in place to achieve such a goal. Are round tables, as part of the consensus building process, appropriate in managing heritage sites? Based on a theoretical discussion on consensus building in development issues, we compare two case studies, namely the Old Montréal and the Mount Royal round tables on consensus building. This analysis focuses on assessing the consensus building process and on developing a global vision for the future of the two heritage sectors under study. Our goal is to characterize the consensus building process used in Montréal and to evaluate its contribution to the field of heritage protection. The analysis of our two case studies reveals the existence of a distinctive consensus building process specific to Montréal, a process which however needs to be optimized. We conclude our research with the need to improve the assessed consensus building process through a number of avenues to explore.
Couvreur, Angéline. "Le potentiel synergique de l’intégration économique et de la protection environnementale." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19143.
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