Relevant bibliographies by topics / Protalus rampart

Academic literature on the topic 'Protalus rampart'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Protalus rampart"

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Scapozza, C. "Investigation on protalus ramparts in the Swiss Alps." Geographica Helvetica 70, no. 2 (April 14, 2015): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-70-135-2015.

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Abstract. The origin and classification of landforms denominated as "protalus ramparts" in the scientific literature is a problem that is far from being resolved. The main objective of this contribution is to support a permafrost-related definition of protalus ramparts. If we consider the Alpine framework, protalus ramparts are generally very rare landforms; by contrast, the Alpine periglacial belt is characterised by a large diffusion of talus slopes and talus rock glaciers. The investigations carried out in six sites of the Valais Alps (Switzerland) allow eight major "diagnostic criteria" to be presented that help to define protalus ramparts in Alpine environments and that support the permafrost-related genesis of most of them. The major source of controversy is related to the use of the term protalus rampart to designate both a nivo-gravitational landform (also called "pronival ramparts") and a permafrost-related landform. All the considerations presented here allow an active protalus rampart to be defined simply as a (small) active talus rock glacier.
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Hedding, David W., Paul D. Sumner, Stephen D. Holness, and K. Ian Meiklejohn. "Formation of a pronival rampart on sub-Antarctic Marion Island." Antarctic Science 19, no. 4 (August 2, 2007): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102007000582.

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AbstractThe formation of a pronival (protalus) rampart on sub-Antarctic Marion Island is investigated. Morphological attributes show debris at the angle of repose on the rampart's proximal slope and at a lower angle on the distal slope. Relative-age dating, based on the percentage moss cover and weathering rind thickness of the clastic component, indicates accumulation mainly on the proximal slope and rampart crest, implying upslope (retrogressive) accumulation. This contrasts with a previously published model for pronival ramparts, which proposes rampart growth by addition of material to the distal slope. Development of the Marion Island rampart is suggested to result from the control exerted by a relatively low-angled surface and a shrinking snowbed. A small debris step formed on the proximal slope appears to be a response to decreased snowfalls due to changing climate over the last c. 50 years. Growth rate of the rampart is considered to be variable during the Holocene in response to changes in climate and debris supply.
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Shakesby, R. A. "Pronival (protalus) ramparts: a review of forms, processes, diagnostic criteria and p alaeoenvi ronmental implications." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 21, no. 3 (September 1997): 394–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339702100304.

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Most of the literature on pronival (protalus) ramparts deals with supposed fossil examples with very few studies devoted to active features and/or observed processes. Not surprisingly, this has led to circular reasoning and assumptions about typical rampart form, constituent material and genesis that have been shown to be inadequate or spurious from the few detailed investigations of actively forming ramparts so far carried out. Nevertheless, reliance continues to be placed on the characteristics of fossil features in the search for previously unidentified fossil examples. This article provides a critical review of rampart terminology, morphology and sedimentology, mechanisms, 'diagnostic' criteria, position in a continuum of talus-derived landforms and palaeoclimatic significance. It is suggested that the descriptor pronival is preferable to the widely used protalus, as the latter is misleadingly restrictive in terms of the known range of possible locations. Greater variability in terms of form and mechanisms of formation than most workers assume is indicated by recent studies of active features, with multiple as well as single ridges, fines and edge-worn as well as coarse angular clasts being found, and a variety of supranival and also subnival processes regarded as possibly contributing to rampart formation. It is concluded that only when further investigations of actively forming ramparts have been carried out, will it be possible to compile a reliable list of criteria for dist inguishing ramparts from moraines, protalus rock glaciers and other bedrock cliff-foot deposi tional forms. Correct identification of fossil ramparts may then lead to a better understanding of 1) their place in a continuum of talus-derived landforms; and 2) their potential as palaeoclimatic indicators.
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Hedding, D. W. "Pronival rampart and protalus rampart: a review of terminology." Journal of Glaciology 57, no. 206 (2011): 1179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311798843241.

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Ballantyne, Colin K. "The conachair protalus Rampart, St Kilda." Scottish Geographical Journal 118, no. 4 (January 1, 2002): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00369220218737156.

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Ballantyne, Colin K., and Douglas I. Benn. "Glaciological constraints on protalus rampart development." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 5, no. 3 (August 1994): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430050304.

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Hedding, David W. "Pronival ramparts." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 40, no. 6 (November 28, 2016): 835–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316678148.

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Pronival ramparts are debris ridges formed at the downslope margins of perennial or semi-permanent snowbeds beneath bedrock cliffs. These landforms, also previously known as protalus ramparts, are located in periglacial environments, but the apparent simplicity of rampart formation made these landforms far less interesting than other modified forms of talus in cold environments. As a result, limited research, use of supposed relict examples and assumed formative mechanisms led to the misidentification of ramparts, circular arguments regarding genesis and inappropriate palaeo-environmental inferences. Several advances have, however, been made in the past few decades, particularly where actively-forming ramparts have been studied. Thus, this paper provides a review of research on pronival ramparts. In particular, focus is placed on the advances made in our understanding of rampart genesis, identification (diagnostic criteria) and palaeo-environmental significance. Notable advances include the development of a retrogressive model of rampart genesis to supplement the conventional downslope model of development, revised diagnostic criteria for field identification and the use of calibration equations during Schmidt-hammer exposure dating of pronival rampart. The use of pronival ramparts as palaeo-environmental indicators is also examined to determine what relict examples of these landforms may reveal about past climates.
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Brook, Martin S., and Jacob Williams. "A Relict Pronival (Protalus) Rampart in the Tararua Range, North Island, New Zealand." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 24, no. 1 (December 2, 2012): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1759.

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Harris, Charles. "Some observations concerning the morphology and sedimentology of a protalus rampart, Okstindan, Norway." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 11, no. 6 (November 1986): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290110610.

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Curry, Alastair M., John Walden, and D. Allan Cheshire. "The Nant Ffrancon ‘protalus rampart’: evidence for Late Pleistocene paraglacial landsliding in Snowdonia, Wales." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 112, no. 4 (January 2001): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(01)80011-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protalus rampart"

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SCOTTI, RICCARDO. "Spatial and temporal variability of glaciers and rock glaciers in the central italian alps (Lombardy region)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/41861.

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This study aims to investigate the cryosphere of the Lombardy region (Central Italian Alps) by compiling and analysing glacier, rock glacier, and protalus rampart inventories. To this purpose, I have employed remote sensing techniques and in-situ measurements for delineating the contemporary and historical extent of glaciers and contemporary extent of rock glaciers and protalus ramparts. In order to better identify and highlight the response of the regional cryosphere to climate change, the LIA maximum extent has been reconstructed for nine selected glaciers and their fluctuations since then have been discussed and analyzed in relation to temperature and precipitation recorded at ground weather stations. The main objectives of this doctoral dissertation are to: compile glacier, rock glacier and protalus rampart regional inventory for the Central Italian Alps (Lombardy region) exploitable for investigations about permafrost distribution; elucidate the linkages between the occurrence of periglacial landforms (rock glaciers and protalus ramparts) and local litho-topographic attributes; examine the variability of periglacial activity in relation to terrain elevation and mean annual precipitation; gain new insights about the impact of the Pleistocene-Holocene climatic transition on the periglacial domain within the study area; examine the linkages between glaciers location, glaciers attributes (e.g., size, aspect, ELA0) and mean annual precipitation; analyze the relations between glaciers location, size, aspect, ELA0 and areal variations since 1991; analyze post-LIA (1860) glacier fluctuations for nine selected glaciers from different sub-regions of the central Italian Alps; investigate glacier sensitivity to climate change (i.e., precipitation and temperature).
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Lewis, C. A. "Protalus ramparts and the altitude of the local equilibrium line during the last glacial stage in Bokspruit, East Cape Drakensberg, South Africa." 1994. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/310/1/Protalus_ramparts.pdf.

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A ridge of unconsolidated debris at an altitude of 2000 m, located beneath cliffs in the East Cape Drakensberg of South Africa, is interpreted on morphological and sedimentological evidence as a protalus rampart. The rampart is believed to have formed in the Bottelnek Stadial, after 27 000 BP and before 13 000 BP, and provides evidence of perennial snowbeds and at least discontinuous permafrost in the East Cape Drakensberg during that Stadial.
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Lewis, Colin A. "Protalus ramparts and the altitude of the local equilibrium line during the last glacial stage in Bokspruit, East Cape Drakensberg, South Africa." 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006729.

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A ridge of unconsolidated debris at an altitude of 2000 m, located beneath cliffs in the East Cape Drakensberg of South Africa, is interpreted on morphological and sedimentological evidence as a protalus rampart. The rampart is believed to have formed in the Bottelnek Stadial, after 27 000 BP and before 13 000 BP, and provides evidence of perennial snowbeds and at least discontinuous permafrost in the East Cape Drakensberg during that Stadial.
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Book chapters on the topic "Protalus rampart"

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"Protalus Rampart." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 1657. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_100306.

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Conference papers on the topic "Protalus rampart"

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Trzinski, Adam, Michael O'Neal, and Michael O'Neal. "EVALUATING THE PHYSIOGRAPHIC AND CLIMATIC CONTROLS ON ROCK GLACIERS AND PROTALUS RAMPARTS IN THE DRY ANDES, SAN JUAN, ARGENTINA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-280477.

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