Journal articles on the topic 'Prostitution – Social aspects – Turkey'
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Tsiamis, Costas, Georgia Vrioni, Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou, Vasiliki Gennimata, Mariana А. Murdjeva, and Athanasios Tsakris. "Medical and Social Aspects of Syphilis in the Balkans from the mid-19th Century to the Interwar." Folia Medica 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2016-0001.
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Abstract The current study presents some aspects of syphilis in the Balkan Peninsula from the 19th century until the Interwar. Ever since the birth of modern Balkan States (Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey and Serbia), urbanization, poverty and the frequent wars have been considered the major factors conducive to the spread of syphilis. The measures against sex work and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were taken in two aspects, one medical and the other legislative. In this period, numerous hospitals for venereal diseases were established in the Balkan countries. In line with the international diagnostic approach and therapeutic standards, laboratory examinations in these Balkan hospitals included spirochete examination, Wassermann reaction, precipitation reaction and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Despite the strict legislation and the adoption of relevant laws against illegal sex work, public health services were unable to curb the spread of syphilis. Medical and social factors such as poverty, citizen’s ignorance of STDs, misguided medical perceptions, lack of sanitary control of prostitution and epidemiological studies, are highlighted in this study. These factors were the major causes that helped syphilis spread in the Balkan countries during the 19th and early 20th century. The value of these aspects as a historic paradigm is diachronic. Failure to comply with the laws and the dysfunction of public services during periods of war or socioeconomic crises are both factors facilitating the spread of STDs.
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Permata, Verania Hedi. "Online Prostitution Amidst the Rapid Technological Advances: Legal and Social Aspects." Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v1i1.49837.
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Today almost everyone is using the internet, because from the internet we can get all the information easily and quickly. but not everyone knows the dangers of using the internet. because it is not uncommon also someone to commit crimes through the internet (cyber crime). cyber crime is the negative side of technological advances for all areas of modern life that exist today. one of the crimes that can occur through internet access is online prostitution. The online prostitution activity is a negative impact of social media abuse. One effort that can be used to cope with online prostitution activity that occurs is with the approach of criminal law policy through criminal sanctions as a concrete form of criminal responsibility to perpetrators of online prostitution. The disclosure of online prostitution cases proves that social media is a powerful tool for the promotion of prostitution. Such prostitution activity is the effect of unlimited use of online social media. In the absence of a national regulation that regulates this matter, online prostitution users will feel secure and liberal in purchasing services for their own satisfaction, while in fact it is contrary to legal norms in society.
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Terziev, Venelin, and Hristo Bonev. "LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS OF PROSTITUTION COUNTERACT." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 2007–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28062007v.
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The aim of the article is to establish a strategic orientation of the legislative initiatives towards the factors of prostitution. These criteria are accepted as a basis for assessing prostitution and its role in ensuring the citizens security in the country. This implies a complex nature of a policy that should include both social, educational, economic, retributive and administrative measures that create an incentive for alternative prostitution and discourage prostitution consumption. Creating effective and consistent legislative initiatives subjected to a sustainable legislative concept. Assessment of legal regimes to counteract prostitution in other European countries in order to support the policy of Bulgarian institutions to establish legislative approaches to the prostitution concept.
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Gris, O. A. "Socio-Historical Aspects of the Process of Institutionalization of Prostitutional Relations." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 3, 2020 (2020): 248–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2020-3-248-266.
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The article presents a socio-historical analysis of the formation of prostitution as a social institution. The considered concepts about the origin of prostitution, regardless of the root causes — a relic of archaic-primitive instincts, building a social structure through exchange, where a woman was a medium of exchange or the decline of orgiastic cults, allowed the author to conclude that there was a regulation of sexual relations and the construction of gender discriminatory structure of society. Based on the works of various authors, the main stages of the process of institutionalization of prostitution are identified — “state-regional”, “socio-regional”, transnational-global”. The article analyzes the interaction with other social institutions. The state of the system of prostitutional relations at the present “transnational-global” stage is described, where prostitution has become one of the elements of the sex industry. The intensification of criminalization and discrimination in the field of prostitution relations is noted.
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�nyshko, Oksana. "LEGAL, SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF LEGALIZATION OF SEXUAL SERVICES." Social Legal Studios 10, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32518/2617-4162-2020-4-101-108.
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The main legal ways to the socio-political regulation of sexual services (prostitution) in different countries are considered. The main problems facing the society of each state in the field of regulation of prostitutes activity, their so-called �curatores� and clients. The participation of the state in identifying and solving the problems of the sex industry are defined. It is determined that an important role in the legalization of prostitution is played not only by the legal but also by the moral and ethical aspects, which have a lot of limits in every society. Four models of prostitution regulation that exist in different countries of the world are analyzed. It is substantiated that not every model in itself is effective and is optimal for implementation. It depends of the legal system, level of consolidation of society and position of the government on this issue. Criminal liability for pimping, which exists in Ukraine, is only a small positive step in the fight against illegal profits related to the exploitation (voluntary or forced) of another person's body. The negative point in this area is the lack of social, medical and legal protection of prostitutes, as their clients are also at risk. So, the legalization on of the sexual services is necessary for our state, but it must be preceded by a series of successive authority�s steps: public dialogue on different public platforms, changes in legislation and government administrative decisions.
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Setiawan, Rahmadi Agus. "Building An Islamic Feminist Liberation Theology For Women In Prostitution." ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin 20, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v20i1.1556.
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Nowadays prostitution tends to be regarded as a moral problem. This claim, in fact, oppresses women in prostitution. Women in prostitution then are regarded as sinners, dirty, and damned. This stigmatization in fact cannot solve the real problem of prostitution, and has made it difficult for women in prostitution to return to society. Based on historical, social and cultural research on prostitution, it can be found that prostitution is a structural problem. Structurally, women in prostitution are victims of poverty, discrimination against women, and domination by patriarchal culture. Stigmatizing women in prostitution nowadays cannot be separated from religion as source of morality. The false interpretation of religion often happens because theology is constructed from a dogmatic-textual orientation. Based on this theology, women in prostitution, of course, are blamed and claimed to be sinners. This perception makes women in prostitution who are oppressed become more oppressed. Based on this problem, then, theology needs to be reconstructed. By considering social and cultural analysis, theology need not become in the future so alienated from actual problems. To support the literary data, field research will be conducted, that is in Pasarkembang, a centre of prostitution in Jogjakarta. To collect data from this field, I will use convenience samples for interviews of women in prostitution. The interview questionnaire is included in the appendix. The interview questions will be based on existing research with the intention of connecting the local situation to theory in liberation theology. Interview questions will be quoted in text to illustrate structural aspects of prostitution. This field study proposes to learn about the presence of structural aspects of prostitution in Islamic society in Indonesia. In investigating Islamic theology, some points can be addressed. The main point is that the situation of many women in prostitution nowadays is analogous with slavery in Muhammad’s day. If we look at al-Qur’an wholly, we will understand that Islam actually wanted to eradicate slavery gradually. Some verses even explicitly forbid people to enslave women. The last step of liberation theology is praxis. In considering the steps within praxis, the insights of Islamic theology, can do best praxis for liberating women in prostitution. But, women in prostitution have also to be included in this praxis. The role of women in prostitution as subjects is very important if they are to liberate themselves.
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Retno Martini, Laura Andri. "Perempuan dan Pelacuran dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Genduk Dukuh Seti Karangan Rohana Handaningrum Sebuah Kajian Feminis Radikal." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.13.4.658-666.
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Prostitution or prostitution is a phenomenon in people's lives and is considered a "social problem". The general view states that the emergence of prostitution is based on a sense of women's helplessness in aspects of life when compared to men. This perception is not only found in social reality. The condition of women as objects also appears in literary works, as a reflection of people's perceptions. Therefore, it takes a study in the perspective of feminism, especially radical feminists to explore the issue of prostitution that occurs in women. The feminist literary criticism approach was carried out in this study with the type of qualitative research. Data was taken from the collection of Genduk Dukuh Seti short stories written by Rohana Handaningrum. The study was conducted aimed at describing the elements of radical feminism found in texts. The results of this study indicate that there are elements of radical feminism in the cepen group. The power relations of men and women are shown in the doctrine of marriage and the traditional ties that bound women. Whereas the removal of virginity and prostitution is a form of women's power over their bodies.
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Korporowicz, Violetta. "Alkoholizm, prostytucja, zakażenia HIV i AIDS, narkomania jako formy wykluczenia społecznego (w świetle badań)." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 3 (November 23, 2012): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2012.3.5.
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The growth of social exclusion may be affected many aspects of social life such as alcoholism, prostitution and drug addiction. Particularly worrying is the growth of alcoholism among young people in Poland. A 2009 study conducted in Poland by WHO states that 11–15-year-old students in Poland are attempting to drink alcohol. Prostitution is another social phenomenon affecting the development of social exclusion. The most common cause of prostitution in Poland is difficult financial situation and inability to obtain work. Another negative phenomenon, which may affect the growth of social exclusion is drug addiction. The reasons for importance of drug abuse among social problems are not only quantitative parameters, but also the dynamics of the phenomena and changes in the structure of the population affected by the problem. Synthetic studies of the spread of drug addiction emphasize that the increasing rate of the phenomenon goes beyond its reach and environmental groups traditionally associated with drug addiction. This is the reason why it is so hard to help the drug addicts.
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Gribunov, Oleg, Gennady Nebratenko, Evgeny Bezruchko, and Elena Millerova. "Problems of the Criminal Law Assessment of Involvement in Prostitution and the Organization of This Activity Through the Use or the Threat of Violence." Russian Journal of Criminology 13, no. 6 (December 26, 2019): 941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(6).941-950.
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The authors examine the specific features of criminal law assessment of involvement in prostitution and the organization of this activity through the use or the threat of violence. At the beginning, they stress the urgency of counteracting the social phenomenon of prostitution, analyze the very concept of «prostitution», its debatable and problematic aspects, because it is impossible to offer a correct qualification of criminal actions connected with prostitution (crimes under Art. 240 and 241 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) without determining the boundaries of providing sexual services specifically referring to the term «prostitution». It is concluded that the key problem for determining the scope of sexual actions described by the term «prostitution» is the lack of an official definition of this term in Russian legislation as well as a wide variety of services in the modern sex industry. The authors state that the understanding of prostitution as a historical social phenomenon as a situation when a woman provides sexual services to different men by performing sexual acts with them for previously discussed material compensation is outdated and does not reflect the multiple dimensions of modern prostitution. While researching the issues of qualifying criminal acts connected with prostitution and involving the use or the threat of violence within the framework of this article, the authors have analyzed the work of both Russian and foreign scholars and studied examples of investigation and court practice. They examine the problems of legal assessment of criminal law categories «violence» and «the threat of using violence» regarding publically dangerous actions connected with the involvement in prostitution and the organization of this activity. The authors present the criteria of differentiating between corpus delicti where such actions are criminally punishable and other corpus delicti, as well as the cases that require qualification for multiple crimes. The results of this research allowed the authors to work out and present recommendations on qualifying criminal actions connected with prostitution and involving the use of the threat of violence.
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Moen, Ole Martin. "Is prostitution harmful?" Journal of Medical Ethics 40, no. 2 (August 28, 2012): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2011-100367.
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Pujhana, I. Kadek Wahyu, and Made Diah Lestari. "The Dynamic of Intimacy in Prostitution." Buletin Psikologi 29, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/buletinpsikologi.56729.
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The study of prostitution in Indonesia is dominated by economic, legal, social and health studies. Psychological studies related to the dynamics of intimacy are still limited and mostly conducted in the context of sexual and reproductive health, namely the use of condoms. Intimacy in this article refers to closeness, attachment, and comfort that are psychologically important for prostitutes to manage in order to maintain a personal relationship with clients. The purpose of this article is to describe intimacy in the world of prostitution. Through literature studies and by limiting the study on female prostitutes, this article discusses the definition of prostitution, its history in Indonesia, the role of intimacy in prostitution, the boundaries of intimate relationships, and the link between intimacy and condom use. Two discourses, intimacy as part of sexual relations and intimacy as a form of embeddedness in an economic context are used to understand the boundary line between intimacy as a commercial relationship and intimacy as a non-commercial relationship. This article is expected to contribute to the psychological, legal, and health aspects of prostitution.
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Yildiz, Gaye Burcu. "Legal and social aspects of migrant employment in Turkey." Z Problematyki Prawa Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej 20, no. 3 (April 21, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2022.20.05.
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For over a decade, Turkey has been facing mass influx of Syrian citizens – besides Afghans, Iraqis, and Iranians – who are seeking international protection. This humanitarian problem has many different aspects, e.g., providing housing, employment, health services, and education. The general rule regarding the accommodation of refugees and asylum seekers is temporary accommodation centres. But this cannot be realised in the Syrian migrants’ case due to their massive numbers. Turkey is hosting 3,6 million Syrians under the temporary protection status. This international protection type does not give them the right to work per se. Like other foreigners who want to work in Turkey, Syrians have to apply for a work permit. In practice, many of the Syrians work informally, which causes major infringements of fundamental rights. Besides the legal aspect, this problem has to be handled by the cooperation of different fields of social sciences, especially by sociology and public policy. The implementation of legal instruments will not solve the social problems unless the integration of the migrants to the host community is realised with appropriate public incentives. This paper examines the national legislation concerning migrant workers. Following this examination, the author analyses the actual situation deriving from practice, based on prior research and reports of national and international organizations.
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Şimşek, Ferruh, Osman Hayran, Tufan Tarcan, Yalçin İlker, and Atif Akdaş. "Social and Medical Aspects of Undescended Testes in Turkey." European Urology 28, no. 2 (1995): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000475043.
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Gök, Maide. "Child marriages in Turkey with different aspects." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 1 (April 23, 2016): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3795.
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Child marriages are one of the most improtant reasons of gender inequality in the family in Turkey, as well as a widespread social problem we face is seen all over the world. This situation increases the need for child marriages to be viewed from a different dimension to the phenomenon and to reveal all aspects of this problem. The issue of child marriages are being addressed in the literature in recent years has been the subject of research in different disciplines, but most of the work is focused on a single dimension of child marriage or depending on the specific area it seems they are trying to identify child marriage. In current study, although carried to contribute to the debate on the concept of child marriage, legal issues, medical, economic, social and political dimensions are presented with an integrated approach. In present study, it has been found that child marriages are an important result of observed gender inequalities in social, political, and economic life and child marriages have been found to cause to continue the gender inequality on women’s lives. However, the cultural codes, values and inequalities, the deterioration of the family structure, social movements, and migration are seen to have an impact on child marriages. In this study, many suggestions are offered to solve the problem of child marriages such as ensuring gender equality in childhood, abandoning conditioning on gender roles, and increasing education level and the law enforcement.
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Ahmed, Waseem, Mohd Wazid Khan, Anas Jameel, and Mohammad Nadeem. "Legislative Developments and Judicial approach towards Prostitution in India: An Analysis." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i10.009.
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India, which justifies its claim to be one of the very ancient civilizations of the world, presents the rise and development of prostitution. Recently, in India it has been estimated that there are approximately 3 million sex workers, the vast majority of whom are between the ages of 15 and 35. Here, prostitution is considered as a taboo which is not openly discussed. Due to its role in weakening the institution of marriage, increase in the sexually transmitted diseases, kidnapping of girls, the exclusion of prostitutes from society, physical and psychological sufferings, etc., it poses a significant threat to the social fabric of India. Since abolition of this profession seems to be impossible, the legalisation regulating the prostitution could be implemented as a solution to this problem. The present paper examines the development of legislations pertaining to the regulations of prostitution in India. It looks at the transformations in various aspects of law related to the prostitution. For this purpose, the researchers have analyzed legislations enacted by the government to regulate the prostitution in India from time to time. Moreover, they have also analyzed the recent guidelines issued by Hon'ble Supreme Courts of India wherein it has considered "prostitution as a profession". The authors will also analyse the guidelines issued by hon'ble Supreme Court of India for promoting and ensuring safe and healthier working condition for sex workers.
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Ramadhani, Erfita, and Dara Quthni Effida. "Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Prostitusi Online Anak Dibawah Umur (Studi Penelitian Kabupaten Nagan Raya)." Ius Civile: Refleksi Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan 6, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jic.v6i1.4793.
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In the pandemic era, technology is one way to do activities to facilitate a human activity, the legal aspects that regulate life which aims to regulate harmonization between humans are often violated by certain elements to gain profits, apart from globalization, prostitution also participates Entering the realm of online media, there are many pimps who promote prostitution on social media. Violating online postings violate not only moral norms but also legal norms. This social disease occurs in many areas in Indonesia, including Aceh, especially Nagan Raya. This study aims to determine Law Enforcement Against the Crime of Online Prostitution of Minors in Nagan Raya Regency and the obstacles faced in law enforcement against online prostitution crimes. The method in this study is the empirical judicial method by conducting interviews with both informants and respondents who have been determined previously. The results of the study indicate that law enforcement against online prostitution in Nagan Raya Regency has been running and a series of investigations and investigations have been carried out to uncover cases of online prostitution. From the results of the investigation conducted, it is known that the perpetrators of online prostitution crimes for minors use WhatsApp as a transaction medium. For pimps, Article 506 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) states that: "Anyone who takes advantage of the obscene acts of a woman and uses it as a livelihood, is threatened with a maximum imprisonment of one year. The obstacles faced by law enforcement in dealing with online prostitution in Nagan Raya Regency are divided into 2, namely internal and external. Internal obstacles include the lack of legal instruments to ensnare perpetrators (Commercial Sex Workers) and users (consumers) of online prostitution, the lack of police personnel who can immediately follow up on the finding of the cyber team, the need for up-to-date equipment and personnel capabilities to balance the growing cyber crime, the difficulty of completing evidence and witnesses for court filings and the lack of socialization programs related to online prostitution as a preventive measure such as outreach to students. External constraints encountered include the attitude of the people who are permissive and reluctant to report online prostitution that they encounte.
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Roem, Elva Ronaning, Ghina Novarisa, and Sarmiati Sarmiati. "MODEL KOMUNIKASI DA’I DALAM PEMBINAAN ROHANI PADA MANTAN PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DI KOTA PADANG." Jurnal Ranah Komunikasi (JRK) 4, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/rk.4.1.144-157.2020.
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One way of ex-Commercial Sex Workers to be accepted in society is by studying religion and looking for preachers who can help them understand religious communication. Meanwhile, the Da'i provide religious communication through da'wah to try to save ex-Commercial Sex Workers to get the right path. This research focuses on social phenomena about how Da'i's communication experience provides lessons through religious communication of spiritual coaching in former prostitution at Padang City. The experience can be seen from three aspects, namely religious communication of former prostitution in spiritual formation based on subjective experiences, symbolic interaction forms constructed by Da'i in conveying religious communication to ex-prostitutes and how Da'i constructs religious communication behavior in former prostitution after resign as sex worker. This research uses a qualitative method with a constructive paradigm. The data collection method is interview, observation and documentation. The informants of this research are da'I and former prostitution. This research was analyzed and dissected with phenomenological, symbolic interactional theory and reality construction. The results of this study are the communication of the Dai Religion in Spiritual Development in Former Prostitution in Padang conducted the first stage of the Moral Development method, the Second Stage of self-transformation and the third Stage of intellectual capacity building. Symbolic interaction is shown by Dai in communicating communication messages through verbal symbols that is more to language. Construction of the Meaning of Former prostitution by Dai to former prostituses after quitting employment in disguised prostitution is that ex-prostitution must be appreciated.
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Thomsen, Frej Klem. "Prostitution, disability and prohibition." Journal of Medical Ethics 41, no. 6 (July 30, 2014): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2014-102215.
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Esen Danaci, Ayşen, Gönül Dinç, Artuner Deveci, Firdevs Seyfe Şen, and İlkin İçelli. "Postnatal depression in Turkey: epidemiological and cultural aspects." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 37, no. 3 (March 2002): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270200004.
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Anderson, Scott A. "Comment on ‘Is prostitution harmful?’." Journal of Medical Ethics 40, no. 2 (September 1, 2012): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2012-100649.
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Kentel, Elçin, and Emre Alp. "Hydropower in Turkey: Economical, social and environmental aspects and legal challenges." Environmental Science & Policy 31 (August 2013): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2013.02.008.
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Kilvington, Judith, Sophie Day, and Helen Ward. "Prostitution Policy in Europe: A Time of Change?" Feminist Review 67, no. 1 (March 2001): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01417780150514510.
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There has been considerable recent debate about prostitution in Europe that reflects concerns about health, employment and human rights. Legal changes are being introduced in many countries. We focus on two examples in order to discuss the likely implications. A new law in The Netherlands is normalizing aspects of the sex industry through decriminalizing both workers and businesses. In Sweden, on the other hand, prostitution is considered to be a social problem, and a new law criminalizes the purchasers of sexual services in an attempt to reduce demand. Both reforms appear to have had their desired effect at one level; in The Netherlands, health and safety regulations will be introduced as in any other job, and EU sex workers gain full social, legal and employment rights; in Sweden there was initially a tenfold decrease in the numbers of women working visibly on the streets, and some workers have left the industry. However, in both countries, the new legislation has also driven some sex work underground. Many sex workers are excluded by the Dutch system and move underground to become effectively invisible to the authorities. In Sweden sex workers and their clients also become less visible in order that the latter can avoid sanction. Social and economic changes, such as increased migration and the growing use of the Internet will also render the sex industry less visible both to state regulation and to health care workers. The major problems of prostitution for the workers remain exploitation, stigma, abuse and criminalization. These are not unique to the industry, and can only be tackled effectively by the self-organization of sex workers into unions and rights groups, along with full decriminalization. An alternative vision is promised through self-organization and anti-racist actions by sex workers in Germany; normalization and workers’ rights are tackled alongside training programmes for those seeking alternatives. Policy makers throughout Europe would do well to look at their experience and not simply at the clash of legal reforms.
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Mishchenko, Alla, Inna Shevel, Daria Likarchuk, and Marina Shevchenko. "aspects of international communication." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S4 (November 23, 2021): 1895–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.1878.
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The article is intended to the analysis of geopolitical, conflict-related, strategic interests of Ukraine, which can be realized within the framework of the South vector of the state geopolitics through rational and pragmatic cooperation with the trans-regional leader of the region – Turkey. The purpose of the study is to identify priority areas of cooperation between Ukraine and Turkey in the Black Sea region for the effective implementation of geostrategic interests of Ukraine, and the regularity of development of systems in political defense of states during crises and modern military-political conflicts. The use of interdisciplinary approach and methods of analytical, comparative analysis made it possible to study and analyze the evolution of the value-ideological loads which dominate the implementation of Eastern or Western geopolitical vectors. The necessity to take into account political, social, and conflict-related imbalances and integration constraints revealed the pragmatic direction of the implementation of an equidistant foreign policy of a three-dimensional format which can be viewed as an alternative vector of bilateral cooperation with Turkey, a joint position with which will ensure accelerated development of Ukraine and will help avoid pressure from the European Union and the Russian Federation.
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Berkhout, S. "37. Unlikely bedmates: A critical look at the history of public health and prostitution." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i4.2797.
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The trope of the prostitute as a vector of sexually transmitted disease is longstanding, though not as old as the profession itself. The regulation and control of sex work also boasts of an incredibly long history; the practices that have developed into the field of public health in particular have been an important source of the ideology suffusing sex work, as well as the social identities associated with sex workers.
A general form of a ‘medical police’ (to borrow from Foucault) emerged rather abruptly in the 18th Century, gaining greater support with the advent of positivism in the early 19th Century. The developing methods of epidemiology were intertwined with the uncovering of correlations between poverty, class, and disease, providing both a methodological and ethical foundation for public health interventions and social control, including the legal regulation and sequestering of women thought to be prostituting, forced medical examinations, as well as moral rehabilitation campaigns directed toward sex workers. The breadth of interventions justified by the interests of public health demonstrates that the relationship between public health and prostitution is far deeper than the use of population statistics and outbreak investigations to curb the spread of disease.
In this paper, I consider some of the various ways in which prostitution has been constructed through norms regarding class, gender, and sexuality, and how aspects of the historical relationship between public health practices and prostitution have influenced, and been influenced by, these understandings. Appreciating the historical context of sex work and public health is of significance, given that current ideas about appropriate interventions and regulations continue to be informed by this type of politics of health.
Bell S. Reading, Writing, and Rewriting the Prostitute Body. Indiana University Press, 1994.
Brock D. Making Work, Making Trouble: Prostitution as a Social Problem. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.
Lupton D. The Imperative of Health: Public Health and the Regulated Body. Sage Publications, 1995.
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Can, İ. Özgür, Zehra Demiroğlu, Murat Köker, Halis Ulaş, and Serpil Salaçin. "Legal Aspects of Gender Reassignment Surgery in Turkey." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 18, no. 1 (January 28, 2011): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152151001800104.
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Do Espirito Santo, Maria Eugênia G., and Gina D. Etheredge. "And then I became a prostitute … Some aspects of prostitution and brothel prostitutes in Dakar, Senegal." Social Science Journal 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2003.10.013.
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Theodorou, Michalis. "Aspects of Populism and Nostalgia in the akp’s Turkey." Turkish Historical Review 13, no. 1-2 (October 7, 2022): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-bja10041.
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Abstract As a consequence of a long series of domestic and international political, economic and social developments that resulted in the rise of political Islam in Turkey, the Justice and Development Party (akp) came to power in 2002. Since then, it has been the dominant party in the country, developing a political narrative and a public discourse that have many attributes of modern populism. In line with its strategy to consolidate its power, the akp espouses a populist public discourse that is distinctive and multifaceted. One of its most important manifestations is the mobilization of the population through neo-Ottoman nostalgia, in a context of politicization of emotion to connect with the broader masses.
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Evcimen, Oltan. "Reflections on the Environmental Impact Assessment Processes in Turkey." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i1.p51-56.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process is a procedure that the environmental impacts of decisions on people, fauna and flora, soil, weather, climate, land, cultural heritage, etc. are taken into account before the decisions are made. Moreover, the EIA process has gradually been evolved to cover social aspects. However, Turkish legislation and implementation of EIA process seem to have significant problems when it comes to assessment of decisions on social aspects. This article will offer a critical account on the EIA process in Turkey with regard to the analysis of social impacts. The study will especially focus on whether the EIA reports in Turkey deal with the medium and long-term social impacts of the decisions in real terms and whether these reports have practical benefits in decision making processes. Moreover, the author will specifically ask whether EIA reports in Turkey assess the investments in terms of usefulness and sustainability. The main argument in this study is that those significant merits of the EIA process directly depend on the strength, efficiency and applicability of democratic participation mechanisms.
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PATRONE, TATIANA. "Is Paid Surrogacy a Form of Reproductive Prostitution? A Kantian Perspective." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 27, no. 1 (December 7, 2017): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180117000445.
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Abstract:This article reexamines the “prostitution objection” to paid surrogacy, and argues that rebuttals to this objection fail to focus on surrogates as embodied persons. This failure is based on the false distinction between “selling one’s reproductive services” and “selling one’s body.” To ground the analysis of humans as embodied persons, this article uses Kant’s late ethical theory, which develops the conceptual framework for understanding human beings as embodied selves. Literature on surrogacy commonly emphasizes that all Kantian duties heed to the categorical prohibition to treat persons as mere means. What this literature leaves out is that this imperative commands us more specifically to engage ourselves and others as embodied persons. This article aims to relate this point to a specific issue in assisted reproduction. It argues that a Kantian account of human beings as embodied persons prohibits paid surrogacy on exactly the same grounds as it prohibits prostitution.
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Moen, Ole Martin. "Prostitution and sexual ethics: a reply to Westin." Journal of Medical Ethics 40, no. 2 (December 12, 2013): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2013-101902.
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Wahlbeck, Östen. "Entrepreneurship as Social Status: Turkish Immigrants’ Experiences of Self-Employment in Finland." Migration Letters 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v5i1.58.
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The article discusses the experiences of self-employment among immigrants from Turkey living in Finland. The immigrants are mainly active in the restaurant and fast food sector in Finland, primarily in small kebap and pizza businesses. The article argues that both economic and social aspects explain the experiences of self-employment. Despite economic hardship, the freedom and social status connected to entrepreneurship is highly valued. Self-employment provides a positive self-understanding and a good social status, which the immigrants from Turkey find it difficult to achieve by any other means in Finnish society
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Magnarella, Paul J. "Social, Cultural and Economic Aspects of Yürük and Türkmen Life in North-western Turkey." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 11, no. 2 (December 2011): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976343020110204.
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Rif'ah, Erwin Nur. "Opening the Door: How the Regional Autonomy Has Made the Implementation of Perda Sharia Possible?" International Journal of Nusantara Islam 2, no. 1 (June 9, 2014): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v2i1.45.
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Sharia-influenced regional regulations (perda sharia) are regulations or laws that are created by district governments and use Islamic moral teachings as a reference point. This article based on a qualitative research in two districts: Cianjur, West Java and Bulukumba South Sulawesi. In general, perda sharia seeks to manage three aspects of public life: firstly, to eradicate moral and social problems such as prostitution, drinking alcohol and gambling; secondly, to enforce ritual observances among Muslims such as reading the Qur’an, attendance at Friday prayers and fasting during Ramadan, and thirdly, to govern the way people dress in the public sphere, especially in relation to head-veiling for the women.
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Adaman, Fikret, and Oya Pınar Ardıç. "Social Exclusion in the Slum Areas of Large Cities in Turkey." New Perspectives on Turkey 38 (2008): 29–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089663460000491x.
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AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyze the results of a survey conducted in the slum areas of six metropolitan cities in Turkey— Adana, Ankara, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, İstanbul and İzmir—in order to unveil the multifaceted aspects of social exclusion processes as experienced by their inhabitants. The evidence documented in this study suggests that a significant number of people living in these areas are distanced from jobs, income, education, and training opportunities, with little access to power and decision-making bodies; this inevitably pushes them to the edge of society. Individuals with a relatively better socio-economic standing tend to be excluded to a lesser extent, while they themselves have intolerant attitudes towards others.
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Греченко, В. А., and О. М. Гончарук. "Crime in Kharkiv and Its Counteraction in 1880." Law and Safety 80, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2021.1.12.
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There was a significant crime growth in the Russian Empire In 1880s in general and in particular on Ukrainian territory that was part of the Empire at that time. It was influenced by a set of reasons of political, social, organizational, economic and psychological nature, including the disintegration of the peasant community, the proletarianization of the peasants and their influx into the cities. The authors of this topic have considered two aspects of the problem: the history of crime prevention in the late XIX century, whose experience always remains relevant, and the history of Kharkiv of the same period, which is also interesting from a scientific point of view. The topic is insufficiently researched; the authors did not find publications where it would be specially researched. The researchers set out to reveal the main aspects of crime in Kharkiv in 1880s and some measures to combat it. This purpose is specified in the following tasks: to identify the main general factors in the crime growth in the country during this period; to consider some aspects of crime in Kharkiv that have not been studied so far: a) abuse at customs; b) the fight against alcoholism; c) combating prostitution. The authors for the first time in the historical and legal literature have studied the main aspects of crime in Kharkiv in 1880s, have highlighted the prehistory and the course of the resonant Kharkiv trial of 1885 on abuses at customs. The main directions of the fight against alcoholism have been revealed. The state of counteraction to prostitution in the city has been studied. The issue of the main reasons for the rapid growth of crime during that period has been supplemented. The authors have used the historical principle of research while writing of the article; processes, events and facts were studied in chronological order taking into account the socio-political situation of that time. The principle of objectivity, which the authors tried to adhere to, meant relying on the facts in their true meaning. Each historical and social phenomenon has been considered in its diversity and contradiction, in the aggregate of both positive and negative manifestations. The Kharkiv trial of 1885 demonstrated the shortcomings of the Judicial Reform of 1864, the activities of lawyers and the jury. Counteracting alcoholism and prostitution in the city was formal and ineffective. The operation of whorehouses was regulated by the state, which understood its task only in combating the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and combating mischief in the locations of whorehouses. The materials of the article can be used while teaching the disciplines “History of State and Law of Ukraine”, “History and Culture of Ukraine”, special course “History of Law Enforcement Agencies of Ukraine”, for writing monographs on the history of law enforcement agencies, the history of Kharkiv.
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Celebi, Merve, and Deniz Hasirci. "Childhood homes of interior architects in Turkey." Global Journal of Arts Education 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjae.v10i1.5331.
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The design of home interiors is important for an individual, especially in childhood, when one’s character and psychological development is in progress. In this study, the aim is to explore the social and physical aspects of childhood homes of interior architects and their effects on their professional lives, and to understand the possible reflections of these special places on their current designs. Within this framework, the study was conducted with eight internationally recognised Turkish interior architects, with online interviews and sketchbooks, depending on the memories of the participants’ childhood homes, and data were obtained regarding the interpretation of these special places, as well as their influence on their current design approaches and productions. Findings included understanding which aspects of the participants’ homes were conveyed to their current productions in terms of preferences, approach and style. The results have implications on the interior architecture profession as well as interior architecture education.
Keywords: Childhood home environment, Turkish interior architects.
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McDougall, Rosalind J. "Intrinsic versus contingent claims about the harmfulness of prostitution." Journal of Medical Ethics 40, no. 2 (September 1, 2012): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2012-100833.
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Moen, Ole Martin. "Prostitution and harm: a reply to Anderson and McDougall." Journal of Medical Ethics 40, no. 2 (May 22, 2013): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2013-101389.
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Kurnialoh, Nasri, and Muhammad Miftah. "Reasoning changes of commercial sex workers in Mount Kemukus area from hedonistic to religious reasoning through moral education." ATTARBIYAH: Journal of Islamic Culture and Education 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/attarbiyah.v4i2.167-183.
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The main problem of this research is the sociological aspects of commercial sex workers (CSW) in Mount Kemukus. This study will focus on sociological forms and patterns in Mount Kemukus community from the aspect of family, social, and work environment, as well as religious activities among CSW in Mount Kemukus. This study also examines the mindset of CSW who are more inclined towards hedonistic life. As a result of this mindset, they are willing to plunge themselves into the practice of prostitution wrapped in pesugihan rituals. The forms and patterns of social interaction of CSW carried out in the sociological environment have experienced various problems, both those that are associative and those that are dissociative with the conditions in society. As for the aspects of religious activities of CSW who adhere to Islam, it shows that most of them no longer carry out the commands of Islamic teachings. One thing they know, namely the hedonist lifestyle with the fastest way to get money to meet the needs of themselves and their families, namely by working as a prostitute in the Kemukus Mountain environment.
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Bekmen, Ahmet, Ferit Serkan Öngel, and Vedi R. Hadiz. "Contesting Working-Class Politics in Turkey: Social Transformations, Islam, and the Left." Critical Sociology 46, no. 7-8 (June 24, 2020): 1025–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920520934171.
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This article examines transition in Kocaeli, an industrial city in the north-western part of Turkey, away from left-wing politics and trade unionism in the early 1970s, and toward Islamic politics from the mid-1990s onwards. It does do by investigating the ideological, political, and social transformation of the working class. Based on fieldwork involving in-depth, semistructured interviews conducted with current and former workers and trade union leaders, the article analyzes the various aspects of, and limits to, the hegemonic relationships between workers and left-wing politics on the one hand, and with Islamic politics, on the other.
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Chochiev, Georgi. "On the History of the North Caucasian Diaspora in Turkey." Iran and the Caucasus 11, no. 2 (2007): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338407x265450.
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AbstractThe preservation of the ethno-linguistic and cultural identity of the majority of the North Caucasian ethnic groups for almost one and a half centuries following their migration to Turkey and other Near Eastern countries is a unique ethno-social phenomenon. The paper discusses several aspects of the history, socio-political life, and the ethnic development of the North Caucasian migrants in the Ottoman Empire (resp. the Republic of Turkey). The author takes into account the following factors in discussing the problem: the state regimes and the legal status of the ethnic minorities in Turkey; the ethnic characteristics and the level of social, economic, and cultural development of the local population; the intensity of the contacts with the historical homeland; and the character of interrelations between the country of habitation (Turkey) and Russia/USSR.
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Bahar, Muchlis. "KONSTRUKSI METODOLOGIS DAN DIMENSI AKSIOLOGIS FIQH SOSIAL KH. SAHAL MAHFUDH DALAM KONDISI SOSIAL KONTEMPORER." AKSELERASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/jin.v2i1.534.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the methodological construction and axiological dimensions of KH Sahal Mahfudh's social fiqh in contemporary social conditions. This research uses qualitative research with theological and sociological approaches. The data used in this research is secondary data. Collecting data using library research method. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the social fiqh construction of KH Sahal Mahfudh consists of six main aspects, namely the Contextuality of Fiqh Texts, Switching from the Qauli School (Textual Paradigm) to the Manhaji School (Methodological Paradigm), Verification of Usul and Furu', Fiqh as Social Ethics, Application of Philosophical Thought in Socio-Cultural Context and Ijtihad Jama'i. In analyzing the axiological aspects of the construction, there are several things, namely the concept of ijtihad jama'i which is applied in collaboration between the BPJPH, the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Indonesian Ulema Council in assisting the halal certification of SMEs in the field of product exports, in matters of prostitution adhering to the akhafudz al-dhararain rule, KH Sahal Mahfudh built and mobilized the surrounding community to build self-help groups, hospitals and banks to help improve the collective economy, and the idea of contestual education.
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Rahayu, Titik. "PERTAUBATAN WANITA PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL (PSK) DI MAJELIS ASY-SYIFA (STUDI BIMBINGAN SOSIO-SPIRITUAL)." al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/balagh.v3i1.1091.
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Commercial sex workers often get rejection, discrimination and negative stigmatization from the community. Even so, there are still many women in Indonesia who work as commercial sex workers. Among them are some commercial sex workers who want to repent and get out of prostitution. This article focuses on describing the efforts of commercial sex workers so that they have the awareness and determination to repent. The use of descriptive qualitative methods on the subject of research originating from former commercial sex workers and guidance counselors suggests that the guidance model implemented in the Asy-Syifa Assembly by combining social and spiritual aspects is capable of motivating commercial sex workers to repent. Implementation of socio-spiritual guidance is manifested through the provision of knowledge, attitude and social interaction, as well as support in the form of advice and motivation.
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Boyraz, Cemil, and Ömer Turan. "From system integration to social integration." Philosophy & Social Criticism 42, no. 4-5 (January 8, 2016): 406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453715623832.
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The modern republican history of Turkey and its relation with the question of ethnic diversity could be understood via the tension between the processes of system integration and social integration. This article, based on Jürgen Habermas’ conceptual framework, draws the sources of such tension with reference to the Kurdish identity in Turkey since the early republican era. For this purpose, from the 1920s to the 2000s, policies and discourses of system integration aiming at a certain degree of ethnic homogenization to eliminate ‘possible threats’ to territorial integrity and national unity are discussed in detail. While system integration processes reflect an exclusionary and assimilative-securitist logic of state practices regarding the Kurdish question, this article argues that the Kurdish challenge to republicanism and to its system integration logic promises more for the dynamics of social integration. Especially since the 1990s, while processes of system integration are still in force; national, regional and diasporic achievements of Kurdish politics and its call for a democratic transformation of the republic based on decentralist, participatory and multiculturalist values have become much more visible. This new focus on democratic transformation demands more for social integration through internalization of roles as well as through promotion of an active communication between citizens by raising the claims of active participation to social and political spheres as well as by making identity visible in different aspects of socio-cultural life. Degree of social integration and its success vis-à-vis system integration will be decisive in the democratic transformation of Turkey in the future.
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Westin, Anna. "The harms of prostitution: critiquing Moen's argument of no-harm." Journal of Medical Ethics 40, no. 2 (June 12, 2013): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2012-101082.
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Rana, Usha. "Cultural Hegemony and Victimisation of Bedia Women in Central India." Space and Culture, India 8, no. 2 (August 5, 2020): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.vi0.798.
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Italian philosopher Antonio Gramsci first coined the term “hegemony” and also elaborated on cultural hegemony. It is a common perception that cultural powers and organisations are hegemonic-centred, resulting in a network of invisible powers. Hegemonic power processes are an integral part of daily social and cultural practices that help to perpetuate power relations. The repercussions of hegemony can be seen in various aspects of society, such as caste, class, ethnicity, occupation, gender, tradition, etc. This paper enlightens on the gendered hegemonic cultural practice of prostitution (sex work) as a traditional institution in the Bedia community. The intensive fieldwork in Habla hamlet, a sub-village of Luhari village (village assembly) of the Bedia community in Sagar district in Madhya Pradesh, India, was conducted to reveal the hegemonic practices in the community. Forty people aged between 50 to 60 years have been interviewed for this study. Twenty females and twenty males were selected for data collection, and observations had been made in the hamlet to understand hegemony through social institutions.
Moreover, we have found that the male members are alert to the preservation of the purity and chastity of their wives but compelled their sisters and daughters, with the support of social institutions, to remain unmarried and take up prostitution (sex work). In particular, Bedias' hegemonic traditional cultural behaviour plays an essential role in the continuation of discrimination against Bedia women. Additionally, we explore the mechanism of this hegemonic power through the role of gender, patriarchy, false consciousness, emotions, power of common sense, ideology, and history, which have been responsible for the victimisation of Bedia women for a long time.
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Pyvovarova, Nadiya. "Religion and religiosity in the system of values and life priorities of Ukrainians." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 74-75 (September 8, 2015): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2015.74-75.570.
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This article analyzes some aspects of the modern Ukrainian values, including religion and religiosity in the system of values and priorities in life. It describes the relationship between religious self-identification and some of their values and philosophical positions. It is concluded that the primary value in contemporary Ukrainian society, regardless of religious self-identify, is a family. Having faith (according to self-identification as a believer) is a kind of internal moral and ethical code. According to empirical indicators of people who consider themselves believers, they are more responsible towards institute of family. Individuals with certain religious beliefs, compared to non-believers are more negative towards social issues such as bribery, using office, prostitution, homosexuality, drug addiction and have higher moral expectation for their own behavior.
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Yildiz, Gaye Burcu. "The general aspects of collective labour rights for workers in Turkey." Russian Journal of Labour & Law 13 (2023): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu32.2023.121.
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After Turkey's political system was transformed to a multi-party democracy, legally interpreted collective labour rights were introduced to the system by legal instruments. The first Trade Unions Act was enacted in 1947. Depending on the articles related to collective labour rights, stated in 1961 Constitution, the Turkish National Assembly passed two particular legislation in 1963, numbered 274 and 275. These codes governed labour unions and collective bargaining, as well as grievance procedures such as strikes and lockouts. The 1982 Turkish Constitution established collective bargaining and strike action as fundamental rights as well as the prior Constitution. For nearly three decades, collective labour rights have regulated by two different legislation, numbered 2821 and 2822. In 2012, new legislation was proposed to regulate collective labour relations and meet the necessities of the social parties. The Law of Trade Unions and Collective Labour Agreements (law numbered 6356) is the current principal legislative tool for dealing with trade unions and collective labour agreements, as well as strike and lock-out. In Turkish system, the formation of trade unions and employers' associations is based on a voluntary and free basis and requires no previous approval from administrative bodies. Employers' organizations and trade unions both have legal personality. A double threshold approach for trade unions to conduct collective bargaining has been criticized by the ILO on several occasions. Strikes are infrequently utilized as an industrial action, despite the fact that they are protected by the Constitution and the Law numbered 6356.
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Soley-Beltran, Patrícia. "Transsexualism in Spain: A Cultural and Legal Perspective." Sociological Research Online 12, no. 1 (January 2007): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1474.
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In this paper I will present an overview of the current legal, social and political situation of transsexual and transgendered people in Spain. The study is based on qualitative data gathered from in-depth interviews with transsexual people, transgendered activists and legal experts in Spain, including some aspects of a cross-cultural comparison between Spain and the UK. The empirical study accounts for the development of social policies related to sex-reassignment and their evolution in the last decade in Spain, as well as for transsexual associations and activism, issues of social exclusion and prostitution. The study on transsexuals consists of qualitative interviews with selected individuals of the transsexual community in Scotland and Catalonia about their life experiences. The analysis of the qualitative data explores the cultural assumptions underlying the legal aspects of sex-reassignment. Amongst other issues, the paper will deal with Spanish juridical procedures for documental reorientation and its potential role as incentive for undergoing sex-reassignment operation, and the performative character of transsexualism as a scientific category and folk gender myths in the shaping of gender. The cross-cultural comparison concerns scientific terminology and funding, as well as cultural and legal aspects of sex-reassignment. The study reveals the performative character of scientific categories, the mobilisation of conflicting discourses in the negotiation of meaning, the circularity and self-referentiality of the terms used both in expert and folk discourse. Moreover, the cross-cultural comparison demonstrates the conventionality of transsexualism as a scientific category and some of the ways in which social institutions act to perpetuate the erasure of gender fluidity.
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Büken, Nüket Örnek, and Erhan Büken. "Emerging Health Sector Problems Affecting Patient Rights in Turkey." Nursing Ethics 11, no. 6 (November 2004): 610–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733004ne742oa.
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It is accepted throughout the world today that a new approach is needed to health care, one that brings to the forefront the role of economic development. This situation has also increased the importance of the health care sector and health data have begun to take a significant place in countries’ development indicators. Health care services as a basic indicator of social and economic development in Turkey, as in the rest of the world, continue to gain in importance. However, there is a significant difference between health indicators for Turkey, which is a candidate for full membership of the European Union, and European Union countries.