Journal articles on the topic 'Prostitutes Victoria Social conditions'
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Barnard, Marina A. "Violence and vulnerability: conditions of work for streetworking prostitutes." Sociology of Health and Illness 15, no. 5 (November 1993): 683–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep11434434.
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Lalor, Kevin J. "The victimization of juvenile prostitutes in Ethiopia." International Social Work 43, no. 2 (April 2000): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087280004300208.
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This article quantifies the victimization experienced by 30 juvenile prostitutes in Addis Ababa. Of these, 73 percent had been raped at least once and 93 percent had been beaten in the course of their work. Only 50 percent used contraception, resulting in a pregnancy rate of 37 percent. Findings indicate that prostitution is a lifestyle highly conducive to victimization, fostered by conditions of extreme deprivation. Policy and practice implications are discussed.
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Pietrzak, Wit. "Zmagania z boginią. Prosto z piekła Alana Moore’a i Eddiego Campbella." Literatura i Kultura Popularna 25 (July 28, 2020): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.25.22.
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Alan Moore and Eddie Campbell’s From Hell tells a version of the story of Jack the Ripper, here identified as William Gull, royal physician to Queen Victoria. Gull is depicted as believing that only by killing prostitutes in a gory ritualistic manner, will he be able to save Whitechapel as well as all of London from a collapse into degeneration, both social and intellectual, which is to be suffered at the hands of the broadly defined female element. In the present article From Hell is shown to be a story of an attempt at constraining and repressing the feminine, which for Gull is responsible for the progressing decrepitude. It is here argued that the desire to stifle the female represents an attempt to root out the creative impulse in favour of tyranny of reason, which Gull derives from a conserv-ative world view that regards tradition as a collection of beliefs impervious to change or challenge.
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Hauptmann, G. "Psychiatric Comorbidity and PTSD in Addicted Prostitutes." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70479-1.
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In the city of Rotterdam prostitution used to take place not only in sexclubs but also in and around a designated prostitution street-zone in the harbor area outside the city center. The group of sexworkers at this street-zone consisted primarily of severely addicted women. For a long period of time the harm reduction approach had been the major intervention for this socially marginalized group of women. From January 2003 to December 2004 184 of them could be interviewed and diagnosed according to DSM IV. Nearly all of them were addicted to heroin and cocaine and most of them also were dependent on alcohol and benzodiazepines. Psychiatric comorbidity was almost 100 %. Co-morbid conditions existed of cluster B and C personality disorders, psychotic disorders (26 %), affective disorders (31 %), acute PTSD (9 %) and adult-ADHD (8%). In 2006 the government had closed the prostitution street-zone and many of the women could be placed in therapeutic and protected homes. Now, 2 years later, we reinvestigate these women with respect to their actual social situation, their quality of life, psychiatric comorbidity and persisting (acute and chronic) PTSD. During the interviews we use the WHO Quality of life questionnaire and the KIP (clinical interview for PTSD). It is an ongoing study and the (preliminary) results will be presented during the symposium.
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LEGG, STEPHEN. "Stimulation, Segregation and Scandal: Geographies of Prostitution Regulation in British India, between Registration (1888) and Suppression (1923)." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 6 (March 21, 2012): 1459–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000503.
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AbstractThis paper explores the regulation of prostitution in colonial India between the abolition of the Indian Contagious Diseases Act in 1888 and the passing of the first Suppression of Immoral Traffic Act in 1923. It challenges the commonly held assumption that prostitutes naturally segregated themselves in Indian cities, and shows that this was a policy advocated by the Government of India. The object was to prevent the military visiting these segregated areas, in the absence of effective Cantonment Regulations for registering, inspecting, and treating prostitutes. The central government stimulated provincial segregation through expressing its desires via demi-official memoranda and confidential correspondence, to which Rangoon and Bombay responded most willingly. The second half of the paper explores the conditions, in both India and Ceylon, that made these segregated areas into scandalous sites in the early twentieth century. It situates the brothel amongst changing beliefs that they: increased rather than decreased incidents of homosexuality; stimulated trafficking in women and children; and encouraged the spread of scandalous white prostitutes ‘up-country’, beyond their tolerated location in coastal cosmopolitan ports. Taken alongside demands that the state support social reform in the early twentieth century, segregation provided the tipping point for the shift towards suppression from 1917 onwards. It also illustrates the scalar shifts in which central-local relations, and relations between provinces, in government were being negotiated in advance of the dyarchy system formalized in 1919.
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Zurndorfer, Harriet T. "Prostitutes and Courtesans in the Confucian Moral Universe of Late Ming China (1550–1644)." International Review of Social History 56, S19 (August 26, 2011): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859011000411.
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SummaryThis study pursues three goals: to unravel the socio-economic conditions which pushed women into prostitution and courtesanship, to analyse their position in Chinese society, and to relate what changes occurred at the end of the Ming dynasty that affected their status. According to contemporary judicial regulations, both prostitutes and courtesans were classified as “entertainers”, and therefore had the status of jianmin [mean people], which made them “outcasts” and pariahs. But there were great differences, beyond the bestowal of sexual favours, in the kind of work these women performed. That courtesans operated at the elite level of society, and that they were often indistinguishable from women born into the upper or gentry class, is indicative of this era's blurry social strata, which has prompted scholars and writers to elevate the place of the educated courtesan in Ming society.
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Pereira, Annelyse, Maria Benedicta Monteiro, and Leoncio Camino. "Social Norms and Prejudice against Homosexuals." Spanish journal of psychology 12, no. 2 (November 2009): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600001943.
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Different studies regarding the role of norms on the expression of prejudice have shown that the anti-prejudice norm influences people to inhibit prejudice expressions. However, if norm pressure has led to a substantial decrease in the public expression of prejudice against certain targets (e.g., blacks, women, blind people), little theoretical and empirical attention has been paid to the role of this general norm regarding sexual minorities (e.g., prostitutes, lesbians and gays). In this sense, the issue we want to address is whether general anti-prejudice norms can reduce the expression of prejudice against homosexual individuals. In this research we investigate the effect of activating an anti-prejudice norm against homosexuals on blatant and subtle expressions of prejudice. The anti-prejudice norm was experimentally manipulated and its effects were observed on rejection to intimacy (blatant prejudice) and on positive-negative emotions (subtle prejudice) regarding homosexuals. 136 university students were randomly allocated to activated-norm and control conditions and completed a questionnaire that included norm manipulation and the dependent variables. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) as well as subsequent ANOVAS showed that only in the high normative pressure condition participants expressed less rejection to intimacy and less negative emotions against homosexuals, when compared to the simple norm-activation and the control conditions. Positive emotions, however, were similar both in the high normative pressure and the control conditions. We concluded that a high anti-prejudice pressure regarding homosexuals could reduce blatant prejudice but not subtle prejudice, considering that the expression of negative emotions decreased while the expression of positive emotions remained stable.
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Mohd Kashim, Mohd Izhar Ariff, Nurul Ilyana Mud Adnan, Hafizuddin Muhd Adnan, and Nurul Izwah Muhd Adnan. "Law Enforcement Principle in Islamic Ruling on Zakat Distribution to Transexuals, Prostitutes and Gigolos." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i6.794.
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Surah al-Taubah Verse 60 mention that there are eight eligible persons to receive Zakat. They are the poor and the needy, amil (those employed to collect zakah), muallaf (those bringing hearts together for Islam), al-riqab (those in captives or slaves), al-gharimin (those in debt), fi sabilillah (those in the cause [way] of Allah) and ibn sabil (the [stranded] traveller). Al-riqab is the fifth from eight eligible persons to receive Zakat. Currently, the provision of zakat to the al-riqab (slave) is allocated into other asnaf as the slave is not existed in Malaysia. However, there are several states such as Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Terengganu and Melaka have broadened the definition of al-riqab to individuals who wish to come out of the shackles of ignorance and social problems. The individuals are transsexuals, prostitutes and gigolos. However, some of other states rejected the fatwa of these states. This article is aimed to identifying the nature of the transsexuals, prostitutes and gigolos who are included in the al-riqab group. It is also intended to analyze the principles in law enforcement of this group (transsexuals, prostitutes and gigolos) which is categorized as al-riqab. This research uses the document analysis method such as Tafsir books, fiqh of four Sects and journals. Data is analyzed through thematic content analysis. The result shows the transsexuals, prostitutes and gigolos qualified to be considered to receive zakat aid under al-riqab. However, it must be based on the criteria and conditions stipulated by the country. The fatwa is designed to ensure that they are able to get out of the crisis and continue to live in a better life. In addition, it is also intended to ensure the asnaf of zakat in the al-Quran testimonial remains relevant at all times. Therefore, the zakat management in Malaysia should undertake the provision of al-riqab systematically and well organized to avoid any conflicts with Islamic principles. This will be uphold the dignity of the zakat institutions and Islam as a religion of Rahmatan lil Alamin.
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Mason, Robb, and Shirley Randell. "Education and change in rural areas in the 1990s: Chicken Little was not wrong." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 2, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v2i1.266.
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The economic and social conditions of rural Victoria are changing. The concepts and practices that have supported the work of the Country Education Project (CEP) in rural Victoria have to change accordingly. The paper looks at the changes impacting upon rural Australia and examines in particular the subject of disadvantage. Disadvantage is a concept that in practice is drawn from a period of stability and relative affluence. Present circumstances may well require a different interpretation, one more in accord with lifelong educational principles. The policy development of the CEP is then analysed and challenges and issues for that organisation outlined.
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Thacore, Vinod Rai, and Shashjit Lal Varma. "A Study of Suicides in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia." Crisis 21, no. 1 (January 2000): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.21.1.26.
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Objective:To study suicides occurring in Ballarat with regard to incidence, demographic variables, possible causal factors, and association with psychiatric disorders over a period of 5 years. Method:A detailed review of the coroner's record of every suicide occurring during 1992-1996 was undertaken. Information was obtained on socio-demographic variables, method and circumstances of suicide, and associated psychiatric disorders in each case and subjected to psychological autopsy. Results:75 suicides were recorded. The male to female ratio was 4:1 and average age was 43 years. 60% had associated psychiatric illnesses, mainly affective disorders. Carbon monoxide self-poisoning accounted for 40%, firearms for 30%, and hanging, overdose, asphyxia and other methods for the remaining 30%. It was statistically significant that the younger age group preferred firearms to other methods, and that their suicides were precipitated by interpersonal conflicts. Social and personal difficulties were associated in 33%, and triggering factors were present in 40%. Previous suicide attempts were present in 28%, while 32% had manifest behavior changes preceding suicides or verbalized their intent to suicide. Conclusions:Suicide rates in Ballarat were higher than the average overall Victorian and Australian rates. After a consistent decline over 4 years an increase occurred in 1996. The preferred method of suicide was carbon monoxide, although the young preferred firearms. Demographic and other psychosocial factors were similar to the rest of Australia. Unemployment was not a significant factor. Psychiatric conditions, personal and social problems figured prominently as factors of etiological significance in suicide subjects.
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Kohar, Muhamad Abdul, and Imam Mujahid. "BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DENGAN PENDEKATAN RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY UNTUK PENERIMA MANFAAT." al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/balagh.v2i1.616.
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This article describes the concept of guidance and counseling rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) Islamic to increase the resilience of prostitutes. REBT is an approach that directive, the approach to reeducation counselees to understand the cognitive input that causes emotional disturbance, trying to change the thought patterns counselee to let the irrational thoughts or study anticipates the benefits or consequences of behavior. Resilience is the ability of individuals to adapt, so as to put themselves well against an unpleasant experience. Islamic REBT approach focuses on thinking (aqliyah) rational individual to the nature of the individual who escorted counselees aware that he is a servant and vicegerent of Allah in order to survive counselees his life in this world and hereafter. Islamic REBT counseling techniques are affective, cognitive, and behavioral adapted to the conditions of the counselee. Such techniques include: Assertive adaptive, Reinforcement, Social and Assertive modeling exercise.
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Evtekhov, R. A., and T. V. Palikova. "Prostitution as a Tool for Solving Social Problems of Eastern Siberia and the East of the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 39 (2022): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2022.39.28.
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The article examines the problem of organizing prostitution and the specific historical plot of the attempt of the Siberian bureaucracy to solve the social problems of the region by means of buying corrupt women. Prostitution, one of the phenomena of everyday life of society since ancient times, in this context is considered as a way of realizing the natural needs of not only an intimate, but also socio-economic nature. The purpose of the work is to disclose the conditions and nature of the organization of prostitution in the eastern outskirts of the Russian empire and attempts to use it as a tool to solve social problems. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicity, objectivity, as well as on micro-historical and problem-chronological research methods. The main source of research was archival materials not previ-ously published contained in regional and federal archives, which are correspondence between the highest Siberian officials. The paper presents a brief historiography of the problem, contain-ing the main conceptual directions in the study of issues of the intimate life of society in the 19th century. The state played the main role in the regulation of prostitution in the Russian Empire, and the police authorities, which controlled the organization and organization of brothels, and the medical examination of prostitutes and their movement, played the oversight. The article provides some data on practicing prostitutes of foreign origin. This aspect is quite interesting, as it was used to solve certain geopolitical problems both by the authorities of the Russian Empire and by states competing with it. The paper also considers some typical plots characterizing the existence of prostitution on the territory of the CER, which is currently poorly studied. In con-clusion, it is concluded that the issue of loneliness and extreme insufficiency of women in East-ern Siberia and even more in the Far East forced the Russian administration to find extremely original ways to solve it. At the same time, the threat of geopolitical strengthening of a strong and energetic neighbor – China, to the regions of the empire, became a decisive and obviously most important argument against it.
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Johnston, Madeleine. "The Role and Regulation of Child Factory Labour During the Industrial Revolution in Australia, 1873–1885." International Review of Social History 65, no. 3 (May 21, 2020): 433–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859020000322.
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AbstractThis study investigates child factory labour in Victoria, the most populous and industrialized colony in Australia in the second half of the nineteenth century. Three sources of primary data are analysed: Royal Commission reports, texts of bills and statutes, and parliamentary and public debates. The findings inform current academic debates by enhancing understanding of the role played by child workers during industrialization. They show that children were low-cost substitutes for adult males and that child labour was central to ongoing industrialization. A wide range of industries and jobs is identified in which children were employed in harsh conditions, in some instances in greater proportions than adults. Following the reports of the Royal Commission, the parliament of Victoria recognized a child labour problem serious enough to warrant regulation. While noting that circumstances were not as severe as in Britain, it passed legislation in 1885 with provisions that offered more protection to children than those in the British factory act of 1878. The legislation also offered more protection than factory laws in other industrializing colonies and countries. The findings throw light on the character of colonial liberal reformers in a wealthy colony who sought to create a better life for white settlers by adopting policies of state intervention.
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Haruna-Banke, Laura, and Iorwuese Gogo. "A Realist Interpretation of Chika Unigwe's On Black Sisters' Street." Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature 3, no. 1 (November 15, 2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jcsll.v3i1.124.
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This paper is a realist interpretation of Chika Unigwe’s On Black Sisters’ Street. The text is considered for study here because it dwells on the popular, the modern and social issues that define realist works. The paper involves realism of subject-matter and social realism as its theoretical tools for the evaluation of the research subject. Realism of subject-matter deals with themes that are common to society while social realism looks at the poor social conditions of the middle and lower classes. The paper is a qualitative research and it is based on a content analysis of the select text for study. The paper probes the ugly life of four young girls in Nigeria who are trafficked into Antwerp, Belgium, to work as prostitutes and earn income for their traffickers. The girls suffer from sexual abuse and deceit from their parents and older men. They undergo hardship as a result of lack of proper parental care, unemployment, insecurity and poor social services which make them frustrated. All of these make their lives vulnerable. Therefore, the study concludes that, well placed individuals, parents, civil society organizations and the government should make efforts to improve and secure the lives of vulnerable young women in Nigeria in order to help them escape from their vulnerabilities. Also, the novel’s authentic representation of life and society and its focus on character more than plot, including its attention to the lower class, the social and the contemporary issues fits it into the realist agenda.
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Richards, Miriam H., and Laurence Packer. "Annual variation in survival and reproduction of the primitively eusocial sweat bee Halictus ligatus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-109.
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We studied a nesting aggregation of the primitively eusocial sweat bee Halictus ligatus near Victoria in southern Ontario during the summers of 1984, 1990, and 1991. Differences in local weather patterns from year to year had marked effects on bee demography and behaviour, belying previous conclusions about "typical" social organization in this aggregation. In 1990, comparatively cool, rainy weather resulted in high nest-failure and low brood-survival rates, while in 1984 and 1991, relatively dry, warm weather had the opposite effect. In 1984 and 1990, spring nest initiation was synchronous and the emergence periods of the first (worker) and second (reproductive) broods were temporally distinct. In 1991, exceedingly warm spring weather caused asynchrony in the timing of nest initiation, accelerated brood and colony development, and continuous brood production. In 1984 and 1990, a few males were produced in the first brood but most were produced in the second brood several weeks later. In 1991, continuous brood production meant that production of males represented the transition between production of workers and of gynes (second-brood females). Patterns of demographic and social variation exhibited by H. ligatus at Victoria parallel those observed on a continent-wide geographic scale. This suggests that primitively eusocial sweat bees maintain a variety of reproductive options, adjusting their social behaviour in response to local environmental conditions.
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Wilson, Gai, David Legge, Paul Butler, and Maria Wright. "Best Practice in Women's Health: Outcomes, Processes and Pre-conditions." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 3 (1998): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98037.
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The pre-conditions, processes, and outcomes associated with best practice in women's health at the primary health care level are discussed. The paper draws on a study which identified projects that exemplified best practice in relation to: collaboration with consumers and communities; the adoption of a social model of health; the collaboration between providers at different levels of the health system and government; and addressing immediate health needs in a way which recognises the underlying conditions which cause ill health. The methodology involved identifying 187 recently published and documented episodes of primary health care practice. Using ratings and reports from 90 experienced referees from around Australia, the 187 case studies were reduced to 25 which the referees agreed represented 'best practice'. A more detailed investigation of these 25 studies was undertaken to determine what structures contributed to the good processes and outcomes. Of these, eight were women's health projects, with six undertaken by women's health services in Victoria. The paper outlines the kinds of outcomes, processes and pre-conditions which are associated with best practice as illustrated by one of the Victorian women's health projects. The findings from this research project provided practical, informative and useful models of best practice which can be of assistance to women, health workers, policy makers and government.
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Torney, Colin J., Myles Lamont, Leon Debell, Ryan J. Angohiatok, Lisa-Marie Leclerc, and Andrew M. Berdahl. "Inferring the rules of social interaction in migrating caribou." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1746 (March 26, 2018): 20170385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0385.
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Social interactions are a significant factor that influence the decision-making of species ranging from humans to bacteria. In the context of animal migration, social interactions may lead to improved decision-making, greater ability to respond to environmental cues, and the cultural transmission of optimal routes. Despite their significance, the precise nature of social interactions in migrating species remains largely unknown. Here we deploy unmanned aerial systems to collect aerial footage of caribou as they undertake their migration from Victoria Island to mainland Canada. Through a Bayesian analysis of trajectories we reveal the fine-scale interaction rules of migrating caribou and show they are attracted to one another and copy directional choices of neighbours, but do not interact through clearly defined metric or topological interaction ranges. By explicitly considering the role of social information on movement decisions we construct a map of near neighbour influence that quantifies the nature of information flow in these herds. These results will inform more realistic, mechanism-based models of migration in caribou and other social ungulates, leading to better predictions of spatial use patterns and responses to changing environmental conditions. Moreover, we anticipate that the protocol we developed here will be broadly applicable to study social behaviour in a wide range of migratory and non-migratory taxa. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Collective movement ecology’.
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Butler, Danielle C., Linc Thurecht, Laurie Brown, and Paul Konings. "Social exclusion, deprivation and child health: a spatial analysis of ambulatory care sensitive conditions in children aged 0–4 years in Victoria, Australia." Social Science & Medicine 94 (October 2013): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.029.
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Tracy, Jane M. "People with an intellectual disability in the discourse of chronic and complex conditions: an invisible group?" Australian Health Review 33, no. 3 (2009): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090478.
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TO THE EDITOR: Goddard et al, authors of ?People with an intellectual disability in the discourse of chronic and complex conditions: an invisible group??1 are to be congratulated for raising discussion about one of the most vulnerable groups in Australia with respect to their receipt of optimal health care. The authors conclude that ?developing interventions and strategies to increase the knowledge of health care workers . . . caring for people with intellectual disabilities will likely improve the health care needs of this population and their families?. In relation to this identified need for health professional education and training in the care of people with intellectual disabilities, we would like to draw the attention of your readers to some work undertaken by the Centre for Developmental Disability Health Victoria (CDDHV) to address this issue. The CDDHV works to improve the health and health care of people with developmental disabilities through a range of educational, research and clinical activities. In recent years there has been an increasing awareness of the need for health professional education in this area. Moreover, as people with disabilities often have chronic and complex health and social issues, focusing on their health care provides a platform for interprofessional education and a springboard for understanding the essential importance and value of interprofessional practice. Recently, the CDDHV has taken a lead role in developing a teaching and learning resource that focuses both on the health care of people with disabilities and on the importance and value of interprofessional practice. This resource promotes and facilitates interprofessional learning, and develops understanding of the health and health care issues experienced by people with disabilities and those who support them. ?Health and disability: partnerships in action? is a new video-based teaching and learning package, produced through an interprofessional collaboration between health professionals from medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, paramedic practice, health science, social work, speech pathology, dietetics and dentistry. Those living with a disability are the experts on their own experience and so their direct involvement in and contribution to the education of health care professionals is essential. The collaboration between those featured in the video stories and health professionals has led to the development of a powerful resource that facilitates students and practitioners developing insights into the health and health care issues encountered by people with developmental disabilities. We also believe that through improving their understanding of, and health provision to, people with disabilities and those who support them, health professionals will acquire valuable attitudes, knowledge and skills applicable to many other patients in their practice population. Jane M Tracy Education Director Centre for Developmental Disability Health Victoria Melbourne, VIC
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Hulbert, Tammy. "Curating Inclusive Cities through Food and Art." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 2, no. 3 (August 4, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti2030044.
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Flavours of Glenroy (2013–4) was an action research project where artists imagined mobile edible gardens as a way to connect and engage with locals through project presentation and execution. As a socially engaged art project, it focused on developing ways to connect the mobile, diverse and transforming community of Glenroy, Victoria, Australia. The transnational, Australian dream suburb, reflecting the fluid and globalizing conditions of our cities, was emphasized through the strategy of growing and distributing plants using a mobile system that aligned with the mobility and diversity of the suburb. The project emphasized how social relations, encouraged through art, has the capacity to transform public spaces, providing a platform to introduce new voices and narratives of a community and encourage inclusive participation in sustainable citizenship.
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Kiernan, Frederic, and Jane W. Davidson. "How Can Music Engagement Address Loneliness? A Qualitative Study and Thematic Framework in the Context of Australia’s COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010025.
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Social isolation and loneliness are serious public health concerns. Music engagement can strengthen social connections and reduce loneliness in some contexts, although how this occurs is not well understood; research suggests that music’s capacity to manipulate perceptions of time and space is relevant. This study adopted a qualitative perspective to examine how music engagement shaped the experiences of residents of Victoria, Australia, during conditions of restricted social contact during the lockdowns of 2020. Semi-structured interviews explored participants’ lived musical experiences while giving focus to perceptions of time and space (e.g., how music helped restructure home and workspaces in response to lockdown regulations, or punctuate time where older routines were no longer viable). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the interview transcripts identified five themes representing the key findings: (1) a super-ordinate theme of perceived control, which comprises four themes: (2) dynamic connection; (3) identity; (4) mobility; (5) presence. Each theme describes one generalised aspect of the way music engagement shaped participants’ perceptions of time and space during lockdown and supported their processes of adaptation to and coping with increased social isolation. The authors argue that these findings may inform the way music can be used to address loneliness in everyday life.
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Salman, Farhan, Raktima Dasgupta, Kamal Eldeirawi, Sharmilee Nyenhuis, and Victoria Lee. "Social Determinants of Health and Comorbid Conditions Related to Presentation in the Healthcare Setting Among Patients with Sinonasal Conditions Farhan Salman, Raktima Dasgupta, Kamal M. Eldeirawi, Sharmilee M. Nyenhuis, Victoria S. Lee." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 149, no. 2 (February 2022): AB159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.530.
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Склярова, Е. К. "LIVERPOOL IN VICTORIAN DOMESTIC POLITICS." Британские исследования, no. VII(VII) (June 1, 2022): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.vii.vii.001.
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В статье рассматриваются особенности социального развития Ливерпуля в контексте его роли во внутренней политике Великобритании в эпоху королевы Виктории. Крупнейший город и порт Соединённого Королевства Великобритании и Ирландии одним из первых ощутил на себе все негативные последствия промышленного переворота, урбанизации и миграции населения. Как и многие другие города Великобритании, Ливерпуль фигурировал в прессе, медицинских, статистических и парламентских отчётах, как город подвалов, центр массовой миграции, трущоб, высокой смертности населения, отсутствия санитарно-технических норм и антисанитарии. Парламентские расследования и пресса указали на Ливерпуль, а также Вулверхемптон, Глазго, Дублин, Лидс, Лондон, Манчестер, Шеффилд, как города, где необходимо первоочередное проведение социальных реформ. В середине XIX в. в эпоху королевы Виктории Ливерпуль израсходовал значительные суммы денег на решение проблемы антисанитарии, уборки и мощения города, водоснабжения и освещения, жилищную реформу, организацию прачечных, общественных бань, библиотек, парков. Пионерами муниципализации и здравоохранения Ливерпуля стали — доктор Уильям Данкен, С. Хольм, Дж. Тинн. До введения общегосударственного Закона об обеспечении общественного здравоохранения 1848 г., Ливерпуль инициировал институт инспекции и санитарных врачей, жилищную реформу, систематическое вмешательство государства в решение социальных проблем. The article examines the features of Liverpool's social development in the context of its role in the domestic politics of Great Britain in the era of Queen Victoria. The largest city and port of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was one of the first to feel all the negative consequences of the industrial revolution, urbanization and population migration. Like many other cities in the UK, Liverpool appeared in the press, medical, statistical and parliamentary reports as a city of basements, a center of mass migration, slums, high mortality, lack of sanitary standards and unsanitary conditions. Parliamentary investigations and the press have pointed to Liverpool, as well as WolverHampton, Glasgow, Dublin, Leeds, London, Manchester, Sheffield, as cities where social reforms are needed as a priority. In the middle of the XIX century in the era of Queen Victoria, Liverpool spent significant amounts of money on solving the problem of unsanitary conditions, cleaning and paving the city, water supply and lighting, housing reform, the organization of laundries, public baths, libraries, and parks. The pioneers of municipalization and health care in Liverpool were Dr. William Duncan, S. Holm, J. Thinn. Prior to the introduction of the National Public Health Law of 1848, Liverpool initiated the Institute of inspection and sanitary doctors, housing reform, and systematic state intervention in solving social problems.
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Morrison, Tessa, and Mark Rubin. "DO UTOPIAN CITY DESIGNS FROM THE SOCIAL REFORM LITERATURE OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES RESONATE WITH A MODERN AUDIENCE?" Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, no. 1 (April 6, 2016): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1163244.
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Utopian cities from social reform literature from the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries were a serious attempt to improve living and working conditions of their time. Some of this literature included a design for a city that would be complimentary to and enhance the political philosophy of the respective authors. Four of the most famous works which include a plan of a city are, Tommaso Campanella’s Civitas Solis (City of the Sun) (1602), Johann Valentin Andreae’s Christianopolis (1619), Robert Owen’s Villages of Co-operation (1817 & 1830) and James Silk Buckingham’s Victoria (1849). These works are frequently featured in literature on utopian cities. However, no consideration is given to whether these ‘utopian’ cities have any value as urban plans or whether they incorporate any desirable urban features. These urban designs of the city are significant to political philosophies because the cities are presented as being integral to such philosophies. This paper considers the following questions: ‘Do the main principles behind the initial political philosophies and their coinciding plan endure within the design of these cities?’ ‘Does a modern audience perceive in these cities the features that made them utopian in the centuries in which they were planned?’
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Hopkins, Liza, Greg Wadley, Frank Vetere, Maria Fong, and Julie Green. "Utilising technology to connect the hospital and the classroom: Maintaining connections using tablet computers and a ‘Presence’ App." Australian Journal of Education 58, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 278–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004944114542660.
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Reduced school attendance is a recognised risk factor for poorer outcomes both educationally and across a wide range of social, economic and personal indicators throughout life. Children and young people with chronic health conditions often have poor or disrupted records of school attendance due to periods of hospitalisation and time spent recuperating at home. Keeping students with health conditions connected to school and learning is critical to avoid a trajectory of school absence, disengagement from schoolwork and peers, reduced achievement in education and early school leaving. This paper reports on a research project conducted in Victoria, Australia, to connect 7–12 year old hospitalised children with their school using a specially designed Presence App run on a mobile tablet computer. Nine hospitalised students, their families and schools participated in the trial. Results indicate that the Presence App helped to create and maintain a social presence for the absent child in the classroom and keep students at risk of disengagement connected to school. Our research also showed that while the ‘Presence’ App complemented existing information and communication technology such as videoconferencing and email by connecting hospitalised student and school, it had added advantages over these modes of communication such as creating an on-going classroom presence for the hospitalised child while respecting privacy and attempting to minimise disruption in the hospital and classroom settings.
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Pascawati, Nadia Putri. "Perspektif Perempuan Terhadap Prostitusi." SAPIENTIA ET VIRTUS 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37477/sev.v4i1.187.
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Women in the world of prostitution are unwittingly becoming things that are rife. The world of prostitution is divided into several social classes. Talking about prostitution must also talk about social class. The law guarantees a decent livelihood, and is equally in the eyes of the law for each of its citizens. As mandated by Article 27 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia concerning Human Rights. Besides that women are considered as weak creatures that can be traded is a perspective that we must all fight. Many history books say that being a woman means being a jewelry for men. Such thoughts weaken women's mentality. Though many laws in Indonesia protect women's rights. As a result, many women are desperate and choose a shortcut to survive by entering the world of prostitution. Positive law in Indonesia only regulates people who trade other people. While trafficked persons are not subject to any punishment. In fact, many people in the community that occur are trafficked people actively ask pimps to trade. The change in Law Number 21 of 2007 to impose sanctions on prostitutes is expected to be a form of strong warning to eradicate prostitution itself. It should be realized that in prostitution women not only act as victims but also as perpetrators. If there are no perpetrators, the act of prostitution will also not exist. So that not only pimps and service users are the legal targets while women who offer themselves are protected by law and are considered victims, while the fact is that these women do not qualify as victims who are under duress or threats of violence. In reality, prostitution exists and will continue to exist even though we make regulations to prohibit its existence, even prostitution has involved underage children whose rights should be protected by the surrounding adults. In such conditions, it is best for us to make regulations to regulate it. So, prostitution can still be done but the conditions of its implementation must be clearly defined in the law. In this scientific work using the method of library data collection techniques from primary and secondary data with descriptive data analysis.
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Coldwell, Ian. "New farming masculinities." Journal of Sociology 43, no. 1 (March 2007): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783307073936.
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Studies have suggested that traditional gender identity constructions of farmers tend to accompany conventional methods of farming and so are implicated in stalling the transition to sustainable agriculture. This article attempts to build on this work by exploring how young male farmers construct their masculine identities and how those identity constructions shape and are shaped by their farming practices and the social conditions in which those farming practices are carried out. Reflexivity is a significant part of this process. This exploratory study is based on focus group discussions conducted in one locality in Northern Victoria, among young male dairy farmers. Analysis of the findings supports the existence of a traditional-modern dualism in rural masculine identities. What is also evident is that more open and flexible masculine identities are emerging among young farmers, suggesting that existing tensions in agriculture situated at the nexus of alternative farming practices and traditional agrarian ideology might be a catalyst for change toward more equitable gender relations and sustainable ways of farming.
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Dredge, Dianne. "Tourism Reform, Policy and Development in Queensland, 1989–2011." Queensland Review 18, no. 2 (2011): 152–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/qr.18.2.152.
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Tourism has been a major driver of economic and social development in Queensland since the end of World War II. In 2011, tourism's direct contribution to the economy was estimated to be $7.8 billion, and it generated direct employment of an estimated 118,000 full-time equivalent jobs (Queensland Tourism 2011). The multiplier effects of tourism account for another $9.2 billion, making it the most important component of the state's service sector. These figures suggest that the approach adopted by the Labor government over the last two decades to manage and develop Queensland tourism has generally been positive. However, a closer examination of recent trends and criticisms reveals that visitor demand has flat-lined: the industry is struggling under the weight of global and local pressures, investment has slowed, and there are issues of stagnating demand, competitiveness, service quality, industry capacity and innovation. Moreover, Queensland is losing international market share compared with New South Wales and Victoria (Tourism Research Australia 2011). Given that governments have a key role to play in creating and maintaining policy conditions that contribute to both a healthy economy and social well-being, what have been the Queensland Labor government's contributions to tourism, and what are the key challenges into the future?
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Maltseva, Anna V., and Marina-Victoriia D. Grudkovskaia. "The dynamics of a small social group: sociometric analysis development of a temporary children’s team." Siberian Socium 4, no. 2 (2020): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2587-8484-2020-4-2-90-107.
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The article is devoted to a sociometric study of the stages of development of a temporary children’s collective. A comparison of their features in the modern children’s health camp and the Soviet pioneer camp is made. The analysis of stages of development among modern teenagers is based on empirical data collected by Marina-Victoria Grudkovskaya at the children’s health camp in the Leningrad region during the winter shift from 28 December 2018 to 10 January 2019. Data on the processes of collective development in the pioneer camp were obtained from the works of Soviet researchers. The purpose of the study: to determine the independent constants of the stages of social dynamics of temporary children’s groups and their variables determined by the historical period of development of society. In this study, a temporary children’s team is understood as a small social group of adolescent children formed by age and existing during the next shift of 12 to 14 days. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work was structuralism and the theory of sociometry by Jacob Moreno. The empirical object of research: adolescent groups of children, the age of teenagers 14-16 years. Method: the sociometric experiment. Data processing and visualization was performed in the SociometryPro environment. The scientific novelty consists in obtaining new relevant data on the social dynamics of temporary groups of modern teenagers. The development of a temporary children’s collective is also considered taking into account the socio-historical period that determines the socio-cultural and socio-economic conditions of personal development of adolescents. Conclusions are made about the features of functioning, the process of acceptance and evaluation of social roles and behavior. In particular, it is established that the temporary children’s collective goes through constant stages that are repeated in all generations of children, regardless of the historical period of development of society and changing socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions of growing up of new generations. According to the authors, in the future, in the process of studying the social dynamics of a temporary children’s collective, it is advisable to develop names and characteristics of stages of its development that are relevant for modern children, children’s subculture and the sociology of childhood.
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Tsoumas, Johannis, and Eleni Gemtou. "Marie Spartali-Stillman’s feminism against Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood gender stereotypes art." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 2 (May 7, 2021): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2021-2-48-60.
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In the middle of the 19th century Great Britain, Queen Victoria had been imposing her new ethical code system on social and cultural conditions, sharpening evidently the already abyssal differences of the gendered stereotypes. The Pre-Raphaelite painters reacted to the sterile way of painting dictated by the art academies, both in terms of thematology and technique, by suggesting a new, revolutionary way of painting, but were unable to escape their monolithic gender stereotypes culture. Using female models for their heroines who were often identified with the degraded position of the Victorian woman, they could not overcome their socially systemic views, despite their innovative art ideas and achievements. However, art, in several forms, executed mainly by women, played a particularly important role in projecting several types of feminism, in a desperate attempt to help the Victorian woman claim her rights both in domestic and public sphere. This article aims at exploring and commenting on the role of Marie Spartali-Stillman, one of the most charismatic Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood models and later famous painter herself, in the painting scene of the time. Through the research of her personal and professional relationship with the Pre-Raphaelites, and mainly through an in depth analysis of selected paintings, the authors try to shed light on the way in which M. Spartali-Stillman managed to introduce her subversive feminist views through her work, following in a way the feministic path of other female artists of her time. The ways and the conditions, under which the painter managed to project women as dominant, self-sufficient and empowered, opposing their predetermined social roles, have also been revised.
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Roussy, Véronique, Therese Riley, Charles Livingstone, and Grant Russell. "A system dynamic perspective of stop–start prevention interventions in Australia." Health Promotion International 35, no. 5 (September 24, 2019): 1015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz098.
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Abstract Time-limited prevention initiatives are frequently used to address complex and persisting public health issues, such as non-communicable diseases. This often creates issues in terms of achieving sustainable change. In this study, we use a system dynamic perspective to explore the effects of stop–start funding over system behaviour in two community-based initiatives designed to prevent chronic diseases and obesity. We conducted a qualitative exploratory study using complexity theory as an analytical lens of two Healthy Together Communities (HTCs) initiatives in Victoria, Australia. Data were generated from 20 semi-structured interviews with health promotion practitioners and managers, from community health and local government organizations. Template analysis based on properties of complex systems informed the inductive identification of system behaviour narratives across the stop–start life-course of HTCs. A central narrative of system behaviour emerged around relationships. Within it, we identified pre-existing contextual conditions and intervention design elements that influenced non-linearity of system self-organization and adaptation, and emergence of outcomes. Examples include cynicism, personal relationships and trust, and history of collaboration. Feedback loops operated between HTCs and these conditions, in a way that could influence long-term system behaviour. Taking a dynamic life-course view of system behaviour helps understand the pre-existing contextual factors, design and implementation influences, and feedback loops which shape the long-term legacy of short-lived interventions aimed at solving complex issues. In turn, greater awareness of such interactions can inform better design and implementation of community-based interventions.
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Perényi, Áron, Rowan E. Bedggood, Denny Meyer, Phillip Bedggood, Karen Farquharson, Clare Johansson, and Gina Milgate. "Exploring the Effectiveness of an Energy Efficiency Behaviour Change Project on Well-Being Outcomes for Indigenous Households in Australia." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 16, 2019): 2285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082285.
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The Koorie Energy Efficiency Project (KEEP) was a Victoria-based, Australian social marketing initiative designed to provide support to Indigenous households so they could better manage their energy bills by reducing or controlling their energy use. The program was delivered by trained, Indigenous project employees who visited Indigenous households in metropolitan and regional parts of the state. During the home visit, they provided an energy efficiency audit, as well as specific energy efficiency tips and advocacy support. Minor draft-proofing products were also supplied to each household. As part of this project, dwelling and householder information was gathered during each home visit, as well as measures of energy efficiency knowledge, behaviours, and well-being of the main householder before and after a home visit. The results indicate that home visits to support the energy efficiency of indigenous households are effective in terms of encouraging new energy efficiency knowledge, behaviours, and broader elements of well-being. Furthermore, the home visit was found to be effective across all home types, but was significantly more effective in reducing energy related stress and discomfort in traditional houses and traditional apartments. These households were also often small and densely occupied. This suggests that when social marketing programs use methods that are culturally suitable and respectful, such as those used in KEEP, they become a powerful tool to help drive social change in Indigenous communities. The authors conclude that such programs in future will be hindered in their effectiveness unless property owners, such as those of social housing, do not urgently address the maintenance of their properties and ensure they provide fit living conditions for the tenants.
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Thorns, D. C. "New Solutions to Old Problems: Housing Affordability and Access within Australia and New Zealand." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 20, no. 1 (January 1988): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a200071.
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During the 1970s and 1980s the Australian and New Zealand economies have been passing through a period of restructuring. This has had important impacts upon the housing sector, leading to rises in house and land prices, in interest rates, and therefore in the costs of house purchase. Under these conditions a new agenda of housing issues has appeared concerning the affordability of housing and the continued access of modest and lower income households to the dominant form of tenure, owner-occupation. The 1980s saw the election of Labour governments committed to action in the area of housing. However, somewhat paradoxically, both in Australia and in New Zealand the policies pursued have been those of deregulation to produce a more competitive financial market. To preserve access to housing, new mortgage schemes have been designed. Two such schemes, the Capital Loan Scheme of Victoria and New Zealand's Equity Share Scheme are evaluated in the paper to show the nature of the adopted policy-response. The article is concluded with the demonstration of the limitations of such policy-based solutions to what are macroeconomic problems which are produced by moving towards an economic and social policy shaped by market monetarism.
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Seiler, Natalie, Matthew Ng, Midya Dawud, Subhash Das, Shu-Haur Ooi, and Astrid Waterdrinker. "Demographic and clinical factors associated with psychiatric inpatient admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic." Australasian Psychiatry 30, no. 2 (December 6, 2021): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10398562211052903.
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Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic may cause a major mental health impact. We aimed to identify demographic or clinical factors associated with psychiatric admissions where COVID-19 was attributed to contribute to mental state, compared to admissions which did not. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken of inpatients admitted to Northern Psychiatric Unit 1, Northern Hospital in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia during 27/02/2020 to 08/07/2020. Data were extracted for participants who identified COVID-19 as a stressor compared to participants who did not. Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitley rank sum test were used. Results: Thirty six of 242 inpatients reported the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to mental ill health and subsequent admission. Reasons given included social isolation, generalized distress about the pandemic, barriers to support services, disruption to daily routine, impact on employment, media coverage, re-traumatization, cancelled ECT sessions, loss of loved ones, and increased drug use during the lockdown. Chronic medical conditions or psychiatric multimorbidity were positively associated and smoking status was negatively associated with reporting the COVID-19 pandemic as a contributor to mental ill health. Conclusion: Screening and identifying vulnerable populations during and after the global disaster is vital for timely and appropriate interventions to reduce the impact of the pandemic worldwide.
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Borsato, Fabiane Renata, and Lysllaynne Prysccylla Tavela. "Duas faces do amor em A Paixão Medida, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade / Two Faces of Love in A Paixão Medida, by Carlos Drummond de Andrade." O Eixo e a Roda: Revista de Literatura Brasileira 28, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2358-9787.28.3.239-258.
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Resumo: O artigo analisa dois poemas da obra A Paixão Medida (1980) para compreensão de duas faces do amor presentes na poética de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, sendo uma delas o amor comercializável do poema “A festa do mangue” e a outra o amor epifânico, presente no poema “Nascer de novo”. Para isso, serão descritos e analisados os modos de instauração das vozes dos poemas, ora pautados na objetividade, ora na intensa subjetividade da primeira pessoa; as gradações e regularidades rítmicas; a relação entre princípio identitário e epifania; o amor como concepção simpática das coisas e da alteridade; a relação entre locus adversus e locus amoenus; a presença da ironia drummondinana; o olhar empático do eu poético pela condição de existência no mangue; a mobilidade espacial dos clientes do mangue como contraponto do isolamento das meretrizes e manutenção da exclusão social e econômica. Os sujeitos de ambos os poemas, diante das adversidades econômicas, políticas e sociais, buscam alternativas de existência e sobrevivência num mundo desajustado. Pretende-se evidenciar que o amor transitório do mangue e o amor-poesia-epifania são duas formas de amar drummondianas, em meio à dura mitologia das cidades modernas.Palavras-chave: Carlos Drummond de Andrade; A Paixão Medida; lírica amorosa.Abstract: This paper analyzes two poems from the work A Paixão Medida (1980) aiming to comprehend the two faces of love underlying Carlos Drummond de Andrade’s poetics, being the first one the marketable love in the poem “A festa do mangue”, and the second one being the epiphanic love, presented in the poem “Nascer de novo”. In order to do it, the modes of instauration of the voices in the poems will be described and analyzed they are grounded either in the first person’s objectivity or in its intense subjectivity; the gradations and rhythmic regularity; the relation between the identity and the epiphany; love as a friendly conception of things and alterity; the relation between locus adversus and locus amoenus; the presence of Drummond’s irony; the empathetic gaze of the poetic persona towards the existence conditions on the mangrove; the spatial mobility of the mangrove’s clients as a counterpoint of the prostitutes’ isolation and maintenance of the social and economic exclusion. The subjects of both of these poems, facing the economic, political and social adversities, seek alternatives of existence and surviving in a disarranged world. It is aimed to highlight that the transitory love of the mangrove and the love-poetry-epiphany are two of Drummond’s forms of love amid the tough mythology of the modern cities.Keywords: Carlos Drummond de Andrade; A Paixão Medida; loving lyric.
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Millar, Joanne Elaine, Helen Boon, and David King. "Do wildfire experiences influence views on climate change?" International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 7, no. 2 (May 18, 2015): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-08-2013-0106.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the influence of wildfire events on community perceptions of climate change and the risk of future wildfire disasters in southern Australia. Design/methodology/approach – The study was located around Beechworth in northeast Victoria, where wildfires occurred in 2003 and 2009. Semi-structured qualitative interviews and focus group interviews were conducted in 2010, involving 40 people from local businesses, government and property owners. Findings – The authors conclude that people’s experiences of recent consecutive wildfire events did not necessarily influence their views on climate change in general or as a causal agent of wildfire events. However, there was general agreement that weather conditions had been extreme in recent times. Some attributed the increase in wildfires to factors other than climate change that were more easily observed. Research limitations/implications – Further research is needed into the relationship between wildfire experiences, climate change views and adaptive behaviours across a wider range of social contexts. Research needs to determine if views and behaviours change over time or with frequency or severity of fires. Practical implications – Understanding the nature of potential wildfires, and being able to prepare and respond to such events, is more important than believing in climate change, as views may not change in response to fire events. Strategies need to focus on supporting people to prepare, respond and recover from wildfires, regardless of their climate change perceptions. Social implications – Paying attention to people’s local social context and how it influences their beliefs about climate change will allow sensitive and adaptive strategies to evolve over time. Originality/value – There is limited research into relationships between disaster experiences and perceptions of climate change, particularly the influence of wildfire experiences.
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Crompton, Ryan P., K. John McAneney, Keping Chen, Roger A. Pielke, and Katharine Haynes. "Influence of Location, Population, and Climate on Building Damage and Fatalities due to Australian Bushfire: 1925–2009." Weather, Climate, and Society 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010wcas1063.1.
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Abstract This study reevaluates the history of building damage and loss of life due to bushfire (wildfire) in Australia since 1925 in light of the 2009 Black Saturday fires in Victoria in which 173 people lost their lives and 2298 homes were destroyed along with many other structures. Historical records are normalized to estimate building damage and fatalities had events occurred under the societal conditions of 2008/09. There are relationships between normalized building damage and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean dipole phenomena, but there is no discernable evidence that the normalized data are being influenced by climatic change due to the emission of greenhouse gases. The 2009 Black Saturday fires rank second in terms of normalized fatalities and fourth in terms of normalized building damage. The public safety concern is that, of the 10 years with the highest normalized building damage, the 2008/09 bushfire season ranks third, behind the 1925/26 and 1938/39 seasons, in terms of the ratio of normalized fatalities to building damage. A feature of the building damage in the 2009 Black Saturday fires in some of the most affected towns—Marysville and Kinglake—is the large proportion of buildings destroyed either within bushland or at very small distances from it (<10 m). Land use planning policies in bushfire-prone parts of this country that allow such development increase the risk that bushfires pose to the public and the built environment.
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D’Arcy, Catherine, Ann Taket, and Lisa Hanna. "Implementing empowerment-based Lay Health Worker programs: a preliminary study." Health Promotion International 34, no. 4 (April 24, 2018): 726–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day023.
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Abstract Lay Health Worker (LHW) programs have been shown to be effective in engaging community members in health promotion. While successful LHW program implementation requires an understanding of factors influencing program effectiveness, evidence informing such understanding is lacking for empowerment and ecological theory-based LHW programs. This descriptive study explores how enablers and barriers, identified from LHW literature apply (from the LHWs’ perspective) in the context of implementing an empowerment and ecological theory-based LHW model in Melbourne, Victoria. A qualitative case study was carried out. Data were collected from participating LHWs (n = 11) via anonymized online activity logs (n = 7) and semi-structured interviews (n = 7). Deductive-inductive thematic analysis was guided by five a priori themes identified from the literature: community relationships; intrinsic traits, values and motivations; capacity building; program design; and work conditions. Data supported the enablers and barriers to program effectiveness and implementation reported by previous research. Subthemes identified the importance of the LHW bridging role; the empowerment model; integrating the program; and program inclusiveness. This research contributes to the growing practice literature regarding how to effectively implement diverse LHW models in diverse settings. It also contributes to social ecological and complex systems-based health promotion practice evidence in suggesting LHWs to be potentially useful elements which may add to the effectiveness of ecologically based health promotion interventions.
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De Sisto, Marco, and John Handmer. "Communication: the key for an effective interagency collaboration within the bushfire investigation network." International Journal of Emergency Services 9, no. 3 (June 4, 2020): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-04-2019-0020.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify strengths and weaknesses in knowledge sharing between related post-bushfire investigative agencies. Based on this study, such a sharing of knowledge is essential to enhance collaboration amongst practitioners in the reduction and management of the risk of bushfires.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a case study methodology; the research design is based on comparative analysis of six post-bushfire investigative departments in Italy and Australia (Victoria). A total of 44 bushfire investigators were interviewed between 2012 and 2013, across the two countries. Using focus groups and face-to-face interviews, the extent and quality of intra- and interagency knowledge sharing is analysed.FindingsDespite the desire to collaborate, there are three main conditions that prevent an effective interagency collaboration within the bushfire investigation network, namely, separation, unidirectionality and interpersonal disengagement. This study finds that knowledge sharing suffers from a missing “feedback system” culture, where agencies give each other feedback with strictly bureaucratic purposes, rather than create an ongoing learning mechanism that develops after every investigation. At agency level, we also find that, sharing investigative knowledge and experience through daily and planned meetings is a standard practice to police members; but this is not found in the fire agencies. When made cross-country comparisons between Australia and Italy, the existence of common courses, joint manuals and the sharing of human resources witnessed in Australia (Victoria) is something that would benefit Italian agencies still trapped in a competitive and jurisdictional mindset. At the same time, Australian agencies might want to reconsider the separation between bushfire suppression and investigation, a distinction that has been made clear in Italy through the creation of full-time bushfire investigator positions.Practical implicationsThis paper contributes to the improvement of interagency collaboration through the development of an investigative “social knowledge”. It reinforces the assumption that, to reduce and effectively manage the risk of bushfires, a combined effort from different stakeholders involved in forensic investigation is necessary.Originality/valueGiven the lack of research undertaken in the area of bushfire investigation, the current paper represents a unique piece of work. It is unusual, not only in identifying the current issues within the bushfire investigation network but also in providing agencies with theoretical and practical insights on how to reduce the extremely high number of bushfires and their risks.
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Parker, Alexandra, Sarah Dash, Matthew Bourke, Rhiannon Patten, Melinda Craike, Peter Baldwin, Warwick Hosking, et al. "A Brief, Daily, Online Mental Health and Well-being Intervention for University Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Program Description and Outcomes Using a Mixed Methods Design." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): e35776. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/35776.
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Background The unprecedented changes and isolation measures to contain COVID-19 have had multiple psychological and social impacts, with implications for professional and personal functioning. Evidence-informed interventions that can be rapidly implemented under pandemic conditions to support mental health during such times are urgently needed. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the acceptability and preliminary outcomes of a daily online mental health promotion program for tertiary education staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The “Victoria University (VU) Elevenses” program was delivered as an uncontrolled intervention at Victoria University (VU) in the western metropolitan region of Melbourne, Australia. In April 2020, an email invitation was sent to all academic and professional staff inviting them to: (1) participate in the program and (2) opt-in to the research component. The “VU Elevenses” program provided 10-15–minute microinterventions comprising lifestyle and well-being strategies to promote mental health via an online meeting platform at 11 AM each weekday. A mixed methods approach was used to evaluate the program, combining structured questionnaires with semistructured interviews to investigate the experiences of staff who participated in the program. Results Between 16 and 90 participants provided weekly program feedback. A total of 106 university staff opted into the longitudinal research component and 10 staff participated in the interviews. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with sessions and perceived benefits for mental health. Approximately one quarter of participants reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress at baseline, with significant reductions in these symptoms in the first 7 weeks of the program, corresponding with easing in mandatory isolation (“lockdown”) restrictions. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress all increased when lockdown measures were reintroduced, but not to the same levels as found during the initial lockdown period. Overall changes in depression and anxiety from baseline to the end of the program were explained by changes in COVID-19–related distress, whereas changes in self-compassion explained changes in stress. Conclusions We show that it is feasible and acceptable to develop and deliver a program of brief interventions in a timely manner, using a simple and accessible online platform. Although participation in the program was initially associated with reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, participants’ mental health worsened with the reintroduction of a “lockdown” period. However, as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress did not return to levels observed at the start of the VU Elevenses program, participation in the uncontrolled intervention may have offered a protective benefit against the impact of the second significant lockdown period.
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Raynor, Katrina, Laura Panza, and Rebecca Bentley. "Impact of COVID-19 shocks, precarity and mediating resources on the mental health of residents of share housing in Victoria, Australia: an analysis of data from a two-wave survey." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e058580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058580.
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ObjectivesCOVID-19 lockdown measures have challenged people’s mental health, especially among economically vulnerable households. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of exposure to COVID-19 shocks (defined as job loss, living cost pressures and changing housing conditions throughout the lockdown period) and double precarity (defined as precarity in housing and employment) on mental health outcomes for members of share households as well as the mediating effects of a range of resources.DesignWe conducted a two-wave survey of occupants of share housing in June and October 2020 during a prolonged period of population lockdown. Research design involved fixed effects ordered logit regression models to assess the mental health consequences of baseline precarity and COVID-related shocks.SettingVictoria, Australia.ParticipantsWe surveyed 293 occupants of share houses (mean age 34 SD 11.5, 56% female). Members of share houses (where individuals are unrelated adults and not in a romantic relationship) are more likely to be young, casually employed, visa-holders and low-income.Outcome measuresWe measured household composition, housing and employment precarity, access to government support, household crowding, social networks and COVID-19 shocks. We used a self-reported measure of mental health.ResultsThose exposed to COVID-19 shocks reported a 2.7 times higher odds of mental health deterioration (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.53 to 4.85). People exposed to double precarity (precarity in both housing and employment) reported 2.4 times higher odds of mental health deterioration (OR 2.4, 95% CI 0.99 to 5.69). Housing inadequacy and lack of access to sufficient government payments explained 14.7% and 7% of the total effect of double precarity on mental health, respectively.ConclusionsResults indicate that residents of group households characterised by pre-existing precarity were vulnerable to negative mental health effects during lockdown. Access to sufficient government payments and adequate housing buffered this negative effect.
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Packer, Laurence. "Multiple-foundress associations in a temperate population of Halictus ligatus (Hymenoptera; Halictidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 2325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-346.
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Thirteen pleometrotic (multiple-foundress) nests of the primitively social sweat bee Halictus ligatus were excavated in the summer of 1984 at Victoria, near Toronto, southern Ontario. Subordinate foundresses were significantly smaller than both dominant females in pleometrotic nests and females that nested solitarily. Most subordinates were smaller than the workers that they helped to raise. These small females could have been surviving workers from the previous summer or the offspring of workers. It seems unlikely that they were malnourished reproductive brood individuals produced as a result of parental manipulation. In successful nests, the number of workers produced was positively correlated with the number of founding females such that productivity per foundress remained fairly constant. Pleometrotic nests also produced more reproductives than haplometrotic (single-foundress) ones. Subordinates may occasionally lay reproductive brood eggs. The increased productivity of multiple-foundress nests was not quite sufficient, by itself, to select for subordinate behaviour. The small subordinates had lower potential productivities in comparison to the larger females. This decreased reproductive potential, when combined with the increased productivity of pleometrotic nests, was sufficient to make subordinate behaviour selectively advantageous. When both factors are taken together, subordinate behaviour is selected for as long as the coefficient of relatedness between dominant and subordinate individuals is greater than 1/4. This indicates that high coefficients of relatedness are not necessary for pleometrosis to be selectively advantageous under the conditions found in this study. Dominant females may suffer increased reproductive competition from their numerous workers. This, plus the difficulty of ensuring association with siblings in spring, may be the reason why multiple-foundress associations were uncommon at this locality. The data presented here are compared with those from other studies of this species. The factors promoting pleometrosis in halictines are compared with those that result in multiple-foundress associations in temperate polistine wasps.
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Philip, Jennifer, Gregory Crawford, Caroline Brand, Michelle Gold, Belinda Miller, Peter Hudson, Natasha Smallwood, Rosalind Lau, and Vijaya Sundararajan. "A conceptual model: Redesigning how we provide palliative care for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Palliative and Supportive Care 16, no. 4 (May 31, 2017): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147895151700044x.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Despite significant needs, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) make limited use of palliative care, in part because the current models of palliative care do not address their key concerns.Objective:Our aim was to develop a tailored model of palliative care for patients with COPD and their family caregivers.Method:Based on information gathered within a program of studies (qualitative research exploring experiences, a cohort study examining service use), an expert advisory committee evaluated and integrated data, developed responses, formulated principles to inform care, and made recommendations for practice. The informing studies were conducted in two Australian states: Victoria and South Australia.Results:A series of principles underpinning the model were developed, including that it must be: (1) focused on patient and caregiver; (2) equitable, enabling access to components of palliative care for a group with significant needs; (3) accessible; and (4) less resource-intensive than expansion of usual palliative care service delivery. The recommended conceptual model was to have the following features: (a) entry to palliative care occurs routinely triggered by clinical transitions in care; (b) care is embedded in routine ambulatory respiratory care, ensuring that it is regarded as “usual” care by patients and clinicians alike; (c) the tasks include screening for physical and psychological symptoms, social and community support, provision of information, and discussions around goals and preferences for care; and (d) transition to usual palliative care services is facilitated as the patient nears death.Significance of results:Our proposed innovative and conceptual model for provision of palliative care requires future formal testing using rigorous mixed-methods approaches to determine if theoretical propositions translate into effectiveness, feasibility, and benefits (including economic benefits). There is reason to consider adaptation of the model for the palliative care of patients with other nonmalignant conditions.
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Bessa, Marina Nascimento, and Wellington Mendonça Amorim. "As circunstâncias de criação do diretório acadêmico da Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto (1955-1957)." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 3, no. 2 (March 28, 2009): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.202-1995-3-ce.0302200928.
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ABSTRACTObjective: to examine the circumstances of the establishment Directory Jurandyr Manfredini Scholar at the School of Nursing Alfredo Pinto between 1955 and 1957. Methods: study historical and social and had as perspective the micro history, based on the documentary analysis and the social thought of Pierre Bourdieu. Results: in May of 1955 the Board Scholar at the School of Nursing Alfredo Pinto was named Jurandyr Manfredini, the season, and a doctor of authorized spokespersons of psychiatry headed the National Office of Mental Diseases, organ by which the school was conditional. Conclusion: the creation of the Academic Directory established itself as a new area of symbolic struggle, hitherto absent from the administrative and educational challenges faced by the Direction School. With the approach of the nursing students and leaders of student movement created the conditions to change the rules and regularities of political domination enrolled in school, this fact meant a victory in keeping the spirit of struggle in favor of the student who already has the participation in these discussions on education, the academic routine, the nurses, and social and political life of the Brazilian season. Descriptors: nursing history; nursing school; nursing.RESUMOObjetivo: analisar as circunstâncias da criação do Diretório Acadêmico Jurandyr Manfredini da Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto entre 1955 e 1957. Métodos: estudo histórico-social na perspectiva da micro-história, baseado na análise documental e no pensamento social de Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: em maio de 1955 o Diretório Acadêmico da Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto foi denominado Jurandyr Manfredini, a época, médico e um dos porta-vozes autorizados da psiquiatria dirigia o Serviço Nacional de Doenças Mentais, órgão pelo qual a Escola estava subordinada. Conclusão: a criação do Diretório Acadêmico constituiu-se como um novo espaço de luta simbólica, até então ausente dos desafios administrativos e pedagógicos enfrentados pela Direção da Escola. Com a aproximação dos alunos de enfermagem as lideranças do movimento estudantil foram criadas as condições para se alterar as regras e regularidades políticas de dominação inscritas na Escola, tal fato significou uma vitória na manutenção do espírito de luta a favor do estudante já que possibilitou a participação desses em discussões relativas ao ensino, o cotidiano acadêmico, a enfermagem, e vida social e política brasileira da época. Descritores: história da enfermagem; escolas de enfermagem; enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: examinar las circunstancias de la creación del Directorio Académico Jurandyr Manfredini de la Escuela de Enfermería Alfredo Pinto entre 1955 y 1957. Métodos: el estudio es basado en el contexto histórico y social y tuvo perspectiva la microhistoria, del análisis documental y en el pensamiento social de Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: en mayo de 1955, el Directorio Académico de la Escuela de Enfermería Alfredo Pinto fue nombrado Jurandyr Manfredini, en aquél momento, médico y un de los portavoces autorizados de la psiquiatría, a cargo de la Oficina Nacional de las Enfermedades Mentales, órgano mediante el cual la escuela estaba subordinada. Conclusión: la creación del Directorio Académico estableció un nuevo campo de lucha simbólica, hasta entonces ausente en los retos administrativos y desafíos educativos que enfrentaba la Dirección de la Escuela. Con el acercamiento de los estudiantes de enfermería a los dirigentes del movimiento estudiantil fueron creadas las condiciones para cambiar las reglas y regularidades de la dominación política vigentes en la escuela. Este hecho significó una victoria para mantener el espíritu de lucha en favor de los estudiantes, ya que posibilitó la participación de ellos en los debates sobre la enseñanza, la rutina académica, la enfermería, y la vida social y política brasileña de la época. Descriptores: historia de la enfermería; escuelas de enfermería; enfermería.
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Iwanaga, Takuya, Fateme Zare, Barry Croke, Baihua Fu, Wendy Merritt, Daniel Partington, Jenifer Ticehurst, and Anthony Jakeman. "Development of an integrated model for the Campaspe catchment: a tool to help improve understanding of the interaction between society, policy, farming decision, ecology, hydrology and climate." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 379 (June 5, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-1-2018.
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Abstract. Management of water resources requires understanding of the hydrology and hydrogeology, as well as the policy and human drivers and their impacts. This understanding requires relevant inputs from a wide range of disciplines, which will vary depending on the specific case study. One approach to gain understanding of the impact of climate and society on water resources is through the use of an integrated modelling process that engages stakeholders and experts in specifics of problem framing, co-design of the underpinning conceptual model, and discussion of the ensuing results. In this study, we have developed such an integrated modelling process for the Campaspe basin in northern Victoria, Australia. The numerical model built has a number of components: Node/link based surface water hydrology module based on the IHACRES rainfall-streamflow model Distributed groundwater model for the lower catchment (MODFLOW) Farm decision optimisation module (to determine irrigation requirements) Policy module (setting conditions on availability of water based on existing rules) Ecology module (determining the impacts of available streamflow on platypus, fish and river red gum trees) The integrated model is component based and has been developed in Python, with the MODFLOW and surface water hydrology model run in external programs, controlled by the master program (in Python). The integrated model has been calibrated using historical data, with the intention of exploring the impact of various scenarios (future climate scenarios, different policy options, water management options) on the water resources. The scenarios were selected based on workshops with, and a social survey of, stakeholders in the basin regarding what would be socially acceptable and physically plausible options for changes in management. An example of such a change is the introduction of a managed aquifer recharge system to capture dam overflows, and store at least a portion of this in the aquifer, thereby increasing the groundwater resource as well as reducing the impact of existing pumping levels.
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Pereira, Robert B., Timothy L. Brown, Alison Guida, Nerida Hyett, Mary Nolan, Lidia Oppedisano, Kayla Riley, and Grace Walker. "Consumer experiences of care coordination for people living with chronic conditions and other complex needs: an inclusive and co-produced research study." Australian Health Review 45, no. 4 (2021): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20108.
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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore consumer experiences of care coordination within Barwon Health’s Hospital Admission Risk Program (HARP) located in Geelong, Victoria. MethodsThe study design was qualitative description informed by phenomenology and inclusive and co-production methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of six consumers living with chronic conditions and other complex needs. Participants were asked about their lived experience related to accessing the service, communication, and health and supports before and after accessing the service using an interview guide. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. ResultsFive themes were identified: (1) experiencing authentic, values-based care; (2) collaborative care and working together; (3) gaining independence; (4) improved health and quality of life; and (5) limited understanding of HARP at the start. Overall, participants’ experiences were positive, which related to improved health, quality of life, and sustainable supports. Although gains were experienced, most of the participants identified that their knowledge of HARP was limited when services commenced, which is an area for service improvement. ConclusionThis research begins to address the knowledge gap related to consumer experiences of care coordination. Findings highlight the importance of providing person-centred, authentic and values-based care, listening authentically, and promoting consumer voice within services. The study demonstrates that inclusive, co-design research is feasible in this service context, and further research is recommended into how stakeholders understand the function of care coordination services to promote health and prevent hospital readmissions, and improve consumer participation. What is known about the topic?Care coordination is multifaceted, with the primary purpose of facilitating person-centred care through appropriate and timely delivery of healthcare services. Despite the effectiveness of care coordination programs in preventing avoidable hospital admissions and reducing hospital length of stay, there is a paucity of research that has investigated consumer perspectives. There is also limited research that has adopted an inclusive research design of knowledge co-production where clinicians and consumers are included as equal members of the research team. What does this paper add?The study findings provide evidence into the value of care coordination from the perspective of consumers living with chronic conditions and other complex health and psychosocial issues. The findings also extend evidence into person- and consumer-centred care through understanding the qualities of care coordination practice that promote authenticity, integrity and positive health outcomes. Listening is identified as a critical element of authentic, values-based care, and as a care coordination intervention. Finally, the study demonstrates that inclusive, co-design research is feasible in this service context, and a larger-scale Experience-Based Co-Design study is recommended to investigate how stakeholders understand the function of care coordination services to promote health and prevent hospital readmissions and improve consumer participation. What are the implications for practitioners?The study informs practitioners of consumer lived experience of care coordination. Practitioners are recommended to apply the findings to practice by adopting an authentic, values-based and person-centred care approach described in the study findings. Service improvement initiatives are recommended to focus on increasing awareness of care coordination services through consumer participation and the meaningful inclusion of consumer voice, which could focus on education for referring health and social care professionals.
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Okada, Tomoko. "Kosovar Resettlement Assistance Project in Greater Victoria." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees, January 1, 2001, 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.22078.
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This paper describes a practical service model based on my field experience and outlines the process of Kosovar refugees' initial resettlement in Greater Victoria. Although an individual's age, social, educational, economic, and health conditions are some factors to influence refugee psycho-social adjustment, the continuum of resettlement is explained as dynamic, two-way, multifaceted, and long term. Resettlement does not end within one's lifetime, but it is rather an inter-generational evolution. This paper, however, only focuses on the first initial resettlement stage, which is critical to influence the whole continuum of inter-generational adjustment.
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Neri Tejada, Jillianne, Marie Hammer, and Liang Li. "Teacher’s creation of conditions for peer interactions and relationships." Journal of Early Childhood Research, August 18, 2021, 1476718X2110336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476718x211033628.
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Teachers have the ability to influence a child’s sense of belonging and peer relationships in the classroom which are important for a child’s social development. Currently, little is known about the ways in which they do this. Vygotsky’s concept of the social situation of development and Hedegaard’s model for learning and development were used to discuss the conditions teachers created that promote peer relationships within the classroom. Digital video observations and interview of one grade 1 classroom teacher from the western suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria were analysed using Hedegaard’s dialectical-interactive approach. This paper demonstrates how the societal demands on institutions influence the activity settings that students participate in and argues that teachers need to create conditions for peer interactions that satisfy societal needs as well as being meaningful for their students and their social situation of development.
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Siette, Joyce, Karla Seaman, Laura Dodds, Kristiana Ludlow, Carly Johnco, Viviana Wuthrich, Joanne K. Earl, Piers Dawes, Paul Strutt, and Johanna I. Westbrook. "A national survey on COVID-19 second-wave lockdowns on older adults’ mental wellbeing, health-seeking behaviours and social outcomes across Australia." BMC Geriatrics 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02352-1.
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Abstract Background The impact of severe second lockdown measures on older adults’ wellbeing is unknown. We aimed to (i) identify the impact of the second lockdown that resulted from the second wave of COVID-19 cases on older Australians’ quality of life; (ii) compare the impact of second wave lockdowns in Victoria, Australia’s second most populous State, to those in other States and Territories not in lockdown. Methods A national cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults completed online questionnaires for quality of life, social networks, healthcare access, and perceived impact of COVID-19 between July to September 2020. Tobit regression was used to measure the relationships of healthcare service access and social networks with quality of life of older adults in Victoria compared to those in the rest of Australia. Results A total of 2,990 respondents (mean [SD] age, 67.3 [7.0]; 66.8 % female) participated. At time of data collection, Victoria’s second COVID-19 lockdown had been in force for an average 51.7 days. Median quality of life scores were significantly higher in Victoria compared to the rest of Australia (t2,827=2.25 p = 0.025). Being female (95 % CI, -0.051–0.020), having lower educational attainment (95 % CI, -0.089–-0.018), receiving government benefits (95 % CI, -0.054–-0.024), having small social networks (95 % CI, 0.006–0.009) and self-reported physical chronic health conditions were all independent predictors of lower quality of life. Conclusions Longer-term studies are required to provide more robust evidence of the impact as restrictions lift and normal social conventions return.
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Magno, Laio, and Marcelo Eduardo Pfeiffer Castellanos. "Meanings and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among long-distance truck drivers in Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 50 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050006185.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To understand the meanings assigned by long-distance truck drivers to HIV/AIDS and its transmission and prevention, bearing in mind different contexts of vulnerability. METHODS Qualitative research with 22 truck drivers. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were conducted in highways of the state of Bahia in 2013. We selected male truck drivers, with one year or more of work experience in long-distance routes. We carried out the thematic analysis of the interviews, to identify different contexts of vulnerability. RESULTS The results showed that the insertion of truck drivers in contexts of high social vulnerability (poor working conditions, violence on the roads, and use of alcohol and other drugs) along with the advances in access and effectiveness of treatment for AIDS promote a reduced perception of the risk and severity of this disease. In addition, the notion of “risk group” and the symbolic division between “home space” (protected) and “street space” (unprotected) intensified a restricted and specific use of condoms, guided by the opposition between “woman of the street” (unknown women, prostitutes, among others) and “woman of the house” (wives, girlfriends). CONCLUSIONS The meanings assigned by truckers to AIDS incorporated elements of recent transformations of the expanded social context, such as the development of health technologies (especially anti-retroviral drugs) and the guarantee of free access to treatment in the Brazilian public health system; but also incorporated old elements of social vulnerability context – such as the poor working conditions on Brazilian highways.