Relevant bibliographies by topics / Prosthetics and orthotics

Academic literature on the topic 'Prosthetics and orthotics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Prosthetics and orthotics"

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Anderson, Sarah, Rwth Stuckey, and Jodi R. Oakman. "Prosthetists’ and Orthotists’ experience of their work and workspace – characterising the physical and organisational environment: Focus group findings." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 40, no. 6 (July 10, 2016): 703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364615592702.

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Background:Little research has been undertaken into occupational health and safety in the Prosthetics and Orthotics profession.Objectives:To identify physical, psychosocial and environmental workplace experiences of Prosthetists and Orthotists in organisational settings.Study design:Qualitative methodology, cross-sectional design, using thematically analysed data collected from focus groups.Methods:Focus groups explored workplace and work experiences across varied Prosthetic and Orthotic settings. Data were thematically analysed to identify physical, psychosocial and environmental workplace experiences.Results:Three major themes, Demands of Work Practice, Impacts on the Individual and Job Design, were identified as problematic. A latent theme Perceptions of Others of P&O highlighted a lack of understanding of the Prosthetics and Orthotics job role outside the profession.Conclusion:This first study of occupational health and safety in the Prosthetics and Orthotics profession identifies a number of important physical and psychosocial issues, including characteristics that have been previously identified as risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Findings from the study indicate that some Australian organisations lack understanding of the Prosthetics and Orthotics job role, which results in inappropriate expectations of Prosthetics and Orthotics professionals. Preventing injuries and retaining experienced Prosthetists and Orthotists in the workplace is vital for the profession, and as a result, issues raised in this study require further exploration and then development of appropriate management strategies.Clinical relevanceThis is the first study characterising the experiences of work and risk of injuries in Prosthetists and Orthotists. Preventing injuries and retaining experienced Prosthetists and Orthotists in the workplace is vital for the international profession. Issues raised in this study require further exploration and then development of appropriate management strategies.
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Desmond, Deirdre, and Pamela Gallagher. "Reflections and future directions for psychological science in Prosthetics and Orthotics International." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 44, no. 6 (November 8, 2020): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364620967780.

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In the inaugural edition of Prosthetics and Orthotics International in 1977, Dr Sidney Fishman identified the Psychological Sciences as one of six indispensable areas of skill and knowledge in professional prosthetic–orthotic practice. Since then, there have been substantial changes and developments in the complexity and capabilities of assistive technologies, greater emphasis on understanding the relationships between people and enabling technologies, growing recognition of the importance of the contexts and environments that support their use, and changes in both health care services and the professional development of prosthetists and orthotists. The aim of this narrative review is to reflect on the role of Prosthetics and Orthotics International in shaping the evolving understanding of psychology in prosthetics and orthotics. There remains considerable potential and opportunity for the development and application of psychology in addressing the challenges of disability globally. However, a broad interpretation and application of the principles of rehabilitation psychology are needed if we are to meaningfully incorporate psychological science into the knowledge that informs prosthetic and orthotic practice.
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Forghany, Saeed, Ebrahim Sadeghi-Demneh, Ursula Trinler, Pornsuree Onmanee, Michael P. Dillon, and Richard Baker. "The influence of staff training and education on prosthetic and orthotic service quality: A scoping review." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 42, no. 3 (July 18, 2017): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364617718412.

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Background: Education and training in prosthetics and orthotics typically comply with International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics standards based on three categories of prosthetic and orthotic professionals. Objective: This scoping study sought to describe the evidence base available to answer the question, How are prosthetic and orthotic services influenced by the training of staff providing them? Study design: Scoping review. Methods: A structured search of the peer-reviewed literature catalogued in major electronic databases yielded 3039 papers. Following review of title and abstract, 93 articles were considered relevant. Full-text review reduced this number to 25. Results: Only two articles were identified as providing direct evidence of the effects of training and education on service provision. While both suggested that there was an impact, it is difficult to see how the more specific conclusions of either could be generalised. The other 23 articles provide a useful background to a range of issues including the specification of competencies that training programmes should deliver (3 articles), descriptions of a range of training programmes and the effects of training and education on student knowledge and skills. Conclusion: Although it is considered axiomatic, the service quality is dependent on practitioner education and training. There is insufficient evidence to establish whether levels of training and education in prosthetics and orthotics have an effect on the quality of prosthetic and orthotic services. Clinical relevance There is very little evidence about the effects of training and education of prosthetists and orthotists on service quality. While this is a somewhat negative finding, we feel that it is important to bring this to the attention of the prosthetics and orthotics community.
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Desmond, D., and M. MacLachlan. "Psychological issues in prosthetic and orthotic practice: A 25 year review of psychology in Prosthetics and Orthotics International." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 26, no. 3 (December 2002): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640208726646.

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In the inaugural edition of Prosthetics and Orthotics International, Fishman identified the psychological sciences as one of six indispensable areas of skill and knowledge in professional prosthetic-orthotic practice. Given the journal's significant role in reporting and developing pertinent research and practice, this review assesses the profile of psychology in prosthetic and orthotic research, as evidenced by the content of Prosthetics and Orthotics International since its inception. A MEDLINE search of the journal's abstracts over a twenty-five year period was conducted using the search terms: ‘psychology’, ‘psychosocial’, ‘quality of life’, ‘developmental’ and ‘coping’. Results of this search are summarised under the following headings: (a) body image; (b) coping and adjustment; (c) developmental issues; (d) psychosocial well-being; (e) quality of life; and (f) psychological factors leading to amputation. On the basis of this review, the authors conclude by highlighting a number of key areas where the psychological aspects of prosthetics and orthotics warrant further investigation and dissemination.
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Schuch, C. M. "Modern above-knee fitting practice (A report on the ISPO workshop on above-knee fitting and alignment techniques May 15–19, 1987, Miami, USA." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 12, no. 2 (August 1988): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093648809078204.

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Introduction During the period of May 15–19, 1987, an International Workshop on Above-Knee Fitting and Alignment Techniques was held in Miami, Florida. Conceived and organized by A. Bennett Wilson, Jr. and Mel Stills, the workshop was supported and sponsored by the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics with the support of the Rehabilitation Research and Development Service of the Veteran's Administration. Hosting the workshop was the Prosthetics and Orthotics Education Programme of the School of Health Sciences, Florida International University, and more specifically, Dr. Reba Anderson, Dean of Health Sciences and Ron Spiers, Director of Prosthetic Orthotic Education. More than 50 physicians, prosthetists, engineers and educators from the United States, England, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Israel, the Netherlands and Germany participated.
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Spaulding, Susan Ewers, Sisary Kheng, Susan Kapp, and Carson Harte. "Education in prosthetic and orthotic training: Looking back 50 years and moving forward." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 44, no. 6 (November 8, 2020): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364620968644.

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There is a long history of prosthetic and orthotic services helping to mitigate the impact of physical impairment by restoring function, and enabling and equipping the user. The training of health professionals who design, fit, and maintain prosthetic and orthotic devices has evolved over the centuries, reflecting an increase in knowledge, technology, understanding, and social attitudes in each era. Improvements in pedagogical thinking and biomechanical understanding, as well as the advent of new integrated technologies, have driven the profession over the past 50 years to modernize, evolve training and service delivery models in line with new attitudes toward clients, and search for new ways to improve users’ quality of life. In this narrative review, the authors examined the evolution of prosthetic and orthotic education, the impact of changing educational techniques and technologies, and the impact of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics in that process. Through conversations with experts and review of peer-reviewed literature, accreditation documents, and the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics records and databases, the authors identified three areas of change in prosthetics and orthotics education over the past 50 years: (1) prosthetic/orthotic curriculum content, (2) pedagogy and course delivery, and (3) internships/residencies. This narrative review is a snapshot of a growing profession and we can only speculate where the next 50 years will lead us as we strive to serve patients, ever placing their needs and aspirations at the center of this professional service.
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Boone, David. "Prosthetists and orthotists: An evolution from mechanic to clinician." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 44, no. 6 (November 6, 2020): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364620968643.

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Fifty years ago, the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics was founded in recognition that this unique niche in rehabilitation would benefit from multidisciplinary interactions between specialists in engineering, therapy, and medicine.Since then, field evolved from having a craft orientation toward a technology and clinical specialty. This anniversary provides an opportunity to look back on advances in prosthetics and orthotics, and the clear impact they have had on changing the skills needed by the prosthetist/orthotist as new technology and techniques have emerged. The balance has clearly shifted from mechanical skills to clinical care. The training and skills of the prosthetist/orthotist remain unique and valued in the rehabilitation team, and the primary motivation remains the same as it has been since the creation of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics: the application of external devices where they are suitable to address the many varied needs of persons with disability. This historical perspective puts into context why and how the profession has changed, while also reinforcing that it is the goals set for restoring patient functions that best defines what it is to be a prosthetist/orthotist, not the means we use.
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Jarl, Gustav, Marie Holmefur, and Liselotte MN Hermansson. "Test–retest reliability of the Swedish version of the Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 38, no. 1 (May 7, 2013): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364613485113.

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Background:The Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey consists of five modules to assess outcomes of orthotic and prosthetic interventions: lower extremity functional status, upper extremity functional status, client satisfaction with device, client satisfaction with services and health-related quality of life.Objectives:To investigate the test–retest reliability and calculate the smallest detectable difference for all modules of the Swedish Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey.Study design:Test–retest reliability study design.Methods:A total of 69 patients at a Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics completed Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey on two occasions separated by a 2-week interval, giving 18 answers on lower extremity functional status, 41 on upper extremity functional status, 53 on client satisfaction with device, 12 on client satisfaction with services and 67 answers on health-related quality of life. Raw scores were converted into Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey units on a 0–100 scale. Intra-class correlation coefficients, Bland–Altman plots, common person linking plots and t-tests of person mean measures were used to investigate the reliability. The 95% confidence level smallest detectable differences were calculated.Results:The intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.77 to 0.96 for the modules, and no systematic differences were detected between the response occasions. The smallest detectable differences ranged from 7.4 to 16.6 units.Conclusions:The test–retest reliability was satisfactory for all Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey modules. The smallest detectable difference was large on all modules except the health-related quality of life module.Clinical relevanceThe Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey modules are reliable and, thus, can be recommended for repeated measurements of patients over time. Relatively large changes are needed to achieve statistical significance when assessing individual patients.
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Miro, Rebecca Maria, William Young, Robert Dedrick, and M. Jason Highsmith. "Predictors of success on the American Board for Certification’s prosthetics certification examination." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 41, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364616637953.

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Background:Many factors can potentially impact pass or fail performance of a certification examination. While studies regarding predictors of success have been conducted in other professions, no such studies have been conducted in prosthetics and orthotics.Objectives:Determine whether there are significant differences in prosthetics certification examination success or failure based on gender, Carnegie ranking of the institution from where the candidate received the degree, and whether the candidate is extending credential from orthotics to include prosthetics.Study design:Retrospective study.Methods:Data of candidates who completed prosthetics residency in 2011 and 2012 were evaluated for relationships with the dependent variables.Results:Only credential extension showed a statistically significant relationship with written multiple choice ( p = 0.000), written simulation ( p = 0.006), and clinical patient management examinations ( p = 0.005) as well as with success or failure in obtaining prosthetics certification ( p < 0.001).Conclusions:Currently available data for analysis regarding predictors of success are limited. Collection of additional variables (i.e. pre-requisite grade point average) in the future will permit analysis of more robust information. Presently available data reveal that candidates seeking to extend credential are more successful in obtaining certified prosthetist status compared with those testing for the first time.Clinical relevanceUnderstanding factors contributing to attaining licensure is important as the prosthetic/orthotic practitioner population ages. This is the first study to investigate this dimension of prosthetics and orthotics training, which upholds professional standards and protects patients. It helps the profession develop best educational and clinical practices in managing patients who utilize prosthetic technologies.
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Heinemann, A. W., R. K. Bode, and C. O'Reilly. "Development and measurement properties of the Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey (OPUS): A comprehensive set of clinical outcome instruments." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 27, no. 3 (December 2003): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640308726682.

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The need to measure and evaluate orthotics and prosthetics (O&P) practice has received growing recognition in the past several years. Reliable and valid self-report instruments are needed that can help facilities evaluate patient outcomes. The objective of this project was to develop a set of self-report instruments that assess functional status, quality of life, and satisfaction with devices and services that can be used in an orthotics and prosthetics clinic. Selecting items from a variety of existing instruments, the authors developed and revised four instruments that differentiate patients with varying levels of lower limb function, quality of life, and satisfaction with devices and services. Evidence of construct validity is provided by hierarchies of item difficulty that are consistent with clinical experience. For example, with the lower limb function instrument, running one block was much more difficult than walking indoors. The instruments demonstrate adequate internal consistency (0.88 for lower limb function, 0.88 for quality of life, 0.74 for service satisfaction, 0.78 for device satisfaction). The next steps in their research programme are to evaluate sensitivity and construct validity. The Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey (OPUS) is a promising self-report instrument which may, with further development, allow orthotic and prosthetic practitioners to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of their services as required by accreditation standards such as those of the American Board for Certification in Orthotics and Prosthetics that mandate quality assessment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prosthetics and orthotics"

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Harrison, Andrew J. "The development and application of biomechanical analysis techniques for evaluation of developmental stages in vertical jump." Thesis, University of Salford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265526.

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Westergren, Robert, and Mehdi Nasser. "Patient satisfaction and mobility with their assistive device and service." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Ortopedteknisk plattform, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30386.

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Objective: To gather knowledge related to patient satisfaction and mobility with lower limb prosthetic and orthotic devices and to investigate satisfaction with services received. Another purpose of this study is to analyze potential differences between orthotic and prosthetic patients in relation to patient satisfaction and mobility. Design: Cross-sectional study Subjects: 21 participants with a mean age of 58 (SD 16) with an average duration of use of devices of 10 (SD 10) years. 12 out of the 21 participants were orthotic users and 9 were prosthetic users. Methods: Patients were asked to complete two questionnaires, one regarding satisfaction with assistive device and service (QUEST 2.0) and one regarding mobility. Results: Patients mean score regarding satisfaction with assistive device and service were 4.0 (SD 0.8) and 4.2 (SD 1.0) respectively. 91% reported that they had the ability to walk at least 100 meters with their assistive device. The areas where participants experienced most difficulties were walking on uneven ground (70%), walking up and down a hill (57%) and walking on stairs (57%). Conclusion: Overall this study demonstrates that participants were quite satisfied with their assistive device and the service received by the P&O clinic. No statistically significant differences regarding satisfaction with assistive device and service, or mobility, were found between prosthetic and orthotic participants.
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Keating, Jennifer. "Relating forearm muscle electrical activity to finger forces." Digital WPI, 2014. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/580.

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The electromyogram (EMG) signal is desired to be used as a control signal for applications such as multifunction prostheses, wheelchair navigation, gait generation, grasping control, virtual keyboards, and gesture-based interfaces [25]. Several research studies have attempted to relate the electromyogram (EMG) activity of the forearm muscles to the mechanical activity of the wrist, hand and/or fingers [41], [42], [43]. A primary interest is for EMG control of powered upper-limb prostheses and rehabilitation orthotics. Existing commercial EMG-controlled devices are limited to rudimentary control capabilities of either discrete states (e.g. hand close/open), or one degree of freedom proportional control [4], [36]. Classification schemes for discriminating between hand/wrist functions and individual finger movements have demonstrated accuracy up to 95% [38], [39], [29]. These methods may provide for increased amputee function, though continuous control of movement is not generally achieved. This thesis considered proportional control via EMG-based estimation of finger forces with the goal of identifying whether multiple degrees of freedom of proportional control information are available from the surface EMG of the forearm. Electromyogram (EMG) activity from the extensor and flexor muscles of the forearm was sensed with bipolar surface electrodes and related to the force produced at the four fingertips during constant-posture, slowly force-varying contractions from 20 healthy subjects. The contractions ranged between 30% maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) extension and 30% MVC flexion. EMG amplitude sampling rate, least squares regularization, linear vs. nonlinear models and number of electrodes used in the system identification were studied. Results are supportive that multiple degrees of freedom of proportional control information are available from the surface EMG of the forearm, at least in healthy subjects. An EMG amplitude sampling frequency of 4.096 Hz was found to produce models which allowed for good EMG amplitude estimates. Least squares regularization with a pseudo-inverse tolerance of 0.055 resulted in significant improvement in modeling results, with an average error of 4.69% MVC-6.59% MVC (maximum voluntary contraction). Increasing polynomial order did not significantly improve modeling results. Results from smaller electrode arrays remained fairly good with as few as six electrodes, with the average %MVC error ranging from 5.13%-7.01% across the four fingers. This study also identified challenges in the current experimental study design and subsequent system identification when EMG-force modeling is performed with four fingers simultaneously. Methods to compensate for these issues have been proposed in this thesis.
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Childers, Walter Lee. "Motor control in persons with a trans-tibial amputation during cycling." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44910.

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Motor control of any movement task involves the integration of neural, muscular and skeletal systems. This integration must occur throughout the sensorimotor system and focus its efforts on controlling the system endpoint, e.g. the foot during locomotion. A person with a uni-lateral trans-tibial amputation has lost the foot, ankle joint, and muscles crossing those joints, hence the residuum becomes the new terminus of the motor system. The amputee must now adjust to the additional challenges of utilizing a compromised motor system as well as the challenges of controlling an external device, i.e. prosthesis, through the mechanical interface between the residuum and prosthetic socket. The obvious physical and physiologic asymmetries between the sound and amputated limbs are also involved in strategies for locomotion involving kinematic and kinetic asymmetries (Winter&Sienko, 1988). There are many questions as to why these asymmetric locomotor strategies are selected and what factors may be influencing that strategy. Factors influencing a change in locomotor strategy could be related to 1) the central nervous system accounting for the loss of sensorimotor feedback, 2) the altered mechanics of this new human/prosthetic system, or some combination of these factors. Understanding how the human motor system adjusts to the amputation and to the addition of an external mechanical device can provide useful insight into how robust the human control system may be and to adaptations in human motor control. This research uses a group of individuals with a uni-lateral trans-tibial amputation and a group of intact individuals using an Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) performing a cycling task to understand the "motor adjustments" necessary to utilize an external device for locomotion. Results of these experiments suggest 1) the motor system does account for the activation-contraction dynamics when coordinating muscle activity post amputation, 2) the motor system also changes joint kinetics and muscle activity, 3) these changes are related to control of the interface between the limb and the external device, and 4) the motor system does not alter kinetic asymmetries when kinematic asymmetries are minimized, contrary to a common practice in rehabilitation (Kapp, 2004). Results suggest that control of the external device, i.e. prosthesis or AFO, via the interface between the limb and the device reflect "motor adjustments" made by the nervous system and may be viewed in the context of tool use. Clinical goals in rehabilitation currently focus on minimizing gait deviations whereas the clinical application of these results suggest these deviations from normal locomotion are motor adjustments necessary to control a tool, i.e. prosthesis, by the motor system. Examining amputee locomotion in the context of tool use changes the clinical paradigm from one designed to minimize deviations to one intended to understand this behavior as related to interface control of the device thereby shifting the focus to improving function of the limb/prosthesis system. Kapp SL. (2004) Atlas amp limb def: surg pros rehab princ. 3rd ed: 385 - 394. Winter&Sienko. (1988) J Biomech, 21: 361 - 367.
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Richardson, Kevin Thomas. "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A 3D-PRINTED, THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER (TPE) SPRING ELEMENT FOR USE IN CORRECTIVE HAND ORTHOTICS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/127.

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This thesis proposes an algorithm that determine the geometry of 3D-printed, custom-designed spring element bands made of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) for use in a wearable orthotic device to aid in the physical therapy of a human hand exhibiting spasticity after stroke. Each finger of the hand is modeled as a mechanical system consisting of a triple-rod pendulum with nonlinear stiffness at each joint and forces applied at the attachment point of each flexor muscle. The system is assumed quasi-static, which leads to a torque balance between the flexor tendons in the hand, joint stiffness and the design force applied to the fingertip by the 3D-printed spring element. To better understand material properties of the spring element’s material, several tests are performed on TPE specimens printed with different infill geometries, including tensile tests and cyclic loading tests. The data and stress-strain curves for each geometry type are presented, which yield a nonlinear relationship between stress and strain as well as apparent hysteresis. Polynomial curves are used to fit the data, which allows for the band geometry to be designed. A hypothetical hand is presented along with how input measurements might be taken for the algorithm. The inputs are entered into the algorithm, and the geometry of the bands for each finger are generated. Results are discussed, and future work is noted, providing a means for the design of a customized orthotic device.
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Magnusson, Lina. "Prosthetic and Orthotic Services in Developing Countries." Doctoral thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Ortopedteknisk plattform, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-24973.

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Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to generate further knowledge about prosthetic and orthotic services in developing countries. In particular, the thesis focused on patient mobility and satisfaction with prosthetic and orthotic devices, satisfaction with service delivery, and the views of staff regarding clinical practice and education. Methods: Questionnaires, including QUEST 2.0, were used to collect self-reported data from 83 patients in Malawi and 139 patients in Sierra Leone. In addition, 15 prosthetic/orthotic technicians in Sierra Leone and 15 prosthetists/orthotists in Pakistan were interviewed. Results: The majority of patients used their prosthetic or orthotic devices (90% in Malawi, and 86% in Sierra Leone), but half of the assistive devices in use needed repair. Approximately one third of patients reported pain when using their assistive device (40% in Malawi and 34% in Sierra Leone). Patients had difficulties, or could not walk at all, with their prosthetic and/or orthotic device in the following situations; uneven ground (41% in Malawi and 65% in Sierra Leone), up and down hills (78% in Malawi and 75% in Sierra Leone), on stairs (60% in Malawi and 66% in Sierra Leone). Patients were quite satisfied or very satisfied with their assistive device (mean 3.9 in Malawi and 3.7 in Sierra Leone out of 5) and the services provided (mean 4.4 in Malawi and 3.7 in Sierra Leone out of 5), (p<0.001), but reported many problems (418 comments made in Malawi and 886 in Sierra Leone). About half of the patients did not, or sometimes did not, have the ability to access services (71% in Malawi and 40% in Sierra Leone). In relation to mobility and service delivery, orthotic patients and patients using above-knee assistive devices in Malawi and Sierra Leone had the poorest results. In Sierra Leone, women had poorer results than men. The general condition of devices and the ability to walk on uneven ground and on stairs were associated with both satisfaction of assistive devices and service received. Professionals’ views of service delivery and related education resulted in four themes common to Sierra Leone and Pakistan: 1) Low awareness and prioritising of prosthetic and orthotic services; 2) Difficulty managing specific pathological conditions and problems with materials; 3) The need for further education and desire for professional development; 4) Desire for improvements in prosthetic and orthotic education. A further two themes were unique to Sierra Leone; 1) People with disabilities have low social status; 2) Limited access to prosthetic and orthotic services. Conclusion: High levels of satisfaction and mobility while using assistive devices were reported in Malawi and Sierra Leone, although patients experienced pain and difficulties when walking on challenging surfaces. Limitations to the effectiveness of assistive devices, poor comfort, and limited access to follow-up services and repairs were issues that needed to be addressed. Educating prosthetic and orthotic staff to a higher level was considered necessary in Sierra Leone. In Pakistan, prosthetic and orthotic education could be improved by modifying programme content, improving teachers’ knowledge, improving access to information, and addressing issues of gender equality.
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Mahmood, Nasrul Humaimi. "3D surface reconstruction from multiviews for orthotic and prosthetic design." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494971.

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Existing methods that use a fringe projection technique for orthotic and prosthetic designs produce good results for the trunk and lower limbs; however, the devices used for this purpose are expensive. This thesis investigates the use of an inexpensive passive method involving 3D surface reconstruction from video images taken at multiple views. The design and evaluation methodology, consisting of a number of techniques suitable for orthotic and prosthetic design, is developed. The method that focuses on fitting the reference model (3D model) of an object to the target data (3D data) is presented. The 3D model is obtained by a computer program while the 3D data uses the shape-from silhouette technique in an approximately circular motion.
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Eby, Wesley R. "Feasibility Analysis of a Powered Lower-Limb Orthotic for the Mobility Impaired User." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/952.

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Powered orthotic devices can be used to restore mobility to the impaired user, and may thereby assist them in daily living tasks. An investigation is performed herein to examine the feasibility of a powered lower-limb orthotic in assisting the sit-to-stand task by 50% of the required torque. Feasibility is considered via simulation. A three-link sit-to-stand model, which is driven by kinematic data, is developed. Models of a Pneumatic Muscle Actuator and a DC motor are used to determine which of the two technologies can make a more appropriate contribution to the sit-to-stand task. Simulation revealed that both the Pneumatic Muscle Actuator and the DC motor are reasonable actuator choices, and neither limited the ability to achieve 50% torque assistance. The ability to assist the task was, however, limited by the ability to derive a control signal for the actuator from the user-orthotic interface. It was concluded that the user-orthotic interface requires further investigation. It was also found that while both actuator technologies are suitable for contributing 50% of the required torque, the Pneumatic Muscle Actuator is preferable due to its ability to scale to greater torques.
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Jørgensen, Christina Louise, and Nynne Harrishøj Schultz. "Danish Certified Prosthetists and Orthotists’ experience of their intercultural competencies in the treatment of immigrants : A qualitative interview study." Thesis, Jönköping University, HHJ. Ortopedteknisk plattform, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52896.

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Background: To be able to meet social harmony in a continuously globalizing world, intercultural competencies are important to possess as an individual. Thus, it is also important for Certified Prosthetists and Orthotists (CPOs) and other health care providers since they meet many diversities in connection to their work. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate Danish CPOs’ experience and perception of their intercultural competencies in the treatment of immigrants. Method: This study is a qualitative interview study using a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews are used to collect the data from five CPOs working in Danish clinics. A content analysis, with an inductive approach, is used for the analysis. Findings: From the analysis of the participant interviews, seven sub-categories were found and further divided into three categories: Treatment, work environment, and development of competencies. These contribute to describe the main category and the aim of this study. Conclusion: The Danish CPOs, who participated in this study, experienced that they did not treat immigrants differently than non-immigrants. However, they experienced that some challenges could be connected to the treatment of immigrants, such as communication difficulties, but they all had a perception, that they used specific tools and strategies to accommodate these challenges. Furthermore, they all experienced that their intercultural competencies had improved with experience, but most of them were also interested in further development of their competencies.
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Ho, Chun-Hua, and 何駿驊. "Design of A Flexion-Extension Coupling Ratio Mechanism for Orthotics and Prosthetics." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10668652120745175223.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
99
The main purpose of this research is to design a set of hip flexion-extension coupling ratio mechanism for paraplegic and HD/HP patients. In clinical experiences, the treatment for paralysis of lower extremities and HD/HP patients is the most challenging issue. Compared with knee joint mechanism, the hip joint needs novel design in priority. The hip mechanism of reciprocating gait orthosis (RGO) can only apply flexion/extension motion. The limitation leads to patients’ compensatory movement. So the mechanism needs to have the ability to adjust higher flexion-extension coupling ratio(FECR) automatically for different phases. First, we use Lagrange equation to establish simple human model. By substituting different initial conditions, the solution can be used to design higher hip coupling ratio mechanism which is better than conventional mechanism. In practical application, we investigate the real coupling ratio and the influence of 1:1 coupling ratio mechanism on normal people by motion analysis method. We find that the abnormal constrain may be one of the main reason of slow walking speed. Finally, we give suggestions for more mature mechanism which can work stably on subjects in the future.
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Books on the topic "Prosthetics and orthotics"

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1944-, Cook Thomas M., ed. Prosthetics & orthotics. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1990.

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J, D'Astous, Edelstein Joan M, and Nielsen Caroline C, eds. Orthotics and prosthetics in rehabilitation. Boston, Mass: Butterworth Heinemann, 2000.

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C, Nielsen Caroline, ed. Orthotics and prosthetics in rehabilitation. 2nd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders/Elsevier, 2007.

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Office, Orthotics &. Prosthetics National. Orthotics & prosthetics: Increasing opportunities for independence. Alexandria, Virginia: Orthotics & Prosthetics National Office, 1994.

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Great Britain. Department of Health. Prosthetist and orthotist: A career in the NHS for graduates in prosthetics and orthotics. London: Department of Health, 1997.

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Prosthetics and orthotics: Lower limb and spinal. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

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A, Lockard Margery, ed. Prosthetics and orthotics in clinical practice: A case study approach. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 2011.

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Gordner, Ronald L. Orthotics, prosthetics, & mobility aids: January 1989 through June 1993 : 2316 citations. Bethesda, Md. (8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda 20894): U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section, 1993.

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Gordner, Ronald L. Orthotics, prosthetics, & mobility aids: January 1989 through June 1993 : 2316 citations. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section, 1993.

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Gordner, Ronald L. Orthotics, prosthetics, & mobility aids: January 1989 through June 1993 : 2316 citations. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Prosthetics and orthotics"

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Mich, Patrice M., and Martin Kaufmann. "Veterinary Orthotics and Prosthetics." In Canine Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 265–93. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119380627.ch11.

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Nelson, Fred R. T., and Carolyn Taliaferro Blauvelt. "Prosthetics and Orthotics." In A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 189–207. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-22158-0.00007-x.

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Uustal, Heikki, Edgardo Baerga, and Jaclyn Joki. "Prosthetics and Orthotics." In Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Review. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/9781617052019.0006.

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Ebnezar, John, and Rakesh John. "Prosthetics and Orthotics." In Textbook of Orthopedics (Includes Clinical Examination Methods in Orthopedics), 778. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/13033_62.

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Nelson, Fred R. T., and Carolyn Taliaferro Blauvelt. "Prosthetics and Orthotics." In A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 173–90. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-04503-2.10007-6.

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Leung, Aaron, and Winson Lee. "Prosthetics and Orthotics." In Orthopaedic Biomechanics, 583–602. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13733-25.

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Nelson, Fred, and Carolyn Blauvelt. "Prosthetics and Orthotics." In A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 197–215. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-77590-8.00007-3.

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Arnaout, Firas. "Orthotics and prosthetics." In Postgraduate Orthopaedics, 559–66. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108686624.023.

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"Prosthetics and Orthotics." In Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering. Taylor & Francis, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420050325.ch10.

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Uustal, Heikki, Edgardo Baerga, Jaclyn Joki, Leslie Bagay, and Steven Markos. "Prosthetics and Orthotics." In Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Review. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/9780826134578.0006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Prosthetics and orthotics"

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Saravanan, Pratima, Charity Hipple, Jingxin Wang, Christopher McComb, and Jessica Menold. "Decision-Making in the Prescription of Orthotics and Prosthetics for Partial-Foot Amputees." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97470.

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Abstract Prosthetists face a daunting number of decisions that directly affect an amputee’s ability to walk and indirectly affect the overall quality of life of that amputee. In addition, the lack of resources in low-income countries provides a barrier to receive care after an amputation, and approximately 80% of amputees in low-income countries lack appropriate prosthetic care. In this research, we are motivated to understand what factors affect the decision-making strategies of prosthetists and podiatrists when prescribing prosthetics and orthotics to partial foot amputees. This work establishes a decision-making framework as a step towards automated methods that may reduce the complexities and decision-making burden of prosthetic prescription, ultimately increasing the efficiency of prosthetic prescription in low-resourced areas. A decision-making model is proposed based on an extensive literature review of over 100 papers. The proposed model is compared to qualitative data regarding decision-making strategies during prosthetic or orthotic prescription collected from nine prosthetists, surgeons, and other healthcare professionals directly involved in amputee care. Changes to the proposed model are described and future work exploring the role of automated methods to support decision-making in the context of prosthetics is discussed.
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Guang-kun Li, Fan Gao, and Zhi-gang Wang. "A photogrammetry-based system for 3D surface reconstruction of prosthetics and orthotics." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6092087.

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Munoz, J. C., R. Cassibba, R. Corrao, F. Montane, C. Adatto, and M. Vales Flores. "Identification of chemical elements present in daily materials in orthotics and prosthetics." In 2011 5th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismict.2011.5759819.

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Fisher, Keith B. "Extending the Useable Range of Active Orthotic Exoskeletons by Recapture of Walking Energy." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14302.

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Most people don’t think twice about the energy required for walking, except when interested in burning calories during exercise. However, someone needing to depend on active orthotics, or prosthetics, due to partial paralysis or other weakness of the lower extremities, would find energy efficiency of great interest if it meant the range of use was limited by the energy required to power the assistive devices.
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Coelho Figliolia, Amanda, Erica Tobaro, Gilberto Gonçalves, Hamilton Mello, Frode Eika Sandnes, and Fausto Orsi Medola. "The Influence of Filament Type and Number of Layers on Mechanical Resistance: Contributions for the Development of 3D Printed Prosthesis." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001588.

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3D printing has revolutionized the product development process in several areas including the healthcare field. In the context of assistive technologies, one of the main contributions includes personalizing the design of devices such as prostheses and orthotics. Assistive devices with personalized design may benefit users' acceptance and engagement to use, thus contributing to reducing product abandonment. Many studies have reported on the application of 3D printing (mainly FFF technology) in the design of prosthetics and orthotics, with a wide variation of filament materials and printing parameters. Understanding how these influence the mechanical resistance of the printed piece is therefore important as it may support the decision regarding the most appropriate printing parameters. This study was aimed at evaluating the mechanical properties of different types of filament and printing parameters applied in the manufacturing of 3D printed upper limb prosthesis. For this purpose, specimens were 3D printed in accordance with the international ASTM standards in six different conditions, varying the filament material (ABS, PLA and PETG) and number of layers (3 and 5). The specimens were subjected to mechanical tests to evaluate the flexural resistance and tensile strength. The results indicate that the mechanical performance of the parts was influenced by both the type of material and the number of layers, and PLA demonstrated higher mechanical properties compared to PETG and ABS. This study contributes to the design of 3D printed prosthetics by providing information that may support decision about filament type and printing parameters.
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Antolič, Staša, Soraya Bakaršič, Nikki Bilać, Nina Črček, Sunita Delić, Neja Draškovič, Miha Ferlič, et al. "Special Biomechanics at the 7th Socratic Lectures." In Socratic Lectures 7. University of Lubljana Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2022.d19.

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7th Socratic lectures featured plenary lecture of osteotomies for hip dysplasia, by prof. Duško Spasovski from Belgrade, Serbia and honorary lectures of Andreas Leithner, Graz, Austria and Marija Ipavec, Ljubljana, Slovenia. This was the final event for the students of the 1.st year of Orthotics and Prosthetics at the Faculty f Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, who during the curriculum of the subject Special biomechanics analyzed a series of X-ray images of hips before and after the operation that was supported by Erasmus student Honza Pluhar. In this way the students were actively participating in a multicenter research connecting four institutions (from Denmark, Serbia, Czech Republic and Slovenia). In the final event, the students provided their experiences with the HIPSTRESS method. Here we report on the teaching activities and the students' experiences. Keywords: Teaching biomechanics; HIPSTRESS; Online teaching; Online examination; Open book examination
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Saravanan, Pratima, Michael Walker, and Jessica Menold. "Developing Training Tools for Clinicians in LICs: Using Hidden Markov Modeling to Study the Decision-Making Strategies of Expert and Novice Prosthetists." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22144.

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Abstract Approximately, 40 million amputees reside in the rural parts of Low-Income Countries (LICs), and 95% of this population do not have proper access to prosthetic devices and rehabilitation services. A proper prosthetic prescription requires a clear understanding of the patient’s ambulation, goals, cultural and societal norms, locally available prosthetic materials, etc., which can be accomplished only by a local prosthetist. However, due to the lack of prosthetic schools and training centers in LICs, the rural parts lack well-trained amputee care providers. Hence there is a need to educate the prosthetists and prosthetic technicians in the LIC, specifically in the rural regions. To accomplish this, the current research proposes a decision-support tool to aid decision-making during prescription and educate prosthetists. A controlled study was conducted with expert and novice prosthetists to compare effective decision-making strategies. Results suggest that experts leverage distinct decision-making strategies when prescribing prosthetic and orthotic devices; in comparison, novices exhibited less consistent patterns of decision-making tendencies. By modeling the decision-making strategies of expert prosthetists, this work lays the foundation to develop an automated decision support tool to support decision-making for prosthetists in LICs, improving overall amputee care.
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Salazar-Salgado, Sara, and Elizabeth Rendón-Vélez. "Displacement of the Residual Limb Within Transfemoral Sockets: A Literature Review." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23416.

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Abstract According to the World Health Organization and the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics, between 0.5 to 0.8 percent of the global population has suffered limb amputations. In the last years, Colombia, Angola, Afghanistan, and Chechenia are the countries that have held the first places with the highest amount of landmine victims. In Colombia, this weapon has left more than 10.000 affected people, many of which have suffered traumatic lower limb amputation To recover some of the lost function, amputees are generally prescribed with a prosthesis. However, the adaptation of the user with this element depends on the comfort felt when using it and consequently, on the fit between the socket and the residual limb. The fit between these two elements is highly influenced by the relative motion between them (i.e. displacement, slip). Both excess of displacement or complete absence, have several negative consequences for the amputee. Thus, measuring displacement could be an important indicator of the quality of the socket and the suspension system, and could provide critical information to improve surgical interventions, the prescription of prosthetic elements and the design and development of new prosthetic components. Several authors have investigated this topic; however, the studies have been mostly conducted on transtibial amputees. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the gathered information about the displacement between the socket and residual limb in transfemoral amputees. A computer-aided systematic literature search was performed by two independent reviewers using three databases. The selected papers were evaluated with regards to: sample characteristics, displacement measurement instrument, measured activity, displacement axis, surfaces in contact, type of socket and type of suspension system used. Most of the studies were performed on less than five individuals with mature residual limbs and trauma caused amputation. The most common aspects of displacement were: imaging techniques (measurement instrument), gait (measured activity), vertical direction (displacement axis), bone/socket (surfaces in contact), quadrilateral (type of socket) and suction-based (suspension system). The optimal range of motion is still unknown for transfemoral amputees. A marker-based optical tracking system is promising for research purposes, while electronic sensors would be optimal for clinical use. Volume change may be an indirect and, more straightforward option to measure displacement. Further research is needed to determine the effect of using a modified socket, to find a way to measure relative motion inside the socket using marker-based optical tracking systems and to define the influence of subject-specific characteristics in the amount of displacement. A better understanding of what happens inside the socket helps to optimize prosthetic designs and to improve the amputee’s quality of life.
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Goulbourne, N. C., and S. Son. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of McKibben Actuators and Dielectric Elastomer Sensors." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42495.

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Fiber-reinforced pneumatic actuators have the potential to enable the continually evolving technological fields of flexible control surfaces for aircrafts or aquatic vehicles, compliant limbs and graspers for robots, prosthetics, orthotics, and other human-augmenting systems. The McKibben actuator is a pneumatically actuated cylindrical construct consisting of a flexible rubber bladder sheathed in a fiber network, which garners its impressive contracting force from the inextensible fibers that prevent axial extension when an inflation pressure is applied to the internal bladder. The relationship between the axial deformation and contraction force can be accurately modeled using a large deformation continuum model. Our approach is based on the work of Kydoniefs and Matsikoudi-Iliopoulou. Specifically, numerical solutions are obtained by assuming an Ogden strain energy function for the actuator. The deformed shape of the membrane, the fiber angle and the stress components of the membrane and the fibers are predicted by using the initial shape and elastic material parameters. In this paper, a comparison between experimental and numerical modeling results are compared for various actuator geometries. Furthermore, placing a cylindrical dielectric elastomer sensor in direct contact with the inner surface of the McKibben actuator could facilitate in situ monitoring of actuator strains. To illustrate this principle, an experimental setup was developed to measure the changing capacitance of a cylindrical dielectric elastomer sensor as a function of axial extension. A comparison of the predicted and the measured response provides validation of a proposed numerical model. The effects of the dimensions of the sensor on the sensitivity of capacitance measurements are investigated in this paper.
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ROSICKY, Jiri, Ales GRYGAR, Petr CHAPCAK, Tomas BOUMA, and Jan ROSICKY. "Application of 3D Scanning in Prosthetic and Orthotic Clinical Practice." In 7th International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 30 Nov.-1 Dec. 2016. Ascona, Switzerland: Hometrica Consulting - Dr. Nicola D'Apuzzo, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15221/16.088.

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Reports on the topic "Prosthetics and orthotics"

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Norfolk, Christopher. Prosthetics & Orthotics Manufacturing Initiative (POMI). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada578066.

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Norfolk, Christopher W., and Jon Osborn. Prosthetics and Orthotics Manufacturing Initiative (POMI) Phase Zero Final Report: Recommendations on Composite Socket Fabrication Based upon Experimental Results. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada558558.

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Hornbeak, Scott. Program Evaluation of Outcomes Based Orthotic and Prosthetic Education. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612172.

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Hornbeak, Scott. Program Evaluation of Outcomes Based Orthotic and Prosthetic Education. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612173.

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