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Scardino, Peter T. "IL3 Surgical Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer(IL)." Japanese Journal of Urology 97, no. 2 (2006): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.97.86.
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Vojinov, Sasa, Goran Marusic, Ivan Levakov, and Jelena Popadic-Gacesa. "Influence of hormonal therapy on the level of prostate specific antigen in patients with advanced prostatic cancer." Medical review 63, no. 7-8 (2010): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1008479v.
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% Karcinomi prostate % Antagonisti androgena % Kastracija % Testosteron % Luteinizirajuci hormone AB Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of androgen blockades on prostate specific antigen (PSA) values in patients with locally advanced and metastatic prostatic cancer. Material and methods. The research was conducted on 60 patients. The group of 45 patients with prostatic cancer was divided into 3 subgroups, based on the type of the applied treatment protocol (15 patients on monotherapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists, 15 patients on total androgen blockade and 15 patients on monotherapy with antiandrogen). The control group consisted of 15 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. For all patients, the values of testosteron, luteinizing hormone and prostate specific antigen were monitored before as well as after 3 and 6 months during the treatment protocol. Results. All types of the applied treatment protocols in the therapy of prostatic cancer decreased the values of prostate specific antigen significantly The application of total androgen blockade and monotherapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists decreased the levels of prostate specific antigen significantly in comparison with monotherapy with antiandrogen. Conclusion. Although prostate specific antigen is not a prostatic cancer specific parameter, the dynamics of its decrease during the therapy of androgen blockade represents a significant marker of the therapy effect. Cilj rada je bio da se ispita uticaj androgenih blokada na vrednosti prostata specificnog antigena kod bolesnika sa lokalno uznapredovalim i metastatskim karcinomom prostate. Ispitivani uzorak se sastojao od 60 bolesnika. Grupa od 45 bolesnika sa karcinomom prostate bila je podeljena na tri podgrupe, u zavisnosti od primenjenog terapijskog protokola (15 bolesnika na monoterapiji agonistima luteinizirajuceg rilizing hormona, 15 bolesnika na totalnoj androgenoj blokadi i 15 bolesnika na monoterapiji antindrogenom). Kontrolnu grupu cinilo je 15 pacijenata sa benignom hiperplazijom prostate. Svim pacijentima su pracene vrednosti testosterona, luteinizirajuceg hormona i prostata specificnog antigena neposredno pre, kao i tri, to jest sest meseci nakon uvodjenja odgovarajuceg protokola. Sve tri vrste primenjenih terapijskih protokola u lecenju karcinoma prostate statisticki su znatno snizavale vrednosti prostata specificnog antigena u odnosu na pocetne vrednosti. Primena totalne androgene blokade i monoterapije agonistima luteinizirajuceg rilizing hormona dovela je do statisticki znatnog snizenja vrednosti prostata specificnog antigena u poredjenju sa monoterapijom antiandrogenom. Iako prostata specificni antigen nije specifican marker za karcinom prostate, dinamika njegove promene u toku androgene blokade predstavlja bitan pokazatelj terapijskog efekta.
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Ulys, Albertas, Alvydas Vėželis, Andrius Ivanauskas, and Marius Snicorius. "Treatment methods of prostate cancer recurrence after radiotherapy. Current treatment alternatives and our clinical experience." Lietuvos chirurgija 12, no. 3 (January 1, 2013): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2013.3.1840.
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Background / objectiveProstate cancer is the most common cancer among men of Lithuania. Every year about 3000 new cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed in our country. Many patients receive radiotherapy as primary treatment. Unfortunately, after several years some of the patients are diagnosed with prostate cancer recurrence. These cases are more challenging and require to apply salvage treatment methods. The aim of this article is to present our clinical experience and discuss the main features, advantages and disadvantages of the treatment methods.Patients and methodsRetrospective analysis of 10 salvage prostate cancer recurrence treatment cases was completed. All patients previously received radiotherapy as primary treatment. 5 patients received salvage high- dose brachiterapy (group 1) and other 5- salvage cryotherapy (group 2). Prostate cancer recurrences were diagnosed by multiparametric MRI and ultrasound guided transrectal or transperineal biopsies.ResultsAverage patient age was 64,2±7,9 years in group 1 and 68±3,1 years in group 2. None of the patients had prostate cancer progression to lymph nodes (N) or metastases (M) on initial diagnosis or before salvage treatment. No intraoperative complications were observed. Average time between radiotherapy and salvage therapy in both groups was 88,9±30,1 months. In both groups 1 patient suffered from salvage treatment failure- prostate cancer progression was observed.ConclusionsCurrently there is no perfect treatment method for recurrent prostate cancer. Every situation requires universal aproach. Our initial experience shows that salvage cryotherapy and brachiterapy can be a viable alternative for patients with disease progression after radiotherapy.Key words: prostate cancer, prostate cancer recurrence, salvage treatment.Prostatos vėžio recidyvų po spindulinės terapijos gydymo metodaiŠiuolaikinėje medicinoje naudojami metodai ir mūsų klinikinė patirtis Įvadas / tikslasLietuvoje kasmet nustatoma apie 3000 naujų prostatos vėžio atvejų. Daugeliui pacientų taikomas spindulinis gydymas. Deja, praėjus keletui metų, kai kuriems pacientams diagnozuojamas prostatos vėžio recidyvavimas. Šiuo metu yra daug gydymometodų, bet dažnai iškyla problemų pasirenkant optimalų. Šio straipsnio tikslas – pasidalinti mūsų klinikine patirtimi bei apžvelgti prostatos vėžio recidyvų po spindulinės terapijos gydymo alternatyvas.Pacientai ir metodaiRetrospektyviai buvo išanalizuota dešimt pacientų, kuriems po pirminio gydymo radioterapija buvo diagnozuotas prostatos vėžio recidyvavimas. 5 pacientai buvo gydomi didelių dozių brachiterapija (1 grupė), o likusiems 5 buvo skirta krioterapija(2 grupė). Prostatos vėžio recidyvai diagnozuoti multiparametriniu kontroliuojant MRT ir ultragarsu atliktomis transrektalinėmis ir transperinealinėmis prostatos biopsijomis.RezultataiPirmoje grupėje vidutinis pacientų amžius buvo 64,2±7,9 metų, o antroje grupėje 68±3,1. Nė vienam pacientui nebuvo nustatytas prostatos vėžio išplitimas į limfmazgius (N) ar metastazavimas (M). Intraoperacinių komplikacijų nepasitaikė. Vidutiniškaitarp pirminės radioterapijos ir gelbstinčio prostatos vėžio recidyvavimo gydymo praėjo 88,9±30,1 mėnesio. Gelbstintis prostatos vėžio recidyvavimo gydymas buvo nesėkmingas dviem atvejais – po vieną atvejį abiejose grupėse.IšvadosŠiuo metu nėra tobulo gydymo tų pacientų, kuriems prostatos vėžys recidyvavo po spindulinio gydymo. Tokiais atvejais reikalingi unikalūs sprendimai. Mūsų nedidelė pirmoji patirtis rodo, jog gelbstinčioji krioterapija ir brachiterapija – tinkami metodaigydyti pacientams, kuriems recidyvavo prostatos vėžys po spindulinės terapijos.Reikšminiai žodžiai: prostatos vėžys, prostatos vėžio recidyvai, gelbstintis gydymas.
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Kucuk, Omer, Fazlul H. Sarkar, Wael Sakr, Fred Khachik, Zora Djuric, Mousumi Banerjee, Michael N. Pollak, John S. Bertram, and David P. Wood. "Lycopene in the treatment of prostate cancer." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 8 (January 1, 2002): 1443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274081443.
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Dietary intake of lycopene is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (PCa). We conducted a clinical trial in men with prostate cancer to investigate the biological and clinical effects of lycopene supplementation. Twenty-six men with prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive a lycopene supplement or no supplement for three weeks before radical prostatectomy. Subjects in the intervention group (n = 15) were instructed to take a tomato oleoresin extract soft gel capsule (Lyc-O-Mato®, LycoRed Company, Beer Sheva, Israel) containing 15 mg lycopene, 1.5 mg phytoene, 1.5 mg phytofluene, and 5 mg tocopherol twice daily with meals. Prostatectomy specimens were evaluated for pathologic stage, Gleason score, volume of cancer, and extent of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). Biomarkers of cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by Western blot analysis in benign and cancerous tissue samples obtained from the prostatectomy specimens. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA oxidation product 5-hydroxymethyl-deoxyuridine (5-OH-mdU). Plasma levels of lycopene, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were measured at baseline and after three weeks of study period. After the intervention, more men in the intervention group had smaller (<4 cc) tumors, organ-confined disease without involvement of surgical margins or extra-prostatic tissues, and focal involvement of the prostate with HGPIN compared to the control group. Mean plasma PSA levels were lower in the intervention group compared to the control group. This pilot study suggests that a tomato extract containing lycopene and other tomato carotenoids and phytochemicals may have a potential role in the treatment of prostate cancer. Larger clinical trials are necessary to definitively address potential uses of lycopene or tomato extract in the prevention or treatment of prostate cancer.
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deKernion, Jean B. "IL-2 Progress in Research and Treatment of Prostate Cancer." Japanese Journal of Urology 98, no. 2 (2007): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.98.54.
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Xu, Huan, Yanbo Chen, Meng Gu, Chong Liu, Qi Chen, Ming Zhan, and Zhong Wang. "Fatty Acid Metabolism Reprogramming in Advanced Prostate Cancer." Metabolites 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110765.
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Prostate cancer (PCa) is a carcinoma in which fatty acids are abundant. Fatty acid metabolism is rewired during PCa development. Although PCa can be treated with hormone therapy, after prolonged treatment, castration-resistant prostate cancer can develop and can lead to increased mortality. Changes to fatty acid metabolism occur systemically and locally in prostate cancer patients, and understanding these changes may lead to individualized treatments, especially in advanced, castration-resistant prostate cancers. The fatty acid metabolic changes are not merely reflective of oncogenic activity, but in many cases, these represent a critical factor in cancer initiation and development. In this review, we analyzed the literature regarding systemic changes to fatty acid metabolism in PCa patients and how these changes relate to obesity, diet, circulating metabolites, and peri-prostatic adipose tissue. We also analyzed cellular fatty acid metabolism in prostate cancer, including fatty acid uptake, de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid elongation, and oxidation. This review broadens our view of fatty acid switches in PCa and presents potential candidates for PCa treatment and diagnosis.
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Dehn, Tom. "Prostate Cancer Treatment." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 88, no. 5 (September 2006): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588406x117133.
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Markovic, B., Z. Markovic, J. Filimonovic, and J. Hadzi-Djokic. "New generation urethral stents in treatment bladder outlet obstruction caused by prostate cancer." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 52, no. 4 (2005): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0504089m.
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Our clinical trial included until now, 22 patients in whom new generation urethral stent named Allium, were inserted due to bladder outlet obstruction caused in 7 patients (pt) with benign prostae hyperplasia, in 13 pt with bulbar urethral stricture of different ethiology and in 2 pt with prostate cancer. Allium prostatic stents, designed by Daniel Yachia differs in some crucial characteristics from previously used stents: they are covered for the first time in urethra stenting history, without relatively low radiation force and because of that nonirritative. the indications, contraindications and preliminary results in this study are discussed concerning the patients with cancer of the prostate.
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Bartzatt, Ronald. "Prostate Cancer: Biology, Incidence, Detection Methods, Treatment Methods, and Vaccines." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 10 (May 19, 2020): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026620666200224100730.
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Cancer of the prostate are cancers in which most incidences are slow-growing, and in the U.S., a record of 1.2 million new cases of prostate cancer occurred in 2018. The rates of this type of cancer have been increasing in developing nations. The risk factors for prostate cancer include age, family history, and obesity. It is believed that the rate of prostate cancer is correlated with the Western diet. Various advances in methods of radiotherapy have contributed to lowering morbidity. Therapy for hormone- refractory prostate cancer is making progress, for almost all men with metastases will proceed to hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Smoking cigarettes along with the presence of prostate cancer has been shown to cause a higher risk of mortality in prostate cancer. The serious outcome of incontinence and erectile dysfunction result from the cancer treatment of surgery and radiation, particularly for prostate- specific antigen detected cancers that will not cause morbidity or mortality. Families of patients, as well as patients, are profoundly affected following the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Poor communication between spouses during prostate cancer increases the risk for poor adjustment to prostate cancer. The use of serum prostate-specific antigen to screen for prostate cancer has led to a greater detection, in its early stage, of this cancer. Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in American men, accounting for more than 29% of all diagnosed cancers and about 13% of all cancer deaths. A shortened course of hormonal therapy with docetaxel following radical prostatectomy (or radiation therapy) for high-risk prostate cancer has been shown to be both safe and feasible. Patients treated with docetaxel-estramustine had a prostate-specific antigen response decline of at least 50%. Cancer vaccines are an immune-based cancer treatment that may provide the promise of a non-toxic but efficacious therapeutic alternative for cancer patients. Further studies will elucidate improved methods of detection and treatment.
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Krušlin, Božo, Lucija Škara, Tonći Vodopić, Borna Vrhovec, Jure Murgić, Goran Štimac, Ana Fröbe, Cvjetko Lež, Monika Ulamec, and Koraljka Gall-Trošelj. "Genetics of Prostate Carcinoma." Acta Medica Academica 50, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.327.
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<p>The aim of this review is to provide a brief overview of some current approaches regarding diagnostics, pathologic features, treatment, and genetics of prostate carcinoma (PCa). Prostate carcinoma is the most common visceral tumor and the second most common cancer-related cause of death in males. Clinical outcomes for patients with localized prostate cancer are excellent, but despite advances in prostate cancer treatments, castrate-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic prostate cancer patients have a poor prognosis. Advanced large-scale genomic studies revealed a large number of genetic alterations in prostate cancer. The meaning of these alterations needs to be validated in the specific prostate cancer molecular subtype context. Along these lines, there is a critical need for establishing genetically engineered mouse models, which would include speckle type BTB/POZ protein and isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP (+)) 1 mutant, as well as androgen receptor neuroendocrine subtypes of prostate cancer. Another urgent need is developing highly metastatic prostate cancer models, as only up to 17% of available models dis- play bone metastases and exhibit a less typical neuroendocrine prostate cancer or sarcomatoid carcinoma. Moreover, androgen deprivation and relapse should be mimicked in the genetically engineered mouse models, as androgen independence may yield a better model for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. The development of such refined animal models should be guid- ed by comparative genomics of primary versus corresponding metastatic tumors. Such an approach will have the potential to illuminate the key genetic events associated with specific molecular prostate cancer subsets and indicate directions for effective therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>. Despite excellent results in the treatment of localized prostatic carcinoma, castrate-resistant prostate can- cer and metastatic prostate cancer have a poor prognosis. Advanced large-scale genomic studies revealed a large number of ge- netic alterations in PCa. Experimental models of prostate carcinoma in genetically modified mice could provide new data about the genetic changes in such cancers and help in developing better animal models for treatment resistant prostate carcinomas.</p>
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Woodrum, David A., Akira Kawashima, Krzysztof R. Gorny, and Lance A. Mynderse. "Magnetic Resonance–Guided Prostate Ablation." Seminars in Interventional Radiology 36, no. 05 (December 2019): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697001.
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AbstractIn 2019, the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 174,650 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed and 31,620 will die due to the prostate cancer in the United States. Prostate cancer is often managed with aggressive curative intent standard therapies including radiotherapy or surgery. Regardless of how expertly done, these standard therapies often bring significant risk and morbidity to the patient's quality of life with potential impact on sexual, urinary, and bowel functions. Additionally, improved screening programs, using prostatic-specific antigen and transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic biopsy, have identified increasing numbers of low-risk, low-grade “localized” prostate cancer. The potential, localized, and indolent nature of many prostate cancers presents a difficult decision of when to intervene, especially within the context of the possible comorbidities of aggressive standard treatments. Active surveillance has been increasingly instituted to balance cancer control versus treatment side effects; however, many patients are not comfortable with this option. Although active debate continues on the suitability of either focal or regional therapy for the low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients, no large consensus has been achieved on the adequate management approach. Some of the largest unresolved issues are prostate cancer multifocality, limitations of current biopsy strategies, suboptimal staging by accepted imaging modalities, less than robust prediction models for indolent prostate cancers, and safety and efficiency of the established curative therapies following focal therapy for prostate cancer. In spite of these restrictions, focal therapy continues to confront the current paradigm of therapy for low- and even intermediate-risk disease. It has been proposed that early detection and proper characterization may play a role in preventing the development of metastatic disease. There is level-1 evidence supporting detection and subsequent aggressive treatment of intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer. Therefore, accurate assessment of cancer risk (i.e., grade and stage) using imaging and targeted biopsy is critical. Advances in prostate imaging with MRI and PET are changing the workup for these patients, and advances in MR-guided biopsy and therapy are propelling prostate treatment solutions forward faster than ever.
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Nash, GF, KJ Turner, T. Hickish, J. Smith, M. Chand, and BJ Moran. "Interactions in the aetiology, presentation and management of synchronous and metachronous adenocarcinoma of the prostate and rectum." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 94, no. 7 (October 2012): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588412x13373405384611.
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Adenocarcinoma of the prostate and rectum are common male pelvic cancers and may present synchronously or metachronously and, due to their anatomic proximity. The treatment of rectal or prostate cancer (in particular surgery and/or radiotherapy) may alter the presentation, incidence and management should a metachronous tumour develop. This review focuses on the interaction between prostatic and rectal cancer diagnosis and management. We have restricted the scope of this large topic to general considerations, management of rectal cancer after prostate cancer treatment and vice versa, management of synchronous disease and cancer follow-up issues.
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Šukys, Deimantas, Sergejus Gaižauskas, Robert Jankovski, Andrius Gaižauskas, and Edgaras Stankevičius. "Prostatos biopsija, kontroliuojama transrektaliniu ultragarsu." Lietuvos chirurgija 3, no. 4 (January 1, 2005): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2005.4.2289.
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Deimantas Šukys1, Sergejus Gaižauskas1, Robert Jankovski1, Andrius Gaižauskas1, Edgaras Stankevičius21 Vilniaus greitosios pagalbosuniversitetinės ligoninėsBendrosios chirurgijos centras,Šiltnamių g. 29, LT-04130 VilniusEl paštas: deimasukys@centras.lt2 Kauno medicinos universitetoFiziologijos katedra,A. Mickevičiaus g. 9, Kaunas Prostata yra viena dažniausių vėžio lokalizacijų vyrams. Prostatos biopsija, kontroliuojama transrektiniu ultragarsu, yra pagrindinis metodas diagnozuojant prostatos vėžį ir pasirenkant gydymo taktiką. Pagrindinės indikacijos atlikti biopsiją yra PSA > 4 ng/ml ir pirštu čiuopiami prostatos karcinomai būdingi pakitimai. Yra pasiūlyta daug prostatos biopsijos atlikimo metodikų. Įrodyta, jog vietoje klasikinės sekstantinės biopsijos taikant daugiau mėginių turinčias ir labiau į periferinę prostatos zoną orientuotas schemas, randama iki 30% daugiau prostatos vėžio atvejų. Atliekant daugiau mėginių, tampa aktuali nuskausminimo problema. Dar nėra visuotinai priimtų prostatos biopsijos indikacijų ir jos atlikimo schemos. Reikšminiai žodžiai: prostatos vėžys, prostatos biopsija Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies Deimantas Šukys1, Sergejus Gaižauskas1, Robert Jankovski1, Andrius Gaižauskas1, Edgaras Stankevičius21 Center of General Surgery,Vilnius Emergency Hospital,Šiltnamių str. 29,LT-04130 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: deimasukys@centras.lt2 Department of Physiology,Kaunas Medical University,A. Mickevičiaus str. 9,LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent cancer localizations in men. Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is the main method in prostate cancer diagnostics and deciding tactics of treatment. The main indications for prostate biopsy are PSA over 4 ng/ml and characteristic palpable lesions. There are a lot of methods to perform prostate biopsy. It is proven that using multicore schemes directed closer to the peripheral zone of the prostate instead of the classic sextant prostate biopsy increases prostate cancer detection by up to 30%. Anesthesia becomes the problem when performing more extended biopsies. So far, there is no strict generally adopted indications and prostate biopsy performing schemes. Keywords: prostate cancer, prostate biopsy
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Suresh, Kishanrao. "Prostate health in India (BPH & Prostate Cancer)." Archives of Cancer Science and Therapy 6, no. 1 (September 3, 2022): 009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.acst.1001028.
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The prostate gland, found only in men, is an extremely important organ of the reproductive system, but it is not taken care of adequately, leading to prostate inflammation and benign hypertrophy or even cancer. Benign prostate enlargement compresses urine flow through the urethra, leading to uncomfortable urinary symptoms. Hyperplasia increases the risk of bladder stones, urinary tract infections, and kidney problems. In India prevalence of Benign Prostrate Hyperplasia (BPH) is around 50% of men by the age of 60 years. Studies suggest that benign prostatic hyperplasia is a result of the disproportion between oestrogen & testosterone. A higher proportion of oestrogen within the prostate boosts the growth of prostate cells. The management of BPH is streamlined in recent times and the majority are on medical treatment. Prostate cancers are one of the cancers showing a significant increase in incidence along with mouth and kidney and lung cancers among the male population. With an estimated population of 1400 million and about 98 million males over 50 years of age in mid-2022 and the average life expectancy increasing 68.4 years, has a bearing on the changing incidence and pattern of prostate cancer in the current decade in India. Based on the five population-based cancer registries in 2009-10, the age-adjusted annual incidence rates per lakh population of prostate cancers were highest in Delhi (10.2) followed by Bengaluru (8.7), Mumbai (7.3), Chennai (7) and Bhopal (6.1). Cancer can co-exist with BPH. Prostate cancer management is still in the development stage with a 5-year life expectancy of around 64%. The prostate is the second leading site of cancer among males in large Indian cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Pune, and Thiruvananthapuram, and the third leading site of cancer in cities like Bangalore and Mumbai. Despite the limitations of diagnosis, the annual cancer incidence rate ranges from 5.0-9.1 per 100,000/year, as compared to the rates in the United States and other developed countries of 110 &180 for whites and blacks respectively. This article is a review of Prostate health in India based on a personal observation of around 183 cases by the author in the last 10 years. Materials & methods: This is an observational study report of three cohorts of men across the country. The sample was of people encountering the author. The sample included i) 69 septuagenarians plus ii) 30 senior citizens aged 60 - 70 years and iii) 84 men in 40 – 60 - year age groups over the last decade. The data source was sharing annual check-up reports or consultation report in person for seeking 2nd opinion. A minimum of 2 consultations, first when diagnosed and the recent between July 2021 to June 2022.
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Wardecki, Dawid, and Malgorzata Dołowy. "Prostate cancer - current treatment options." Farmacja Polska 78, no. 5 (July 15, 2022): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/farmpol/152041.
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Rocca, Bruno Jim, Alessandro Ginori, Aurora Barone, Calogera Calandra, Filippo Crivelli, Giulia De Falco, Sara Gazaneo, et al. "Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: Correlation with Tumor Grading and Treatment-Related Changes." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/985950.
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Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. The androgen deprivation therapy is the standard treatment for advanced stages. Unfortunately, virtually all tumors become resistant to androgen withdrawal. The progression to castration-resistance is not fully understood, although a recent paper has suggested translationally controlled tumor protein to be implicated in the process. The present study was designed to investigate the role of this protein in prostate cancer, focusing on the correlation between its expression level with tumor differentiation and response to treatment. We retrieved 292 prostatic cancer specimens; of these 153 had been treated only by radical prostatectomy and 139 had undergone radical prostatectomy after neoadjuvant treatment with combined androgen blockade therapy. Non-neoplastic controls were represented by 102 prostatic peripheral zone specimens. In untreated patients, the expression of the protein, evaluated by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, was significantly higher in tumor specimens than in non-neoplastic control, increasing as Gleason pattern and score progressed. In treated prostates, the staining was correlated with the response to treatment. An association between protein expression and the main clinicopathological factors involved in prostate cancer aggressiveness was identified. These findings suggest that the protein may be a promising prognostic factor and a target for therapy.
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Plichta, Kristin A., Stephen A. Graves, and John M. Buatti. "Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Theranostics for Treatment of Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 12095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212095.
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Theranostics, a combination of therapy and diagnostics, is a field of personalized medicine involving the use of the same or similar radiopharmaceutical agents for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising theranostic target for the treatment of prostate cancers. Diagnostic PSMA radiopharmaceuticals are currently used for staging and diagnosis of prostate cancers, and imaging can predict response to therapeutic PSMA radiopharmaceuticals. While mainly used in the setting of metastatic, castrate-resistant disease, clinical trials are investigating the use of PSMA-based therapy at earlier stages, including in hormone-sensitive or hormone-naïve prostate cancers, and in oligometastatic prostate cancers. This review explores the use of PSMA as a theranostic target and investigates the potential use of PSMA in earlier stage disease, including hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer, and oligometastatic prostate cancer.
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Rahman, Md Tahminur, and ATM Mowladad Chowdhury. "Prostate Cancer." Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 7, no. 2 (February 18, 2017): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v7i2.31644.
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Prostate cancer is the number one cancer by incidence in males of increasing age & second by mortality throughout the world. Many known etiological factors are associated with increased risk of prostatic carcinoma including male hormone & its active metabolites, genetic predisposition (BRCA2, inherited polymorphism of some transcription factors), racial difference, environmental factors, food habits etc, Recently an association of importance has been given to molecular level changes; inflammatory cytokines, trace elements like zinc with prostate cancer. Diagnostic modalities & treatment facilities are important for better management & giving improved quality of life to the patients. The present review article highlights some of these findings on prostate cancer namely genetic factors, Highfatty diet, Hormone, medication, sexual activity, inflammatory cytokines, trace element zinc, PSA. These will lead to in hand better understanding of the pathophysiology of prostate cancer.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 7, No. 2: Jul 2016, P 36-44
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Biroccio, Annamaria, and Carlo Leonetti. "Telomerase as a new target for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer." Endocrine-Related Cancer 11, no. 3 (September 2004): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.00764.
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Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Androgen ablation is the mainstay of treatment for advanced prostate cancer. This therapy is very effective in androgen-dependent cancer; however, these cancers eventually become androgen independent, rendering anti-androgen therapy ineffective. The exploration of novel modalities of treatment is therefore essential to improve the prognosis of this neoplasia. Telomeres are specialized heterochromatin structures that act as protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. Telomere maintenance in the majority of tumor cells is achieved by telomerase, a reverse transcriptase enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of further telomeric DNA. Telomerase is detected in the majority of prostate cancers, but not in normal or benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue. Moreover, the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene, the catalytic subunit of telomerase, is regulated by androgens as well as by different oncogenes including Her-2, Ras, c-Myc and Bcl-2, which seem to play an important role in prostate cancer progression. Thus, telomerase may represent a very good candidate for targeted therapy in prostate tumors. To inhibit telomere maintenance by telomerase, approaches that directly target either telomerase and telomeres or the telomerase regulatory mechanisms have been used. Moreover, strategies targeting telomerase-positive cells as a means to directly kill the tumor cells have been tested. This review summarizes the most promising results achieved by anti-telomerase strategy in different solid tumors. Most of the telomeraseassociated therapies described here have proved very promising for the treatment of prostate cancer. On the basis of the good results obtained and considering the multigenic defects of human tumors, including prostate cancer, the combination of anti-telomerase strategies with conventional drugs and/or molecules capable of interfering with oncogenic pathways could efficiently improve the response of this neoplasia.
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Kuriyama, Manabu. "Prostate-Specific Antigen in Prostate Cancer." International Journal of Biological Markers 1, no. 2 (May 1986): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460088600100202.
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Prostate-specific antigen (PA) has been evaluated clinically as a tumor marker of prostate cancer with the use of enzyme immunoassay (EIA). For serodetection of prostate cancer, PA was assayed in a total of 1,109 sera. From mean ± 3 S.D. of normal controls, upper cut-off values in males were decided as 2.5 and 1.2 ng/ml in Americans and Japanese, respectively. Serum PA values in prostate cancer patients were positive in 78% of Americans and 62% of Japanese. However, in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) cases, a high false positive rate of 41% was observed in Americans. Simultaneous assays of serum PA and PAP showed high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of prostate cancer. This antigen could be used, as well as PAP, for monitoring prostate cancer patients. Furthermore, serum PA levels prior to treatment may express to some degree the malignant potential of the cancer. These results suggest that PA may be useful as a tumor marker of prostate cancer.
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Basavaraj, Dr Rashmi G. S., and Dr Ravikumar Malladad. "Association of serum prostate-specific antigen with Complete Blood Counts in patients with prostatic cancer." Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 7, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2021.i04.02.
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Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and one of the most leadingcauses of death in men worldwide. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a screening methodshowed that there has been a slight decrease in prostate cancer mortality. Effective biomarkers inscreening and diagnosis would be beneficial for avoiding unnecessary operations. The predictive andprognostic value of complete blood count (CBC) has been manifested by recent studies. We aimed todetermine the association of serum PSA with Complete blood counts in patients with prostate cancer.Method: The present study included 100 subjects, 50 patients diagnosed with new prostate cancerand 50 patients with prostate cancer. All the was undertaken in the central diagnostic laboratory atVIMS and RC. Blood samples were collected from all the subjects after taken permission from theinstitutional ethics committee and consent form. The haemoglobin, RBCs, MCV, MCHC, RDW will beanalysed by using laboratory standard methods (Beckman coulter LH-780) and The serum PSAlevels are estimated by commercially available kits based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results: In the present study found significantly elevated levels of a prostate specificantigen in both groups of prostatic cancer patients. The reduced levels of hemoglobin, red bloodcells, platelets, neutrophils were observed in prostatic cancer patients when compared to newlydiagnosed prostate cancer patients. The PSA levels were negatively correlated with total bloodcounts. Conclusion: This study suggests that the elevated levels of prostate specific antigen wereuseful for diagnosis and prognosis of prostatic cancers, along with the monitoring of complete bloodcount may be useful for the treatment of patients with prostatic cancers.
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Bunck, Alexander C., Daniel Pinto dos Santos, De-Hua Chang, Marcel Reiser, David Pfister, Anne Bunck, Alexander Drzezga, David Maintz, and Matthias Schmidt. "Successful Yttrium-90 Microsphere Radioembolization for Hepatic Metastases of Prostate Cancer." Case Reports in Oncology 10, no. 2 (July 11, 2017): 627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000478004.
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Prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor malignancy worldwide with an estimated 180,000 new cases of prostate cancer and 26,000 deaths in the USA in 2016. Although significant advances in the treatment of prostate cancer have recently been made, the treatment of metastatic disease remains a challenge. With visceral metastases marking more advanced tumor stages, liver involvement is associated with the worst prognosis. So far, no locoregional treatment regimens for the management of liver metastases of prostatic cancer exist. Herein, we report for the first time a successful treatment of hepatic metastases of prostatic cancer using radioembolization with selective intra-arterial administration of Yttrium-90 resin microspheres.
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Jakobsen, Niels Asger, Freddie Charles Hamdy, and Richard John Bryant. "Novel biomarkers for the detection of prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Urology 9, no. 2_suppl (December 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415816656121.
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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used as a biomarker in the detection of prostate cancer and for decision making regarding treatment options, response to therapy, and clinical follow-up. Despite its widespread use, it is well recognised that PSA has suboptimal performance as a screening tool due to poor specificity, resulting in high negative biopsy rates and potential ‘over-diagnosis’ and ‘over-treatment’ of clinically insignificant cancers. In particular, PSA does not reliably distinguish either cancer from benign prostatic conditions, or ‘clinically significant’ from ‘indolent cancers’, and it is inaccurate in predicting disease burden and response to treatment. There is an urgent demand for novel biomarkers to address these clinical needs. This article provides an update on the novel candidate biomarkers in development, which have shown potential for improving the detection of clinically significant cases of this malignancy.
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Wolf, Andrew M. D. "Prostate Cancer Treatment Choices." Annals of Internal Medicine 159, no. 6 (September 17, 2013): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-6-201309170-00018.
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Repetto, Lazzaro M., Angela Marie Abbatecola, and Giuseppe Paolisso. "Prostate Cancer Treatment Choices." Annals of Internal Medicine 159, no. 6 (September 17, 2013): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-6-201309170-00019.
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Romics, Imre. "Treatment of prostate cancer." Orvosi Hetilap 151, no. 14 (April 1, 2010): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2010.28810.
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Carlson, Robert H. "Advanced Prostate Cancer Treatment." Oncology Times 25, no. 16 (August 2003): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0000291033.25595.cb.
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Henry, R. Y., and D. O'mahony. "Treatment of prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 24, no. 2 (April 1999): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2710.1999.00207.x.
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&NA;. "Advanced Prostate Cancer Treatment." Nurse Practitioner 30, no. 4 (April 2005): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-200504000-00017.
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Melamed, Andra J. "Correction: prostate cancer treatment." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 21, no. 10 (October 1987): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808702101020.
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Postma, R. "Treatment of prostate cancer." Annals of Oncology 17 (September 2006): x207—x210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdl261.
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Tsivian, Matvey, Michael R. Abern, and Thomas J. Polascik. "Prostate cancer treatment unblinded." Lancet Oncology 13, no. 6 (June 2012): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70136-5.
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Auchus, Richard J., and Nima Sharifi. "Sex Hormones and Prostate Cancer." Annual Review of Medicine 71, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-051418-060357.
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The prostate is an androgen-dependent organ that develops only in male mammals. Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Metastatic prostate cancer initially retains its androgen dependence, and androgen-deprivation therapy often leads to disease control; however, the cancer inevitably progresses despite treatment as castration-resistant prostate cancer, the lethal form of the disease. Although it was assumed that the cancer became androgen independent during this transition, studies over the last two decades have shown that these tumors evade treatment via mechanisms that augment acquisition of androgens from circulating precursors, increase sensitivity to androgens and androgen precursors, bypass the androgen receptor, or a combination of these mechanisms. This review summarizes the history of prostate cancer research leading to the contemporary view of androgen dependence for prostate cancers and the current treatment approaches based on this modern paradigm.
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Franc, Benjamin L., Yonggang Cui, Seth A. Rosenthal, Tammie Johnston, Uday Poonamallee, Jason B. Wiesner, Kristen MN Vandewalker, Youngho Seo, Terrance Lall, and Ralph James. "Improved techniques to localize foci of carcinoma within the prostate using high-resolution transrectal gamma imaging (TRGI) of monoclonal antibody directed at prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e21026-e21026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e21026.
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e21026 Background: As many as 40% of prostate cancers may be missed on biopsy, necessitating novel methods for biopsy guidance. There is also interest in mapping primary prostate cancers for treatment. The presented work evaluated the ability of a transrectal gamma-imaging (TRGI) device to detect and localize a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) - specific radiopharmaceutical in the prostate. Methods: The IRB approved this exploratory proof-of-concept study. Male patients with untreated, biopsy-proven prostatic adenocarcinoma received 5±0.5 mCi In-111 capromab pendetide (Prostascint, a PSMA-specific agent) i.v. and were imaged 4 days later using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT). A commercially available cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)-based endorectal gamma camera (ProxiScanTM, Hybridyne Imaging Technologies, Inc.) determined the radiopharmaceutical’s planar distribution (1.5x4 cm FOV; 5 min acquisition) in four prostatic quadrants. Safety assessments occurred day 1 and 7. MRI was acquired within 14 days. Pathology from TRUS biopsy or following prostatectomy identified prostatic quadrants containing adenocarcinoma. Results: Of 8 patients recruited, 6 completed imaging, all without adverse event. Subsequent treatment included prostatectomy (n=3) and radiation (n=3). Twenty-three prostatic quadrants were evaluated. In detecting a cancer-containing quadrant, TRGI, SPECT, and MRI had sensitivities of 100%, 75%, and 33%, respectively, and similar accuracy (61-70%). Target-to-background signal ratio of TRGI was independent of serum PSA level and not significantly different than SPECT. TRGI identified a greater number of foci in each quadrant when compared with SPECT (p<0.001). Lesion sizes on TRGI were smaller (p=0.04) and correlated with cancer size on pathology in patients treated surgically (r=0.69), identifying tracer uptake associated with tumors ≥ 5 mm. Conclusions: TRGI provides improved localization of prostate carcinoma compared with conventional SPECT with potential implications for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Jiang, Yao, Weihong Wen, Fa Yang, Donghui Han, Wuhe Zhang, and Weijun Qin. "Prospect of Prostate Cancer Treatment: Armed CAR-T or Combination Therapy." Cancers 14, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14040967.
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The incidence rate of prostate cancer is higher in male cancers. With a hidden initiation of disease and long duration, prostate cancer seriously affects men’s physical and mental health. Prostate cancer is initially androgen-dependent, and endocrine therapy can achieve good results. However, after 18–24 months of endocrine therapy, most patients eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which becomes metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) that is difficult to treat. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is an emerging immune cell therapy that brings hope to cancer patients. CAR-T has shown considerable advantages in the treatment of hematologic tumors. However, there are still obstacles to CAR-T treatment of solid tumors because the physical barrier and the tumor microenvironment inhibit the function of CAR-T cells. In this article, we review the progress of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer and discuss the prospects and challenges of armed CAR-T and combined treatment strategies. At present, there are still many obstacles in the treatment of prostate cancer with CAR-T, but when these obstacles are solved, CAR-T cells can become a favorable weapon for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Wu, Jui-Chuang, and Guang-Jer Wu. "METCAM Is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Malignant Propensity of and as a Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer." Biomedicines 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010205.
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Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This is because it is still unknown why indolent prostate cancer becomes an aggressive one, though many risk factors for this type of cancer have been suggested. Currently, many diagnostic markers have been suggested for predicting malignant prostatic carcinoma cancer; however, only a few, such as PSA (prostate-specific antigen), Prostate Health Index (PHI), and PCA3, have been approved by the FDA. However, each biomarker has its merits as well as shortcomings. The serum PSA test is incapable of differentiating prostate cancer from BPH and also has an about 25% false-positive prediction rate for the malignant status of cancer. The PHI test has the potential to replace the PSA test for the discrimination of BPH from prostate cancer and for the prediction of high-grade cancer avoiding unnecessary biopsies; however, the free form of PSA is unstable and expensive. PCA3 is not associated with locally advanced disease and is limited in terms of its prediction of aggressive cancer. Currently, several urine biomarkers have shown high potential in terms of being used to replace circulating biomarkers, which require a more invasive method of sample collection, such as via serum. Currently, the combined multiple tumor biomarkers may turn out to be a major trend in the diagnosis and assessment of the treatment effectiveness of prostate cancer. Thus, there is still a need to search for more novel biomarkers to develop a perfect cocktail, which consists of multiple biomarkers, in order to predict malignant prostate cancer and follow the efficacy of the treatment. We have discovered that METCAM, a cell adhesion molecule in the Ig-like superfamily, has great potential regarding its use as a biomarker for differentiating prostate cancer from BPH, predicting the malignant propensity of prostate cancer at the early premalignant stage, and differentiating indolent prostate cancers from aggressive cancers. Since METCAM has also been shown to be able to initiate the spread of prostate cancer cell lines to multiple organs, we suggest that it may be used as a therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of patients with malignant prostate cancer.
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Kucuk. "Genistein in Prostate Cancer Prevention and Treatment." Proceedings 40, no. 1 (February 9, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019040049.
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Botanical compounds have been found to modulate genetic and epigenetic pathways of cancer development and progression. We have studied nutritional interventions, with emphasis on soy isoflavones. Preclinical and clinical translational research have been conducted investigating the potential use of natural compounds, particularly soy isoflavones, in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Clinical trials with soy isoflavones in prostate cancer patients have shown that they are potent anti-cancer agents that may be useful in preventing and slowing the progression of prostate cancer. Soy isoflavones could also prevent chemotherapy and radiation therapy toxicities. Furthermore, soy isoflavones may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in patients with prostate cancer. Soy food intake has been associated with a low risk of several cancers. In addition, soy food consumption during cancer treatment may result in better outcomes and longer survival. These observations led to in vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies to elucidate the biological actions of various compounds in soybeans. Soy isoflavones have been found to have profound biological effects and modulate many of the pathways involved in cancer development and progression. In addition to their selective estrogen receptor modulatory effects, these compounds have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and epigenetic effects, which may explain their potential role in cancer prevention and treatment. Soy foods and soy isoflavones can be easily taken together with conventional cancer treatments such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted agents and immunotherapeutic agents. They may enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicities of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and other conventional cancer treatments. Natural products such as soy isoflavones could be used to improve treatment effects and quality of life of patients. Soy isoflavones should be investigated in symptom control, quality of life, palliative care and survivorship research.
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Yagudaev, D. M., Z. A. Kadyrov, A. F. Astrakhantsev, V. A. Bezhenar, M. P. Mazurova, and D. D. Yagudaev. "Prostate cancer: from diagnosis to treatment." Cancer Urology 15, no. 3 (October 9, 2019): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2019-15-3-150-155.
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The article presents a complex clinical case of a patient with primary multiple cancer, with lesions of the prostate, bladder, ureter, stomach, regional and distant lymph nodes. Initially, it was assumed that there were four localizations of cancer, but after performing the operation and conducting thorough morphological and immunohistochemical studies, it became possible to prove that only two cancer localizations were present, namely prostate cancer and stomach cancer. The implementation of complex palliative (salvage) surgical interventions as the first stage of the complex treatment of prostate and bladder cancer, as well as the performance of simultaneous operations, can improve the prognosis of patient survival.
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Lopes, Nair, Mariana Brütt Pacheco, Diana Soares-Fernandes, Margareta P. Correia, Vânia Camilo, Rui Henrique, and Carmen Jerónimo. "Hydralazine and Enzalutamide: Synergistic Partners against Prostate Cancer." Biomedicines 9, no. 8 (August 7, 2021): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9080976.
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Advanced prostate cancers frequently develop resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy with serious implications for patient survival. Considering their importance in this type of neoplasia, epigenetic modifications have drawn attention as alternative treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the antitumoral effects of the combination of hydralazine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, with enzalutamide, an antagonist of the androgen receptor, in prostate cancer cell lines. Several biological parameters, such as cell viability, proliferation, DNA damage, and apoptosis, as well as clonogenic and invasive potential, were evaluated. The individual treatments with hydralazine and enzalutamide exerted growth-inhibitory effects in prostate cancer cells and their combined treatment displayed synergistic effects. The combination of these two drugs was very effective in decreasing malignant features of prostate cancer and may become an alternative therapeutic option for prostate cancer patient management.
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Mulia, Julius I. "Vaccines for prostate cancer : a new era?" Universa Medicina 28, no. 3 (February 29, 2016): i—iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2009.v28.i-iii.
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Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent type of noncutaneous cancer in the Western world, with an estimated 218,890 new cases and 27,050 deaths in the United States in 2007. Currently prostate cancer is detected by measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a serine protease synthesized by the prostatic epithelium. PSA is an organ-specific and tumor-associated antigen (TAA) but it is not tumor-specific.(1) Partly because of increased cancer screening with PSA, prostatic cancer may now be diagnosed when it is still localized. Localized tumors of the prostate are generally treated with radical prostatectomy, external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT), brachytherapy, or watchful waiting. Unfortunately, up to 30%-40% of patients fail local therapy. The standard treatment of recurrent or metastatic disease is androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), but this is only a temporary measure as in the majority of cases the cancer ultimately becomes hormone refractory, the condition being termed androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) or hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), which then progresses rapidly. The only available nonpalliative therapy for androgen-independent prostate cancer is docetaxel in combination with prednisone. However, ADT given prior to the onset of clinical symptoms results in rising PSA levels with castrate levels of testosterone, often with a relatively low tumor burden. This systemic treatment earlier in the disease course combined with effective palliative chemotherapy is implicated in the improvement in median survival time of patients with AIPC from an average of about 12 months to about 17-18 months.
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Dogdas, Belma, Christopher Kanan, Patricia Raciti, Shaozhou Ken Tian, Sabine Doris Brookman-May, Lisa Wetherhold, Andressa Smith, et al. "Computational pathological identification of prostate cancer following neoadjuvant treatment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e14052-e14052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e14052.
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e14052 Background: The need for accurate pathological identification and quantitation of prostate cancer (PC) following neoadjuvant treatment with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and androgen receptor antagonists is increasing as PC treatment continues to evolve. In clinical practice, pathological assessment of residual tumor is a tedious and time-consuming process due to the volume of tissue from radical prostatectomy (RP). In addition, neoadjuvant treatments can greatly alter both benign and neoplastic prostate tissue morphology making the pathology assessment difficult for even specialized pathologists. Paige Prostate 1.0 is a clinical-grade artificial intelligence (AI) system for PC detection. It was trained and evaluated in over 50,000 prostate biopsy slides with validation across more than 800 institutions worldwide using multiple slide scanners. Methods: We evaluated the performance of Paige Prostate 1.0 at identifying prostatic tumor on 64 hematoxylin and eosin stained slides exhibiting neoadjuvant treatment effect from apalutamide, enzalutamide, and/or ADT. Results: Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.96. Using the Paige Prostate 1.0 operating point, it achieved a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 94%, corresponding to the correct identification of challenging treated morphology in 59/64 slides using expert pathologists as the reference. False negative cases were typically represented by atypical small acinar proliferation that required expert pathological consensus confirmation. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first AI based evaluation of residual disease in PC with hormone neoadjuvant therapy. Paige Prostate 1.0 effectively identified tumor despite treatment effects. Future work will include optimization of Paige Prostate 1.0 by training with RP specimens from a larger cohort of appropriate samples, as well as precise measurement of residual tumor burden to further improve its accuracy and reproducibility. Paige prostate residual disease detection 1.0 has the potential to impact emerging clinical practice at the patient level and to complement the pathological assessment of RPs in global phase 3 clinical trials, such as PROTEUS, in a standardized, reproducible, and robust way.
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Gamat, Melissa, and Douglas G. McNeel. "Androgen deprivation and immunotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer." Endocrine-Related Cancer 24, no. 12 (December 2017): T297—T310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-17-0145.
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Prostate cancer is the most common newly diagnosed malignancy in men, and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States. The primary treatment for recurrent prostate cancer is androgen deprivation, and this therapy is typically continued lifelong for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Androgens and androgen deprivation have profound effects on the immune system, a finding that has become more appreciated in an era where immune-based treatments for cancer are being increasingly explored. Preclinical studies suggest that androgen deprivation could potentially positively or negatively affect the use of approved immunotherapies, or those that are being developed for the treatment of prostate cancer. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the different types of androgen deprivation treatments used in the management of prostate cancer, discuss their effects on prostate tumors and the immune system and how they are being explored in combination with immunotherapy. Finally, we address some of the critical questions in the field that must be answered to identify the best approaches to combine androgen deprivation with immunotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Yu Ko, Wellam F., John L. Oliffe, and Joan L. Bottorff. "Prostate Cancer Treatment and Work: A Scoping Review." American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 6 (November 2020): 155798832097925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320979257.
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Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in North American men. Although medical advances have improved survival rates, men treated for prostate cancer experience side-effects that can reduce their work capacity, increase financial stress, and affect their career and/or retirement plans. Working-age males comprise a significant proportion of new prostate cancer diagnoses. It is important, therefore, to understand the connections between prostate cancer and men’s work lives. This scoping review aimed to summarize and disseminate current research evidence about the impact of prostate cancer treatment on men’s work lives. Electronic databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 2006 and 2020 that reported on the impact of prostate cancer treatment on men’s work. Following scoping review guidelines, 21 articles that met inclusion criteria were identified and analyzed. Evidence related to the impact of prostate cancer on work was grouped under three themes: (1) work outcomes after prostate cancer treatment; (2) return to work considerations, and (3) impact of prostate cancer treatment on men’s finances. Findings indicate that men’s return to work may be more gradual than expected after prostate cancer treatment. Some men may feel pressured by financial stressors and masculine ideals to resume work. Diverse factors including older age and social benefits appear to play a role in shaping men’s work-related plans after prostate cancer treatment. The findings provide direction for future research and offer clinicians a synthesis of current knowledge about the challenges men face in resuming work in the aftermath of prostate cancer treatment.
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Zoubeidi, Amina, and Paramita M. Ghosh. "Celebrating the 80th anniversary of hormone ablation for prostate cancer." Endocrine-Related Cancer 28, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): T1—T10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-21-0192.
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In this issue of Endocrine-Related Cancer, we are celebrating the 80th anniversary of hormone ablation as treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Our understanding has evolved from the observation that androgen withdrawal, either surgical or pharmacological, resulted in prostatic atrophy in animal models, to its application in patients, to investigation of the mysterious way in which prostate cancer escapes androgen dependence. We are now in an era of novel AR pathway inhibitors, the combination of androgen ablation with chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors, immunotherapies, guided radiotherapy, and novel drug application based upon genetic testing of individual tumors. In this special issue, we bring together a collection of eight reviews that cover not only the history of 80 years of progress after the initial identification of androgen ablation as an effective treatment of prostate cancer, but subsequent improvements in the understanding of the biology of the disease, development of novel treatment paradigms, resistance to those treatments and disease progression following that resistance.
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Promwattanapan, Weerawut, and Nattapong Wongwattanasatien. "The Incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma involvement of the prostate gland in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer treatment in Rajavithi Hospital." Insight Urology 42, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52786/isu.a.31.
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Objective: To determine the incidence of incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) involvement of the prostate gland in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy in Rajavithi Hospital, Secondly, to assess the possible influence of the patient factors and bladder cancer on the pathological findings of the prostate gland. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 169 male patients who had undergone radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer between April 2013 and August 2019. Pathologic findings of the prostate gland and urothelial cancer in the prostate gland were catalogued. Information including age, body mass index (BMI), underlying disease, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), pathologic stage, and grade was collected and analyzed to determine any correlations. Results: Incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma and TCC involvement of the prostate gland were found in 15 patients (8.9%) and 29 patients (17.2%), respectively. There were no correlations between patient demographics and pathological findings of the prostate gland. Conclusion: Although the incidence of incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma and TCC involvement of the prostate gland in our research is low, the screening of every candidate for prostate sparing cystectomy with a digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen, and transurethral biopsy of the prostatic urethra and bladder neck prior to surgery are recommended.
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Hahn, Andrew W., Celestia S. Higano, Mary-Ellen Taplin, Charles J. Ryan, and Neeraj Agarwal. "Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Optimizing Patient Selection and Treatment." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 38 (May 2018): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/edbk_200967.
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The treatment landscape for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) has rapidly evolved over the past 5 years. Although androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is still the backbone of treatment, the addition of docetaxel or abiraterone acetate has improved outcomes for patients with mCSPC and become standard of care. With multiple treatment options available for patients with mCSPC, treatment selection to optimize patient outcomes has become increasingly difficult. Here, we review the clinical trials involving ADT plus docetaxel or abiraterone and provide clinicians with guidelines for treatment. Although surgery and/or radiation are standard of care for localized, intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer, these treatments are not routinely used as part of initial treatment plans for patients with de novo mCSPC. Recent clinical data are challenging that dogma, and we review the literature on the addition of surgery and radiation to systemic therapy for mCSPC. Finally, the standard of care for oligometastatic prostate cancer (a subset of mCSPC with limited metastases) has not been established compared with that for some other cancers. We discuss the recent studies on metastasis-directed therapy for treatment of oligometastatic prostate cancer.
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A. Laws, Tom, Murray Drummond, and Jelena Polijak-Fligic. "On What Basis do Australian Men Make Informed Decisions about Diagnostic and Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 2 (2000): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00022.
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Men rely on general practitioners (GPs), other medical and nursing staff to provide them with information on prostate cancer and urinary symptoms. This paper identifies several problems encountered by Australian men in gaining information necessary for making an informed decision with respect to the detection and treatment of prostate cancer. An examination of disparities between national guidelines for screening and screening practices of GPs reveals that complex medical issues exist in relation to the supply of screening tests. Similar complexities exist for Australian men trying to make an informed decision about prostate cancer treatments. In particular, there is very little evidence to show that any treatment option or combination of treatments has better outcomes. Thus, it is unlikely that Australian men, even those who are assertive and information literate, make fully informed decisions when consenting to screening procedures and treatment for prostate cancer. Men with limited use of English and poor literacy skills, such as older migrants are further disadvantaged in terms of gaining information, and are likely to remain largely uninformed on even the basic issues relating to prostatic symptoms and prostate cancer. The task facing nurses is to research the needs of men and their communities as a basis for the development of accessible information resources. This approach will provide evidence in support of holistic nursing practice as well as increasing the likelihood that men's consent to prostate screening and treatment constitutes an informed decision.
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Dolgushin, M. B., N. A. Meshcheryakova, A. A. Odzharova, V. B. Matveev, D. I. Nevzorov, O. E. Platonova, and P. V. Kochergin. "18F-PSMA-1007 POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF RECURRENT PROSTATE CANCER: CLINICAL OBSERVATION." Cancer Urology 14, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2018-14-3-134-138.
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Objective: demonstration of possibilities of18F-prostate specific membrane antigen-1007 (18F-PSMA-1007) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for diagnostic prostate cancer recurrence.The article presents clinical observation of the patient with prostate cancer biochemical recurrence after the multiple treatment.18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT demonstrates high sensitivity in prostate cancer recurrence diagnostic, in particular with low prostatic specific antigen level.
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Yang, Shuai, Han Guan, Zhijun Chen, Sheng Wang, Hongliang Wu, and Weide Zhong. "Analysis of the Role of Comprehensive Treatment Model in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (January 5, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2118823.
Full textAbstract:
The incidence of prostate cancer is gradually increasing. There are many methods for clinical treatment of prostate cancer, such as surgical treatment and endocrine treatment. In the case of advanced prostate cancer, we must not only extend patients’ survival times but also enhance their quality of life. Endocrine medications are the most effective therapy for advanced prostate cancer. This research will investigate the therapeutic impact of a complete treatment model in prostate cancer in order to discover a trustworthy clinical treatment model. This research discovered that, as compared to endocrine treatment, radical resection of prostate cancer may diminish and reach lower serum PSA levels in a short amount of time, as well as sustain low PSA levels and delay progression to castration resistance. Moreover, the comprehensive treatment mode can effectively reduce the possibility of complications. The research results show that the comprehensive treatment model can play an important role in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Aleckovic-Halilovic, Mirna, Bachar Zelhof, Laurie Solomon, Aimun Ahmed, and Alexander Woywodt. "Screening for prostate cancer in renal transplant candidates: Single-centre experience over 10 years." Journal of Clinical Urology 10, no. 5 (February 1, 2017): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415817693994.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: The purpose of this article is to report 10 years of single-centre experience with prostate cancer screening in renal transplant candidates. Patients and methods: This is a single-centre retrospective analysis of results of prostate cancer screening as a part of renal pre-transplant workup. We included all male patients suitable for transplant workup over 10 years. Patients with persistently elevated prostate specific antigen were considered for prostate biopsy. Biopsy results, treatment data and short-term outcomes for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer were collected. Results: We identified 542 patients with a mean age of 52 years. Thirty-one (5.7%) patients were referred to a urologist. Twenty-three (74%) of those referred were biopsied. Histological findings for 10 biopsies (44%) were normal, three (13%) had prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm and nine patients (39%) had invasive adenocarcinoma. One case (4%) was inconclusive. All patients with a normal biopsy proceeded with pre-transplant workup. Out of nine patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, five were transplant listed, two were receiving treatment and two were subsequently deceased. Conclusion: Prostate specific antigen screening with repeat testing and the use of age-adjusted normal values led to the diagnosis of prostate cancer that had major implications for transplant listing. For the majority of cancers the diagnosis did not deny transplant surgery to patients but only delayed listing for transplant.