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Rowe, Christina J. "Prospective Memory and College Students: Validation of the Wood Prospective Memory Test." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501069/.
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This study provides information regarding the validity and reliability of the Wood Prospective Meory Test (WPMT), a newly developed test consisting of three main subscales intended to measure prospective memory. Subjects were 69 college students (50 female, 19 male, age range 18-24), who were administered several memory tasks including the WPMT.The results of this study suggest that the subscales of the WPMT do not have sufficient internal reliability (.50, .60, and .44), and therefore, would be unlikely to correlate highly with any other measures. The usefulness of the WPMT as a clinical instrument is discussed.
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Conlon, Joseph. "Aspects of prospective memory." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297200.
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Rand, Kristina Marie. "Aging and prospective memory." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/rand/RandK0509.pdf.
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Burkes, Matthew Edward. "Incidental cueing of prospective memory." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323665.
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Koo, Yu W. "Understanding the Age-Prospective Memory Paradox, Implementation Intentions and the Neural Correlates of Prospective Memory." Thesis, Griffith University, 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/420877.
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Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to perform a planned action at a future time, while engaging in unrelated tasks. PM is highly relevant to independent functioning and quality of life. Moreover, PM impairment independently predicts problems in activities of daily living among older adults after accounting for the effects of psychosocial factors and other neurocognitive functions such as retrospective memory (RM) and executive functions. Research has also shown that older adults have moderate declines in PM, assumed to be associated with age-related changes in the prefrontal cortex. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a relatively new neuroimaging method in the study of cognition. It is a feasible alternative to other imaging techniques due to its suitability for measuring activities in the prefrontal cortex, which has been previously associated with PM processes.
Despite the extensive body of research on age-related PM decline, there are several gaps in the current literature. Research revealed a phenomenon, named the age-PM paradox whereby PM deficits for older adults are more commonly observed in laboratory-based PM tasks than naturalistic (everyday) tasks. Implementation intentions is a metacognitive strategy typically used to facilitate goal attainment and has also been applied as a brief intervention to improve PM. This strategy requires individuals to specify exactly where and when an action is will be completed in the format “If I see X, then I will do Y”. However, the benefits this
brief strategy in improving PM have also yielded mixed results. Lastly, understanding the neural basis of PM using fNIRS and a laboratory-based PM tasks have largely been unexplored. Thus, the present thesis aimed to investigate PM in older adults across both laboratory and ecological tasks, the effects of implementation intentions on PM in older adults, and the neural correlates of PM using fNIRS.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Friesen, Ingrid Colleen. "Prospective memory functioning in older adults." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0017/NQ44792.pdf.
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Lourenço, Joana S. "Task interference effects in prospective memory." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59739/.
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Prospective memory (PM), or remembering to remember, is biq it s i p pl ’s liv s a d PM misses might represent around half of daily memory failures according to recent research. In this thesis, several intention-related factors were investigated in order to clarify and elaborate our understanding of the effects of working memory (WM) and cognitive aging on prospective remembering, increase theoretical clarity regarding the dynamics of the monitoring processes in PM tasks, and investigate the interplay between two qualitatively different PM retrieval processes (i.e., spontaneous retrieval and monitoring). The overall approach was to examine how holding a particular intention affected ongoing task performance in a series of specifically devised laboratory studies of PM. The main findings of this thesis can be summarized as follows: First, encountering intention-related information boosted nonfocal PM performance for low, but not high, WM young adults, and did so without any additional cost to ongoing task performance (Experiment 1). Second, presenting intention-related information as distractor items improved PM performance for older, but not young adults (Experiments 2 and 3). The benefit was most likely due to distractor lures enhancing the salience of the target events and triggering spontaneous retrieval of the intention, or alternatively (or additionally), triggering (functional) monitoring in close proximity to the target events (Experiment 2). Third, practicing the ongoing activity prior to encoding the PM task enhanced nonfocal target detection for high WM young adults, but not for low WM young adults and older adults; practice probably allowed individuals to encode a more elaborate and detailed representation of the PM task (Experiment 4). Fourth, explicit information about target-defining features led to trial-by-trial modulations in task interference as a function of stimulus relevance for the nonfocal PM task. The effect was observed when relevant and irrelevant stimuli varied at random with no cuing (Experiments 5 and 6) and when presentation was blocked (Experiment 5), and was most likely associated with the action of top-down attentional control. Fifth, implicit information about the PM task demands also aff ct d pa ticipa ts’ ff t a d s cc ss i the PM task. Moreover, experience with the PM targets triggered local changes in attention allocation when actual demands were higher than expected (Experiment 7). And sixth, target repetition within a set boosted PM performance by stimulating retrieval through spontaneous retrieval processes, and optimized performance relative to when retrieval relied mostly on monitoring processes alone (Experiment 8). In summary, the present work uncovered several factors that have the potential to boost prospective remembering, as well as influence the extent to which monitoring processes are engaged and/or the type of processing required to support PM retrieval.
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Dean, Janet Blevins. "Cognitive dysorganization, prospective memory, and planning." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1059929529.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 146 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Herbert Mirels, Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-118).
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Carey, Catherine Louise. "Prospective memory in HIV-1 infection /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170274.
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Chrysostomou, Marina. "Prospective memory in sub-clinical checkers." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/78063/.
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People often fail to complete their future intended behaviours (prospective memory). Prospective memory research on individuals with checking behaviours is relatively recent. Studies have revealed impaired prospective memory performance in individuals with high checking behaviours. As a result, individuals report less confidence in their memory and use more prospective memory aiding strategies compared to the general population. The aim of the experiments reported in the current thesis was to investigate prospective memory performance in a sub-clinical checking population and improve confidence and vividness in their actions. In order to achieve this, two strategies, namely implementation intentions and imagery, were used. These self¬-regulatory strategies have been repeatedly found to improve prospective memory performance in the general population. The findings of the experiments reported in this thesis revealed that prospective memory performance was not always consistent with previous findings, as in some studies high checkers performed as well as low checkers. However, this could be due to methodological differences between these and earlier studies. Nevertheless, when participants were instructed to use implementation intentions and imagery during encoding, their performance was significantly improved, with the effect being more profound in low checkers. Consistent with the literature, high checkers experienced more metacognitive deficits, particularly increased lack of cognitive confidence. It can be concluded that individuals with checking tendencies can benefit from the use of implementation intentions and imagery when forming future intentions as it was found to improve prospective memory performance and cognitive confidence. These observations are discussed in relation to previous findings and experimental limitations are reported. Further studies should aim to replicate these findings using a clinical checking population.
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Emick, Michelle Adrianna. "A Measure of Prospective Memory in the Elderly." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501280/.
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The effect of aging on prospective memory was examined. Fifty older subjects and 69 college students were given measures of both retrospective memory and the Wood Prospective Memory Test. It was found that: 1) The reliability of the WPMT subscales was lower than that required for clinical applications; 2) The WPMT subscales correlated significantly with several measures of retrospective memory; 3) There was a tendency for the WPMT subscales to have low, positive but non-significant correlations with the remaining measures of retrospective memory; 4) A self-report questionnaire on prospective memory did not correlate significantly with measures of either prospective or retrospective memory; 5) The older subjects significantly outperformed the younger subjects on the WAISR Vocabulary subtest, but performed significantly more poorly on the WPMT subscales and almost all other measures.
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Miller, Jo Ann. "Exploratory studies of prospective memory in adults." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30735.
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Prospective memory refers to remembering to carry out an intended or planned action, such as keeping a doctor's appointment or telling a friend about an upcoming party. Despite its importance in everyday life, prospective memory has received little empirical or theoretical attention. Rather, much of the literature has focused on retrospective memory, that is, memory for information learnt in the past.
The current literature on prospective memory addresses five aspects that are necessary for carrying out an intended action. These are (a) formulating the plan; (b) having the knowledge necessary to carry out the plan; (c) remembering the plan at the appropriate time; (d) carrying out the plan; and (e) remembering that the plan has been performed. The literature also raises three fundamental questions. Namely, whether prospective and retrospective memory involve different processes, whether self-report and behavioral measures of prospective memory are correlated, and whether prospective memory performance varies as a function of age. These questions were the focus of the exploratory studies presented in this dissertation.
The first three studies involved the development of a memory diary, a memory questionnaire, and a metamemory questionnaire, respectively. These instruments were used in the fourth and fifth studies. Studies 4 and 5 also included behavioral measures of prospective memory and objective measures of retrospective memory.
The fourth study examined how community-dwelling adults feel about, and use, their memory on a daily basis. In accordance with previous research, no age differences were observed on the behavioral measures of prospective memory. Moreover, performance on the self-report measures did not differ as a function of age. As hypothesized, age was correlated with performance on a retrospective memory task.
The fifth study involved an extension and replication of Study 4, with the major addition being the use of several standard laboratory tests to assess retrospective memory. This study revealed several interesting findings. First, in contrast to previous studies, performance on some retrospective memory tasks was related to performance on some prospective memory tasks. Second, by and large, self-report and behavioral measures of prospective memory were not correlated. Third, performance on the prospective memory tasks (both self-report and behavioral) did not vary as a function of age, although performance ' on the retrospective memory tasks was clearly age related.
The implications of this research are discussed.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Costa, Danyelly Piauilino [UNIFESP]. "Avaliação de queixas de memória por meio do Questionário de Memória Prospectiva e Retrospectiva (QMPR) numa amostra populacional na Cidade de São Paulo." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9072.
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Publico-00397.pdf: 509322 bytes, checksum: 8765f9f67f3ef7c3f01f454555979a6a (MD5)O Questionário de Memória Prospectiva e Retrospectiva (QMPR) foi construído para avaliar memória subjetiva e para ter confiabilidade aceitável e validade fatorial, preditiva e concorrente. Entretanto, o QMPR nunca foi administrado numa amostra probabilística representativa da população em todas as idades na fase adulta, nem existem estudos precedentes controlados para os fatores que são conhecidos por influenciar a metamemória, tal como o status afetivo. Neste estudo, o QMPR foi aplicado em três estágios probabilísticos numa amostra representativa da população de São Paulo, Brasil, de acordo com o sexo, a idade (20-80 anos), e o status econômico (n=1042). Em seguida, com a exclusão dos indivíduos que tiveram as condições que prejudicam a memória (depressão, ansiedade, uso de psicotrópicos, e/ou teve desordens neurológicas/psiquiátricas), permaneceram 664 indivíduos em que: a) aplicaram-se análises fatoriais confirmatórias para testar modelos competidores da estrutura latente do QMPR; b) estudaram-se efeitos de sexo, da idade, da educação e do status econômico nas queixas de memória prospectiva e retrospectiva. O modelo com o melhor ajuste teve a mesma estrutura tripartida (um fator geral da memória e dois fatores ortogonais da memória prospectiva e retrospectiva) . As mulheres queixaram-se mais dos lapsos gerais da memória, em especial aquelas nos primeiros 5 anos após a menopausa, e houve mais queixas de memória prospectiva do que retrospectiva, exceto em participantes com renda familiar mais baixa.
The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) has been shown to assess subjective memory and to have acceptable reliability and factorial, predictive and concurrent validity. However, the PRMQ has never been administered to a probability sample survey representative of all ages in adulthood, nor have previous studies controlled for factors that are known to influence metamemory, such as affective status. This study, the PRMQ was applied in a survey adopting a probabilistic three-stage cluster sample representative of the population of São Paulo, Brazil, according to sex, age (20- 80 years), and economic status (n=1042). After excluding subjects who had conditions that impair memory (depression, anxiety, used psychotropics, and/or had neurological/psychiatric disorders), in the remaining 664 individuals: a) applied confirmatory factor analyses to test competing models of the latent structure of the PRMQ; b) studied effects of sex, age, schooling and economic status on prospective and retrospective memory complaints. The model with the best fit had the same tripartite structure (general memory factor and two orthogonal prospective and retrospective memory factors). Women complained more of general memory slips, especially those in the first 5 years after menopause, and there were more complaints of prospective than retrospective memory, except in participants with lower family income.
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Kazi, Sadaf. "Using interruptions to study associations in prospective memory." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51776.
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Background: Prospective memory (ProM) consists of remembering that some action needs to be performed in the future and when (detecting the Intent Trigger), and what the action is (Recalling the Content of the trigger). The Intent Trigger is bound by a forward association to the Content Recall, and the Content Recall has a backward association to the intent Trigger. In situations which present multiple, interleaving ProM tasks to operators it is not known how subsequently-presented ProM tasks interfere with the associations between the Intent Trigger and Content Recall of the original ProM task. Objective: The current study investigated the effect of presenting multiple, interleaved ProM tasks on timely detection of the Intent Trigger and accurate Recall of the Content of the original ProM task. Method: Participants encoded a ProM task (AB) in an air traffic control simulation. They then were interrupted with a second ProM task. The ProM interruption task was different from the original ProM task in either the Intent Trigger (AB, CB), Content Recall (AB, AD), or both Intent Trigger and Content Recall (i.e., a new ProM task, AB, CD). A control condition involved interrupting the participant with a weather report. Results: Detection of the Intent Trigger was significantly worse after a ProM interruption as compared to a weather interruption; a similar pattern of results, but with marginal significance, was also found for Content Recall. Additionally, a ProM task that interfered with backward association (AB, CB) was no better or worse than doing two unrelated ProM tasks (AB, CD) on the detection of the Intent Trigger. However, a task that presented a new forward association (AB, AD) was worse than performing two unrelated ProM tasks (AB, CD) on Recall of the Content. The results are discussed in the context of designing memory aids to support interleaved ProM tasks in dynamic environments.
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Grilli, Matthew Dennis. "Self-Imagining, Recognition Memory, and Prospective Memory in Memory-Impaired Individuals with Neurological Damage." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193396.
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The present study investigated the reliability and robustness of a new mnemonic strategy - self-imagination - in a group of memory-impaired individuals with neurological damage. Despite severe memory deficits, almost all of the participants demonstrated a self-imagination effect (SIE) for recognition memory in study 1. Moreover, the ability to benefit from self-imagination was not affected by the severity of the memory deficit. In study 3, more than half of the participants showed a SIE on a task of event-based prospective memory. The data from study 2 suggest the SIE is not attributable to semantic processing or emotional processing and indicate that self-imagination is distinct from other mnemonic strategies. Overall the findings from the present study implicate self-imagination as a new and effective mnemonic strategy. The data also indicate that when it comes to memory there is something special about processing information in relation to the self.
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Levén, Anna. "Postponed Plans : Prospective Memory and Intellectual Disability." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutet för handikappverksamhet (IHV), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10382.
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Avhandlingen handlar om prospektivt minne (PM) hos personer med utvecklingsstörning. PM syftar på att formulera intentioner och genomföra dessa någon gång i framtiden, antingen inom en definierad tidsram eller i samband med en specifik händelse. Frågeställningar: 1. Finns det en kvalitativ och kvantitativ skillnad mellan prospektivt minne hos personer med utvecklingsstörning och en kontrollgrupp? (Artikel I – II) 2. Hur ser sambandet mellan prospektivt minne, arbetsminne och episodiskt minne ut hos personer med utvecklingsstörning och, skiljer sig detta åt jämfört med kontrollgruppen? (Artikel II) 3. Vilka förutsättningar vid inkodning och hågkomst är kompatibla? (Artikel III) 4. På vilket sätt kan svag association mellan olika delar av information bidra till prospektiva minnesfel? (Artikel IV) 5. Går det att särskilja en hög- respektive lågpresterande grupp personer med utvecklingsstörning med avseende på prospektiv minnesprestation? (Artikel II) Personer med utvecklingsstörning begår fler prospektiva minnesfel än personer i kontrollgruppen. Motsvarande gruppskillnad finns inte för självskattat minne. Prospektiv minnesprestation är bättre med bilder jämfört med ord som prospektiva ledtrådar, mest tydligt för personer med utvecklingsstörning. Arbetsminneskapacitet visade ett samband med både prospektivt minne och antalet falska minnen i kognitivt krävande situationer, till exempel, situationer med flera parallella prospektiva minnesuppgifter. Falska minnen och prospektivt minne hade ett samband hos personer med utvecklingsstörning. Att felaktigt känna igen bilder med bara delvis bekanta delar och att känna igen prospektiva ledtrådar utan att komma ihåg själva intentionen hade ett samband hos personer med utvecklingsstörning. Personer med utvecklingsstörning var också sämre än kontrollgruppen på att upprepa tidsintervall. Detta kan till exempel bero på bristande episodiskt minne och begränsade strategier för att lösa den här typen av uppgifter. Resultaten diskuteras i relation till träning av prospektivt minne och val av hjälpmedel.This thesis deals with prospective memory (PM) in individuals with intellectual disability. The term refers to planning and executing actions that cannot be performed immediately and have to be stored in memory and retrieved either within a specified timeframe or to be associated with a specific event. Following research questions were explored: 1. Does prospective memory performance in the intellectual disability group differ quantitatively and qualitatively compared to a control group of individuals without intellectual disability? (Paper I – II) 2. What are the relations between prospective memory, working memory and episodic memory in individuals with intellectual disability, and how are these relations different from the relations found in individuals without intellectual disability? (Paper II) 3. What conditions constitute compatibility between encoding and retrieval of prospective memory tasks? (Paper III) 4. In what way might weak binding contribute to PM failure? (Paper IV) 5. Is it possible to identify high and low PM-performing groups of individuals with intellectual disability? (Paper II) The results of the studies demonstrated that individuals with intellectual disability commit more PM errors than individuals in the control group, despite similarities in self-rated memory. Pictures as PM cues improved PM performance in comparison to words in both groups. This may be important primarily for recognition of the PM cue, particularly in the intellectual disability group. As to working memory capacity, it also shows a relation to both PM performance and binding performance in cognitively demanding situations (e.g., tasks with multiple parallel PM tasks). Furthermore, it was found that binding is related to PM performance in the intellectual disability group as there is a relationship between feature errors and recognition of cues, though not retrieving the correct intention. Finally, time reproduction was found to be weak in the intellectual disability group compared to the control group. This may be due to, for example, weak episodic memory and limited strategies for solving this type of task. These findings are discussed in relation to PM training and PM aids.
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Levén, Anna. "Postponed plans : prospective memory and intellectual disability /." Örebro : Linköping : The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University ; Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Faculty of Arts and Science, Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10382.
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Marchant, Natalie Lorraine. "Prospective memory : methodologic, pharmacologic, and genetic considerations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508970.
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Prospective Memory (PM) - memory for a delayed intention - is essential for functioning in everyday life. Event-based PM relies on a cue (eg a postbox) to trigger recall of an intention (eg mail a letter). In the laboratory a typical event-based PM paradigm comprises a pre-designated PM cue which is embedded in an ongoing computerized task. Through a series of four articles I address the impact of methodology, pharmacology, and genetics on event-based PM in a laboratory setting. Article I examines the effect of varying PM cue frequency. Increasing cue frequency improves performance and causes an alteration in strategy towards the task. Article IV introduces a novel paradigm which differentiates the attention-based (prospective) and memory-based (retrospective) PM components, specifically measuring both accuracy and reaction time for these components. Article II concentrates on pharmacologic manipulations, focusing on the indirect noradrenergic agonist modafinil and the cholinergic against nicotine, and how their beneficial effects interact with cue frequency. When cue frequency is high (20%) modafinil facilitates performance, but not when cue frequency falls to 5%. Conversely, nicotine improves performance when cue frequency is low, but not when high. This pharmacologic double dissociation lends further support to the behavioural data, indicating activation of different attentional processes when cue frequency changes. Article III explores the cognitive consequences of possessing the ε4 variant of the Apolipoprotein E gene in younger adults; and extends the argument for early-age cognitive dominance of ε4 carriers to include superior PM performance. Additionally Article III reveals that nicotine again improves PM performance, but critically only for ε4 carriers. Finally, Article IV shows that non-ε4 carriers' PM performance remains unaffected by an increased nicotine dosage. These articles contribute to understanding PM and the complex interaction between the methods used to measure it, the drugs used to influence it, and individual differences.
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Zięcik, Adam P. "Prospective memory in adults with developmental dyslexia." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2014. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1907/.
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While short-term and working memory deficits in individuals with dyslexia are well documented, the effects of dyslexia on prospective memory (PM) have been neglected. A range of PM measures were administered to different samples of university students with and without dyslexia (typically N = 50, 25 per group, matched for age and IQ, and differing on reading and spelling measures). Questionnaire data indicated that individuals with dyslexia perceived themselves as significantly worse on everyday PM activities than non-dyslexics. These data were corroborated by ratings taken from close friends/relatives of the participants. Naturalistic data revealed that adults with dyslexia performed more poorly on a time-based task involving a delay of 40 minutes and 24 hours and an event-based PM task involving a one week delay. There were no event-based PM deficits in dyslexia in the experimental tasks. However, adults with dyslexia were significantly worse at time-based tasks. Difficulties with PM would, therefore, seem to be evident in adults with dyslexia and tend to manifest themselves in time-based PM tasks. This interpretation is consistent with executive functioning problems associated with dyslexia and theories that take a broader view of dyslexia than phonological processing alone.
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Gonen, Yaacovi G. "Encoding and retrieval processes in prospective memory." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1344016/.
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The purpose of this thesis was to examine the influence of different characteristics of prospective memory (PM) cues and ongoing tasks on processes supporting PM retrieval. The first four experiments assessed the role of motivational enhancements on event- and timebased tasks. In the first experiment, it has been hypothesized that in a high-incentive condition, PM performance should be better compared with a low-incentive condition. In addition, in a negative reinforcement condition PM performance should be better than in a positive reinforcement condition. The second experiment extended these hypotheses by looking at individual differences, using skin conductance and personality questionnaires, while in the third experiment these hypotheses were used to assess order effect, using two successively low-incentive conditions. Finally, in the fourth experiment, these hypotheses have been tested on time-based PM tasks, including a punishment condition. The results from these experiments showed that high compared with low incentives influence retrieval processes on PM tasks. In addition, individuals differed in their performance to the negative and positive reinforcements on event-based tasks. Finally, performance was better under the punishment condition compared with the positive and negative reinforcement conditions on time-based tasks. The fifth experiment looked at how different types of PM cues and ongoing tasks influence retrieval processes when multiple cues were involved. Results showed that when the ongoing task was demanding and the PM cues were nonfocal, greater attentional resources were assigned to perform the PM task. In the final experiment, implicit and explicit encoding of PM intentions was investigated. It has been hypothesized that explicit encoding should lead to better performance compared with implicit encoding and that pre- and poststimulus neural activity, measured by electroencephalogram, will predict the retrieval of PM intentions. The overall results highlighted the influence of different components involved during encoding and retrieval of intentions, on PM performance.
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Haines, Simon J. "Explaining complex age-effects on prospective memory." Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2019. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/4dd53ad08db175e096e25c40d1e7750c905a9c59fd2b663e23c9b1f8048b5c1d/3032541/Haines_2019_Explaining_complex_age-effects_on_prospective.pdf.
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The general aim of this thesis was to investigate complex age-related differences in prospective memory (PM). An extensive review of PM and cognitive ageing (an accepted peer reviewed article for Oxford Research Encyclopedias) was the starting point for identifying key areas of further research in the age-PM field. Specifically, two areas of further research were identified and then investigated empirically in the present research project. First, the need to use conceptually parallel PM task types across settings to illuminate mechanisms of the age-PM paradox was identified. The paradox refers to the general finding that young outperform older adults in the laboratory, but vice versa in naturalistic-settings; and young-old outperform old-old in laboratory but show equivalent levels of performance in naturalistic-setting studies. A second area identified as requiring further empirical investigation was the role of executive functions in mediating age-effects across a wide range of PM tasks. The current research project made a significant contribution to the age-PM literature by undertaking a series of empirical investigations into both of these areas.
The first key empirical investigation is related to illuminating the mechanisms of the age-PM paradox. A paper reporting two empirical experiments is presented (which have been submitted to the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General). In Experiment 1, young (19–30 years; n = 40) and older adults (65–86 years; n = 53) were tested on conceptually parallel PM tasks in the laboratory (using the Virtual Week paradigm that simulates naturalistic PM tasks and routine daily activities) and in a naturalistic-setting using a recently developed novel smartphone paradigm, the MEMO. PM tasks were conceptually parallel in terms of the type of cue and inherent level of environmental support afforded by three PM task types: event-based, time-of-day, and time-interval. The latter two time-based tasks were hypothesised to largely account for the age-PM paradox, in particular by not being sufficiently distinguished and investigated separately in previous studies of the age-PM association in performance across settings. In Experiment 1, participants completed two simulated days of Virtual Week with the three PM tasks types embedded, and two separate blocks of three days for the event-based PM (a photo task when particular events were encountered) and two time-based PM tasks (scheduled and “pop up” quizzes, e.g., come back in 10 minutes to open app on phone to complete a quiz). It was found that young adults outperformed older adults in the laboratory, however, in the naturalistic-setting older adults only outperformed younger adults on time-of-day tasks (i.e., appointment like tasks; in this case completing a scheduled quiz), while similar levels of performance were revealed on event-based tasks (relatively high performance) and time-interval tasks (relatively low performance). In Experiment 2 young-old (60–74 years; n = 64) and old-old (75–87 years; n = 40) adults were compared on the same two PM task types. However, this time the naturalistic-setting paradigm, MEMO, was made more challenging, and conceptually closer to Virtual Week, by combining all PM task types over the same three day period. Participants were also permitted to use external aids. The results showed that young-old outperformed old-old in the laboratory, with both age groups showing better performance on event-based than the time-interval tasks (involving monitoring a stop clock in Virtual Week). Together, these experiments show that the age-PM paradox is only apparent when comparing different types of time-based tasks across settings, and that older adults are vulnerable to forgetting delayed intentions over short intervals with relatively few time cues in a naturalistic-setting. However, when permitted to use external aids older adults can compensate for this cognitive vulnerability, and show similar high levels of performance to their own performance on event-based and time-of-day tasks.
The second key empirical investigation is related to the generally hypothesised mediating role of facets of executive functioning on age-effects on PM, particularly for putatively high demand tasks. In a very novel study in the age-PM field, for the first time four different PM measures were combined in a single study to investigate individual differences in facets of executive functioning mediating age-effects on PM. The study used a large sample of older adults (n = 104; range 60–87 years) who performed the laboratory paradigm Virtual Week, two clinical measures, the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMT), and the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST), and the MEMO. The results showed that there were age-effects for the PM measures that presumably had the highest cognitive demands in so far as they do not permit external aids, that is Virtual Week and the MIST (external aids are allowed in the CAMPROMT and in the present study’s use of the MEMO paradigm). Contrary to previous studies using abstract PM paradigms in the laboratory, older adults’ performance on these relatively naturalistic (even familiar) PM task types showed some relationship to retrospective memory processes, processing speed, and age, but virtually no relationship to separable facets of executive functioning. The models tested included both parallel mediation models, in which both executive and non-executive cognitive processes were measured, and a serial mediation model with processing speed hypothesised to impact executive processes which in turn influence PM task performance. The lack of evidence for both these models suggest that PM is a relatively independent functional construct that is affected by age in some circumstances, regardless of individual differences in executive functioning, and is also sometimes independent of both age and executive functioning processes. The present thesis thus indicates potential boundary conditions for both the manifestation of the age-PM paradox and the mediating role of executive functions on age-related changes in PM.
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Bowman, Candice Anthea. "The Development of Prospective Memory Across Adolescence: A Behavioural and Event-Related Potential Analysis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366336.
Full textAbstract:
Remembering to carry out a planned intention in some point in the future (e.g., pass a message to a friend) is an important cognitive function vital for day-to-day functioning. This cognitive function is referred to as Prospective memory (PM) and is considered to be essential for autonomous behaviour. Although there has been extensive research into the decline of PM in older adulthood, little is known about the
developmental trajectory of PM throughout adolescence, a time of important brain maturation. Research in the development of PM across adolescence has been limited, and the previous studies that have examined PM development in adolescents have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore in the present thesis, the development of PM was examined in 85 participants across the following groups: 12- to 13-year-olds (n = 22), 14- to 15-year-olds (n = 23), 16- to 17-year-olds (n = 20), and 18- to 19-year-olds (n = 28). A series of three studies were conducted to examine the specific processes that contribute
to PM development in adolescence.
The aim of Study 1 was to examine the development of PM across adolescence using an event-based PM task that varied in cue frequency. More specifically, a 6-cue (10 min) and a 30-cue (30 min) event-based PM task (with font-colour stimuli as PM cues) and a lexical-decision for the ongoing task were used. By manipulating the cue frequency, this study could clarify the basis of any observed age-related difference of PM performance in adolescence. In addition, a retrospective memory (RM) task (viz.,
Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Revised [HVLT-R]) was administered to see if RM and PM have a different developmental trajectory in adolescence.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Trawley, Steven. "Prospective memory benefits from contextual support : differential effects of working memory load." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441039.
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Tiller, Susannah Jane. "Noticing plus search in event-based prospective memory /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18921.pdf.
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Cuttler, Carrie. "The prospective memory deficit theory of compulsive checking." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5280.
Full textAbstract:
Checking compulsions are the most common manifestation of obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD), yet the mechanisms which contribute to them are not well understood.
According to one prominent theory — the memory deficit theory — individuals’ compulsions to
check are fueled by a deficit in memory which makes it difficult for them to remember
performing a previous action (e.g., locking a door). The main goal of this dissertation is to
examine the link between memory deficits and checking compulsions. This examination in
carried out in the context of two domains of memory: retrospective memory and prospective
memory.
A review of the literature on memory in OCD shows that previous research on the
memory deficit theory has focused almost exclusively on the domain of retrospective memory,
the ability to remember previously learned information and events. More importantly, the review
demonstrates that deficits in this domain of memory are not unique to checkers and therefore
do not hold the power to explain the compulsion to check. The review further examines the
memory deficit theory in the domain of prospective memory, the ability to remember to carry out
actions (e.g., lock a door). It reviews two of the studies presented in the dissertation which
demonstrate deficits in sub-clinical checkers’ prospective memory and it provides some
supplementary analyses which show that deficits in prospective memory are unique to checkers
and therefore may hold the power to explain the compulsion to check.
Three empirical studies demonstrating that sub-clinical checking compulsions are
associated with subjective and objective deficits in prospective memory comprise the body of
the dissertation. Two of the studies show that the link between checking compulsions and
objective deficits in prospective memory is direct and independent from elevations in
depression, anxiety and distractibility associated with checking compulsions.
The results are used as initial support for the theory that checking compulsions may
develop in part as a compensatory reaction to deficits in prospective memory. If individuals
frequently forget to perform tasks they may develop intrusive doubts about whether they
performed important tasks and when the perceived consequences of a failure are serious these
doubts may lead to checking.
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Barr, Arlene Cameron. "Prospective memory functioning after stroke : a research portfolio." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6049.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Prospective memory is the ability to remember to carry out previously planned actions at an appropriate point in the future. Impairments in prospective memory have been found in a range of neurological conditions. While it is assumed that stroke patients will have similar deficits, there is currently a dearth of evidence to support this. Methods: A between-subjects design was employed to compare 22 community-dwelling stroke patients to 22 healthy adult controls on a standardised objective measure of prospective memory. Subjective reports of everyday memory were measured using a validated questionnaire. Standardised tests were also administered to measure retrospective memory and executive functioning. Results: Stroke patient’s prospective memory performance was significantly poorer than controls. Depression had a significant influence on time-based prospective memory tasks. Executive functioning was shown to be a good predictor of overall prospective memory ability. Stroke patient’s insight into their everyday memory abilities was incomplete. Conclusion: Prospective memory abilities are reduced after stroke. In light of the potential impact of such difficulties on everyday functioning, this aspect of cognitive functioning should be routinely assessed in clinical practice.
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Magnuson, Scott A. "THE EFFECTS OF CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS ON PROSPECTIVE MEMORY." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1372205700.
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Clark, Michael. "Working Memory Processes in the Encoding of Intentions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4629/.
Full textAbstract:
The primary interest of this investigation concerned working memory functioning and cue/act discrimination during encoding of intentions. The study included manipulations of working memory and intention load to investigate the encoding processes related to prospective memory (PM). Three experiments are presented that involve working memory distraction tasks at the time of encoding the PM intentions, as well as varying numbers of cues and actions. In the first experiment three cues were paired with one action, in the second, one cue with three actions, and in the third, three cues with three actions. Results suggest that the central executive is involved in binding a cue to an action, and that this operation is key to PM success. Furthermore, the phonological loop seems primarily involved with processing of cues and the visuospatial sketchpad with actions. It is further proposed that the processes of the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad must be successful before the central executive can bind the cues and acts together, which is possibly the most important part in the encoding of intentions. By directly examining PM at the time of encoding, information was gained that allows for a more complete understanding of the nature of how we form and execute intentions.
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Crease, Michelle. "Thanks for the memory failures : priming memory fallibility and interpretations of prospective and retrospective memory failures." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44816.
Full textAbstract:
Retrospective memory is the cognitive function associated with recalling details from the past, (e.g., someone’s name) whereas prospective memory is the cognitive function associated with recalling an intention or plan in the future (e.g., attending a meeting). There is an interesting hypothesis that states prospective memory failures (e.g., forgetting about a meeting) tend to be interpreted as personality flaws while retrospective memory failures (e.g., forgetting someone’s name) tend to be interpreted as simply memory breakdowns. Recent research has supported this hypothesis, however little is known about the properties of the memory failures that might influence the biases in interpretations or the underlying cognitive processes of the effect.
Three experiments were designed to address these important issues. The first experiment examined sociality and importance of the memory failures as potential properties influencing interpretations. Participants were presented with memory failure vignettes that varied on these dimensions, and the bias towards personality flaw interpretations of prospective memory failures only occurred memory failures were social in nature. Furthermore, the effect was slightly weakened by the perspective from which the vignettes were written (the participant’s perspective). The second experiment developed a priming procedure that successfully induced a sense of self-perceived memory fallibility by requiring participants to generate examples of prospective and retrospective memory failures they had committed. In the third experiment this priming procedure was implemented prior to vignette interpretations with the objective of manipulating the interpretations bias. The results of Experiment 3 indicated that the priming manipulation reduced differences in the interpretations participants offered for prospective versus retrospective memory failures, particularly in terms of the seriousness, personality flaw, and poor memory interpretations of prospective failures. These results suggest that the priming procedure facilitated empathy the protagonist, and in this way reduced this interpretation bias.
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Pavawalla, Shital Prabodh. "Prospective memory following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury a formal multinomial modeling approach /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2009/s_pavawalla_071909.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in psychology)--Washington State University, August 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 19, 2009). "Department of Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-36).
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Gao, Junling, and 高峻岭. "Neural basis of prospective memory in normal and abnormal ageing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44530195.
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Wang, Yao. "Exploring the Role of Prospective Memory in Location-Based Reminders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77583.
Full textAbstract:
Location-based reminder systems (LBRs) are typically used to remind people to complete a to-do task at a particular location. People use their prospective memory to remember future to-do tasks. However, the current design of LBRs fails to take advantage of human prospective memory theory. In this dissertation, I propose a framework connecting human prospective memory theory with LBRs. My work applies human prospective memory into the technical design of LBRs. The goal of my work is to make the reminder work more consistently with how human memory works.
Prospective memory research suggests that encoding of the location and familiarity with the location have an impact on prospective remembering. I conducted two empirical studies to test how this theoretical knowledge applies to LBRs. In one experiment, I hypothesized that if the encoding stage provides a closer match to the retrieval stage in LBRs, then location recognition and task recall should improve at retrieval time. The results indicate that providing a first-person view (street view of the desired location) at the encoding stage benefits prospective remembering the most.
Prospective memory theory also suggests that the familiarity with the external cue has a significant influence on prospective remembering. In the second experiment, I hypothesized that familiarity with a location has an impact on the location recognition at the retrieval. The results show that the encoding interface is used differently for familiar and unfamiliar cities and businesses to support recognizing a target location.
The findings have implications for the design of future LBRs. I designed an LBR prototype by applying these empirical research findings and conducted a usability evaluation. Future designers of LBR should consider 1) providing more support in matching the encoding stage to the eventual cue in retrieval stage and 2) involving user’s familiarity level with the places at the encoding stage to provide a better user experience. My work showed the importance of using prospective memory theory in the design of LBR systems.Ph. D.
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Hockey, Andrew. "Inhibitory Control Processing of Prospective Memory: An ERP Investigation." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/419080.
Full textAbstract:
Prospective memory supports the retrieval and execution of delayed intentions stored in retrospective memory whilst maintaining the focus of attention on ongoing task demands. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how inhibitory control is engaged to manage delayed intention representations at different stages of PM information processing to minimize the influence of interference on task performance outcomes. This was achieved over three studies analyzing behavioural and event related potential data recorded while participants managed different competing prospective memory and ongoing task demands. Study 1 replicated and extended prior research comparing the effect that different PM response selection demands have on electrophysiological correlates of prospective memory performance. Results demonstrated that increased inhibitory control supported middle stage working memory context updating (late parietal complex 400-700ms) and late-stage task coordination processes (late parietal complex 700-1000ms) when participants had to inhibit ongoing task processing to provide an immediate prospective memory response. Study 2 investigated the role of inhibitory control while managing unwanted delayed intention information retrieved from retrospective memory. Old-prospective memory cue presentations induced interference which was isolated to late occurring electrophysiological activity occurring over parietal electrode sites (late parietal complex 700-1000ms). These corresponded to the timeframe in which retrospective memory retrieval was expected to occur. Last, motor control processing in prospective memory was investigated in Study 3 by manipulating motor-stopping and prospective memory response selection demands. Middle-stage prospective memory processing was especially influenced by the induction of increased motor inhibition processing (late parietal complex 400-700ms).
Overall, this thesis shows that interference control in prospective memory occurs over multiple stages of information processing. It highlights a close proximal association between ii inhibition and the context updating of delayed intention representations in working memory based on the early visual cue detection and categorization processes and middle stage retrospective memory retrieval mechanisms, each of which culminates in the selection of different response outcomes. Most important, findings obtained over the three studies indicate that interference control evolved over multiple epochs, contingent on context dependent variations in task demand placed on attention. Electrophysiological correlates of early visual cue detection mechanisms (posterior N200 and N300) were not directly modulated by different inhibitory control demands. But the timing and amplitude of these varied significantly between task conditions, indicating that the preliminary selection of different task-sets was facilitated by the integration of variable stimulus – response associations in visual working memory. Middle and later stage information processes on the other hand appeared to be modulated by different interference control processes, the electrophysical expression of which varied depending on the nature and timing that different stimulus-response conflicts occurred, and relative accessibility of various task representations in working memory.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Aberle, Ingo. "Don’t forget to remember – Prospective memory across the lifespan." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-25273.
Full textAbstract:
Prospective memory refers to the ability to remember to carry out delayed intentions, more precisely, to remember to initiate and execute an intended action at some point in the future. The development and progression of prospective memory across the lifespan is still heavily under debate. Only few studies have so far investigated prospective memory development in childhood, revealing an inconsistent pattern. In adulthood, studies in the laboratory and naturalistic studies showed paradoxical results with age deficits in the laboratory and age benefits in naturalistic tasks. Up to now, no conceptual model has been suggested to guide research on prospective memory development across the lifespan. Thus, the present work examined the effect of central factors from the multiprocess framework (McDaniel & Einstein, 2000) on the development of prospective memory in four different age-groups: pre-schoolers, school-age children, young and old adults.
The first study explored the role of task motivation in age differences in prospective memory performance across the pre-school age-range. No main effect of age or motivation in prospective memory performance was found, yet a significant interaction, indicating that for younger children motivation or task importance may help allocating the available resources to the task elements of interest.
Evidence from the second study indicated that 9-10 year old school children outperform 6-7 year old school children on a measure of prospective memory, and that retrieval-based factors (ongoing task absorption, cue salience, cue focality) systematically influenced performance. Of particular importance for possible developmental mechanisms was the finding of an age x cue focality interaction, suggesting that age effects may be modulated by cue focality.
The third study examined the effect of task setting in a laboratory procedure and the effect of motivation in a naturalistic procedure on prospective memory performance in young and older adults. Results from the laboratory prospective memory procedure revealed significant age-related decline for irregular tasks but not for regular and focal tasks. In addition, in the naturalistic procedure, the age benefit was eliminated when young adults were motivated by incentives.
Results from the present work indicated that already pre-school age children were able to remember to perform intended actions and this ability increased across school-age. In adulthood, the results revealed a decline with age on a pure performance level. Yet, older adults may be able to compensate for basic cognitive impairments if task conditions reduce the need for controlled attention. Furthermore, the present work suggest, that factors of the multiprocess framework may indeed affect age-differences in prospective memory performance throughout the lifespan, as cue focality and task importance were related to prospective memory development in children and adults. Thus, the multiprocess approach might serve as foundation for a lifespan theory of the development of prospective memory.
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Cohen, Anna-Lisa. "Prospective memory and aging, the effect of perceptual salience." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0006/MQ41374.pdf.
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McGann, Deborah. "Prospective memory : processes and the influence of divided attention." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265626.
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Martin, Jessie D. "Cognitive control and prospective memory performance: A mediation approach." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54324.
Full textAbstract:
The majority of memory research, and research on its cognitive underpinnings has thus far focused on retrospective memory, or memory for things learned or rehearsed in the past. More recently, however, prospective memory, or the memory for future intentions, has become a major area of research. It is theorized that prospective and retrospective memory may both rely on similar constituent parts such as working memory and selective attention; the relationship between these constructs and prospective memory is, however, significantly less clear than for retrospective memory. In this study we sought to further clarify the role that cognitive process play in prospective memory performance using an SEM approach that included monitoring as a mediating variable in addition to focal, non-focal, and time-based prospective memory task condition. Results suggest a monitoring component is important in both focal and non-focal conditions, and that the type of monitoring observed in this study is related primarily to proactive interference, and reflects participants’ ability to disengage from no longer relevant stimuli¬¬¬.
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Randall, Susan E. "Age differences in prospective memory: Laboratory versus naturalistic settings." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2016. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/6ca718c44524b548e1e277bb919ecc3462b3609d6a958c36296c5a5c1b01b76c/4844462/Randall_2016_Age_differences_in_prospective_memory.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember and perform intended actions at the appropriate point in the future. PM is a cognitive ability that is vital to many aspects of daily functioning, and it is particularly important for older adults who wish to maintain functional independence. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate factors that potentially contribute to the age-PM paradox. The age-PM paradox refers to the contrasting age effects on PM performance with age-related deficits observed on laboratory tasks, but no age differences or even age-related benefits observed on naturalistic tasks. Several proposed factors that possibly contribute to the age-PM paradox were examined in two tangential studies. Firstly, a descriptive study of self-directed PM tasks in daily life was conducted. The study examined how the context of PM task completion in the real world might vary between young and older adults, as such differences may contribute to age differences in naturalistic PM performance. To improve upon previous naturalistic studies, the study employed an experience-sampling method to capture PM successes and failures throughout the day. Contrary to popular belief, the findings suggest that dissimilarities in the demands of everyday life and the usage of external reminders, such as diaries, cannot explain the improved naturalistic PM performance of older adults. However, older adults were found to regard their PM tasks as important more often than young adults. Older adults also rehearsed their PM intentions more frequently than young adults. Thus, it is possible that the age benefit observed in naturalistic settings is related to older adults’ motivation and their ability to plan and rehearse their PM tasks within their own environment. Relatively few instances of PM failures were reported by both age groups. Further evidence suggests that participants retrieved their PM intentions through both spontaneous retrieval and strategic monitoring processes, which provides support for the multiprocess framework of PM. The second study rigorously examined whether the comparison of inherently dissimilar tasks could be contributing to the age-PM paradox. Laboratory PM tasks are predominantly event-based tasks, while naturalistic PM tasks are typically time-based, occurring at a set time of day. To address the lack of task comparability across settings, novel naturalistic PM measures were developed to objectively assess PM performance on three types of tasks: event-based, scheduled time-based (typical of prior naturalistic studies), and time-check tasks (typical of prior laboratory studies). The study is the first investigation of age differences in laboratory and naturalistic settings on all three types of PM tasks using the same participant sample in both settings. Laboratory PM performance was assessed using a computerised version of Virtual Week, which simulates activities of daily life in a board game format. Naturalistic PM performance was assessed using smartphones and an application developed specifically for this thesis. In the laboratory, age-related deficits were observed on all three task types. However, in the naturalistic setting, older adults performed better than young adults on scheduled time-based tasks, performed just as well as the young adults on event-based tasks, and performed equally poorly on time-check tasks. The findings suggest that older adults demonstrate improved PM performance in everyday life when the PM tasks possess an event-like quality, which allows for further environmental support for successful task completion. Regardless of the setting, older adults consistently exhibited poor performance on time-check tasks. This finding suggests that older adults’ PM performance suffers when the PM tasks are particularly demanding and rely heavily on effortful monitoring processes for intention retrieval. Overall, the current research suggests that the age-PM paradox cannot be completely explained by contextual differences surrounding naturalistic PM performance or by the lack of task comparability across settings in the existing literature. However, given the substantial improvement in older adults’ naturalistic performance on scheduled time-based tasks, but not on time-check tasks, this thesis highlights the importance of this relatively rare time-based task distinction when considering the age-PM paradox. Taken together, the studies indicate that older adults’ naturalistic PM performance benefits from explicit cues, environmental support, and the ability to plan and rehearse PM intentions.
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O'Leary, Catherine. "Event-based prospective memory in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13993.
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Learning and memory seem to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Previous research has, however, been limited to the study of retrospective memory (i.e., episodic or declarative memory) in children with a history of prenatal alcohol exposure. Recently, memory researchers have turned their attention to the study of prospective memory (PM), or the ability to realize and act on delayed intentions, in clinical populations. There are no published studies exploring PM in FASD, however. Prospective remembering is reliant on declarative memory as well as intact executive functioning, both of which are known to be impaired in FASD. The current study aimed, therefore, to investigate event-based PM functioning in a longitudinal cohort of children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. It also aimed to investigate whether the relation between prenatal alcohol exposure and prospective memory was influenced by IQ, executive functioning, or retrospective memory.
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Fish, Jess. "Errorless learning of prospective memory tasks : an experimental investigation in people with memory disorders." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/errorless-learning-of-prospective-memory-tasks-an-experimental-investigation-in-people-with-memory-disorders(b95bd92a-317e-45d5-b85f-1e53ab8e88d0).html.
Full textAbstract:
Prospective Memory (PM), or the ability to act upon delayed intentions, is cognitively complex as it requires a combination of mnemonic, attentional and executive abilities. PM tasks can be particularly challenging for people with cognitive impairment, and it is important to identify effective means of rehabilitation. Errorless Learning (EL) is an encoding technique that results in superior recall and recognition memory performance compared with ‘errorful’ learning in people with memory impairment. This so-called ‘Errorless Learning advantage’ (ELA) has been attributed to implicit memory processes (Page et al., 2006), and there is a basis for predicting a similar beneficial effect on PM performance. However, PM tasks vary in their retrieval demands, some involving environmentally-cued retrieval of a cue-action association (referred to as Event-based PM tasks), and some requiring self-cued retrieval of the action to be performed (referred to as Time-based PM tasks). Event-based PM performance may, therefore, be seen to rely more upon mnemonic processes, and Time-based PM performance on more executive processes. Given there is no evidence suggesting an ELA for executive tasks, differential effects of EL on Time- and Event-based PM tasks were predicted. This study investigated these predictions. Fourteen participants with neurological memory impairment completed four computer-based PM tasks in a within-subjects 2x2 factorial experiment, with each factor having two levels: encoding method (Errorless, Errorful), and PM task type (Timebased, Event-based). A significant ELA was observed for Event-based PM (d=.63), but not for Time-based PM (d=-.01), and the interaction between encoding condition and task type approached significance (d=.41). Errorless Learning also resulted in reduced accuracy in participants’ retrospective estimates of how many opportunities there had been to perform the PM tasks, suggesting that encoding manipulations can affect metacognitive awareness of PM performance. These findings extend the existing evidence for the benefits of Errorless Learning within cognitive rehabilitation, by showing for the first time that EL can benefit future action in addition to performance on purely retrospective learning and retrieval tasks. There are also clear clinical implications of these results; day-to-day Event-based PM tasks (e.g. take your medication with breakfast, check you’ve got your keys before you go out the front door), if learned with Errorless methods, are more likely to be acted upon than tasks where errors have been made during learning.
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Parks, Sherrie L. "The Influence of Stereotype Threat on Prospective Memory in Middle to Late Adulthood." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1215.
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Prospective memory, memory to perform future intended actions, is an important component of independent living for older adults. The current study examined prospective memory performance in 120 adults (Young-Old; 45-64 years old and Old; 65 - 87 years old) using Virtual Week (Rendell & Craik, 2000; Rendell & Henry, 2009). Virtual week was used to assess performance for regular and irregular event based, regular and irregular time based, and time check prospective memory tasks. Prospective memory performance under conditions of stereotype threat, stereotype boost, and a neutral condition was also examined. Stereotype threat occurs when individuals fear their behavior will confirm a negative opinion regarding one’s in-group. Older adults completed fewer prospective memory tasks compared to participants in the Young-Old group. No effect of stereotype condition on completion of prospective memory tasks was observed. The implication that stereotype threat may influence memory systems differently, as well as the possible role of the positivity effect on performance is considered.
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Purnama, Herwina D. "Effects of cue-action association and importance on prospective memory." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19263.pdf.
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Thorpe, Kiaran Kay. "The influence of monitoring and executive functions on prospective memory /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09HS/09hst518.pdf.
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Fish, J. E. "Assessment and rehabilitation of prospective memory in acquired brain injury." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599039.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines several related issues regarding the neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation of ‘Prospective Memory’ (PM; remembering to act upon delayed intentions). Chapter one first considers theoretical accounts of PM and related functions. It then summarises clinical and experimental assessment procedures in this area, before examining both restorative and compensatory treatments for PM problems. Chapter two presents data from three related studies on the assessment of PM, examining the concordance between laboratory tests, performance measures taking place over extended time periods, and attainment of real life goals. Chapters three and four examine potential modulatory effects of note-taking on PM performance, and of reward on PM and executive functioning, respectively. Although results from both studies were inconclusive, implications for further research are discussed. Chapter five presents an analysis of data from a large-scale randomised control trial of a paper messaging service for people with acquired memory disorders, in particular examining the effects of executive function on outcome and maintenance of treatment benefits. Chapter six is a rehabilitation case study of a woman with severe executive dysfunction following bilateral frontal lobe damage, where the effects of two treatment strategies, a checklist and a pager, on attainment of functional goals were examined within a single-case experimental design. Chapter seven examines a strategy aimed at supporting ‘monitoring’ processes, implemented with mobile telephones, in terms of its effect upon everyday PM performance. Chapter eight, the general discussion, examines the contribution of the studies presented in this thesis to the existing literature on the assessment and rehabilitation of PM, explores the clinical applications of this work, and suggests future directions for research.
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Landsiedel, Julia. "Prospective memory in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/66668/.
Full textAbstract:
Prospective memory (PM) or memory for delayed intentions refers to the ability to remember to carry out a planned intention at an appropriate moment in the future. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by a cognitive profile of strengths and weaknesses, which suggest that PM may be a challenge for individuals with this condition. A small group of studies investigating PM in ASD have produced heterogeneous evidence. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to advance our understanding of PM abilities in ASD. Based on a meta-analysis as well as a thorough review of the existing literature, the experiments in this thesis targeted two main questions. (1) What underpins time-based PM problems in ASD and how could they be addressed? (2) Is event-based PM in ASD impaired or spared? The findings in this thesis indicate that ASD is characterised by time-based PM impairments, which were related to executive functioning, on the one hand, whereas on the other hand event-based PM abilities remain spared. The theoretical and practical implications of these results, as well as directions for future research are discussed.
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Cruz, San Martin Gabriela Paz. "Neural correlates of prospective memory : an EEG and ICA approach." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5850/.
Full textAbstract:
Have you ever entered a room and wondered ‘What am I supposed to do here?’ or have you ever forgotten to turn off the oven, hang your clothes to dry or make a phone call. These examples illustrate the relevance of ‘prospective memory’ or ‘delayed intentions’ in our daily life activities. Prospective memory is the ability to remember to do something after a delay. This thesis addresses three questions relevant to understand maintenance and execution of intentions: Is attention required to retrieve delayed intentions? What does monitoring mean in the context of prospective memory? Is prospective memory a discrete memory system or it is based on already known attentional and memory mechanisms? To answer these questions, we used electroencephalography (EEG), in (traditional) non-movement and free-movement experimental paradigms. We explored the neural substrate of prospective memory across its different stages: (1) holding intentions during a delay, (2) detecting the right context to perform the delayed intention, and (3) retrieving the content of the intention (the action to be performed). Two types of prospective memory tasks were used: Event-based prospective memory (performing a delayed intention in response to an external cue) and time-based prospective memory (performing the intention at a particular time). Results indicate that: prospective memory always requires attention, at least in experimental contexts; monitoring involves different mechanisms depending on the particular features of the prospective memory task and; prospective memory is not a discrete memory system, but relies on well-established mechanisms for attention and executive control.
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Altgassen, Mareike, Anett Kretschmer, and Matthias Kliegel. "Task Dissociation in Prospective Memory Performance in Individuals With ADHD." Sage, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35645.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The present study investigated, for the first time, event- and time-based prospective memory (PM) in the same sample of adults with ADHD within one paradigm using parallel task constraints. Method: A total of 25 individuals with ADHD and 25 matched neurotypical controls completed a computerized version of the Dresden Breakfast Task, which required participants to prepare breakfast following a set of rules and time restrictions.
Results: Although groups did not differ in event-based PM, results demonstrated a large-sized impairment in individuals with ADHD in time-based PM.
Conclusion: Findings suggest a task-specific impairment in PM functioning and are discussed in an executive control framework of neurocognitive functioning in ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. 2014; 18(7) 617-624)
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Moyer, Michael R. "How Prospective Memory Affects Outcomes in a Simulated Medical Environment." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1384427428.
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Braidwood, Ruth. "Prospective memory and future event simulation in frequent cannabis users." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1574532/.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Frequent cannabis users have been found to show impaired memory for past events, but it is not clear whether they are also impaired in prospective memory for future events. Aims. To objectively assess prospective memory (PM) in frequent cannabis users (one group dependent on cannabis, and one group non-dependent) compared to non-using controls, and to examine the effects of future event simulation (FES) on PM performance. To explore depression, anxiety and ‘schizotypy’ across groups. Design. An independent groups design. Setting. University College London. Participants. Fifty-four participants (18 dependent cannabis users, 18 non-dependent cannabis users and 18 controls) took part and were matched on age, gender, and highest level of education. Measures. The Virtual Week was used to assess PM abilities, with and without FES. Other measures: Cannabis Use Potency Questionnaire (CPU-Q), immediate and delayed prose recall, phonemic and category fluency, Spot-the-Word, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and a measure of schizotypy (O-LIFE: Unusual Experiences). Results. There were no group differences in PM performance on the Virtual Week, and FES did not improve PM performance. Dependent cannabis users scored higher on depression, anxiety and schizotypy than both other groups (non-dependent cannabis users and controls, who scored similarly). Conclusions. When carefully matched on baseline variables, cannabis users do not differ from non-using controls on PM. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Kellogg, Emily Jane. "Effects of Motivation on Prospective Memory Performance in Huntington's Disease." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7313.
Full textAbstract:
Prospective memory (PM) refers to memory for future intentions and involves several cognitive processes including memory, executive functions, and attention. PM has been studied extensively in clinical populations in which these cognitive processes are impaired but has only recently been studied in Huntington’s disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease of the basal ganglia that is associated with neuropsychiatric, movement, and cognitive changes. The purpose of the present study was to further examine PM in HD, as well as investigate the influence of impulsivity on PM performance and whether a monetary incentive (either reward or loss) would improve PM performance. Results of the current study indicated that overall individuals with HD performed worse on a PM task compared to Controls. Control participants evidenced significantly better PM performance when they could have potentially lost money compared to a Neutral PM task. HD participants demonstrated a similar pattern of findings at a trending significance level. Impulsivity, as measured by the total score on the BIS-11, was not related to PM performance in either group. Controls scored significantly higher on a self-reported measure of prospective and retrospective memory (PRMQ) relative to HD participants with a trending association between the PRMQ and PM performance in Controls, but no association in HD participants. While there was a significant difference between groups on a recognition test of PM cues, there was no difference between groups on a free recall test of PM task instructions. These results build upon previous research that has found PM deficits in HD by investigating possible factors that may improve PM performance in this clinical population. Future research should investigate other motivational factors that may further increase PM performance in HD.