Journal articles on the topic 'Prospective injury association'
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Maujean, Annick, David Shum, and Rachel McQueen. "Effect of Cognitive Demand on Prospective Memory in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury." Brain Impairment 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2003): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.4.2.135.27024.
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AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of cognitive demand on prospective-memory in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using a dual-task paradigm. Fourteen individuals with severe TBI and 14 matched controls were required to undertake two tasks. A lexical-decision task was used as an ongoing task and had two levels of cognitive demand (viz., low and high). The event-based prospective-memory task involved performing a specific action whenever a target stimulus appeared during the ongoing task. The Letter-Number Sequencing Test, the Tower of London and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test were also administered to assess the relationship between prefrontal lobe functions and prospective memory. As hypothesised, participants in the TBI group performed more poorly than participants in the control group on the prospective-memory task in the high but not in the low demand condition. There were significant correlations between prospective-memory task performance and scores on the Letter-Number Sequencing Test and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test. These findings help to clarify the nature of prospective-memory impairment in individuals with TBI and support the involvement of prefrontal processes in prospective remembering.
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Ali Ramadan, Asmaa. "Prospective study of the association of coagulopathy and isolated traumatic brain injury." Biolife 3, no. 2 (May 27, 2015): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17812/blj2015.32.23.
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Marshall, R. E., J. S. Milligan-Saville, Z. Steel, R. A. Bryant, P. B. Mitchell, and S. B. Harvey. "A prospective study of pre-employment psychological testing amongst police recruits." Occupational Medicine 70, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa008.
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Abstract Background Pre-employment psychological screening to detect psychological vulnerability is common amongst emergency service organizations worldwide, yet the evidence for its ability to predict poor mental health outcomes is limited with published studies looking at post-recruitment research data rather than data collected by the organizations themselves. Aims The present study sought to investigate the ability of pre-employment screening to predict later psychological injury-related absenteeism amongst police officers. Methods A nested case–control study using prospective data was conducted. One hundred and fifty police officers with a liability-accepted psychological injury were matched to a control group of 150 psychologically healthy officers. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine associations between Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) scales measuring factors research has shown to predict psychological injury (Neuroticism, Psychoticism, Introversion, Disconstraint and Aggressiveness) and psychopathology (Depression, Anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) with subsequent psychological injury. Results Contrary to expectations, we were unable to demonstrate any association between validated pre-employment measures of personality and psychopathology with mental health outcomes amongst newly recruited police officers over a 7-year follow-up. Conclusions Other measures may be better able to predict future mental health problems in police recruits.
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Carreira, Dominic S., Daniel B. Shaw, Thomas G. Harris, Kirk A. McCullough, Christopher D. Kreulen, RobRoy Martin, and Jorge I. Acevedo. "Osteochondral and Ligament Injury Patterns in Ankle Fractures: A Prospective Multi-Center Study." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 2 (April 2022): 2473011421S0052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00523.
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Category: Ankle; Arthroscopy; Sports; Trauma; Other Introduction/Purpose: When treating ankle fractures, the presence of talar osteochondral lesions and the extent of ligamentous injury are associated with the severity of injury. The Danis-Weber classification system has been used to predict potential ligament damage. The purpose of this study is to validate the ligament injury patterns that have been proposed to occur with the Danis-Weber Classification and identify the cartilage injury pattern that occurs on the talus with each fracture type. Methods: A prospective, multi-center foot and ankle arthroscopy registry was queried for patients who underwent arthroscopic treatment of ankle fractures. Preoperative and intraoperative findings were noted, including the Danis-Weber fracture classification, presence and location of osteochondral damage, and unstable deltoid, and/or syndesmotic ligaments. Kendall's tau-b, a nonparametric correlation coefficient for ordinal variables, was used to measure the strength and direction of association between Weber fracture type and the presence of a syndesmotic injury, deltoid ligament tear, medial malleolus fracture, or osteochondral lesion. The locations of osteochondral damage were compared as percentages. Results: 73 subjects were prospectively collected as part of a multicenter ankle arthroscopy database. Average subject age was 43 years (SD = 17) with 59% female and 41% male. A significant association between the presence of a syndesmotic injury and fracture type was identified, with syndesmotic injuries more likely occurring with a Weber C fracture (p < 0.0005). A significant association was not identified between Weber classification and a deltoid tear or medial malleolus fracture (p = 0.47, p = 0.79). Location of the talar osteochondral lesions were as follows: 22% medial-anterior, 22% lateral-anterior, 22% lateral-central, 17% central-anterior, 9% medial-central, 4% later-posterior, 4% central. There was no significant association identified between Weber classification and the location of the osteochondral injury (p = 0.99). Conclusion: Concurrent injuries with syndesmotic disruption, deltoid ligament tears, medial malleolus fractures, and osteochondral lesions have been proposed to be associated with Weber C ankle fractures. However, in this multicenter study, only syndesmotic injuries were associated with the Weber C classification. This study found similar rates of medial malleolus fractures and osteochondral lesions in Weber B and C type fractures.
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Biswakarma, Pushpa, and Punam Limbu. "Dural Injury During Placement of Burrholes- Single Center Study." Eastern Green Neurosurgery 2, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/egn.v2i1.27460.
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Background and purpose: Dural tear is one of the unpleasant complications for the neurosurgeon during craniotomy. The injury might be outer dural injury or complete dural tear in nature. With the objective to see the frequency of dural injury and to analysis the association factor this study was performed prospectively.
Material and method: This is a Prospective analytical study over the duration of 2 months. All the consecutive patients, who operated for neurosurgical pathologies where drill burr was necessary, were included in this study. Association between age, gender, diagnosis category and number of burrs and dural injury was done using Fischer’s exact test or correlation whenever necessary.
Result: There were total of 19 patients enrolled in the study with mean age of patient in this study was 49.11 (S.D 17.13) years. Majority of them were male (79%) and head injury (47%) was the commonest pathology in the study. correlation between number of burr and dural tear was significant
Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between age and dural injury. However, significant correlation was seen between number of burr holes made during the procedure with dural injury.
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Guan, Yanfei, Shannon S. D. Bredin, Jack Taunton, Qinxian Jiang, Nana Wu, and Darren E. R. Warburton. "Association between Inter-Limb Asymmetries in Lower-Limb Functional Performance and Sport Injury: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11020360.
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Background: Inter-limb asymmetry in lower-limb functional performance has been associated with increased risk of sport injury; however, findings are not always consistent. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review on whether inter-limb asymmetry in lower-limb functional performance can predict sport injury. Methods: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SportDiscus) were systematically searched for prospective cohort studies reporting the association between inter-limb asymmetry in lower-limb functional performance and sport injury. Results: A total of 28 prospective cohort studies were included in the analyses. Collectively, the findings were highly inconsistent, and a clear statement on the association between each asymmetry and sport injury was difficult. Conclusions: Highly inconsistent findings make it difficult to create clear recommendations on the relationship between the inter-limb asymmetry in lower-limb functional performance (power, muscle flexibility, and dynamic balance) and sport injury. The influence of potential factors (selection of tests/parameters, participant characteristics, definition of injury, and ways of calculating asymmetry) should be considered when using previous findings.
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FLEMING, JENNIFER, LEE RILEY, HANNAH GILL, MATTHEW J. GULLO, JENNY STRONG, and DAVID SHUM. "Predictors of prospective memory in adults with traumatic brain injury." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 14, no. 5 (September 2008): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617708080971.
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Previous studies have established that prospective memory is commonly affected following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study examines whether demographic factors, injury severity and site, executive function, and metacognitive factors predict prospective memory performance in adults with TBI, using a cross-sectional multivariate correlational model. Prospective memory of 44 adults (mean age = 30 years) with severe TBI was measured by the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT) time-based and event-based scores. Using stepwise multiple regression, the time-based score was predicted by the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) Animals subtest score, length of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) and use of note-taking on the CAMPROMPT. The event-based score was predicted by length of PTA and COWAT Animals score. Therefore, patients with longer periods of PTA and executive function impairment may be expected to display poorer prospective memory. Note-taking was associated with improved performance on time-based prospective memory tasks. (JINS, 2008,14, 823–831.)
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Son, Boae, Young Jae Cho, Hee Seong Jeong, and Sae Yong Lee. "Injuries in Korean Elite Taekwondo Athletes: A Prospective Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 5143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145143.
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This prospective cohort study aimed to identify the incidence and characteristics of Taekwondo-related injuries according to age, sex, and event type (i.e., practice or competition) based on a web-based injury surveillance system (ISS) with a follow-up period of 12 months. A total of 285 members of the Korea Taekwondo Association who competed in the 2016 season participated. Injury incidence rates (IRs) were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Injury rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and compared regarding age, sex, and event type. During the season, 336 injuries were reported, resulting in a rate of 6.31/1000 AEs. The most common location, type, and mechanism of injury in Taekwondo athletes were the foot/ankle, ligament sprain, and contact with another player, respectively. The overall injury IRs associated with Taekwondo practicing and competition were 4.79/1000 AEs and 24.86/1000 AEs, respectively. The overall injury RR related to both practice and competition was higher in youth athletes than in adult athletes. However, adult athletes were more likely to sustain more severe injuries. Korean elite Taekwondo athletes were commonly exposed to injury, especially youth and female athletes. Therefore, continuation of the ISS suggests the development of interventions for preventing injuries sustained by Taekwondo athletes.
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Pletsch-Borba, Laura, Mirja Grafetstätter, Anika Hüsing, Theron Johnson, Sandra González Maldonado, Marie-Luise Groß, Manja Kloss, et al. "Vascular injury biomarkers and stroke risk." Neurology 94, no. 22 (May 5, 2020): e2337-e2345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000009391.
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ObjectiveBecause little is known about associations between biomarkers of vascular injury and stroke risk, we evaluated associations between plasma concentrations of 6 novel biomarkers of vascular injury and stroke risk in a population-based study.MethodsA case–cohort subset of EPIC-Heidelberg (European Prospective Investigation for Cancer and Nutrition–Heidelberg) including incident stroke cases (n = 335) and a random subcohort (n = 2,418) was selected. Concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM3), soluble E-selectin and P-selectin, soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), thrombopoietin, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa were measured in baseline plasma samples. Weighted Cox regression analyses were used to assess associations between biomarker levels and stroke risk.ResultsMedian follow-up in the subcohort and among cases was 9.8 (range, 0.1–12.5) years and 6.2 (range, 0.01–12.1) years, respectively. ICAM3 levels were associated with increased risk of incident stroke after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio, highest vs lowest quartile: 1.64 [95% confidence interval, 1.15–2.32]; plinear trend < 0.001). This association was more apparent for ischemic (1.65 [1.12–2.45]; plinear trend < 0.01) than for hemorrhagic stroke (1.29 [0.60–2.78]; plinear trend = 0.3). We further observed a borderline significant trend for a positive association between sTM and overall stroke risk (1.47 [0.99–2.19]; plinear trend = 0.05).ConclusionsIn this population-based study, circulating levels of ICAM3, an adhesion molecule shed by leukocytes, were associated with increased risk of incident stroke. Further mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiology underlying this association.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that plasma levels of ICAM3 are associated with increased stroke risk.
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Mohanavalli, S., E. Suma, G. Senthamarai, and G. Sree Vijayabala. "Ocular Injuries in Association with Middle Third Facial Injuries in Developing Countries: A Prospective Study." World Journal of Dentistry 7, no. 3 (2016): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1382.
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ABSTRACT Introduction The middle third of the face is the most common site of injury and is frequently complicated by associated ocular injuries. It may be simple laceration, ecchymosis, circumorbital edema, or severe as globe injury or injury to the optic nerve and vision loss. Even severe injury like internal bleeding causes increased intraocular pressure and damages the optic nerve; if managed earlier, it could prevent further damage and dysfunction of the eye. Midfacial fractures associated with ocular injuries should have an early ophthalmological examination to detect ocular injuries. Little is known about the current epidemiology of midface fractures and associated ocular injuries in Tamil Nadu, the state of India. The aim was to study the etiology and pattern of middle third fracture and associated ocular injuries. Materials and methods This prospective study on midface fractures was carried out in the Department of Dentistry to analyze etiology, incidence, and patterns of midface fractures and associated ocular injuries. A total of 201 patients who reported with the history of midface injuries were included in the study. These patients were examined clinically and routine radiographs and computerized tomography magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were taken to confirm the diagnosis. All the patients sustaining confirmed middle third fractures with or without eye signs were referred to an ophthalmology department for the evaluation and management of associated ophthalmic injury. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 16.0 was used for data analysis. The outcome of the study was measured using percentages, mean, standard deviation, and test of proportion as appropriate. Results Traffic accident was the major cause of injury, mainly by motorized two wheelers (MTWs). Males in the 21 to 40 age group were common victims. Zygomatic complex fracture was the most common fracture type. Subconjunctival hemorrhage and infraorbital nerve injuries were common clinical findings. Conclusion Midthird facial injury cases should have an early ophthalmological examination for timely management to prevent dysfunction of the eye. How to cite this article Mohanavalli S, Suma E, Senthamarai G, Vijayabala GS. Ocular Injuries in Association with Middle Third Facial Injuries in Developing Countries: A Prospective Study. World J Dent 2016;7(3):135-140.
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Nordstrøm, Anine, Roald Bahr, Lena K. Bache-Mathiesen, Ben Clarsen, and Ove Talsnes. "Association of Training and Game Loads to Injury Risk in Junior Male Elite Ice Hockey Players: A Prospective Cohort Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 232596712211296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671221129646.
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Background: Training and game loads are potential risk factors of injury in junior elite ice hockey, but the association of training and game loads to injuries is unknown. Purpose: To investigate the association of chronic training and game loads to injury risk in junior male elite ice hockey players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we monitored all health problems among 159 male junior ice hockey players (mean age, 16 years; range, 15-19 years) at sports-specific high schools during the 2018-2019 school year. Players reported their health problems every week using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H2). The number of training sessions and games was reported for 33 weeks. We calculated the previous 2-week difference in training/game loads as well as the cumulative training/game loads of the previous 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks and explored potential associations between training/game loads and injury risk using mixed-effects logistic regression. Results: The players reported 133 acute injuries, 75 overuse injuries, and 162 illnesses in total, and an average of 8.8 (SD ±3.9) training sessions and 0.9 (SD ± 1.1) games per week. We found no association between the difference of the two previous weeks or the previous 2- 3- and 4-week cumulative, training or game load and acute injuries, nor the difference of the two previous weeks, or the previous 4- and 6-week cumulative, training or game load and overuse injuries (OR, ∼1.0; P > .05 in all models). Conclusion: In the current study of junior elite ice hockey players, there was no evidence of an association between cumulative exposure to training/game loads and injury risk.
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Chen, Yuanzhen, Dandan Wang, Shengnan Cao, Guangjian Hou, Hong Ma, and Bin Shi. "Association between Serum IL-37 and Spinal Cord Injury: A Prospective Observational Study." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 10, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6664313.
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Objective. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a new cytokine that naturally inhibits inflammation. Inflammation plays an important role in acute spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this study is to check whether serum IL-37 can be used as a clinical predictor of SCI. Methods. All subjects underwent venipuncture within 24 hours of enrollment to obtain peripheral blood and then centrifuged to obtain serum. The concentration of serum IL-37 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One month after the injury, the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale was used for neurological examination. Results. A total of 148 people were included in the study, including 52 normal controls (NC) and 96 patients with acute SCI within 24 hours of onset. The comparison of clinical baseline data (age, gender, BMI: body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, CHD: coronary heart disease, HBP: high blood pressure, and DM: diabetes mellitus) between the two groups was not statistically significant ( p > 0.05 ). However, the serum IL-37 concentration of SCI patients was significantly higher than that of the NC group, and the difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.001 ). And with the aggravation of SCI grade, the level of IL-37 increased significantly ( p < 0.05 ). Pearson correlation analysis further showed that serum IL-37 concentration is negatively correlated with AISA motor score ( r = − 0.327 , p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The serum IL-37 concentration of SCI patients is significantly increased, and it is closely related to the recovery of motor function. We proved for the first time that serum IL-37 has prognostic value in patients with SCI. In addition, serum IL-37 may be used as a prognostic biomarker for SCI.
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Ehn, Meredith, Masaru Teramoto, Daniel M. Cushman, Kristen Saad, and Stuart Willick. "The National Interscholastic Cycling Association (NICA) Mountain Biking Injury Surveillance System (ISS): Analysis of 66,588 Student Athlete-Years of Injury Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 5856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115856.
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Interscholastic youth cross-country mountain bike racing in the United States has grown significantly over the past decade, yet little is known about the risk profile in this age group. Aiming to protect participants, we implemented a prospective, longitudinal injury surveillance system for the purpose of better understanding youth mountain biking injuries and implementing safety measures. Data were collected during competition years 2018–2020, totaling 66,588 student athlete-years. Designated reporters from each team received weekly emails with exposure and incident report forms. Variables analyzed included demographic, rider-related, trail-related, and other data. Injury characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 were compared to the years 2018 and 2019. More student athletes participated in the 2020 season (25,261) than in prior seasons (18,575 in 2018 and 22,752 in 2019). During competition year 2020, overall injury proportion was lower (1.7% versus 3.0% in 2018 and 2.7% in 2019). Variables associated with injury, body part injured, type of injury, time-loss, and disposition following injury were similar between all years. Despite the pandemic and resultant changes to competition, student athletes continued to ride their bikes and become injured, but the proportion of injuries differed. This report details injury characteristics in youth mountain bike racing, including a comparison of before and during the pandemic.
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Anil Kumar Bansal and Anil Kumar Gupta. "Utility of CT in Head Injury- A Prospective Study." Asian Journal of Medical Radiological Research 8, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47009/ajmrr.2020.8.1.13.
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Background: Head injury is defined as an impairment in brain function as a result of mechanical force. The dysfunction can be temporary or permanent, and may or may not result in underlying structural changes in the brain. Head injuries are a major public health problem worldwide. A limited amount of neurological damage occurs at the time of impact (primary injury). Subjects and Methods: The study was a prospective observational study took place in the Department of Radiology, over a 8 month period which involves all type of head injuries. Informed consent was obtained by the subjects who participated in the study. All head injury patients attending the emergency department were included, while those with no clear history of trauma as the primary event and neurologic deficit that could not be explained by head trauma were excluded. Results: A total of 1000 patients underwent CT for a head injury. Table 1 shows baseline characteristics as age, gender, referred cases, type of injury, mode of injury and clinical features where we observed 48.2% cases were in the age group between 21-40 years with 80% of male subjects. While observing for the mode of injury, we found most of the cases falls in the category of road traffic accidents (77%) with external injury (83.5%) and loss of consciousness (63.4%) as highly observed clinical features. Conclusion: This study showed a significant association of overall CT positivity with patients sociodemographic and clinical factors such as: male gender, elderly age group (>60 years), history of alcohol consumption, LOC >5 min, history of vomiting, history of seizures, evidence of ear bleed, evidence of nosebleed, and GCS 12 (moderate and Severe head injury). From the results of this study, we recommend the following indications for doing CT in head injury patients: (1) CT is indicated in all patients with moderate and severe head injury (GCS ≤12).
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Lathlean, Timothy J. H., Paul B. Gastin, Stuart V. Newstead, and Caroline F. Finch. "Player Wellness (Soreness and Stress) and Injury in Elite Junior Australian Football Players Over 1 Season." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 10 (November 1, 2020): 1422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0828.
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Purpose: To investigate the association between player wellness and injury in elite junior Australian football players over 1 competitive season. Methods: Prospective cohort study. Elite junior Australian football players (N = 196, average age = 17.7 y, range = 16–18 y) were recruited in the under-18 state league competition in Victoria, Australia. They recorded their wellness (sleep, fatigue, soreness, stress, and mood) according to a 5-point Likert scale 3 times weekly, with injuries (missed match/training session) entered into an online sport-injury surveillance system. A logistic generalized estimating equation was used to examine the association (expressed as odds ratio [OR]) between wellness and injury (yes/no). Results: Soreness was associated with injury at each time point across the week, with the strongest association evident for soreness reported 6 d postmatch (OR = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.44; P < .001). Stress and injury were associated with injury for average stress values across the week, as well as specifically on day 1 postmatch (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01–1.21; P = .038). Mood reported in the middle of the week (3 d postmatch) was associated with injury (OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78–0.97; P = .014), as was fatigue (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00–1.22; P = .044). Conclusions: This study demonstrates key associations between wellness and injury in elite junior Australian football, specifically soreness, stress, fatigue, and mood. Monitoring strategies help identify injury-risk profiles, which can help decision makers (coaches or medical staff) intervene when relevant to reduce injury risk.
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Yang, Jingzhen, Corinne Peek-Asa, John B. Lowe, Erin Heiden, and Danny T. Foster. "Social Support Patterns of Collegiate Athletes Before and After Injury." Journal of Athletic Training 45, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.4.372.
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Abstract Context: Social support has been identified as an important factor in facilitating recovery from injury. However, no previous authors have prospectively assessed the change in social support patterns before and after injury. Objective: To examine the preinjury and postinjury social support patterns among male and female collegiate athletes. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: A Big Ten Conference university. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 256 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I male and female collegiate athletes aged 18 or older from 13 sports teams. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury incidence was identified using the Sports Injury Monitoring System. Social support was measured using the 6-item Social Support Questionnaire. Data on preinjury and postinjury social support patterns were compared. Results: Male athletes reported more sources of social support than female athletes, whereas female athletes had greater satisfaction with the support they received. Athletes' social support patterns changed after they became injured. Injured athletes reported relying more on coaches (P = .003), athletic trainers (P < .0001), and physicians (P = .003) for social support after they became injured. Athletes also reported greater postinjury satisfaction with social support received from friends (P = .019), coaches (P = .001), athletic trainers (P < .0001), and physicians (P = .003). Conclusions: Our findings identify an urgent need to better define the psychosocial needs of injured athletes and also strongly suggest that athletic trainers have a critical role in meeting these needs.
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DiGiorgio, Anthony M., Rachel Tsolinas, Mohanad Alazzeh, Jenny Haefeli, Jason F. Talbott, Adam R. Ferguson, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, et al. "Safety and effectiveness of early chemical deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis after spinal cord injury: pilot prospective data." Neurosurgical Focus 43, no. 5 (November 2017): E21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.8.focus17437.
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OBJECTIVESpinal cord injuries (SCIs) occur in approximately 17,000 people in the US each year. The average length of hospital stay is 11 days, and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) rates as high as 65% are reported in these patients. There is no consensus on the appropriate timing of chemical DVT prophylaxis for this critically injured patient cohort. The object of this study was to determine if low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was safe and effective if given within 24 hours of SCI.METHODSThe Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in SCIs study is a prospective observational study conducted by the UCSF Brain and Spinal Injury Center. Protocol at this center includes administration of LMWH within 24 hours of SCI. Data were retrospectively reviewed to determine DVT rate, pulmonary embolism (PE) rate, and hemorrhagic complications.RESULTSForty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. There were 3 DVTs (6.1%), 2 PEs (4.1%), and no hemorrhagic complications. Regression modeling did not find an association between DVT and/or PE and age, American Spinal Injury Association grade, sex, race, or having undergone a neurosurgical procedure.CONCLUSIONSA standardized protocol in which LMWH is given to patients with SCI within 24 hours of injury is effective in keeping venous thromboembolism at the lower end of the reported range, and is safe, with a zero rate of adverse bleeding events.
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Biese, Kevin M., Stephanie A. Kliethermes, Andrew M. Watson, Timothy A. McGuine, Pamela J. Lang, David R. Bell, and M. Alison Brooks. "Musculoskeletal Injuries and Their Association With Previous Concussion History: A Prospective Study of High School Volleyball and Soccer Players." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 1634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546521997116.
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Background: Sports-related concussions may have a neurobiological recovery period that exceeds the period of clinical recovery, and one consequence of an extended neurobiological recovery may be the risk of subsequent musculoskeletal injuries. Most literature citing an increased risk of musculoskeletal injury after a sports-related concussion has been reported in populations other than adolescent athletes. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to prospectively determine if incidence rates of musculoskeletal injury differ between adolescent athletes with and without a previous sports-related concussion, while controlling for sex, sport, and age. A secondary aim was to determine if this relationship differs between male and female athletes of the same sport. Our hypotheses were that acute-noncontact injury rates would be higher in athletes with a previous sports-related concussion when compared with athletes without a previous sports-related concussion, and that this relationship would exist only in female athletes and not male athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: High school soccer and volleyball players were recruited in 2 prospective cohort studies that observed 4837 athletes during their sporting season (females, 80%; soccer, 57%; mean [SD] age, 15.6 [1.1] years). At preseason, all participants self-reported demographics and previous sports-related concussion within the past 12 months. During the sport season, team athletic trainers electronically recorded athlete exposures and injury data, including injury characteristics. Injury rates per 1000 athlete exposures and injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. All injury rates and IRRs were adjusted for sex, age, and sport. Results: The rate of acute-noncontact lower extremity injury was 87% greater (IRR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.29-2.74) in participants with a previous sports-related concussion versus those without one. The acute-noncontact lower extremity injury rates (IRRs) for females and males with a previous sports-related concussion were 1.76 (95% CI, 1.19-2.59) and 2.83 (95% CI, 0.85-9.50), respectively. No difference was detected in acute-contact (IRR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.56-1.73) or overuse (IRR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.51-2.37) lower extremity injury rates by previous sports-related concussion. Conclusion: Female adolescent athletes who reported a sports-related concussion within the past 12 months were more likely to sustain an acute-noncontact lower extremity injury during their high school sports season when compared with female athletes without a previous sport-related concussion.
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Schick, Deanna M., and Willem H. Meeuwisse. "Injury Rates and Profiles in Female Ice Hockey Players." American Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 1 (January 2003): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310011901.
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Background Little data exist on injury rates and profiles in female ice hockey players. Objective To examine the incidence of injury in female ice hockey players and compare injury rates with those of male players. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Six male and six female teams from the Canada West Universities Athletic Association were followed prospectively for one varsity season. Preseason medical history forms were completed by each player. Injury report forms and attendance records for each team session were submitted by team therapists. Results Male players reported 161 injuries, whereas female players reported 66 injuries. However, the overall injury rates for male (9.19 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures) and female (7.77 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures) players did not differ significantly. Ninety-six percent of injuries in female players and 79% in male players were related to contact mechanisms, even though intentional body checking is not allowed in female ice hockey. Women were more likely than men to be injured by contacting the boards or their opponent. Men sustained more severe injuries than women and missed about twice as many sessions (exposures) because of injury. Concussions were the most common injury in female players, followed by ankle sprains, adductor muscle strains, and sacroiliac dysfunction. Conclusion Although the injury rate in female ice hockey players was expected to be lower than that in male players because of the lack of intentional body checking, the injury rates were found to be similar.
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Kim, Ki Hong, Young Sun Ro, Hanna Yoon, Stephen Gyung Won Lee, Eujene Jung, Sung Bae Moon, Gwan Jin Park, and Sang Do Shin. "Serum Zinc and Long-Term Prognosis after Acute Traumatic Brain Injury with Intracranial Injury: A Multicenter Prospective Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 6496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216496.
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Serum zinc levels in the acute stages after traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be capable of predicting cinical and functional prognoses. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum zinc levels and long-term survival and neurological outcomes in TBI patients with intracranial injury. This multicenter prospective cohort study enrolled adult TBI patients with intracranial injury who visited emergency departments between December 2018 and June 2020. Serum zinc levels drawn within 24 h after injury were categorized into four groups: low (<80.0 mcg/dL), low–normal (80.0–100.0 mcg/dL), high–normal (100.1–120.0 mcg/dL), and high (>120.0 mcg/dL). The study outcomes were 6-month mortality and disability (Glasgow Outcome Scale, 1–3). A multilevel multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate associations between serum zinc and study outcomes. From the eligible TBI patients (N = 487), the median (interquartile range) serum zinc level was 112.0 mcg/dL (95.0–142.0). Six-month mortality and disability were 21.1% (103/487) and 29.6% (144/487), respectively. Compared to the high–normal zinc group, there were significant associations with 6-month mortality and disability observed in the low zinc group (aORs (95% CIs): 1.91 (1.60–2.28) and 1.95 (1.62–2.36) for the low group; 1.14 (0.67–1.94) and 1.15 (0.91–1.46) for the low–normal group; and 0.72 (0.44–1.16) and 0.88 (0.61–1.27) for the high group, respectively). Among the 122 TBI patients with diabetes mellitus, the low zinc group showed a higher incidence of 6-month mortality (aOR (95% CI): 9.13 (4.01–20.81)) compared to the high–normal zinc group. Moreover, the low and low–normal groups had higher odds for 6-month disability (aORs (95% CIs): 6.63 (3.61–12.15) for the low group and 2.37 (1.38–4.07) for the low–normal group). Serum zinc deficiency is associated with a higher incidence of 6-month mortality and disability after injury for TBI patients with intracranial injury.
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Bakken, Arnhild, Stephen Targett, Tone Bere, Cristiano Eirale, Abdulaziz Farooq, Johannes L. Tol, Rod Whiteley, Karim M. Khan, and Roald Bahr. "The functional movement test 9+ is a poor screening test for lower extremity injuries in professional male football players: a 2-year prospective cohort study." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 16 (May 16, 2017): 1047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097307.
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BackgroundThe 9+ screening battery test consists of 11 tests to assess limitations in functional movement.AimTo examine the association of the 9+ with lower extremity injuries and to identify a cut-off point to predict injury risk.MethodsProfessional male football players in Qatar from 14 teams completed the 9+ at the beginning of the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. Time-loss injuries and exposure in training and matches were registered prospectively by club medical staff during these seasons. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to calculate HR and 95% CI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine sensitivity and specificity and identify the optimal cut-off point for risk assessment.Results362 players completed the 9+ and had injury and exposure registration. There were 526 injuries among 203 players (56.1%) during the two seasons; injuries to the thigh were the most frequent. There was no association between 9+ total score and the risk of lower extremity injuries (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.05, p=0.13), even after adjusting for other risk factors in a multivariate analysis (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.04, p=0.37). ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.48, and there was no cut-off point that distinguished injured from non-injured players.ConclusionThe 9+ was not associated with lower extremity injury, and it was no better than chance for distinguishing between injured and uninjured players. Therefore, the 9+ test cannot be recommended as an injury prediction tool in this population.
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Brar, Sandeep, Kathleen D. Liu, Alan S. Go, Raymond K. Hsu, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Steven G. Coca, Amit X. Garg, et al. "Prospective Cohort Study of Renin-Angiotensin System Blocker Usage after Hospitalized Acute Kidney Injury." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 16, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.10840720.
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Background and objectivesThe risk-benefit ratio of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy after AKI may be altered due to concerns regarding recurrent AKI. We evaluated, in a prospective cohort, the association between use (versus nonuse) of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and the subsequent risk of AKI and other adverse outcomes after hospitalizations with and without AKI.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe studied 1538 patients recently discharged from the hospital who enrolled in the multicenter, prospective ASSESS-AKI study, with approximately half of patients experiencing AKI during the index hospitalization. All participants were seen at a baseline visit 3 months after their index hospitalization and were categorized at that time on whether they were using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers or not. We used multivariable Cox regression, adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, eGFR, urine protein-creatinine ratio, and use of other medications, to examine the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use and subsequent risks of AKI, death, kidney disease progression, and adjudicated heart-failure events.ResultsThe use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers was 50% (386/769) among those with AKI during the index hospitalization and 47% (362/769) among those without. Among those with AKI during the index hospitalization, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use was not associated with a higher risk of recurrent hospitalized AKI (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.13). Associations between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use and death, kidney disease progression, and adjudicated heart-failure events appeared similar in study participants who did and did not experience AKI during the index hospitalization (all interaction P values >0.05).ConclusionsThe risk-benefit ratio of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy after hospital discharge appears to be similar regardless of whether AKI occurred during the hospitalization.
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Silva, Andressa, Fernanda V. Narciso, Igor Soalheiro, Fernanda Viegas, Luísa S. N. Freitas, Adriano Lima, Bruno A. Leite, Haroldo C. Aleixo, Rob Duffield, and Marco T. de Mello. "Poor Sleep Quality’s Association With Soccer Injuries: Preliminary Data." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0185.
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Purpose: To investigate the relationship between sleep quality and quantity and injuries in elite soccer players and to compare sleep–wake variables and injury characteristics. Methods: The current investigation was a prospective cohort study of 23 elite male soccer players competing for 2 teams over 6 mo in the highest-level Brazilian competition. The players’ sleep behavior was monitored for 10 d in the preseason using self-reporting sleep diaries and wrist activity monitors to determine sleep duration and quality. Furthermore, injuries were recorded by the respective club’s medical teams into a specific database. Details of injuries recorded included the type, location, and severity of each injury. The results were expressed as descriptive statistics, and the significance level was set at 5%. The Mann–Whitney U test was performed to compare the sleep variables between groups. Spearman correlation coefficient and linear-regression analysis were used. Results: The results indicated a moderate negative correlation between sleep efficiency and particular injury characteristics, including absence time, injury severity, and amount of injuries. The linear-regression analysis indicated that 44% of the total variance in the number of injuries can be explained by sleep efficiency, 24% of the total variance in the absence time after injury (days) can be explained by sleep efficiency, and 47% of the total variance in the injury severity can be explained by sleep efficiency. Conclusions: Soccer players who exhibit lower sleep quality or nonrestorative sleep show associations with increased number and severity of musculoskeletal injuries.
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Baker, Ruth, Elizabeth Orton, Denise Kendrick, and Laila J. Tata. "73 Association of maternal depression and anxiety with children’s injury risk: a prospective cohort." Injury Prevention 22, Suppl 2 (September 2016): A28.2—A28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042156.73.
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AI-Ourainy, I. A., G. N. Dutton, L. F. A. Stassen, K. F. Moos, and A. EI-Attar. "The characteristics of midfacial fractures and the association with ocular injury: a prospective study." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 29, no. 5 (October 1991): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-4356(91)90114-k.
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Räisänen, Anu M., Kati Pasanen, Tron Krosshaug, Tommi Vasankari, Pekka Kannus, Ari Heinonen, Urho M. Kujala, Janne Avela, Jarmo Perttunen, and Jari Parkkari. "Association between frontal plane knee control and lower extremity injuries: a prospective study on young team sport athletes." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, no. 1 (January 2018): e000311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000311.
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Background/aimPoor frontal plane knee control can manifest as increased dynamic knee valgus during athletic tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between frontal plane knee control and the risk of acute lower extremity injuries. In addition, we wanted to study if the single-leg squat (SLS) test can be used as a screening tool to identify athletes with an increased injury risk.MethodsA total of 306 basketball and floorball players participated in the baseline SLS test and a 12-month injury registration follow-up. Acute lower extremity time-loss injuries were registered. Frontal plane knee projection angles (FPKPA) during the SLS were calculated using a two-dimensional video analysis.ResultsAthletes displaying a high FPKPA were 2.7 times more likely to sustain a lower extremity injury (adjusted OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.23 to 5.83) and 2.4 times more likely to sustain an ankle injury (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.98). There was no statistically significant association between FPKPA and knee injury (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.56 to 3.98). The receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated poor combined sensitivity and specificity when FPKPA was used as a screening test for lower extremity injuries (area under the curve of 0.59) and ankle injuries (area under the curve of 0.58).ConclusionsAthletes displaying a large FPKPA in the SLS test had an elevated risk of acute lower extremity and ankle injuries. However, the SLS test is not sensitive and specific enough to be used as a screening tool for future injury risk.
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Vilander, Laura M., Suvi T. Vaara, Mari A. Kaunisto, and Ville Pettilä. "Common Inflammation-Related Candidate Gene Variants and Acute Kidney Injury in 2647 Critically Ill Finnish Patients." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030342.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome with high incidence among the critically ill. Because the clinical variables and currently used biomarkers have failed to predict the individual susceptibility to AKI, candidate gene variants for the trait have been studied. Studies about genetic predisposition to AKI have been mainly underpowered and of moderate quality. We report the association study of 27 genetic variants in a cohort of Finnish critically ill patients, focusing on the replication of associations detected with variants in genes related to inflammation, cell survival, or circulation. In this prospective, observational Finnish Acute Kidney Injury (FINNAKI) study, 2647 patients without chronic kidney disease were genotyped. We defined AKI according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. We compared severe AKI (Stages 2 and 3, n = 625) to controls (Stage 0, n = 1582). For genotyping we used iPLEXTM Assay (Agena Bioscience). We performed the association analyses with PLINK software, using an additive genetic model in logistic regression. Despite the numerous, although contradictory, studies about association between polymorphisms rs1800629 in TNFA and rs1800896 in IL10 and AKI, we found no association (odds ratios 1.06 (95% CI 0.89–1.28, p = 0.51) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.80–1.05, p = 0.20), respectively). Adjusting for confounders did not change the results. To conclude, we could not confirm the associations reported in previous studies in a cohort of critically ill patients.
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Boos, Christopher J., Susie Schofield, Paul Cullinan, Daniel Dyball, Nicola T. Fear, Anthony M. J. Bull, David Pernet, and Alexander N. Bennett. "Association between combat-related traumatic injury and cardiovascular risk." Heart 108, no. 5 (November 25, 2021): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320296.
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ObjectiveThe association between combat-related traumatic injury (CRTI) and cardiovascular risk is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between CRTI and both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and arterial stiffness.MethodsThis was a prospective observational cohort study consisting of 579 male adult UK combat veterans (UK-Afghanistan War 2003–2014) with CRTI who were frequency-matched to 565 uninjured men by age, service, rank, regiment, deployment period and role-in-theatre. Measures included quantification of injury severity (New Injury Severity Score (NISS)), visceral fat area (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), arterial stiffness (heart rate-adjusted central augmentation index (cAIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV)), fasting venous blood glucose, lipids and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP).ResultsOverall the participants were 34.1±5.4 years, with a mean (±SD) time from injury/deployment of 8.3±2.1 years. The prevalence of MetS (18.0% vs 11.8%; adjusted risk ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.94, p<0.0001) and the mean cAIx (17.61%±8.79% vs 15.23%±8.19%, p<0.0001) were higher among the CRTI versus the uninjured group, respectively. Abdominal waist circumference, visceral fat area, triglycerides, estimated insulin resistance and hs-CRP levels were greater and physical activity and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lower with CRTI. There were no significant between-group differences in blood glucose, blood pressure or PWV. CRTI, injury severity (↑NISS), age, socioeconomic status (SEC) and physical activity were independently associated with both MetS and cAIx.ConclusionsCRTI is associated with an increased prevalence of MetS and arterial stiffness, which are also influenced by age, injury severity, physical activity and SEC. The longitudinal impact of CRTI on clinical cardiovascular events needs further examination.
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Uys, Hendrik D., and Arie M. Rijke. "Clinical Association of Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain with Syndesmotic Involvement." American Journal of Sports Medicine 30, no. 6 (November 2002): 816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300061101.
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Background Information concerning the clinical association between syndesmosis injury and grade of lateral ankle ligament damage would aid in the diagnosis and treatment of ankle sprains. Hypothesis Evaluation of lateral ligament injury in terms of percentage tear of both the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments can provide information on the extent of syndesmotic involvement. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Twenty-five patients volunteered to have magnetic resonance imaging examinations performed and 21 volunteered to undergo graded stress radiographs. Talar tilt angles were measured from radiographs taken with 0, 6, 9, 12, and 15 daN of force applied medially just above the ankle joint, and the percentage of ligament tear and grade of injury were determined. Scans were obtained with the foot in neutral and plantar flexion to image the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments. Results Grades of lateral ligament injury determined by magnetic resonance imaging and graded stress radiography were the same. The extent of syndesmotic injury could be assessed for all patients. Conclusions Intact tibiofibular ligaments were found equally frequently among patients with normal or any grade of lateral ligament damage, but the more severe injuries to the syndesmotic ligaments were associated with normal or minimally traumatized lateral ligaments. The inverse correlation can be explained on the basis of the difference between the mechanisms that precipitate these injuries.
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Faghih Dinevari, Masood, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Elham Sadeghi Majd, Afshin Fattahzadeh, and Zeinab Nikniaz. "Elevated Liver Aminotransferases Level and COVID-19 Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients: A Prospective Study from Iran." Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases 14, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mejdd.2022.257.
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BACKGROUND: Considering the conflicting results and limited studies on the association between elevated liver enzyme levels and COVID-19 outcomes, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between hepatic enzyme changes and the prognosis of COVID-19 during hospital admission. METHODS: In this prospective study, 1017 consecutive patients with COVID-19 participated and were followed up from admission until they were discharged or deceased. The liver enzyme levels were recorded on admission. The patient/disease-related information was recorded by trained nurses using questionnaires. The primary endpoint was the association between elevated liver enzymes and liver injury and mortality from COVID. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 62.58±17.45 years; 55.4% of them were male. There was no significant difference between groups regarding the COVID-19 outcomes except for the need for ICU admission (P=0.02). Moreover, all COVID-19 outcomes were significantly higher in patients with liver injury compared with other patients except for the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score. After adjusting for covariates, the patients with Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels of more than 40 (IU/L) and participants with liver injury on admission had significantly greater odds of death, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation requirements. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study support the hypothesis that poor outcomes of COVID-19 infection were higher in patients with elevated liver enzyme levels and liver injury. Therefore, liver chemicals should be closely monitored during the illness and hospital admission, and patients with COVID-19 and an elevated level of transaminases should be followed up carefully, and necessary interventions should be considered to prevent poor outcomes.
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Moe, Hans Kristian, Janne Limandvik Myhr, Kent Gøran Moen, Asta Kristine Håberg, Toril Skandsen, and Anne Vik. "Association of cause of injury and traumatic axonal injury: a clinical MRI study of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury." Journal of Neurosurgery 133, no. 5 (November 2020): 1559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.6.jns191040.
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OBJECTIVEThe authors investigated the association between the cause of injury and the occurrence and grade of traumatic axonal injury (TAI) on clinical MRI in patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).METHODSData for a total of 396 consecutive patients, aged 7–70 years, with moderate or severe TBI admitted to a level 1 trauma center were prospectively registered. Data were included for analysis from the 219 patients who had MRI performed within 35 days (median 8, IQR 4–17 days) and for whom cause of injury was known. Cause of injury was registered as road traffic accident (RTA) or fall (both with respective subcategories), alpine skiing or snowboarding accident, or violence. The MRI protocol consisted of T2*-weighted gradient echo, FLAIR, and diffusion-weighted imaging scans. TAI lesions were evaluated in a blinded manner and categorized into 3 grades, hemispheric/cerebellar white matter (grade 1), corpus callosum (grade 2), and brainstem (grade 3). The absence of TAI was analyzed as grade 0. Contusions and mass lesions on CT were also registered.RESULTSCause of injury did not differ between included and nonincluded patients. TAI was found in 83% of patients in the included group after RTAs and 62% after falls (p < 0.001). Observed TAI grades differed between the subcategories of both RTAs (p = 0.004) and falls (p = 0.006). Pedestrians in RTAs, car drivers/passengers in RTAs, and alpine skiers had the highest prevalence of TAI (89%–100%) and the highest TAI grades (70%–82% TAI grades 2–3). TAI was found in 76% of patients after falls from > own height (45% TAI grade 2–3), 63% after falls down the stairs (26% TAI grade 2–3), and 31% after falls from ≤ own height (12% TAI grade 2–3). Moreover, 53% of patients with TAI after RTAs and 68% with TAI after falls had cortical contusions or mass lesions on CT.CONCLUSIONSThis prospective study of moderate and severe TBI is to the authors’ knowledge the first clinical MRI study to demonstrate both the high prevalence and grade of TAI after most of the different types of RTAs, alpine skiing accidents, and falls from a height. Importantly, TAI was also common following more low-energy trauma such as falls down the stairs or from own height. Physicians managing TBI patients in the acute phase should be aware of the possibility of TAI no matter the cause of injury and also when the CT scan shows cortical contusions or mass lesions.
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Chhabra, Raunaq S., Vinayak V. Raje, Pandurang S. Barve, and Sunil R. Yadav. "To study the association of CSF leak in fronotbasal skull fractures classified with the Burstein’s classification." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 5, no. 1 (January 18, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20180070.
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Background: To study the association of CSF leak in Fronotbasal skull Fractures classified with the Burstein’s Classification.Methods: A prospective study was conducted from November 2014 to May 2016 in patients admitted with head injuries to KIMSDU, Karad, Maharashtra. All data was retrieved using a standardized data collection form.Results: Out of the total 55 patients of frontobasal fracture, 39 (70.9%) were found to have CSF leak. Out of 39 patients with CSF leak 34 (61.8%) had Type I head injury, 3 (5.5%) had Type II head injury, and 2 (3.6%) had Type III head injury. Statistical analysis showed significant association between CSF leak and Burstein’s classes of head injury patients (p< 0.05).Conclusions: It was found that patients who had Burstein Type I injuries had a higher chance of CSF leak and most post traumatic leaks could be managed conservatively.
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Shimizu, Yuji, Shin-Ya Kawashiri, Yuko Noguchi, Seiko Nakamichi, Yasuhiro Nagata, Takahiro Maeda, and Naomi Hayashida. "Effect of Subclinical Hypothyroidism on the Association between Hemoglobin A1c and Reduced Renal Function: A Prospective Study." Diagnostics 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2022): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020462.
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Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was reported to be associated with accelerating endothelial dysfunction, which is recognized as one of the upstream mechanisms that leads to glomerular injury (lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR)). SCH was also reported to be associated with hyperglycemia, which is associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and induces endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, SCH status could influence the association between HbA1c and reduced eGFR. To clarify those associations, we conducted a prospective study of 1580 Japanese individuals who participated in an annual health check-up in 2014 with 2.8 years of follow-up. All participants had free triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (T4) levels in the normal range. Among study participants, 88 were diagnosed as having SCH. Even though no significant correlation was observed between HbA1c and annual change in estimated GFR among participants without SCH (multi-adjusted standardized parameter estimate (β) = 0.03, p = 0.250), a significant inverse association was observed among participants with SCH (β = −0.26, p = 0.014). When those analyses were performed among participants who were not taking glucose lowering medication, the observed associations were essentially the same: β = 0.03, p = 0.266 for participants without SCH and β = −0.32, p = 0.006 for participants with SCH, respectively. Therefore, SCH status could influence the association between HbA1c and renal function.
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Turbeville, Sean D., Linda D. Cowan, Nabih R. Asal, Willis L. Owen, and Mark A. Anderson. "Risk Factors for Injury in Middle School Football Players." American Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 2 (March 2003): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310022001.
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Background: Little is known about the frequency of or risk factors for injuries in middle school or junior high school football players. Purpose: To examine the associations of player characteristics (injury history, conditioning, player position, special equipment) and physical parameters (body mass index, weight, height, grip strength) with risk of injury. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: We documented risk factors for injury in 646 middle school football players, 10 to 15 years of age, in the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, school district during the 1998 and 1999 seasons. Player characteristics and physical parameters were measured at the beginning of both seasons. Logistic regression methods were used to determine whether baseline variables were associated with the odds of subsequent injury. Results: More playing experience was the only variable significantly associated with the risk of injury in multivariate analyses. This association was observed regardless of the type of injury and even after indirectly controlling for time at risk of injury by restricting analyses to first-string players. Increasing age was significantly associated with the risk of fractures. Conclusions: Results suggest that physical characteristics play a minor role in risk of injury from football in this age group.
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Materne, Olivier, Karim Chamari, Abdulaziz Farooq, Adam Weir, Per Hölmich, Roald Bahr, Matt Greig, and Lars R. McNaughton. "Association of Skeletal Maturity and Injury Risk in Elite Youth Soccer Players: A 4-Season Prospective Study With Survival Analysis." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 232596712199911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121999113.
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Background: The association between injury risk and skeletal maturity in youth soccer has received little attention. Purpose: To prospectively investigate injury patterns and incidence in relation to skeletal maturity in elite youth academy soccer players and to determine the injury risks associated with the skeletal maturity status, both overall and to the lower limb apophysis. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: All injuries that required medical attention and led to time loss were recorded prospectively during 4 consecutive seasons in 283 unique soccer players from U-13 (12 years of age) to U-19 (18 years). The skeletal age (SA) was assessed in 454 player-seasons using the Fels method, and skeletal maturity status (SA minus chronological age) was classified as follows: late, SA >1 year behind chronological age; normal, SA ±1 year of chronological age; early, SA >1 year ahead of chronological age; and mature, SA = 18 years. An adjusted Cox regression model was used to analyze the injury risk. Results: A total of 1565 injuries were recorded; 60% were time-loss injuries, resulting in 17,772 days lost. Adjusted injury-free survival analysis showed a significantly greater hazard ratio (HR) for different status of skeletal maturity: early vs normal (HR = 1.26 [95% CI, 1.11-1.42]; P < .001) and early vs mature (HR = 1.35 [95% CI, 1.17-1.56]; P < .001). Players who were skeletally mature at the wrist had a substantially decreased risk of lower extremity apophyseal injuries (by 45%-61%) compared with late ( P < .05), normal ( P < .05), and early ( P < .001) maturers. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal injury patterns and injury risks varied depending on the players’ skeletal maturity status. Early maturers had the greatest overall adjusted injury risk. Players who were already skeletally mature at the wrist had the lowest risk of lower extremity apophyseal injuries but were still vulnerable for hip and pelvis apophyseal injuries.
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Chen, Guo, Shou-Quan Wu, Mei Feng, Yu Wang, Jing-Can Wu, Gui-Yi Ji, Miao-Miao Zhang, Qian-Qian Liu, and Jian-Qing He. "Association of UGT2B7 polymorphisms with risk of induced liver injury by anti-tuberculosis drugs in Chinese Han." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 30, no. 4 (September 22, 2017): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0394632017733638.
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Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI) is common during the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). As an important enzyme in the metabolism of many drugs, UGT2B7 (uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase 2B7) was associated with drug-induced liver disorder. This study investigated the association between the polymorphisms of UGT2B7 and ATLI in Chinese Han. Totally, 280 newly diagnosed TB patients had been followed up for 3 months after the prescription of anti-TB therapy. Tag-single-nucleotide polymorphism (tag-SNPs) (rs10028494 and rs7668282) were genotyped with the MassARRAY platform. The associations between tag-SNPs and ATLI risk were analyzed by logistic regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors. In this prospective study, 33 patients were lost to follow-up, and 24 patients were diagnosed with ATLI and considered as the case group. The remaining 223 subjects without ATLI were considered as the control group. No significant association was observed in allele and genotype frequencies of UGT2B7 between the two groups. This study is the first attempt to investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of UGT2B7 with ATLI in Chinese Han. There is no significant association between UGT2B7 polymorphisms and ATLI in Chinese Han.
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Drigny, Joffrey, Antoine Gauthier, Emmanuel Reboursière, Henri Guermont, Vincent Gremeaux, and Pascal Edouard. "Shoulder Muscle Imbalance as a Risk for Shoulder Injury in Elite Adolescent Swimmers: A Prospective Study." Journal of Human Kinetics 75, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0041.
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Abstract Muscle strength imbalances between the internal and external rotators of the shoulder are frequent in swimmers, but their role in shoulder injury remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association of shoulder rotator strength and injury in elite adolescent swimmers. Eighteen adolescent swimmers performed preseason isokinetic tests of the internal and external rotator muscles in concentric (con) and eccentric (ecc) modes. Conventional (conER:conIR and eccER:eccIR) and functional ratios (eccER:conIR and eccIR:conER) were calculated. Thirteen swimmers completed a weekly questionnaire about swimming habits and shoulder injuries throughout the season. Preseason testing showed a significant negative association between the functional eccER:conIR ratio and years of practice (p < 0.05). Over the season, 46% of athletes experienced at least one shoulder injury. At the end of the season, peak torques increased for both internal and external rotator muscles strength, but only concentrically, resulting in a decrease in the eccER:conIR functional ratio (p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis highlighted good predictive power for the preseason functional eccER:conIR ratio, as values below 0.68 were associated with a 4.5-fold (95% CI 1.33-15.28, p < 0.05) increased risk of shoulder injuries during the season.
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Teasdale, G. M., G. D. Murray, and J. A. R. Nicoll. "The association between APOE ε4, age and outcome after head injury: a prospective cohort study." Brain 128, no. 11 (July 20, 2005): 2556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh595.
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DuBose, Joseph J., Stephanie A. Savage, Timothy C. Fabian, Jay Menaker, Thomas Scalea, John B. Holcomb, David Skarupa, et al. "The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Treatment (PROOVIT) registry." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 78, no. 2 (February 2015): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000000520.
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&NA;. "The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Treatment (PROOVIT) registry." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 78, no. 3 (March 2015): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000462355.64669.41.
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Bengtsson, Håkan, Jan Ekstrand, Markus Waldén, and Martin Hägglund. "Muscle injury rate in professional football is higher in matches played within 5 days since the previous match: a 14-year prospective study with more than 130 000 match observations." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 17 (November 3, 2017): 1116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097399.
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BackgroundThe association between match congestion and injury rates in professional football has yielded conflicting results.AimTo analyse associations between match congestion on an individual player level and injury rates during professional football matches.MethodsData from a prospective cohort study of professional football with 133 170 match observations were analysed with Poisson regressions. Associations between short-term match congestion, defined as number of days between two match exposures (≤3, 4, 5, 6 and 7–10 days) and injury rates were analysed. To analyse the influence of long-term match congestion, defined as individual match exposure hours in the 30 days preceding a match, observations were categorised into three groups (low, ≤4.5; medium, >4.5 to ≤7.5; and high, >7.5 hours).ResultsNo differences in total match injury rates were found between the reference category (≤3 days) and the other categories of short-term congestion. Muscle injury rates were significantly lower in matches preceded by 6 (rate ratio (RR) 0.79; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.95) or 7–10 days (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.93) compared with ≤3 days since the last match exposure. No differences in total and muscle injury rates between the three long-term match congestion groups were found.ConclusionsIn this study of male professional football players, there were no match congestion-related differences in total match injury rates, but muscle injury rates during matches were lower when players were given at least 6 days between their match exposures.
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Johnston, William, Martin O’Reilly, Ciara Duignan, Mairead Liston, Rod McLoughlin, Garrett F. Coughlan, and Brian Caulfield. "Association of Dynamic Balance With Sports-Related Concussion: A Prospective Cohort Study." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518812820.
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Background: Concussion is one of the most common sports-related injuries, with little understood about the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Researchers have yet to evaluate the association between modifiable sensorimotor function variables and concussive injury. Purpose: To investigate the association between dynamic balance performance, a discrete measure of sensorimotor function, and concussive injuries. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 109 elite male rugby union players were baseline tested in dynamic balance performance while wearing an inertial sensor and prospectively followed during the 2016-2017 rugby union season. The sample entropy of the inertial sensor gyroscope magnitude signal was derived to provide a discrete measure of dynamic balance performance. Logistic regression modeling was then used to investigate the association among the novel digital biomarker of balance performance, known risk factors of concussion (concussion history, age, and playing position), and subsequent concussive injury. Results: Participant demographic data (mean ± SD) were as follows: age, 22.6 ± 3.6 years; height, 185 ± 6.5 cm; weight, 98.9 ± 12.5 kg; body mass index, 28.9 ± 2.9 kg/m2; and leg length, 98.8 ± 5.5 cm. Of the 109 players, 44 (40.3%) had a history of concussion, while 21 (19.3%) sustained a concussion during the follow-up period. The receiver operating characteristic analysis for the anterior sample entropy demonstrated a statistically significant area under the curve (0.64; 95% CI, 0.52-0.76; P < .05), with the cutoff score of anterior sample entropy ≥1.2, which maximized the sensitivity (76.2%) and specificity (53.4%) for identifying individuals who subsequently sustained a concussion. Players with suboptimal balance performance at baseline were at a 2.81-greater odds (95% CI, 1.02-7.74) of sustaining a concussion during the rugby union season than were those with optimal balance performance, even when controlling for concussion history. Conclusion: Rugby union players who possess poorer dynamic balance performance, as measured by a wearable inertial sensor during the Y balance test, have a 3-times-higher relative risk of sustaining a sports-related concussion, even when controlling for history of concussion. These findings have important implications for research and clinical practice, as it identifies a potential modifiable risk factor. Further research is required to investigate this association in a large cohort consisting of males and females across a range of sports.
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Li, Hongmei, Jennifer J. Moreland, Corinne Peek-Asa, and Jingzhen Yang. "Preseason Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Prospective Injury Risk in Collegiate Athletes." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 9 (April 25, 2017): 2148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517702847.
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Background: Psychological risk factors are increasingly recognized as important in sport-related injury prevention. Understanding how these psychological factors may affect the risk of injuries could help design effective prevention programs. Purpose: To determine the effect of reported preseason anxiety and depressive symptoms on the risk of injuries during a prospective season in a cohort of collegiate athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Collegiate athletes participating in 4 men’s sports and 5 women’s sports from 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I universities were enrolled and prospectively followed during the 2007-2011 seasons. Preseason anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured at enrollment. Injuries occurring during the season were reported by certified athletic trainers. The injury incidence rate was calculated as the total number of injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures (ie, games and practices). Results: Of 958 enrolled athletes (response rate of 90.3%), 389 (40.6%) athletes sustained a total of 597 injuries. At preseason, 276 (28.8%) athletes reported anxiety symptoms, and 208 (21.7%) reported depressive symptoms. Among athletes reporting any of these symptoms, 48.5% (n = 158) reported having both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Athletes with preseason anxiety symptoms had a significantly higher injury incidence rate compared with athletes without anxiety symptoms (rate ratio [RR], 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0-2.6), adjusting for age, race, body mass index, history of injuries 12 months before baseline, and university attended, and this was observed for both male and female athletes. Only male athletes who reported co-occurring preseason depressive and anxiety symptoms had a significantly increased injury risk (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.6) compared with male athletes who reported no co-occurring symptoms. However, no such increase in the injury risk was observed among female athletes or male athletes who reported preseason depressive symptoms but no anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Athletes with anxiety symptoms at preseason were at an increased risk of injuries during the prospective season. Targeted programs could focus on psychological health and injury prevention for athletes, especially for those exhibiting symptoms at preseason.
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Zhang, J. C., N. Carnide, L. Holness, and P. Cram. "Cannabis use and work-related injuries: a cross-sectional analysis." Occupational Medicine 70, no. 8 (October 27, 2020): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa175.
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Abstract Background Although the association of cannabis use with automobile accidents has been well-studied, the impact of cannabis on workplace safety and injuries is less clear. Aims The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between work-related injury and cannabis use in the past year. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey (2013–16) of working individuals. We used multiple logistic regression modelling to calculate the odds of experiencing a work-related injury (defined as non-repetitive strain injury) among workers who reported using cannabis more than once during the prior 12 months as compared to non-users. We repeated the analysis among participants working in high injury risk occupational groups only. Results Among the 136 536 working participants, 2577 (2%) had a work-related injury in the last 12 months. Of these 2577 who had a work-related injury, 4% also reported being a cannabis user in the same period. We found no association between past-year cannabis use and work-related injury (odds ratio for work injury among users 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.66–0.99). The association was unchanged in the subgroup analysis limited to high injury risk occupational groups. Conclusions We found no evidence that cannabis users experienced higher rates of work-related injuries. While awaiting prospective studies, occupational medicine practitioners should take a risk-based approach to drafting workplace cannabis policies.
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Bliekendaal, Sander, Janine Stubbe, and Evert Verhagen. "Dynamic balance and ankle injury odds: a prospective study in 196 Dutch physical education teacher education students." BMJ Open 9, no. 12 (December 2019): e032155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032155.
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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether dynamic balance, measured with the anterior component of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT-ANT), is a risk factor for ankle injuries in physical education teacher education (PETE) students.Design and settingA prospective monocentre study in first-year PETE students.ParticipantsA total of 196 subjects, of which 137 men (70%) and 59 women (30%).Outcome measuresThis study consisted of measures of the SEBT-ANT at baseline (September 2015) and an injury registration procedure during a follow-up period (September 2015–June 2016). The association between the SEBT-ANT score and subsequent ankle injury was analysed with generalised estimating equations analysis at the leg level.ResultsMen and women had an average SEBT-ANT score of, respectively, 65.1% and 67.7% of leg length. In 20 (15%) subjects, the first injured body site involved the ankle. Across all participants, a below average SEBT-ANT score was not associated with increased ankle injury odds (OR OR=2.43, 95% CI: 0.94 to 6.29, p=0.07). In men, a below average SEBT-ANT score indicated sevenfold increased odds for ankle injury (OR=7.06, 95% CI: 1.43 to 34.92, p=0.02). In women, this relationship was not significant (OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.19 to 2.71, p=0.62).ConclusionsBelow average normalised SEBT-ANT scores were associated with sevenfold likelihood for ankle injuries in men. In contrast, no relationship was found for the SEBT-ANT score and ankle injuries in woman. These results may provide directions for the implementation of screening tools, as part of an injury prevention programme, to identify male PETE students with an increased likelihood for ankle injuries.
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Hamila, Mohamed, Khaled Hussein, Mohamed Fatehy Ismail, and Ahmed Kamal. "Prevalence of Electrocardiographic Changes in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Hospital-based Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (February 15, 2022): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8313.
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BACKGROUND: Head trauma and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are major causes of death and disability worldwide. TBI is associated with a variety of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. AIM: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ECG changes in TBI. METHODS: Participants with TBI were included in the study, while participants with chest trauma or cardiovascular diseases were excluded from the study. A consecutive sample of 50 participants (mean age 37.8 ± 14.85 years, 80% males) was selected and referred for 12 lead ECG on admission, 24 h, and 72 h after admission. RESULTS: The prevalence of sinus bradycardia versus sinus tachycardia, short PR interval, ST segment elevation, and inverted T wave in the study population was 18% versus 38%, 26%, 2%, and 16% in ECG on admission, 5% versus 22%, 14%, 0%, and 10% in ECG 24 h after admission, 5% versus 8%, 4%, 0%, and 8% in ECG 72 h after admission, respectively. Serial ECG was significantly associated with changes in heart rate (χ² [1] = 17.337, p = 0.002) and short PR interval (χ² [1] = 9.695, p = 0.008), respectively. There was a significant association between ECG changes and brain edema (χ² [1] = 4.131, p = 0.042), intracerebral hemorrhage (χ² [1] = 4.539, p = 0.033), and subarachnoid hemorrhage groups (χ² [1] = 5.889, p = 0.015), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ECG changes are prevalent in non-cardiac TBI patients. The significant association of serial ECG with changes in heart rate and short PR interval and the significant association of ECG changes with brain edema, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage highlights the potential role of serial ECG as a screening tool for cardiac dysfunction in patients with TBI.
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van Rijn, Rogier M., and Janine H. Stubbe. "Generalized Joint Hypermobility and Injuries: A Prospective Cohort Study of 185 Pre-Professional Contemporary Dancers." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10051007.
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Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) has been mentioned as one of the factors associated with dance injuries, but the findings are inconclusive. This study aims to investigate whether GJH, based on different Beighton score cut-off points, is a potential risk factor for injuries in pre-professional dancers. Four cohorts of first-year pre-professional dancers (N = 185), mean age 19.1 ± 1.3 years, were screened on musculoskeletal functioning at the start of their academic year. The Beighton score was used to measure GJH. During the academic year, the dancers completed monthly questionnaires about their physical and mental health. Based on the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC), three injury definitions were used (i.e., all complaints, substantial injury, and time-loss injury). To examine potential risk factors for injuries, univariate and multivariate regression models were applied. The response rate of monthly completed questionnaires was 90%. The overall mean (SD) Beighton score was 2.8. The 1-year injury incidence proportion was 67.6% (n = 125), 43.2% (n = 80), and 54.6% (n = 101) for all complaint injuries, substantial injuries, and time-loss injuries, respectively. The multivariate analyses showed a significant association between a previous long lasting injury in the past year and the three injury definitions (p < 0.05). Pre-professional contemporary dancers are at high risk for injuries and hypermobility. However, these two variables are not associated with each other. Health professionals should take injury history into account when assessing dance students, because this variable is associated with increased injury risk.
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Okada, Yohei, Takeyuki Kiguchi, Ryoji Iiduka, Wataru Ishii, Taku Iwami, and Kaoru Koike. "Association between the Japan Coma Scale scores at the scene of injury and in-hospital outcomes in trauma patients: an analysis from the nationwide trauma database in Japan." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e029706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029706.
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ObjectiveJapan Coma Scale (JCS) is a grading system used to evaluate disturbed consciousness in prehospital care settings. We aimed to identify the association between the JCS levels at the scene with in-hospital mortality, as well as the discrimination ability for the outcomes.DesignA retrospective cohort study based on the nationwide trauma database in Japan.SettingMulticentre cohort study using data from the Japan Trauma Data Bank, which is a nationwide, prospective, observational trauma registry derived from 235 hospitals.ParticipantsAdult trauma victims transferred directly from the scene of injury to the hospital from January 2004 to December 2017 were eligible for inclusion.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcome was the association between the JCS levels at the scene with in-hospital mortality. We conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis to calculate the adjusted ORs of JCS levels with 95% CIs for in-hospital mortality. We also calculated the c-statistics for in-hospital mortality.Results164 723 patients were included in the analysis. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the corresponding adjusted ORs of JCS levels 2 and 3 referred to level 1 for in-hospital mortality were 4.1 (95% CI 3.8 to 4.4) and 26.0 (95% CI 24.8 to 27.2). The c-statistics of the JCS level for in-hospital mortality was 0.845 (95% CI 0.842 to 0.849).ConclusionsData from large multicentre prospective registry revealed strong associations of the JCS level at the scene of injury with in-hospital mortality as well as the good discriminatory performance for this outcome.
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Pletsch-Borba, Laura, Cora Watzinger, Renée Turzanski Fortner, Verena Katzke, Lukas Schwingshackl, Solomon A. Sowah, Anika Hüsing, et al. "Biomarkers of Vascular Injury and Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122075.
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Data on biomarkers of vascular injury and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk from prospective studies are lacking. We evaluated seven biomarkers of vascular injury in relation to T2D. Additionally, a meta-analysis was performed. From the EPIC–Heidelberg cohort, 2224 participants were followed-up from baseline for 16 (median) years. E-Selectin, P-Selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM3), thrombomodulin, thrombopoietin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and fibrinogen levels were measured in baseline blood samples. The systematic review and meta-analysis included prospective studies identified through MEDLINE and Web of Science that investigated the association between mentioned biomarkers and T2D. The study population included 55% women, median age was 50 years, and 163 developed T2D. ICAM3 was associated with lower T2D risk (fully adjusted HRhighest vs. lowest tertile 0.62 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.91)), but no other studies on ICAM3 were identified. Overall, fifteen studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (6,171 cases). E-Selectin was associated with higher T2D risk HRper SD: 1.34 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.54; I2 = 63%, n = 9 studies), while thrombomodulin was associated with lower risk HRper SD: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.95; I2 = 0%, n = 2 studies). In the EPIC–Heidelberg, ICAM3 was associated with lower T2D risk. The meta-analysis showed a consistent positive association between E-Selectin and T2D. It was also suggestive of an inverse association between thrombomodulin and T2D, although further studies are needed to corroborate this finding.
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Ani, U. K. "The UEFA model in identification of types, severity and mechanism of injuries among professional footballers in the Nigerian Premier League." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 27, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2015/v27i1a483.
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Background. Association football, otherwise known as soccer, is the most popular sport in the world. The increase in the popularity of the game and the expectations from players make injury risk in football high. Objective. To describe the types, severity, prevalence and mechanism of injuries among professional footballers in the Nigeria Premier League (NPL). Methods. The Union of European Football Association (UEFA) Injury Study Questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of 240 footballers from 11 clubs, who participated in the 2011/2012 NPL premiership season, was selected through proportionate stratified random sampling technique, and the participants were studied using a prospective cohort study design for 6 months. Descriptive statistics of means, percentages and frequency distributions were used to answer the research questions. Results. The mean (standard deviation) age, height and weight of the injured footballers was 22.9 (3.4) years, 1.69 (0.05) m and 71.3 (3.9) kg, respectively. There was a high injury prevalence (78%) associated with actual league games, whereas the incidence rate per 1 000-hour exposure was 300.2 exposure-hours from 19 games within 6 months. Sprain (32%) was the predominant type of injury recorded. The tackle event (34%) was the predominant mechanism of injury recorded, and 63% of the injuries led to 1 - 3 days of player absence from football activities. Most of the injuries were recurrent injuries (63%). Conclusion. This study showed a high occurrence of injuries in the NPL, in particular associated with league (competitive) games. The findings of this study will serve to guide the development and implementation of injury prevention strategies in the NPL.