Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prosopographie – France'
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Verschueren, Pierre. "Des savants aux chercheurs : les sciences physiques comme métier (France, 1945-1968)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H105/document.
Full textAdopting an approach grounded in the socio-history of sciences perspective, the aim of this thesis is to analyse and explain the transformation that occurred in France after the Second World War : the scientists, regarded in their vast majority as scholars during the 1940’s, undertook what can be described as a major change of profession and craft and became researchers. Starting with the shift in the cultural representations of science caused by Hiroshima, the analysis focuses first on the entrance, or re-entrance, of the scientific question in the political arena, with the growing awareness of a number of actors, notably physicists and chemists, that « the Republic does need scientists ». The second part of the study addresses the universities’ and laboratories’ life : here the decline of the scholar’s model is slower, but more ineluctable, as is shown through the diary of an officer of the Rockefeller Foundation, through the analysis of Academia’s rules and regulations, and through prosopography and socialnetwork analysis. The third part focuses on the local scale and the social technology framing the production of scientists, as it undertook a major recomposition and internationalization, crystallizing the transformation of the profession and craft of the physical scientists. Through the study of the doctoral ecology designed to certify research training, the last part addresses the inscription of this new scientist’s craft in the very norms that structured science – and access to research and university careers
Anceau, Éric. "Les députés du Second Empire : prosopographie d'une élite du XIXème siècle." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040089.
Full textThe prosopographic method has been used to make a study of the six hundred and thirteen men who were elected to the Corps législatif between 1852 and 1870. They are first examined in their original backgrounds and then in the context of nineteenth century society. What these men inherited as well as the positions they held and the circles they moved in help one understand what led them to solicit a legislative mandate and what made their own parties or the government retain them as candidates. Their specific features as well as their political labels had an influence on their representativeness and on their electoral results. Then the author analyses the work they did in parliament and the functions they held within the Corps législatif, their local mandates, the responsibilities they were sometimes entrusted with at a national level and finally what became of them after the fall of the regime. Certain types of deputes of the Second Empire can thus be defined
Lewezyk-Janssen, Anaïs. "Devenir médecin dans le Midi de la France au XVIIIe siècle, du carabin au médecin : étude prosopographique et encadrement médical du Haut-Languedoc." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20029/document.
Full textIn the eighteenth century, medicine evolved from a scientific point of view but also with regard to its place in the society of Ancien Régime. The enthusiasm for the science of Esculapius is reflected in an increase in vocations within the southern universities, especially in Montpellier. This thesis questions the future of doctors, graduates of three southern faculties, throughout a century marked by scientific effervescence. The tropism of Montpellier attests to its good reputation. The analysis of their careers is another central aspect of this research, which offers the opportunity to study the involvement of these doctors in scientific and public life, and to see by what processes the medical path has become a career pledge Upward
Prigent, François. "Les réseaux socialistes en Bretagne des années 1930 aux années 1980." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20040.
Full textSocialism in Brittany from 1930 to 1980 originates from the implementation of the networks and activities which are at the basis of socialism (SFIO, PSU, PS) and which revealed fractures/continuities in activist generations. The political opening in the 1930s, intensified by the strengthening of elected representatives’ networks in 1945, is different from the changes which took place in the 1960s-1970s and which lead to the emergence of the new socialist party in the context of profound changes in local society. The development of socialist networks in the 1980s is the starting point of the partisan system dominance from 2004 onwards. From sheets to files, the prosopography presents an analysis of courses, networks and identities and emphasises a characteristic of the Breton socialism, similar to an elected representatives’ social democracy.Interlinked activist networks are becoming part of plural socialist environments composed of independent subgroups. The centrality of secular identity is countered by the emergence of Christian networks. The privileged links with labour unions change according to periods, but remain consistent with the shifts in social movements. The rural block explains the frailty of the activist network in the country side, before the emergence of rural networks and progressive labour unions irrigating the activist environment. This study is in line with the views and practices of a global history, from a multiple approach: a history seen from below, a social and cultural history of politics, a history through networks, a regional political history and alocal history of socialism, a history of the elected representatives
Gagneur, David. "Prosopographie des élites politiques d'une colonie républicaine : La Réunion, 1870-1914." La Réunion, 2004. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/04_17_Gagneur_1.pdf.
Full textUnder Second Empire, political elites in Reunion Island, thanks to their wealth and skills secured their privileged position at the top of hierarchy. In that sense, it was an oligarchy. Does the 1870 rupture, consisting in settling the Republic, provide the keys of an eventual renewal? Is the Gambetta's "new layers" model, emerging in metropolitan France, likely to be implemented in colonies ? The ambit of our work is to feature this group (governors, deputies, senators, presidents of the General Council, mayors), in which collective and individual dimensions merge. This prosopographical study lies on several Histories, synchronical and diachronical, quantitative and "qualitative", each of them combining demographical, sociological and political approaches. Years 1870 and 1914, limiting the examined period of time, are references to measure the "effects of political change on elites": family, training, professional activities, sociabilities illuminate behaviours, motives and draws on a typology these politicians
Boyogueno, Émile. "L'élite du Cameroun sous tutelle de la France : prosopographie du personnel politique local (1946-1960." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010681.
Full textMichon, Pierre. "« Mon roi, ma patrie et mon département. » : le corps préfectoral de la Restauration (1814-1830)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP010/document.
Full textBetween 1814 and 1830, during the two Restorations, the “Cent-Jours” excepted, 243 prefects serve the last Bourbons, Louis XVIII and Charles X. All these personalities represent the sovereign in the departments. With a few exceptions, they are forgotten nowadays. But it seems necessary to study them in order to understand the French administration and the public action, especially during the period considered. French Restoration’s prefects embody perhaps better than anyone the tension which exists at that time between the will to keep the administrative structures created by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1800 and the temptation to recreate the old monarchy. For that matter, all of them don’t understand in the same way the constitutional monarchy and its institutions. They don’t have the same idea of the king, the fatherland and the department they have to run. Thus, they are emblematic of the last Bourbon’s reign, defined by many writers of this period, for instance Chateaubriand and Balzac, as a genuine mixed time. They consequently compose a mosaic of men we tried to analyze as rigorously as possible in the prosopographic study
Lemetayer-Rezzi, Nathalie. "Servir la République : prosopographie de hauts fonctionnaires coloniaux de 1880 à 1914." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10053.
Full textJoly, Hervé. "De la sociologie à la prosopographie historique des élites : regards croisés sur la France et l'Allemagne." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536658.
Full textThiou, Eric. "L’université de Besançon et les étudiants comtois à la fin de l'Ancien Régime." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC002.
Full textThe present research deals with the university of Besançon (France) and its students in the last decades of the Ancien Régime. 1300 students registered between 1767 and 1789 are studied through their social and geographical origins, their social and occupational evolution and their studies. The peregrinatio academica towards other French universities is alsoapproached. The university, for its part, is analyzed in its internal functioning (financial and seigneurial management, study of buildings). The teaching profession is examined under the prism of the recruitment and the respective careers of the professors. The faculty of law, whichwelcomes most students, sees a lot of its graduates occupying a notable position in the society of Franche-Comté until the beginning of the XIXth century. The graduates of the faculty of medicine make Franche-Comté a province rich in practitioners. The faculty of theology is reduced to grant doctorates to ambitious clerks. Through this research, we have attempted to paint the portrait and the fate of a generation of Franche-Comté’s elite, from the last decades of the Ancien Régime to the age of revolutions
Haberbüsch, Sophie. "Le métier d'anthropologue : carrières, itinéraires de professionnalisation, prosopographie à partir de l'étude critique des "Dictionnaires" biographiques." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0020.
Full textTentoni, Justine. "Entre ville, faubourg et campagne : prosopographie des conseillers municipaux (Lyon et communes fusionnées, 1830-1870)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2130.
Full textThe thesis proposes to apprehend the compositions of the municipal councils of Lyon and its three suburbs (until their amalgam to the city in 1852) between the beginning of the Monarchy of July and the end of the Second Empire. The period, marked both by important economic and social transformations (industrialization linked notably to the Fabrique, emergence of new economic elites) but also by political upheavals (three regimes and two revolutions) is thus a privileged time to observe, by the prism of a local institution, these evolutions. At each modification of regime, there are electoral transformation at the municipal level. The research follows, thanks to the use of the prosopographic method, the personal, family and public paths of the 575 personalities who sit on the municipal councils of Lyon and / or the suburbs. The sources, varied in nature (civil status, notary sources, municipal sources, press ...), allow to draw a typical portrait of this local elite in the heart of the nineteenth century. The specificity of the work lies in the understanding of this group between three interdependent spaces: the city-center (Lyon), the suburbs (Croix-Rousse, Vaise and Guillotière) - hybrid spaces between maintenance of rural practices and rapid settlement of a working class - and the countryside (around Lyon area), in which many councilors are owners and / or exercise political or public responsibilities. The first part of the thesis is about the upheavals of the period from the Trois Glorieuses to the fall of the Second Empire, especially from an electoral point of view: from a named city council (1830-1831) to a council elected by censitaire suffrage (1831-1848) then by universal suffrage (1848-1852) to finally return to a council appointed under prefectural aegis under the Second Empire (1852-1870). From the beginning, it is a question of drawing a global portrait of the municipal councilors and the conditions under which they are appointed. In the second part, we focus on describing more fully the members of the corpus - majority - who belong to the traditional local elites. The results then show a group whose behavior signifies an important conservatism: itineraries are constructed between city and countryside, and wealth and family strategies reveal a dominant and reproducing local elite, the reticular study being as such significant. This bourgeoisie, where classical elites coexist or even merge with the new elites, remains above all active in very localized spheres of domination, around the municipal council, circles and societies, but rarely exceeds the Lyon or Rhone. Finally, in a third part, the thesis proposes to question the issue of the possible renewals in these spaces and moving temporalities: the questions of a "descent of politics towards the masses", (in the expression of M. Agulhon) or a "municipal revolution" (described by J. George), which would begin in 1831 and flourish in 1848, are here re-examined. By the study of second-class municipal councilors and more popular characters, sitting mainly in the suburbs and / or during the Republican parenthesis, the idea of immobile municipal institutions is nuanced. But in Lyon, faced with the rapid recovery of central powers, we finally conclude the failure of municipal renewal, even if political learning is reactivated quickly after Sedan. Finally, the ten chapters that make up this thesis - supplemented by a large volume of annexes - question the local political staff in a period of multiple transformations, between city, suburb and countryside
Maistre, Julie. "Trajectoires : approche prosopographique des explorateurs français de l'Afrique et de l'Asie (1870-1914)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30006/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the interest of studying in a comprehensive and general way, rather than in a fragmented one, the mid of French explorers in the late nineteenth century, to discover more deeply their personalities, motivations, curricula that led them to exploration, the missions they have accomplished, the results they have achieved, etc. This thesis is also the means of establishing a true historical sociology of explorers addressing this environment in its totality and complexity, obviously taking account of the most famous ones but also by focusing on those whose names have been forgotten, ignored or little discussed. This work put into perspective and issues comparisons between explorers who have evolved in various geographic areas and at different periods. Moreover, these explorers would not have existed without support, without network, without support of intellectual, economic and financial, political, scientific connections... This thesis also is the opportunity to uncover the existence of these networks of influence and of colonial enterprise, to discover the means of action and to highlight the means of their business. In this sense, this study makes us understand from the inside both field missions and their sponsors more or less interested in exploration. Overall, this thesis not only helps to better understand what is called the phenomenon of colonization, through a better understanding of the main players, but highlights a completely original fraction and little known of the French society
Levantal, Christophe. "Prosopographie et histoire des institutions : les ducs et pairs et les duchés-pairies laïques, 3 avril 1519-19/23 juin 1790." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040163.
Full textOn the one hand, noting that the institution of the French peerage was still a subject entirely neglected by the historians of the modern times and, on the other hand, that the group which is formed by the individuals who incarnated it never could be carefully examined for lack of being previously enumerated with exactness, we tried to remedy in a mesure that double lacuna by presenting at the same time an inventory of the laical dignities upon which the institution was based and a prosopographical analysis of their titulars. But this work, that it seemed to us necessary to effect on the whole modern time (from the first derogation brought in 1519 to the traditional principles of social recruiting of the laical peers to the suppression of the institution in 1790), had also two others aims : at first, those to facilitate every subsequent searches by establishing a repertory of the sources relating to our subject; then, those to bring some modest rudiments of answer to the question of these personages' importance and part in the modern society thus to the one, most fundamental, of the possibility if not of the process of the insertion of the nobility, and most particularly of its elite, in the compass of the administrative monarchy in the making
Kouamé, Thierry. "Entre le Parlement et l'Université : le collège de Dormans-Beauvais à la fin du Moyen âge : prosopographie d'un collège parisien (1370-1458)." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010665.
Full textSzpirglas, Jacques. "Prosopographie des musiciens des Saintes-Chapelles de Paris (1248 - ca1640) et de Bourges (1405 - ca1640)." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2027/document.
Full textThis work’s cornerstone is a biographic dictionary: thirteen hundred resumes of musicians attached to both Paris’ and Bourges’ Saintes-Chapelles, from their foundation (1248 for the former, and 1405 for the latter) to the middle of the XVIIth century. This is the first prosopographic study, related to a population of musicians. Paris and Bourges’ Saintes- Chapelles, the second one founded upon the Parisian model, are institutions, dedicated to the cult of the relics gathered by Louis IX and his followers, and dedicated to music. Those institutions of modest size (about forty persons) nevertheless hosted a lot of musicians (about thirty). This research is done through four principal angles: the staff’s status, their service dates, their personal musical skills and the relationships between Saintes-Chapelles and private princely chapels. Concerning the last two points, thirty composers have served in the Sainte-Chapelle of Bourges and forty-four in Paris, respectively 5% and 7% of the total amount of singers hosted by them at one time or another. Furthermore from the singers point of view, 12% of the singers of the Sainte-Chapelle of Bourges and 23% of the singers of Paris are documented in a princely chapel, mainly the Royal Chapel. From the point of view of princes and sovereigns, the formers have recruited a lot from the Saintes-Chapelles for their own chapels. Some chapel accounts may mention large proportions of singers, more than 30%, documented in the Saintes-Chapelles of Bourges and Paris, at different times. We have thus proved the skills of the musicians of both Saintes-Chapelles, mainly the Sainte-Chapelle of Paris
Couderc, Mathieu. "Identités subies, identités intégrées : les Grecs dans les sociétés européennes du nord-ouest (Angleterre, Etats bourguignons, France et leurs marges) : début XVè - fin XVIè siècles." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H009/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is about studying mechanisms of identities' creation. Indeed, The Greeks are people who were leaded to leave Greece because of political (the rise of the Turks), economics (some are merchant) or religious reasons (some became Catholics since the council of Florence in 1439). For these reasons, the Greeks came first to Italy. Few of them decided to follow their path to Northern Europe, towards England, Burgundian States and France. Of course, they were only a handful of them, but we tried to understand who were they and what was their purpose. First we determined what were their number their qualities, their activities and their intentions. Secondly, we tried to evaluate the Greeks as strangers or as members diasporic groups like the historiography traditionally qualify the m. We brought to light that the Greeks couldn't be understood as rigid societies which were never changing: sometimes they were received as strangers and excluded from western societies sometimes not. A Greek could change during his life : he could be a poor and foreigner migrant during a certain period an then become a rich merchant integrated to a western society few years later. The third part of our work was to understand t meaning of the word 'Greek' which is often applied in documents: did the word 'Greek' get the same meaning in England in France, during the early fifteenth century or the end of the sixteenth century? Of course, not. We explained the documentation built a stereotypical speech about the Greeks, about what they were supposed to be, to eat, to wear, to spear or to pray . This is the Greek Identities' Laboratory
Brejon, de Lavergnée Matthieu. "La société de Saint-Vincent-de-Paul à Paris au XIXe siècle (1833-1871) : prosopographie d’une élite catholique fervente." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040106.
Full textThe Saint Vincent de Paul Society was born in Paris in 1833. Her founders were a group of catholic students, which among them Frédéric Ozanam is the best known, anxious to uphold their faith and to help the poors. This thesis’s methods come from those of religious and social history ; this work tries to understand the shapes and reasons of the fast developpement of a charitable work in the first middle of the nine’teenth century. It takes an interest in the urban geography of its implatation in France. It studies also the paterns of its organization and government inside the institution ; the speeches and observances of its members, between charity and philanthropy, read in the light of an anthropology of the gift. It takes an interest as well into the most significant of its charitable work, housecall visits and patronage, without neglecting their own financing. At the local and parish scale, Paris is a special place for the observation, in order to lighten the charitable networks of the french capital. To end with, a prosopography of the members ables us to draw the fellow members profile, the modle of the charitable man in the first social catholicism
Gibiat, Samuel. "Hiérarchies sociales et ennoblissement : les commissaires des guerres de la Maison du roi, 1691-1790 /." Paris : École des Chartes, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb402100648.
Full textEn appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 701-710. Notes bibliogr. Index.
Bove, Boris. "Dominer la ville : prévôts des marchands et échevins parisiens (1260-1350)." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT5026.
Full textCastagnet, Véronique. "Prosopographie d'une société en reconstruction : le clergé des diocèses béarnais de Lescar et d'Oloron : de l'Edit de Fontainebleau à la Révolution (1599-1789)." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU1005.
Full textZakaria, Riad. "Les sociabilités élitaires à Lyon au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2051.
Full textThe principal subject of the thesis Les Sociabilités élitaires au XVIIIe siècle deals with interactions between the dominant social groups in Lyon during the Enlightenment century. Lyon has the reputation of being a city “without nobility”, where commercial activity is powerful. However, the aristocracy is present, even if it is in minority, and we can find it obviously in the most luxurious districts of the city of the Rhône. The Lyon’s elite categories of the 18th century are: clergymen, the nobility (according to french sense : épée, robe, cloche), officers (nobles, or belonging to the Third Estate), bourgeois, liberal professions, traders, merchants. Therefore, the main idea of this study is to see the links between these elite groups, how they cross and/or unite each other, and how they share the Lyon territory. This work of research essentially uses the prosopographical method to reach statistic results enabling to produce an historical reflection about the question of the sociabilities of the elites from Lyon in this period. To reach this goal, we focused on the matrimonial strategies (first part), the cultural sociabilities (second part) and residential localizations (third part). Thus, we are interested in the first chapter by demographic behaviour, weddings (with especially the phenomenons of endogamy, exogamy, hypogamy, hypergamy), spiritual kinship and influence of the rank inside the siblings. In the second chapter, we are interested by cultural societies, religious life, masonic lodges, theatre and different urban institutions (imprisonment institutions, military companies, and so on.). Finally, in the third chapter, we are interested by the spatial distribution of these elites, the area of the city beeing divided between the Fourvière side, the North Saint-Nizier side and the South Saint-Nizier side. Thus, each part gives rise to special problems. About the matrimonial problems, we could question : how far these groups are endogamous? When strong endogamy rule, which is too often a priori supposed is transgressed, between which groups alliance connections are developed? About the cultural sociabilities, we try to see which groups are associated to which societies or institutions and we try to see if there is links between them inside these ones. A fortiori, we try to show if some categories are more or less excluded of some of them. To answer these questionings, we have made databases with the lists of the members of the masonic lodges, the hospital boards, the councils of charity societies, literary circles, an so on. At last, about the residential localizations, we could wonder to which extent we could manage to make a correspondence between the accommodations of a group to a segregative will? What are the commensalité forms? What are the characteristics of the social diversity spaces? So, this work has a new perspective, because if Maurice Garden looked into the situation of the lower classes of Lyon in the 18th century, there was a lack in the historiographical research on the elites
Mouchel-Vallon, Patrice. "Croquants, rebelles et ligueurs en Cotentin à la fin du XVIe siècle. : la réécriture politique d'une révolte et de ses composantes : prosopographie de l'émeute, du saccage et du meurtre." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC001/document.
Full textHarmed by the first Wars of Religion, the Cotentin region is torn between the need to mend its wounds and the need to put an end to the huguenot threat. Far away from everything and prone to panic, the region believes that it is threatened by a new english invasion or even worse, by the erection of a Protestant Republic in Carentan. However, the nobility is not leading the fight: exhausted by wars, quickly deprived from its leaders, it must deal with a small circle of bailiffs and lower clergymen with their own contacts in Paris, a small world which nurtures a rancor against the Crown and thinks that the aristocracy will not measure up to the issues at stake.This work focuses on the popular components of the rural League. Priests wielding halberds, canons carrying arquebuses, robber lords, pirates and shipwrecks looters, smugglers and farmer-generals taxing salt and beverages, corrupt sergeants, woodcutter-potters and glassmakers from the Brix forest, drapers, fullers and dyers, that make up to a thousand leaders and troublemakers, part of a an unknown, picaresque and often suspicious fauna whose common denominator is not reduced to primary anglophobia and anti-protestantism.This research is also a political story, convinced that at the bottom of the social scale, there is an opinion, even in Normandy. Hence the necessity to find new documents and confront the individual to the group, his words to his actions, his present to his past, in a peninsula where nothing is more complicated than taking a public stance and killing each other among acquaintances, Then forget about it or lie
Berthe, Pierre-Marie. "Les procureurs français à la cour pontificale d'Avignon (1309-1376)." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040080.
Full textAuxiliaries of the Curia whose role is to represent before the Holy See those members of the clergy and those laypeople who delegate them to do so, the proctors intervene in a number of domains ; such as the obtaining of papal letters at the Chancery, trials at the Rota as well as the other courts of justice, the payment of service taxes at the Apostolic Chamber, the giving up of ecclesiastical benefices… After having evoked the principal aspects of the function of proctor in the 14th century, this study focuses on a group of 130 "French" proctors who carry out their office with a certain regularity, between 1309 and 1376. Their career is analysed from various points of view ; the number and nature of their interventions, the length of their stay in Avignon, the importance and origin of the clients they represent… A vast prosopographical study accompanied by an alphabetical index enables one to visualize the physiognomy of the proctors from the various biographical details
Jestin, Mathieu. "Le consulat de France à Salonique 1781-1913." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010629/document.
Full textIn December 1913, just after the two Balkan wars, the Hellenic Governor of Salonica communicate to all the consuls a circular announcing the abolition of the capitulations, ending the story of the French consulate in Ottoman Macedonia, started in 1686. Even if this region of the Ottoman Empire is mostly unknown in Europe before the events of the beginning of the 20th century, the case of the French Consulate in Salonica is emblematic of the deployment of the French consular diplomacy during the long nineteenth century. Despite its theoretical reorganization in 1781, the consulate of Salonica long remained at the margin of the French diplomatic machine before gradually become integrated. Much more than the diplomatic level, local realities precondition the daily running of the office, confronting the consuls to the common experience of otherness
Lémeillat, Marjolaine. "Les gens de savoir en Bretagne à la fin du Moyen Âge (fin XIIIe-XVe siècle)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0082.
Full textPeople of science, bishops and canons, abbots and monks, chancelors and secretaries, bailiffs and seneschals, prosecutors and atorneys, notaries and professors, medical practitioners, make the most part of the high-clergy, the justice people and the ducal administrative executives in Britanny, at the end of the Middle Ages.Mostly trained in law in universities of the Kingdom of France (Paris, Angers), many come back to make a carreer in the duchy, serving the Church, the Justice, the duke and his administration, contributing to their developpement from the end of the 14th century and during the 15th century. In their tasks, they do not neglect their own professionnal and personnal success, some cumulating positions and incomes.This study tracks back their origins, their career path, their aspirations, their successes and failures in securing a position in society and beyond, also enlightening on the workings of the various professionnal branches in which they evolve
Torhoudt, Eric Van. "Centralité et marginalité en Neustrie et dans le duché de Normandie : maîtrise du territoire et pouvoirs locaux dans l'Avranchin, le Bessin et le Cotentin ( (VI-XIe siècles)." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070051.
Full textAfter the blaze in the Archives Building of the Department de la Manche in 1944, western Normandy was considered as a marginal, undeveloped area condemned to amnesia. There remains, however, a large corpus of writings from the 18th and 19th centuries in various regional and national records. The study of such scattered and diverse documentation covers a vast territory corresponding to Neustria and eastern Normandy and a period stretching from the 6th to the 1 lth century. The purpose of this thesis is to show how this corpus was put together by studying the rewrites and examining the process which helped shape the historiographic profile of the region. Following the research conducted by G. Louise, J-P Brunterc'h and P. Bauduin, this thesis will not consider these territories as seen from the Archbishopric of Rouen or the Duchy of Normandy. It will consider them from within, as an interface subject to multiple and conflicting influences,yet driven by their own territorial, social and political dynamics. This research will focus on the Frankish march whose extensive religious, social and territorial structures lead to the acculturation of the Breton and Scandinavian settlers. For the Norman period, it will first examine the nature of the existing links with the local secular power-holders (specific role of ducal kinship and wives) or with their religious counterparts (establishment of Benedictine abbeys and nomination process of abbots). It will also reassess the part played by the secular clerics. Prosopographic research will help show the existence of a local aristocracy at the beginning of the llth century
Canteaut, Olivier. "Gouvernement et hommes de gouvernement sous les derniers Capétiens (1313-1328)." Paris 1, 2005. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01663771.
Full textNabias, Laurent. "« Pour lui aider à soustenir son estat » : alliances, fiefs, réseaux, clientèles et partis dans l’ancienne noblesse d’Île-de-France de Philippe Auguste à Charles VII (1180-1437)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100170.
Full textThis thesis consists in the study of the strategies of resistance and adaptation of topographic lineages made up by successions of chalk-linings of the former nobility from the Île-de-France region on same seigniorial centers of power, facing the so-called crisis peerage-book of 14th and 15th centuries. It is a question of showing that the concept of crisis peerage-book should not be applied to the whole of the nobility from the Île-de-France region, since some topographic lineages old cross the period without damage. The investigation counts and questions the means and resources used by these old noble which survive. The related alliances and matrimonial strategies are approached. The organization of the continuity of the exploitation of their strongholds is examined, showing signs of crispation and reactivation of the feudal system in reaction to the economic difficulties related to the Hundred Year War. A prosopographical database is presented and a typology of individual relations is proposed to then nourish a methodology of network analysis of the relationships, networks of affiliations at the royal princely institutions, or of membership of customers or parties. How did these old noble benefit from the clients installation by the Princes? How did they take part in the various parties which were opposed during the Hundred Year War? Lastly, the culture of the nobility is studied through its participation in the life curiale the Largeones, its brands of devotion and its relations with its ancestors. Wasn't the feeling of appartenance of the former nobility from the Île-de-France region to the same proud group of its origins finally the main reason of their subsistence?
Le, Roux Amandine. "Servir le pape, le recrutement des collecteurs pontificaux dans le royaume de France et en Provence de la papauté d’Avignon à l’aube de la Renaissance (1316-1521)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100154.
Full textBetween the 14th and 15th centuries the administration charged with the collection of taxes levied by the Pope was controlled by the Office of the Pontifical Collector. In the kingdom of France and in Provence, the fiscal levy was in operation between 1326 and 1348 and was accompanied by a certain number of long term innovations. The collector comes to the fore as the main official responsible for the collection of tax, while the administrative areas drawn up for its collection (collectories) are demarcated. Despite the troubles brought about by the Great Schism, the Councils of Constance and of Basil and the Pragmatic Sanction of Bruges, the position only enters into decline at the beginning of the 16th century. Although certain methods of nomination and of shared control progressively become the norm, a certain level of specialization is to be noted between the collectors themselves – the ordinary collectors, the permanent agents authorized to collect all taxes and the temporary specialized collectors who were created for the levy of a single tax. These local structures were part and parcel of the formation of the modern Pontifical State and its new territorial network. In order to obtain such objectives, the papacy reveals itself to be particularly attentive as regarding the question of recruitment. It selects agents who are efficient, experienced and with a good grounding in law. Many of them were canons, ecclesiastical dignitaries and also bishops and abbots. During the period of the Avignon Papacy, these men often had the same origins as the popes themselves or benefited from the support of a cardinal. Their careers could be varied. The majority were still collecting tax once they had left their posts, some died while still in office, while a small elite were promoted to a new position in the council. Five major types of recruitment can be distinguished
Gonzalez, Elizabeth. "L' Hôtel des ducs d'Orléans au XVe siècle : étude sociale et institutionnelle." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010642.
Full textDejoux, Marie. "Gouverner par l'enquête au XIIIe siècle : les restitutions de Louis IX (1247-1270)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010665.
Full textGicquel, Samuel. "Prêtres de Bretagne : les carrières ecclésiastiques dans les diocèses de Saint-Brieuc et de Vannes (1801-1905)." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20031.
Full textAs early as the end of Restoration, the profusion of priests in the Breton dioceses of Saint-Brieuc and Vannes resulted in the blocking of clerical careers, especially in Upper Brittany. It led to a diversification of the trajectories a priest could aspire to. A wide erudition, the management of charities, or holding several offices were other ways leading to clerical notability. Benefiting from favourable circumstances, bishops increased their hierarchical control of the clergy. Given the amount of competition, a priest aspiring to a successful career had no choice other than to abide by his bishop's decisions and to become the all round clergyman, unless he could rely on family connections, his own cultural capital or a dense social network. In both dioceses, ecclesiastical careers were markedly influenced by cultural borders. Memories of former dioceses remained vivid for several decades before fading out in the second half of the century when the new diocesan framework settled in
Jugie, Pierre. "Le Sacré Collège des cardinaux de la mort de Benoît XII à la mort de Grégoire XI (1342-1378)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010714.
Full textBosvieux-Onyekwelu, Charles. "D’une sociodicée à un savoir d’État : le service public, une tentative de mise en forme du monde social par le droit (1873-1940)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV114.
Full textAt the intersection of social history, the sociology of law and the sociology of elites, the thesis goes back to the origin of a key concept of the French Republican State: public service. Between 1870 and 1940, this idea, which preceded the new regime, is reshaped by different types of actors in a more democratic sense, as an aggiornamento of state-thought. The legal circles (senior officials of the Conseil d'État and law professors) took a prime position during this update. They notably made advantage of the rise in importance of administrative litigation to legitimate their position as opposed to civil law specialists and impose a vision "from above" of public service, understood as true science of administration. By retracing the sequence of events that made a myth from the Blanco case of 8 February 1873, the thesis aims to give an account of the construction of a profession, that of a lawyer specialising in public law or in administrative law, at the same time as the creation of a “public” field. Actors distant from the legal field (state engineers, philanthropists, social theorists of all kinds, civil service trade unionists) gravitate to this field, struggling either not to let the State's conception of generosity to the public be imposed on them, or to get the point of view of those dominated in this field (lower and middle bureaucrats, primary school teachers) across. The enquiry therefore highlights the unequal and differentiated distribution of interest for the "public", visible in the understanding of the democratic claims of the time (the right to strike and unionise in the civil service, municipalism, the Act of Parliament on income tax), that certain actors consistently tried to translate into categories of law regarded favourably as the only right approach to the social world. Finally, in an effort to think within the contemporaries of the time’s mindset (i.e. without reading history backwards and by taking virtual history into consideration), this socio-historical work enables the understanding of the transformation of the "self-concern" of the State in a democratic age, by describing the encounter between a traditional, sovereign and masculine right hand (epitomised by the members of the Conseil d'État) and the left hand of the protective and social State.In terms of methodology and theoretical framework, the thesis is based on a prosopographical enquiry, the corpus of which is made from the different subgroups of exponents of the idea of public service between 1870 and 1940 (n = 77, the overwhelming majority are men). It alternates between an account and an analysis of the quantitative data drawn from the prosopographical enquiry, and combines archival ethnography (for the Conseil d'État), correspondance analysis and discourse analysis (administrative justice cases, jurisprudence and "theoretical" works on public service). It attempts a reasoned association between field theory and the sociology of professions. Also, as well as the career records of each individual in the prosopography, the archives that have been examined are those of the Conseil d'État, the Tribunal des conflits, law faculties (mainly Paris, Bordeaux and Toulouse), the “agrégation” examination in law and unions (federations of civil servants + CGT in its relation with the State)
Madignier, Jacques. "Le chapitre cathédral d'Autun du XIe siècle à la fin du XIVe siècle : avec répertoire prosopographique des évêques, dignitaires et chanoines autunois." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOL003.
Full textThe chapter of the Autun Cathedral appeared as soon as the 9th or 10th century as ore of the liveliest religions institutions in Burgundy. The 11th-13th century period represented a climatic moment in history of the chapter, there was indeed stability in its recruitment from the aristocracy and the wealth of its patrimony was cleverly administered. It was a center of prayers with an all the more growing reputation as it relied on Saint Lazarus’ relics. The Saint’s Sanctuary, now transformed into a Cathedral, would attract numerous pilgrims and would gradually be turned into a burial place. The canons would organize the liturgies and lead commemoration services that proved extremely financially rewarding. Throughout the 14th century, this well-balanced organization was shaken off as a consequence to the popes’ intervention as they now decided who would get the profits. It was also because of the Dukes of Burgundy who, as part of modernized conception of power, tried to take back some of the privileges that had been previously granted
Retureau, Hervé. "Sociétés littorales, gens de mer et activités maritimes dans un port en mutation : l'exemple des Sables-d'Olonne (1747-1866)." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2003.
Full textSeafarers form, in Les Sables-d'Olonne, an old fishing port, a homogeneous social group throughout the period studied (1747-1866); a group that has adapted to the evolutions of fisheries and the internal transformation of the port city. The prosopographyoriented approach of this thesis is based on a corpus of 682 individuals, which makes it possible to follow the careers of these men since their entry into the trade as cabin boys until their inscription to the "Hors-service". The story of these men at the bottom of the social ladder leads to a better understanding of the social and economic aspects of the port des Sables over the long term. Each social stratum is thus apprehended: from the mass of sailors to the elite captains of ships without neglecting the world of traders and shipowners. A port that abandoned, after the French Revolution, what made its reputation with the Great fishing in Newfoundland to take root in a new activity around 1830-1860 based on the exploitation of the sardine. This booming fishery will revolutionize the city, which is then transformed by the opening of many factories, the development of port infrastructure and the influx of migrants to complement both the crews and providing women with a seasonal employment made possible by the work of the fish industry. This thesis is a story of men, women and children, all linked together and facing the sea in a port in profound mutation
Planel, Anne-Marie. "De la nation à la colonie : la communauté française de Tunisie au XIXe siècle d'après les archives civiles et notariées du consulat général de France à Tunis." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0073.
Full textTort, Olivier. "L'impossible unité : la droite française sous la Restauration (1814-1830)." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040180.
Full textThis work presents a history of the French Right and of its divisions under the Bourbon Restoration. Firstly, this Right has been precisely characterized, by identifying the lexical expressions which are referred to it, and by quantifying it on national, regional and local scales. Then different facets of the man of the Right have been defined, like social positions, vision of commitment, psychology and relationships with the others. The dysfunctions of royalist organisation have also been analyzed on all the levels, until in the media sphere. Lastly, we have listed ideological divisions, which explain mutual dissensions: visions of international relations, appropriate answers for economic modernity, concretization of the moral and religious values were the three selected angles of incidence, to understand in all their extent the internal dissensions of this French Right
Didier, Sébastien. "Subdélégués et subdélégations dans l'espace atlantique français : étude comparative des intendances de Caen, Lille, Rennes, Fort-Royal et Québec (fin XVIIe - fin XVIIIe siècle)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20047.
Full textSubdelegates of the intendancies indirectly served the king of France at the local level. The study of their institution in five intendancies offers an original point of view on the Ancien Regime state and its administration. Subdelegations existed in all the provinces of the kingdom: in those known as pays d’éections, pays d’États or pays d’imposition, as well as in the colonies. Studying them makes it possible to question this typology and especially the centralization of the Kingdom of France. By comparative prosopography, 687 subdelegates in the 159 subdelegations of the intendancies of Caen in Lower Normandy, Fort-Royal in the Lesser Antilles, Lille in Flanders, Quebec in Canada and Rennes in Brittany are studied. This method allows for inter-provincial and transatlantic as well as intra-provincial comparisons and a multiscalar analysis of the royal administration. Subdelegations emerge as institutions of intendancy, in the service of the monarchy and exercised by local notables. Taxation, civil justice or administrative litigation, investigations, surveys and statistics, royal militia and corvée, public contracts, epidemics and assistance, supervision of municipalities, many powers concern them. In practice, they varied between provinces and between subdelegations. Everywhere, magistrates, mayors, marine commissioners or other notables served as subdelegates. Between bureaucracy and patronage, they participated in a limited administrative centralization. Subdelegations mainly generated multiple mediations of royal power, transforming it through provincial variations and local translations
Garnier, Florent. "Le consulat de Millau au Bas Moyen Age : finances, pouvoir et société." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020120.
Full textGinestous, Thierry. "Une étude sur la solitude rurale au XIXe siècle : monorésidence et autorité dans un village du Comminges : Aventignan." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0117.
Full textMenant, Fabien. "Les députés du Corps législatifs sous le Consulat et l'Empire (1799-1815)." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.numeriquepremium.com/content/books/9782847366402.
Full textThe Legislative Body of the First Empire remains one of the least studied and most poorly understood institutions of the French parliamentarian history. Yet, it is of significant interest from both juridical and social points of view. The proceedings of the annual meetings of the three hundred “notables”, who were supposed to represent the entire Nation, are essential to the understanding of the creation of the imperial notability. The cohort of the one-thousand-four-hundred and sixty-one individuals who sat in the Legislative Body during its existence, constitute an excellent illustration of the imperial society and it also illustrates the composition of the elites whose development was desired by the Emperor. For the notables this assembly was important because it showcased the recognition of their economic and social power. The Legislative Body may be considered in many ways, as the forerunner of the various assemblies of the beginning of the 19th century: by attempting to diminish the influence of these assemblies, Napoleon inadvertently contributed to the emergence of the political elite of the Parliamentary Monarchy. The Legislative Body was the last of the Revolutionary Assemblies, and as such, was also the first Assembly of the notables’ France
Frenkiel, Stanislas. "Des footballeurs professionnels algériens entre deux rives : travailler en France, jouer pour l'Algérie (1954-2002)." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA113004.
Full textIn this doctoral thesis, we have told the stories of three successive generations of professional Algerian soccer players (the « sports migrants » of 1954-1972, the « family based immigrants » of 1972-1988 and those « born in France » between 1988 and 2002) in first and second division French clubs. To write the socio-history of these players in the French Championships (194 played for it in the period 1954 to 2002) and in the Algerian national team, we have drawn on various oral sources -some sixty interviews (« life stories ») carried out in France and in Algeria- as well as written sources : the French and Algerian press and personal records, the C. I. O, the F. A. F. , the F. I. F. A. , the Ligue d’Alger de Football and the Musée de la Préfecture de Police de Paris. From the France-North Africa match to the France-Algeria match, combining the prosopographic method and the quantitative reconstruction of this population, the goal has been to shed a new light, from a cultural point of view, on complex sports migrations. Therefore, we have emphasized the fact that theses migrations between France and Algeria were « put into play » because athletic capital in a competitive market and a historically high level of opportunity existed. Besides the crucial existence of sports and non-sports networks which might help players cross the Mediterranean and get to this relatively close country, these athletic migrations can be explained by looking at the socioeconomic perspective (the expectation of upward social mobility) and the political context, a strict governmental framework of regulations established by France and Algeria. At the heart of this historic relationship between the two countries -and for 132 years they were one and the same country, these sports migrations can also be accounted for by cultural factors which we have attempted to set forth alongside the explanations discussed earlier. Otherwise stated, these soccer players’ bicultural identity nurtured a desire in them, regardless of the country in which they were born or in which they grew up, to play in the French Championships (« desire for France ») but also to play for the Algerian national team (« desire for Algeria »). During the colonial and the postcolonial periods, Algerian acculturation to western modernity, essential to the construction of a model of the migration of Algerian soccer players, plays out more or less along the same modalities. As to the overwhelming choice of « Algerians of France » professional players (« family based immigrants » and « born in France », in both cases sons of immigrant workers) to defend the Algerian colors, this can also be explained by complementary and concomitant factors (athletic, economic and political) which must be considered in conjunction with the familial and sociocultural shaping of their « Algerian identity »
Hême, de Lacotte Rémy. "Entre le trône et l’autel : la grande aumônerie de France sous l’Empire et la Restauration (1804- 1830)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040215.
Full textThe “Grande Aumônerie” traditionally refers, in France, to the clergy in charge of the exercise of the ministryto the sovereign and, among his subjects, to all those attached to his person. A long time confined to the court,this service knows, from its restoration by Napoleon until its removal by the July Monarchy, an unprecedentedgrowth. The incorporation of various components, which the most important is certainly, under theRestoration, the military chaplaincy, converts the modest aulic department into a national institution, whosenumbers equall to those of a small diocese. This work examines how the existence of such a clergy actuallyaffects the running of the Concordat System, through a detailed study of its structures, its staff and its pastoralactivity. It also raises the question of the political weight of the court clergy in the management of religiousaffairs in a constitutional government. Eventually a finding stands out : the marginalization, even before itsdisappearance, of the “Grande Aumônerie”, which, by contrast, underlines the soundness of the institutionsestablished by Bonaparte in order to regulate the religions. The ancient alliance of Throne and Altar then givesway, definitively, to the merely administrative relationship between Church and State
Bennini, Martine. "Les conseillers à la cour des Aides au XVIIe siècle (1635-1691) : étude sociale." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0038.
Full textThe councillors of cour des aides were predominantly stemmed from the world of the Robe. They were a sovereign court's magistrates that heard on appeal, fiscal contentious affairs and appreciated person's nobility. The acquisition of their charge was, either a springboard to accede to a more prestigious charge, or the way to get dignity and a profitable office. Speculation victims or profiteers concerning the value of the office in the two first third of the 17th century, these magistrates were led with their families into a credit spiral that allowed the monarchy to bring in capitals. After the édit de fixation of 1665, the consequence of the office economic depreciation was the deterioration of its social importance detectable in the matrimonial agreements. The study of families origins and unions, cames to light a united circle. The family and friendship ties show this solidarity
Juratic, Sabine. "Le monde du livre à Paris entre absolutisme et Lumières : recherches sur l'économie de l'imprimé et sur ses acteurs." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE4051.
Full textBased on a study of printed books professionals and their practices, this thesis evaluates the economic impact of the state control over all printed material that king louis the xivth established at the beginning of his reign and that lasted until the revolution. First part looks into printing and publishing organization in paris as driven by booksellers and printers community. Second part details socio-professional aspects of master printers from end of 17th and over a century. The last part highligts the changes in printing labor and how they impact the distribution business
Becchia, Cécile. "Les bourgeois et le prince : les sociétés politiques de Dijon et Lille (1419-1477)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040122.
Full textThis PhD thesis is about the relationship between political societies of Dijon and Lille and princely power under the last two dukes of Burgundy (1419-1477) studying the manner the citizens felt it in terms of appropriateness and how they associated to the princely state and got involved in serving it. Both capitals of a multipolar body of principalities of which they are two of the main French-speaking towns, Dijon and Lille belong to two geopolitical, diversely integrated areas (the former marginal, the latter central) and seldom observed together. The analysis seen from the ruling circles emphasizes the originality with which their links work out. The inhabitants of Dijon are closely associated with the prince’s exercising of power whereas the inhabitants of Lille strictly separate town implication from prince service though both closely related to the ducal entourage. The municipal power sociology together with regional context elements can explain those observed differences. Beyond them, the citizens investment, which is articulated to a set of activities among which the town exercise of power always remains decisive, takes part in urban societies development and initiating their integration in a political territorial society, induces a pragmatic adaptation of town practical politics. The death of Charles the Bold confirms this ability of bourgeois societies to adapt themselves and redirect the ties built with the dukes of Burgundy towards new powers for their benefit
Kalyntschuk, Mathieu. "Entre agricolisation et pastoralisation : Histoire sociale du développement agricole et de ses acteurs dans le département du Doubs, XIXe siècle – première moitié du XXe siècle." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20113/document.
Full text« There is nowhere such a large number of agronomists who devote their talents and their days to discover and spread useful truths, nor such a large number of excellent works on agriculture, and there is nowhere such a large number of ignorant farmers, incapable of understanding what it would be important for them to appreciate ». Such is the panorama of French agriculture drawn up in 1821 by Désiré Ordinaire, member of the Agricultural Society of the Doubs. This picture of agricultural France with little ability to innovate – except for the great landowner agronomists – has long been fixed in the minds of researchers, who have often considered that agriculture started to develop with the high productivity of the 1960s. We believe that « agricultural development »is, however, an older process, rooted in individual or collective initiatives which were sometimes very early. After clarifying the concept of « agricultural development », we therefore seek to prove that French agriculture had already been dynamic during the nineteenth century. The example of the Doubs department enables us to study how it moved on to pastoral specialization. The analysis of the actors of the agricultural development during the 19th and 20th centuries, backed by prosopographical and micro-historical methods, allows us to throw light on the changes in agriculture, on their chronology.Finally, the monitoring of over 800 people – members of the Agricultural Society, of the country fair and consultative chambers, of the trade unions and mutual insurance companies, or else prizewinners – enables us to specify and date the periods when the agrarian elite, the actors in this development, emerged. This elite did not necessarily choose pastoral specialization, thus showing a complex relationship between agriculturalisation and pastoralization
Boulland, Paul. "Acteurs et pratiques de l'encadrement communiste à travers l'exemple des fédérations PCF de banlieue parisienne (1944-1974)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010535.
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