Journal articles on the topic 'Prosody'
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Hawthorne, Kara E., Reiko Mazuka, and LouAnn Gerken. "Prosodic Bootstrapping of Clauses: Is it Language-Specific?" LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 3 (April 8, 2012): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.596.
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According to the Prosodic Bootstrapping Hypothesis, infants use prosody to support syntax acquisition (Morgan, 1986). Our previous work provides evidence that infants treat prosodically-marked units as moveable constituents. In order to investigate the mechanism underlying this effect, we tested Japanese-acquiring infants on their ability to use prosody to locate clauses in an English-based artificial grammar. The Japanese infants were able to learn from English prosody, suggesting that prosodic bootstrapping relies on prosody's general acoustic properties. It appears that prosodic cues to syntax are robust enough across languages to be used without extensive knowledge of language-specific prosody.
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R, Shanmugapriya. "The Change and Difference of the Prosody." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, no. 4 (October 17, 2022): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22433.
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Prosody in Tamil has changed and developed from time to time. Prosody itself helps in the creation of traditional poems. Apart from creating traditional poems, prosody is also a tool for knowing the structure and meaning of songs composed on the basis of a tradition dating back to ancient times. It is prosody that lays down the rules for the style of the verse, which treats the subject matter of the book with sound and appearance. If the ideas expressed are in the style of a poem, then the prose has no use for the reciter. That is why, compared to prose, the style of the poem becomes superior. Since all our ancient texts are composed in the style of poetry, the practice of prosody is essential for our fullest experience of them. Tolkappiya poetry is an uncommon component of understanding the structure of ancient Tamil poetry. The former praised the prosodic features and developed them from time to time. The Tholkappiyar was also well-versed in the prosodic system that existed before him. He praises the creators of prosody that existed before him as 'Yaappari Pulavar (Poets who know Prosody)'. Tolkappiyam is the first book we have today to expound the Prosody. After Tholkappiyam, books such as Kakkaipaadiniyam, Avinayam, Yaapparungalam, Yaapparungalakaarikai, Veerachozhiyam, Muthuveeriyam, Palkaayam, etc., have appeared to describe prosody. It is natural that from time to time the emergence of new types of prosody and changes in old prosodic types occur. Therefore, the prosody explained by other poets’ texts differs in some respects from the grammatical trend of Tholkappiyar. This article is based on how Tolkappiyar's opinion about prosodic parts in the grammar of prosody has been changed or different in the prosodic texts that appeared after him.
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Setiawati, Eti, and Titis Bayu Widagdo. "STRATEGI KESANTUNAN TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF WERKUDARA DALAM WAYANG PURWA: ANALISIS POLA PROSODI." LITERA 20, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 154–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v20i1.34058.
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Tokoh Werkudara (WR) memiliki kekhasan yang menjadikan tokoh tersebut unik dan berbeda dibanding tokoh lainya dalam pementasan wayang purwa. Secara kebahasaan tokoh WR memiliki gaya berbicara kasar dan tidak pernah berbicara halus, dan cenderung tidak santun terhadap mitra tuturnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pola prosodi strategi kesantunan tindak tutur direktif yang dilakukan tokoh Werkudara dalam wayang purwa. Penelitian ini menggunakan data tindak tutur direktif yang dilakukan tokoh Werkudara dalam lakon Dewa Ruci dengan pemilihan kalimat target tindak tutur direktif requestives sub fungsi meminta dengan struktur S-P-Pel aku jaluk pamit dan tindak tutur direktif questions sub fungsi bertanya dengan strutur apa-S?. Sumber penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rekaman video pementasan wayang lakon Dewa Ruci oleh Ki Nartosabdo. Data tuturan tersebut diproses dengan menggunakan aplikasi Praat dengan berpedoman pada aturan IPO (Instituut voor Perceptie Onderzoek) guna menggambarkan dan mempersepsikan aspek prosodi dari tuturan Werkudara kepada masing-masing mitratuturnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori pragmatik sebagai pisau bedah guna menjelaskan hubungan pola prosodi dalam membangun kesatunan dengan mitra tutur. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijelaskan tiga pola prosodi dalam tindak tutur direktif Werkudara, yaitu pertama, konteks mitra tutur (+D, +P ‘met’) dalam tuturanya Werkudara menggunakan pola prosodi kontur nada turun atau deklinasi, julat nada tinggi (melodis), dan durasi panjang. Kedua konteks mitra tutur (-D, +P ‘met’) menggunakan pola prosodi kontur nada turun atau deklinasi, julat nada kecil (monoton), dan durasi panjang. Ketiga, konteks mitra tutur (+D, +P ‘mat’) menggunakan pola prosodi kontur nada naik atau inklinasi, julat nada kecil (monoton), dan durasi pendek.Kata kunci: wayang purwa, werkudara, tindak tutur direktif, pola prosodi POLITENESS STRATEGY OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT OF WERKUDARA IN THE WAYANG PURWA: A PROSODIC ANALYSISAbstract The Werkudara (WR) character has a peculiarity that makes this character unique and different from other characters in the shadow-puppet performances. Linguistically, the WR character has a harsh speaking style, never speaks softly, and tends to be disrespectful to his speech partners. The purpose of this study is to describe the prosody pattern of the directive speech acts of the politeness strategy performed by the Werkudara character in the puppet performance. This study uses the directive speech-act data performed by the character Werkudara in Dewa Ruci's play by selecting the target sentence directive speech-act requestives requesting sub-function with the structured target sentences S-P-Pel ‘aku jaluk pamit’ and the directive speech acts question sub-function of asking with the structure what-S?. The research source used in this study was the video recording of the Dewa Ruci puppet performance by Ki Nartosabdo. Furthermore, the speech data is processed using the Praat application guided by the IPO rules (Instituut voor Perceptie Onderzoek) to describe and perceive the prosody aspects of Werkudara's speech to each of his partners. This study uses the pragmatic theory as a tool to explain prosody patterns in building politeness with speech partners. The results of the study indicate the three prosody patterns in the speech acts of the Werkudara as follows. First, the context of the speech partners (+ D, + P 'met') in Werkudara's speech uses the prosody pattern of downward pitch or declination contours, high pitch range (melodic), and long duration. Second, the two contexts of speech partners (-D, + P 'met') use a downward or declination prosody pattern, a small pitch range (monotone), and a long duration. Third, the context of speech partners (+ D, + P 'mat') uses a prosody pattern of rising or inclination contours, small pitch ranges (monotone), and short duration.Keys word: shadow puppet, Werkudara, directive speech acts, prosody patterns.
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Kuswantari, Tantri Dwi, Maghfirah Rit Atusaadah, Tengku Syarfina, and Maryana Sitinjak. "Analisis Prosodi dalam Bahasa Batak Toba: Kajian Fonetik Akustik." SUAR BETANG 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/surbet.v17i2.388.
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This study aims to analyze the prosody in the Batak Toba language using an acoustic-phonetic approach. The measurement of experimental speech sounds uses spectrum analysis with computer assistance. Using recordings from a Sony ICD-PX 470 recorder, which are saved in WAV files, and Praat software version 6.0.54, suprasegmental or prosodic features can be analyzed. These suprasegmental or prosodic features include the high and low frequency of the sound and the intensity and duration of the speech. Data for the research was collected from declarative and imperative utterances by 20 male and 20 female Batak Toba native speakers and analyzed using spectrographs. The experimental method in this research shows the differences in prosody in male and female utterances so the characteristics of prosody between the two types of gender can be identified. The writer indicates that the frequency and intensity of female sounds are higher than male sounds in the two kinds of utterances. However, the duration required by males to pronounce the two utterances was longer than that required by females.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis prosodi yang terdapat dalam bahasa Batak Toba dengan menggunakan pendekatan fonetik akustik. Pengukuran bunyi ujaran eksperimental menggunakan analisis spektrum dengan bantuan komputer. Menggunakan rekaman dari perekam Sony ICD-PX 470 yang disimpan dalam file WAV dan perangkat lunak Praat versi 6.0.54, fitur-fitur suprasegmental atau prosodi dapat dianalisis. Fitur-fitur suprasegmental atau prosodi mencakup frekuensi tinggi rendahnya nada bunyi, intensitas, dan durasi penuturan bunyi. Data penelitian berasal dari ujaran deklaratif dan imperatif yang dituturkan oleh 20 laki-laki dan 20 perempuan penutur asli Batak Toba dan dianalisis menggunakan spektograf. Penelitian dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen ini menunjukkan perbedaan prosodi yang terdapat dalam tuturan laki-laki dan perempuan sehingga dapat ditemukan ciri-ciri khas prosodi antara kedua jenis kelamin tersebut. Penulis mengindikasikan bahwa nilai frekuensi suara dan intensitas suara yang dihasilkan perempuan lebih tinggi dari yang dihasilkan laki-laki dalam kedua ujaran tersebut. Namun, durasi yang dibutuhkan oleh laki-laki untuk menuturkan kedua ujaran tersebut ternyata lebih lama dibandingkan perempuan.
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Bennett, Ryan, and Emily Elfner. "The Syntax–Prosody Interface." Annual Review of Linguistics 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011718-012503.
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This article provides an overview of current and historically important issues in the study of the syntax–prosody interface, the point of interaction between syntactic structure and phrase-level phonology. We take a broad view of the syntax–prosody interface, surveying both direct and indirect reference theories, with a focus on evaluating the continuing prominent role of prosodic hierarchy theory in shaping our understanding of this area of linguistics. Specific topics discussed in detail include the identification of prosodic domains, the universality of prosodic categories, the recent resurgence of interest in the role of recursion in prosodic structure, crosslinguistic variation in syntax–prosody mapping, prosodic influences on syntax and word order, and the influence of sentence processing in the planning and shaping of prosodic domains. We consider criticisms of prosodic hierarchy theory in particular, and provide an assessment of the future of prosodic hierarchy theory in research on the syntax–prosody interface.
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Atria, José J., Jane Brusilovsky, Kevin Cohen, and Peter Pressman. "Prosodyad: A Praat plugin to assess prosody in dyadic interactions." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010885.
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Affective prosodic features, such as syllabification and fundamental frequency, are important aspects of human communication. Praat software has enabled detailed analysis of prosody but is usually used to analyze small snippets of task-based speech. To study prosody in more ecologically valid ten-minute conversations, we designed Prosodyad, a Praat script designed to extract several emotionally salient prosodic features from conversations between two people. Prosodyad is designed to overcome several technical obstacles inherent to multiple speakers by using human labeling on Praat “textgrids” to analyze signals only from noise-free, non-overlapping speech. Prosodyad works over lists of matched textgrids and audio files, extracting salient features such as F0 floor, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation, mean and standard deviation of F1 and F2, HF500, and intensity mean, min, max, and SD, and a syllable count for each unbroken interval. Floor and ceiling for pitch, windowing options for the analysis, as well as max formant as well as thresholds for ASD can be set by the user. We illustrate potential research and clinical applications and give examples of analyses relevant to ten-minute conversations among people with dementia. The software is available on Github at https://github.com/jjatria/pluginprosodyad.
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Jones, Harrison N. "Prosody in Parkinson's Disease." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 19, no. 3 (October 2009): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld19.3.77.
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Abstract Purpose: Prosodic abnormalities are commonly recognized to be present in the speech of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and hypokinetic dysarthria. Emerging evidence also suggests that deficits in the receptive processing of prosody are present in individuals with PD. This paper reviews aspects of prosody in PD, including the perceptual and acoustic features and their effect on communication; receptive deficits in prosodic processing; and the effects of medical, surgical, and behavioral treatments on prosody. Methods: Published reports on the above listed aspects of prosody in PD are reviewed and reported. Results and Conclusions: The perceptual and acoustic characteristics of prosodic impairments in PD are well defined. Perceptually, the principal prosodic features include monopitch, reduced stress, monoloudness, and rate abnormalities. The most common acoustic findings are decreased variability of fundamental frequency (F0) and intensity. A growing literature also suggests that the basal ganglia are critical in receptively processing prosodic information, which is impaired in PD. The role of medical and surgical treatment of PD on speech prosody remains unclear but, overall, appears limited. Behavioral treatments for prosodic disturbance appear promising, though further study is required.
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ARMSTRONG, Meghan. "Children's epistemic inferences through modal verbs and prosody." Journal of Child Language 47, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 1132–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000916.
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AbstractThis study explores how young children infer nuances in epistemic modality through prosody. A forced-choice task was used, testing children's (ages three to seven) comprehension of the might/will distinction (modal condition) as well their ability to modulate the strength of might through two prosodic tunes (prosody condition). Positive and negative valence conditions were included. Younger children were shown to start off performing above chance for the modal condition, and at around chance for the prosody condition, but after age four performance on the prosody condition quickly improved. For both modal verbs and prosody, children performed significantly better when valence was positive. By age seven, children performed at ceiling for all conditions. Qualitative analysis of children's justifications for prosody responses showed metalinguistic awareness of prosodic meaning as early as age four, with the ability to relate prosody to epistemic modal meaning becoming quite common by age seven.
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Martínez Burgos, Manuel. "La prosodia como fuente de inspiración en la composición, análisis de dos obras propias: I Have a Dream y Romancero gitano." Súmula: Revista de Teoría y Análisis Musical 1, no. 2 (December 7, 2023): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.59180/29525993.a3428988.
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Este artículo explora la noción de prosodia y su relación con la composición musical. El estudio lingüístico de la prosodia se ocupa de la energía, los ritmos y las entonaciones de los patrones del habla y cómo estos impactan en el significado de las expresiones. Está claro que hay correspondencias considerables entre los elementos prosódicos del lenguaje –sus ritmos, acentos y entonaciones– y la música; la prosodia es, con mucho, el elemento del lenguaje más cercano al sonido musical –en oposición al significado semántico o incluso pragmático–. El estudio de la prosodia revela muchas de las características del estado emocional o expresivo de un hablante, del mismo modo que inferimos el contenido emocional de la música a partir de la interpretación de una obra. ¿Qué hay de la relación entre prosodia y composición? El vínculo entre la prosodia y la composición musical ha sido muy significativo en momentos particulares de la historia, pero faltan estudios completos sobre esta conexión. Este artículo tiene como objetivo abordar esta falta de investigación tomando como punto de partida el análisis de mi propia obra. Con estas ideas en mente ofrezco una visión general de las conexiones entre la prosodia y la composición musical, y examino algunos trabajos psicolingüísticos actuales sobre el tema. A continuación reflexiono sobre mi enfoque compositivo utilizando la prosodia como fuente de inspiración en dos obras propias: I Have a Dream para oboe solo y Romancero gitano para pianista-recitador. Cierro el artículo con unas reflexiones finales.
Palabras clave: análisis, composición, Federico García Lorca, Manuel Martínez Burgos, I Have a Dream, Romancero gitano
Prosody as a source of inspiration in composition, analysis of two 0wn pieces: I Have a Dream and Romancero gitano
AbstractThis article explores the notion of prosody and its relationship to musical composition. The linguistic study of prosody is concerned with the energy, rhythms and intonations of speech patterns, and how these impact on the meaning of utterances. It is clear that there are considerable correspondences between the prosodic elements of language—its rhythms, stresses, and intonations—and music; it is by far the closest element of language to musical sound—as opposed to semantic or even pragmatic meaning. The study of prosody reveals many of the features of any speaker's emotional or expressive state, in the same way that we infer emotional content in music from the performance of a work. But what of the relationship between prosody and composition? The link between prosody and musical composition has been very significant at particular moments in history yet there is a lack of any thorough scholarship on this connection. This article aims to address this research gap taking two of my pieces as a starting point. With these ideas in mind, I provide an overview of the connections between prosody and music composition, and examine some current psycho-linguistic work on the subject. I then reflect on my compositional approach using prosody as a source of inspiration in two of my own works: I Have a Dream for solo oboe and Romancero gitano for pianist-reciter. I close the article with some final reflections.
Keywords: analysis, composition, Federico García Lorca, Manuel Martínez Burgos, I Have a Dream, Romancero gitano
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Susanto, Susanto. "A CASE STUDY OF PROSODIC PHRASAL GROUPING AND INTONATIONAL PROMINENCE IN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION." English Review: Journal of English Education 4, no. 2 (October 24, 2016): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v4i2.342.
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In language acquisition, children use prosody in their comprehension and production of utterances. In line with that, as a case study in this research, I analyze two particular aspects of prosody in a child’s language acquisition, i.e. prosodic phrasal grouping and intonational prominence. In the first aspect, I investigate whether the child uses prosodic phrases to group words together into interpretable units. In the second aspect, I analyze whether the child uses intonational prominence to focus marking prosody. The result indicates that both aspects are used by the child.Keywords: language acquisition, prosody, intonation, phonetic cues.
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Rodriguez, Amy D. "Aprosodia Secondary to Right Hemisphere Damage." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 19, no. 3 (October 2009): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld19.3.71.
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Abstract Purpose: This article introduces two types of prosody in human communication; describes right hemisphere contributions to prosody; describes prosodic deficits associated with right hemisphere damage; and discusses prevalence, quality of life, spontaneous recovery, and treatment of aprosodia. Method: Definitions of affective and linguistic prosody and aprosodia are provided. Results of lesion studies and neuroimaging studies are reviewed to inform the reader of the importance of the right hemisphere in prosody expression and comprehension, as well as to describe patterns of prosodic deficits in individuals with right hemisphere damage. Results and Conclusions: There is a large body of evidence supporting the role of the right hemisphere in affective prosody comprehension and production. Specifically, frontal brain regions and the basal ganglia are associated with aprosodia, suggesting there may be an underlying motor impairment. Because aprosodia is enduring and can impact quality of life, it is important to gain a better understanding of this disorder so that clinicians can accurately diagnose prosodic deficits and provide informed treatment.
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CHAMPOUX-LARSSON, MARIE-FRANCE, and ALEXANDRA S. DYLMAN. "A prosodic bias, not an advantage, in bilinguals' interpretation of emotional prosody." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918000640.
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A bilingual advantage has been found in prosody understanding in pre-school children. To understand this advantage better, we asked 73 children (6-8 years) to identify the emotional valence of spoken words, based on either semantics or emotional prosody (which were either consistent or discrepant with each other). Bilingual experience ranged from no to equal exposure to and use of two languages. Both age and bilingual experience predicted accurate identification of prosody, particularly for trials where the semantics were discrepant with the targeted prosody. Bilingual experience, but not age, predicted a prosodic bias, meaning that participants had more difficulty ignoring the irrelevant discrepant prosody when the task was to identify the semantics of the word. The decline of a semantic bias was predicted by age and bilingual experience together. Our results suggest that previous findings on the bilingual advantage in prosody processing may in fact be driven by a prosodic bias.
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Jo, Jinyoung, Juyeon Cho, Sanghee J. Kim, and Sun-Ah Jun. "What prosody does when morphosyntax is absent: The case of Korean relative clauses." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 9, no. 1 (May 15, 2024): 5719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v9i1.5719.
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This study investigates the role of prosodic information in linguistic interpretation in the absence of an explicit linguistic marker to resolve ambiguity. We particularly focus on the impact of prosody on comprehension of restrictive relative clauses (RRC) and non-restrictive relative clauses (NRC) in Korean, a language that lacks morphosyntactic or orthographic markers that distinguish between RRC and NRC. We hypothesize that narrow focus prosody may be associated with RRC, while broad focus prosody with NRC, which we test in two experiments through a picture selection task (Experiment 1) and an audio selection task (Experiment 2). Results showed that Korean listeners associated narrow focus prosody more often with RRC-biased pictures than NRC-biased pictures, suggesting that prosodic information has an impact on the resolution of syntactic ambiguity in the absence of any explicit linguistic marker. Further investigation suggests that there is variation in the impact of prosody across individuals and their sensitivity to prosody seems to be affected differently depending on the type of task.
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Sanfelici, Emanuela, Caroline Féry, and Petra Schulz. "What verb-final and V2 have in common: evidence from the prosody of German restrictive relative clauses in adults and children." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 39, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2020-2011.
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AbstractTheoretical accounts agree that German restrictive relative clauses (RCs) are integrated at the level of syntax as well as at the level of prosody (Brandt1990; Gärtner1998, 2002; Endriss and Gärtner2005; Catasso and Hinterhölzl2016; Sanfelici et al.2017) in both the default verb-final and the marked verb-second variant (referred to as iV2). Both variants are assumed to show the same prosodic pattern, i. e., prosodic integration into the main clause, and not unintegrated prosody, which would signal a sequence of two main clauses. To date strong empirical evidence for this close correspondence between prosody and syntax in RCs is missing. Findings regarding prosodic integration of verb-final RCs are not consistent, and research regarding the prosody of iV2 structures is very scarce. Using a delayed sentence-repetition task, our study investigated whether subordination is signaled by prosody in RCs in both the verb-final and the V2 variant in adults (n=21). In addition, we asked whether young language learners (n=23), who at the age of 3 have just started to produce embedded clauses, are already sensitive to this mapping. The adult responses showed significantly more patterns of prosodic integration than of prosodic non-integration in the V-final and the iV2 structures, with no difference between the two conditions. Notably, the child responses mirrored this adult behavior, showing significantly more patterns of prosodic integration than of prosodic non-integration in both V-final and iV2 structures. The findings regarding adults’ prosodic realizations provide novel empirical evidence for the claim that iV2 structures, just like verb-final RCs, show prosodic integration. Moreover, our study strongly suggests that subordination is signaled by prosody already by age 3 in both verb-final and V2 variants of RCs.
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MARTÍNEZ-CASTILLA, PASTORA, VESNA STOJANOVIK, JANE SETTER, and MARÍA SOTILLO. "Prosodic abilities in Spanish and English children with Williams syndrome: A cross-linguistic study." Applied Psycholinguistics 33, no. 1 (August 4, 2011): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716411000385.
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ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to compare the prosodic profiles of English- and Spanish-speaking children with Williams syndrome (WS), examining cross-linguistic differences. Two groups of children with WS, English and Spanish, of similar chronological and nonverbal mental age, were compared on performance in expressive and receptive prosodic tasks from the Profiling Elements of Prosody in Speech–Communication Battery in its English or Spanish version. Differences between the English and Spanish WS groups were found regarding the understanding of affect through prosodic means, using prosody to make words more prominent, and imitating different prosodic patterns. Such differences between the two WS groups on function prosody tasks mirrored the cross-linguistic differences already reported in typically developing children.
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Popovic, Branislav, Dragan Knezevic, Milan Secujski, and Darko Pekar. "Automatic prosody generation in a text-to-speech system for Hebrew." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 27, no. 3 (2014): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1403467p.
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The paper presents the module for automatic prosody generation within a system for automatic synthesis of high-quality speech based on arbitrary text in Hebrew. The high quality of synthesis is due to the high accuracy of automatic prosody generation, enabling the introduction of elements of natural sentence prosody of Hebrew. Automatic morphological annotation of text is based on the application of an expert algorithm relying on transformational rules. Syntactic-prosodic parsing is also rule based, while the generation of the acoustic representation of prosodic features is based on classification and regression trees. A tree structure generated during the training phase enables accurate prediction of the acoustic representatives of prosody, namely, durations of phonetic segments as well as temporal evolution of fundamental frequency and energy. Such an approach to automatic prosody generation has lead to an improvement in the quality of synthesized speech, as confirmed by listening tests.
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Hauser, David J., and James Hillman. "What Does It Mean to Be “Utterly Content”? Semantic Prosody Impacts Nuanced Inferences Beyond Just Valence." Social Cognition 42, no. 1 (February 2024): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2024.42.1.61.
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Words have semantic prosody when they collocate with positive/negative concepts in natural language. Semantic prosody encourages positive/negative evaluations. However, it is unknown whether semantic prosody affects inferences of other attributes aside from positivity/negativity. Semantic prosody likely causes people to expect the valence of what comes next, and expectation violations occur when authors have ironic intent and when authors lack fluency with a language. Four studies investigated whether semantically prosodic expectations impact specific inferences about authors. Participants perceived a writer as having greater ironic intent when the writer used a sentence with a semantically prosodic word that mismatched with the valence of adjacent words (Studies 1, 3, and 4). Additionally, in line with English as foreign language pedagogy, the same manipulation caused participants to perceive a writer as being less fluent in English (Studies 2, 3, and 4). Thus, semantic prosody generates expectations that affect nuanced inferences.
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Pospechova, Zuzana. "Gendering prosody in communication." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 32, no. 1 (August 4, 2022): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.00087.pos.
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Abstract The study focuses on the prosody of Standard Chinese in communication in correlation with gender of speakers. In the field of Standard Chinese prosody is built on the research work done by Oldřich Švarný, who established the system of prosodic transcription and analysis. The connection with the gender of the speakers is completely new and unique. This article uses results of the analysis of SC language corpus transcribed by prosodic transcription and endeavour to find a connection between obtained results and gendered influences on prosodic (suprasegmental) level of language. Basic prosodic phenomena observed here are prosodic word syllable number, speech rate, syllable accentual prominence and the frequency of rhythmic sequence types. The results clearly show there is a connection between gender of the speaker and the prosodic realization of his/her speech.
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Irwin, Billy. "Prosodic Impairment Associated With Traumatic Brain Injury." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 19, no. 3 (October 2009): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld19.3.97.
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Abstract Purpose: This article discusses impaired prosody production subsequent to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prosody may affect naturalness and intelligibility of speech significantly, often for the long term, and TBI may result in a variety of impairments. Method: Intonation, rate, and stress production are discussed in terms of the perceptual, physiological, and acoustic characteristics associated with TBI. Results and Conclusions: All aspects of prosodic production are susceptible to the effects of damage resulting from TBI. There are commonly associated prosodic impairments; however, individual variations in specific aspects of prosody require detailed analysis.
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Myers, Brett, Miriam Lense, and Reyna Gordon. "Pushing the Envelope: Developments in Neural Entrainment to Speech and the Biological Underpinnings of Prosody Perception." Brain Sciences 9, no. 3 (March 22, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9030070.
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Prosodic cues in speech are indispensable for comprehending a speaker’s message, recognizing emphasis and emotion, parsing segmental units, and disambiguating syntactic structures. While it is commonly accepted that prosody provides a fundamental service to higher-level features of speech, the neural underpinnings of prosody processing are not clearly defined in the cognitive neuroscience literature. Many recent electrophysiological studies have examined speech comprehension by measuring neural entrainment to the speech amplitude envelope, using a variety of methods including phase-locking algorithms and stimulus reconstruction. Here we review recent evidence for neural tracking of the speech envelope and demonstrate the importance of prosodic contributions to the neural tracking of speech. Prosodic cues may offer a foundation for supporting neural synchronization to the speech envelope, which scaffolds linguistic processing. We argue that prosody has an inherent role in speech perception, and future research should fill the gap in our knowledge of how prosody contributes to speech envelope entrainment.
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Xia, Zhihua. "A Review of Research on the Chinese EFL Learners’ Production of Linguistic Prosody in Turn Organization." World Journal of Social Science Research 10, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): p104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v10n4p104.
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Prosody features play crucial roles in the management and organization of conversations, among which turn-taking plays crucial roles in conversation organization. The appropriate use of prosodic features is an indispensable part of conversation strategies or skills, but the interaction between linguistic prosody and turn-taking is difficult to be acquired for EFL learners. This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical studies of interrelation between prosody and turn-taking, and the EFL learners’ acquisition of prosody in conversation organization in order to supply references for future studies in the similar fields.
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Blasko, Dawn G., and Michael D. Hall. "Influence of Prosodic Boundaries on Comprehension of Spoken English Sentences." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 1 (August 1998): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.1.3.
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Three experiments investigated the role of prosody in the comprehension of auditory sentences. In Exp. 1 an analysis of three novice talkers and one expert talker verified the production parameters of one type of syntactic ambiguity and showed that pitch cues were more prominent than duration cues. In Exp. 2, 16 listeners used prosodic information to make consistent decisions reliably about phrase boundaries. In Exp. 3, 40 participants listened to sentences in which prosody was inconsistent with later morphosyntactic information, indicated their understanding, and then judged whether a visual target was related to the meaning of the sentence. Inconsistent prosody slowed comprehension and contributed to slower, less accurate judgments of sentence meaning. This suggests that prosodic information contributes to the perception of spoken language and can affect comprehension even when the syntactic structure indicated by prosody is contradicted by subsequent morphosyntactic information.
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Lekwilai, Panya. "“Read It Like You Mean It”: Developing Prosodic Reading Using Reader’s Theater." rEFLections 28, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.61508/refl.v28i1.249044.
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Prosody is a linguistic feature in spoken English that is complex yet plays an important role in oral communication. Nevertheless, many EFL pronunciation classes in Thailand have not adequately emphasized the importance and functions of prosody to learners. This research study aims to investigate effect of an oral fluency instructional method called Reader’s Theater on Thai EFL university students’ perception and production of the prosodic features of pausing and sentence final intonation. The participants of this study are 22 Thai university students majoring in English. The results revealed that the students’ perception of these prosodic features increased and that the production of prosody shows correlation with comprehensibility. These results also suggest that effective modelling of oral fluency as an input is crucial to the perception of learners, and ultimately that prosody should be implemented in pronunciation classes in the EFL curriculum.
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Ms.Zaithuna.K, Ms Rahiba lulu.M.K, Ms Fathima Fasna, and Abhishek Budiguppe Panchakshari. "AFFECTIVE PROSODY IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG NEURO-TYPICAL LISTENERS FOR MALAYALAM LANGUAGE." International Journal of Language, Linguistics, Literature, and Culture 03, no. 02 (2024): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.59009/ijlllc.2024.0063.
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Affective prosody would refer to the perception of the emotional state of a speaker based on the prosodic aspects of one’s speech. The affective prosody is often studied in individuals with right hemisphere damage or non-native speakers solely because the perception of affective prosody is localized to the right hemisphere and the non-native speakers are reliant on affective prosody as they are deprived of linguistic prosody. The current study was carried out with the aim of investigating if the affective prosody varies as a function of age. The study was carried out on two groups of non-native speakers of Malayalam of 8-12 years and 18-25 years respectively. Different sentence types were presented to these participants in auditory modality and the results showed that the performance of participants in the age range of 18-25 years performed better compared to individuals of the age-range 8-12 years showing that the development of affective prosody would show a developmental trend.
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Schirmer, Annett, and Sonja A. Kotz. "ERP Evidence for a Sex-Specific Stroop Effect in Emotional Speech." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15, no. 8 (November 1, 2003): 1135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892903322598102.
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The present study investigated the interaction of emotional prosody and word valence during emotional comprehension in men and women. In a prosody-word interference task, participants listened to positive, neutral, and negative words that were spoken with a happy, neutral, and angry prosody. Participants were asked to rate word valence while ignoring emotional prosody, or vice versa. Congruent stimuli were responded faster and more accurately as compared to incongruent emotional stimuli. This behavioral effect was more salient for the word valence task than for the prosodic task and was comparable between men and women. The event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed a smaller N400 amplitude for congruent as compared to emotionally incongruent stimuli. This ERP effect, however, was significant only for the word valence judgment and only for female listeners. The present data suggest that the word valence judgment was more difficult and more easily influenced by task-irrelevant emotional information than the prosodic task in both men and women. Furthermore, although emotional prosody and word valence may have a similar influence on an emotional judgment in both sexes, ERPs indicate sex differences in the underlying processing. Women, but not men, show an interaction between prosody and word valence during a semantic processing stage.
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Behrman, Alison. "Segmental and Prosodic Approaches to Accent Management." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 23, no. 4 (November 2014): 546–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_ajslp-13-0074.
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Purpose This study investigated the relative outcomes of segmental and prosodic training of nonnative speakers of American English. Method The study used a single-subject, alternating treatments, multiple baseline design with replication across participants and counterbalanced for order effect. Participants were 4 adult male native Hindi speakers proficient in English. Two participants received ABABCACA (A = baseline/withdrawal, B = segmental training, C = prosody training), and 2 participants received ACACBABA, with a minimum of 5 sessions per phase. Segmental accuracy and prosodic accuracy were probed at each session, as were perception of accentedness and ease of understanding. Results Visual assessment of data and effect size calculation demonstrated that segmental and prosody training resulted in increased accuracy of pronunciation and prosody patterns, respectively, and those improvements appeared to be maintained over the short term. Listeners perceived lesser accent and easier understanding as a result of the combination of segmental and prosody training. The findings are uncertain with respect to the relative contribution of segmental and prosody training, and they may be speaker dependent, but the data do suggest that both components are important. Conclusion Accent management, consisting of both segmental and prosody training, yielded positive outcomes. Further research with native language speakers of other languages is important to verify and expand on these findings.
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Freese, Jeremy, and Douglas W. Maynard. "Prosodic features of bad news and good news in conversation." Language in Society 27, no. 2 (April 1998): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500019850.
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ABSTRACTRecent work suggests the importance of integrating prosodic research with research on the sequential organization of ordinary conversation. This paper examines how interactants use prosody as a resource in the joint accomplishment of delivered news as good or bad. Analysis of approximately 100 naturally occurring conversational news deliveries reveals that both good and bad news are presented and received with characteristic prosodic features that are consistent with expression of joy and sorrow, respectively, as described in the existing literature on prosody. These prosodic features are systematically deployed in each of the four turns of the prototypical news delivery sequence. Proposals and ratifications of the valence of a delivery are often made prosodically in the initial turns of the prototypical four-turn news delivery, while lexical assessments of news are often made later. When prosody is used to propose the valence of an item of news, subsequent lexical assessments tend to be alignments with these earlier ascriptions of valence, rather than independent appraisals of the news. (Bad news, good news, conversation analysis, prosody, sequencing).
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Myrberg, Sara. "Sisterhood in prosodic branching." Phonology 30, no. 1 (May 2013): 73–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675713000043.
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This article discusses the syntax–prosody interface, drawing on evidence from Stockholm Swedish. It is shown that a Swedish main clause containing an embedded clause has three prosodic correlates, two of which are non-isomorphic to the syntactic bracketing. However, two coordinated clauses have only one – isomorphic – prosodic correlate. Optimality-theoretic constraints (Prince & Smolensky 1993) are used to derive this variation. A new markedness constraint, EqualSisters, is argued to be responsible for a preference for flat prosodic structures. This constraint requires that sister nodes in prosodic structure belong to the same prosodic category, and therefore sometimes conflicts with match constraints, which call for syntax–prosody correspondence (Selkirk 2009, 2011). When high-ranked, EqualSisters forces syntax–prosody non-isomorphism if the input syntactic structure contains embedding, whereas full isomorphism is predicted in coordinated structures. The previously suggested markedness constraints Non-recursivity and Exhaustivity (Selkirk 1996) cannot replace EqualSisters, and in the present account are rendered redundant.
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ZHOU, PENG, YI (ESTHER) SU, STEPHEN CRAIN, LIQUN GAO, and LIKAN ZHAN. "Children's use of phonological information in ambiguity resolution: a view from Mandarin Chinese." Journal of Child Language 39, no. 4 (September 14, 2011): 687–730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000911000249.
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ABSTRACTHow do children develop the mapping between prosody and other levels of linguistic knowledge? This question has received considerable attention in child language research. In the present study two experiments were conducted to investigate four- to five-year-old Mandarin-speaking children's sensitivity to prosody in ambiguity resolution. Experiment 1 used eye-tracking to assess children's use of stress in resolving structural ambiguities. Experiment 2 took advantage of special properties of Mandarin to investigate whether children can use intonational cues to resolve ambiguities involving speech acts. The results of our experiments show that children's use of prosodic information in ambiguity resolution varies depending on the type of ambiguity involved. Children can use prosodic information more effectively to resolve speech act ambiguities than to resolve structural ambiguities. This finding suggests that the mapping between prosody and semantics/pragmatics in young children is better established than the mapping between prosody and syntax.
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Huhtamäki, Martina, Jan Lindström, and Anne-Marie Londen. "Other-repetition sequences in Finland Swedish: Prosody, grammar, and context in action ascription." Language in Society 49, no. 4 (March 11, 2020): 653–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404520000056.
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AbstractThis study examines other-repetitions in Finland Swedish talk-in-interaction: their sequential trajectories, prosodic design, and lexicogrammatical features. The key objective is to explore how prosody can contribute to the action conveyed by a repetition turn, that is, whether it deals with a problem of hearing or understanding, a problem of expectation, or just registers receipt of information. The analysis shows that large and upgraded prosodic features (higher onset, wider pitch span than the previous turn) co-occur with repair- and expectation-oriented repetitions, whereas small, downgraded prosody (lower onset, narrower pitch span than the previous turn) is characteristic of registering. However, the distinguishing strength of prosody is mostly gradient (rather than discrete), and because of this, other concomitant cues, most notably the speakers’ epistemic positions in relation to the repeated item, are also of importance for ascribing a certain pragmatic function to a repetition. (Repetition, other-repetition, action ascription, prosody in conversation, repair, epistemics, conversation analysis, interactional linguistics, Finland Swedish)*
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Shaheen, Elham A., Sahar S. Shohdi, Nader N. Ahmed, and Heba Ashour. "Prosodic assessment in Egyptian children with specific language impairment." Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology 28, no. 1 (January 2012): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7123/01.ejo.0000411076.60229.ab.
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EnAbstract Background Prosody is the aspect of language that conveys emotion by changes in tone, rhythm, and emphasis during speech. Prosody includes aspects such as intonation and tone of voice. Specific language impairment (SLI) is a developmental disorder in which language development is below the chronological age despite normal nonverbal intelligence and no obvious neurological or physiological impairments or emotional and/or social difficulties that could impact language use. Most of these children experience considerable difficulty in language comprehension and/or production and experience specific problems in learning syntactic rules. In the speech stream, boundaries of major syntactic constituents are reliably marked by prosodic cues. Although deficits in related aspects of prosody have been hypothesized to underlie SLI, prosody has been little studied in Egyptian children having SLIs. Objective The objective of this work was to assess prosody in Egyptian children with an SLI in order to correlate the results with the clinical profile of the patients so as to choose the proper rehabilitation training program. Participants and method This study included 30 Egyptian children with SLIs and 30 normal children as a control group; their ages ranged between 4 and 6 years. Assessment included language assessment using the Arabic language test and prosodic assessment using the protocol of prosodic assessment, which was especially designed to assess prosodic abilities in Arabic-speaking children. Results Results revealed a significant difference in most of the individual and total subjective scores of prosodic skills between the control group and children with SLIs. Although the difference in the average of the total objective scores of prosodic assessment, which included pitch and energy, was highly significant, the average of total sentence duration was insignificant. There was significant correlation between the total language age and all subjective scores and an insignificant correlation with the total objective scores of prosodic assessment skills in SLI children. Conclusion SLI children have defective receptive, expressive, subjective, and objective scores of prosodic assessment skills that should be considered during the rehabilitation program for language stimulation for these children.
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Ward, Nigel G., and Paola Gallardo. "Non-Native Differences in Prosodic-Construction Use." Dialogue & Discourse 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2017): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5087/dad.2017.101.
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Many language learners never acquire truly native-sounding prosody. Previous work has suggested that this involves skill deficits in the dialog-related uses of prosody, and may be attributable to weaknesses with specific prosodic constructions. Using semi-automated methods, we identified 32 of the most common prosodic constructions in English dialog. Examining 90 minutes of six advanced native-Spanish learners conversing in English, there were differences, notably regarding swift turn-taking, alignment, and empathy, but overall their uses of prosodic constructions were largely similar to those of native speakers.
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Schmidt, Elaine, Ana Pérez, Luca Cilibrasi, and Ianthi Tsimpli. "PROSODY FACILITATES MEMORY RECALL IN L1 BUT NOT IN L2 IN HIGHLY PROFICIENT LISTENERS." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 42, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263119000433.
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AbstractProsody is crucial for language comprehension because it highlights underlying structures. This study explores whether prosody facilitates memory recall to the same extent in L1 and L2, and whether memory recall is poorer in L2 or whether language-specific differences can mitigate L2 processing difficulties. Nineteen Greek learners of English, and a monolingual English baseline, repeated three-digit chunks with and without prosodic cues in L1 and L2. Prosody was a major facilitator of memory recall only in L1 despite the high proficiency of learners. This indicates that L2 mastery of prosody perception is hard to attain, mirroring production studies. However, when prosodic boundary cues were absent, memory recall in L2 was comparable to L1. This demonstrates that language-specific differences can attenuate more general processing difficulties in L2. This study is the first to demonstrate differences in prosodic processing in L1 and L2 resulting in poorer memory recall in L2.
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Holbrook, Sarai, and Megan Israelsen. "Speech Prosody Interventions for Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29, no. 4 (November 12, 2020): 2189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00127.
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Purpose Persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may demonstrate abnormal prosodic patterns in conversational speech, which can negatively affect social interactions. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify interventions measuring the improvement of expressive speech prosody in persons with ASD in order to support clinician's evidence-based decision making. Method We used 13 electronic databases to search for relevant articles using terms related to autism, intervention, and speech prosody. The databases identified a total of nine articles for the title, abstract, and full-text reviews. Five more articles were included after performing descendant and reference searches. One peer-reviewed article was excluded due to insufficient data received from the authors. We coded the resulting 13 articles for report, setting, intervention, outcome, and results characteristics and methodological quality. Results Results showed that interventions specifically targeting speech prosody using established and emerging evidence-based practices across more than 1 treatment day resulted in moderate to large improvements in speech prosody in persons with ASD. Interventions that indirectly targeted prosody or were very short resulted in small or nonsignificant effects. Discussion The results of this literature review suggest that interventions that directly target speech prosody using established evidence-based practices for ASD may be most effective for increasing typical prosodic patterns during speech for persons with ASD. Further research is needed to establish which interventions are most effective for each age range and context. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12735926
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Fleming, Justin T., Harley J. Wheeler, and Matthew B. Winn. "Visual cues influence prosody perception among individuals with cochlear implants." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (March 1, 2024): A37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0026713.
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Understanding a talker’s intention conveyed through prosody is essential for successful speech communication. Although visual speech cues are typically characterized by lip movements, there are also visual gestures including head tilts and eyebrow raises that signal prosody. Listeners with cochlear implants (CIs) may rely on these visual cues to solidify their prosody perception and guard against misinterpretations, particularly because of their poor perception of voice pitch. This study used audio-visual recordings of sentences in which a talker sometimes focused one word to signify a change in meaning. After characterizing acoustic and visual prosody cues in this stimulus set, we made prosodically mismatched variants of the stimuli by transplanting prosodically focused audio onto broad focus (i.e., prosodically unfocused) video, and vice versa. Visual influences on prosody perception were measured using acoustic analysis of participant reproductions in a vocal mimicry task. Results show reproduction of F0 contour—a key acoustic marker of prosodic focus—is influenced by perception of visual prosody cues. Specifically, visual cues indicating a focused word led to higher peak F0 in vocal reproductions of that word in the sentence. These results underscore the importance of multisensory information in supporting prosody perception for listeners with hearing loss.
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Yu, Luodi, Jiajing Zeng, Suiping Wang, and Yang Zhang. "Phonetic Encoding Contributes to the Processing of Linguistic Prosody at the Word Level: Cross-Linguistic Evidence From Event-Related Potentials." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): 4791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00037.
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Purpose: This study aimed to examine whether abstract knowledge of word-level linguistic prosody is independent of or integrated with phonetic knowledge. Method: Event-related potential (ERP) responses were measured from 18 adult listeners while they listened to native and nonnative word-level prosody in speech and in nonspeech. The prosodic phonology (speech) conditions included disyllabic pseudowords spoken in Chinese and in English matched for syllabic structure, duration, and intensity. The prosodic acoustic (nonspeech) conditions were hummed versions of the speech stimuli, which eliminated the phonetic content while preserving the acoustic prosodic features. Results: We observed language-specific effects on the ERP that native stimuli elicited larger late negative response (LNR) amplitude than nonnative stimuli in the prosodic phonology conditions. However, no such effect was observed in the phoneme-free prosodic acoustic control conditions. Conclusions: The results support the integration view that word-level linguistic prosody likely relies on the phonetic content where the acoustic cues embedded in. It remains to be examined whether the LNR may serve as a neural signature for language-specific processing of prosodic phonology beyond auditory processing of the critical acoustic cues at the suprasyllabic level.
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Dahmen, Silvia, Martine Grice, and Simon Roessig. "Prosodic and Segmental Aspects of Pronunciation Training and Their Effects on L2." Languages 8, no. 1 (March 6, 2023): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8010074.
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Some studies on training effects of pronunciation instruction have claimed that the training of prosodic features has effects at the segmental level and that the training of segmental features has effects at the prosodic level, with greater effects reported when prosody is the main focus of training. This paper revisits this claim by looking at the effects of pronunciation training on Italian learners of German. In a pre-post-test design, we investigate acoustic changes after training in learners’ productions of two features regarded as prosodic and two features regarded as segmental. The prosodic features were the pitch excursion of final rises in yes–no questions and the reduction in schwa epenthesis in word-final closed syllables. The segmental features were final devoicing and voice onset time (VOT) in plosives. We discuss the results for three groups (with segmental training, with prosody training, and with no pronunciation training). Our results indicate that there are positive effects of prosody-oriented training on the production of segments, especially when training focuses on syllable structure and prosodic prominence (stress and accent). They also indicate that teaching segmental and prosodic aspects of pronunciation together is beneficial.
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Martens, Heidi, Gwen Van Nuffelen, Patrick Cras, Barbara Pickut, Miet De Letter, and Marc De Bodt. "Assessment of Prosodic Communicative Efficiency in Parkinson's Disease As Judged by Professional Listeners." Parkinson's Disease 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/129310.
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This study examines the impact of Parkinson's disease (PD) on communicative efficiency conveyed through prosody. A new assessment method for evaluating productive prosodic skills in Dutch speaking dysarthric patients was devised and tested on 36 individuals (18 controls, 18 PD patients). Three professional listeners judged the intended meanings in four communicative functions of Dutch prosody: Boundary Marking, Focus, Sentence Typing, and Emotional Prosody. Each function was tested through reading and imitation. Interrater agreement was calculated. Results indicated that healthy speakers, compared to PD patients, performed significantly better on imitation of Boundary Marking, Focus, and Sentence Typing. PD patients with a moderate or severe dysarthria performed significantly worse on imitation of Focus than on reading of Focus. No significant differences were found for Emotional Prosody. Judges agreed well on all tasks except Emotional Prosody. Future research will focus on elaborating the assessment and on developing a therapy programme paralleling the assessment.
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Vergis, Nikos, and Marc D. Pell. "Factors in the perception of speaker politeness: the effect of linguistic structure, imposition and prosody." Journal of Politeness Research 16, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 45–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pr-2017-0008.
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AbstractAlthough linguistic politeness has been studied and theorized about extensively, the role of prosody in the perception of (im)polite attitudes has been somewhat neglected. In the present study, we used experimental methods to investigate the interaction of linguistic form, imposition, and prosody in the perception of (im)polite requests. A written task established a baseline for the level of politeness associated with certain linguistic structures. Then stimuli were recorded in polite and rude prosodic conditions and in a perceptual experiment they were judged for politeness. Results revealed that, although both linguistic structure and prosody had a significant effect on politeness ratings, the effect of prosody was much more robust. In fact, rude prosody led in some cases to the neutralization of (extra)linguistic distinctions. The important contribution of prosody to (im)politeness inferences was also revealed by a comparison of the written and auditory tasks. These findings have important implications for models of (im)politeness and more generally for theories of affective speech. Implications for the generation of Particularized Conversational Implicatures (PCIs) of (im)politeness are also discussed.
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Pavlova, Anna. "„Geh ruhig“: Die Rolle der Prosodie bei der Auflösung von Ambiguitäten." Lebende Sprachen 66, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2021-0001.
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Abstract Vocal pitch (also known as F0), pause and positioning of the sentence accent are closely related to the meaning of a statement. Although other elements of prosody can also be related to the meaning of the statement (e. g. timbre, speaking rate), in this paper only the three mentioned elements of prosody are considered in connection with the semantic interpretation. These three parameters are analyzed here individually or in connection with the meaning of potentially ambiguous statements in writing. In this way, the role of prosody in resolving ambiguities in written formulations is demonstrated, ambiguities that may lead to incorrect translations. The approach used for this research is „Analysis-by-introspection.” For better illustration of the differences in the meaning depending on the prosody, the translation method is used. Some translations come from the author of this paper; other translations are taken from some published books. For one or the other prosodic contour, semantic explanations are formulated. It is shown that prosodic topics play a major role in courses for foreign language learning, translation lessons and post-editing.
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Ahrens, Barbara. "Prosodic phenomena in simultaneous interpreting." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2005): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.7.1.04ahr.
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This paper reports on an empirical study on prosody in English-German simultaneous interpreting. It discusses prosody with particular reference to its tonal, durational and dynamic features, such as intonation, pauses, rhythm and accent, as well as its main functions, i.e. structure and prominence. Following a review of previous studies on the topic, a conceptual approach for the analysis of prosody in terms of structure and prominence is developed and subsequently applied to an authentic corpus of professional simultaneous interpretation consisting of three German versions of a 72-minute English source text. Prosodic patterns in the corpus are analyzed by means of a computer-aided method using the software PRAAT. The findings confirm that prosodic features are interdependent and that those in the target texts show certain characteristics that are specific to simultaneous interpreting.
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Martzoukou, Maria, and Despina Papadopoulou. "Syntax-prosody mapping of Greek subject/object ambiguous clauses." Journal of Greek Linguistics 20, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 61–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-02001002.
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Abstract The aim of the present study is threefold: (a) to explore whether Greek adults, who are non-trained speakers and naïve to the purpose of the study, use distinguishable prosodic cues, while producing subject/object ambiguous sentences, (b) to examine whether the same participants use prosody as an important informative cue, morphosyntax aside, in order to decode such ambiguities and (c) to investigate the linking between comprehension and production and more specifically whether prosodic cues are employed by speakers in production to the same extent as they are by listeners in comprehension. For this purpose a production and an on-line comprehension task were conducted. Results revealed that prosodic cues were used to denote the subject or the object condition, but they were not consistently employed in order for the two to be differentiated. The prosodic patterns which were employed also allowed us to examine the predictions made by three psycholinguistic syntax-prosody mappings. The on-line comprehension task demonstrated that listeners were always sensitive to prosody, even though a preference for the object condition was revealed.
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Liwo, Helena. "Prosody expression in prelingually- and postlingually- implanted deaf adults." Educational Role of Language Journal 2023-2, no. 10 (February 6, 2024): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36534/erlj.2023.02.11.
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Speech prosody - its melody, accent, and quantity - plays a significant role in language communication, including the expression of emotions. Limited prosodic skills in individuals with profound hearing disabilities affect their communicative functioning. Modern hearing prostheses, such as cochlear implants, enable deaf people to develop and utilize auditory and oral language abilities, although not always prosodic ones. The presented results of our own research indicate the importance of the period of hearing loss and the duration of implant use for prosodic effectiveness in cochlear implant users. They also emphasize the need for rehabilitation activities that focus on early prosodic stimulation in prelingually deaf children and prosodic training in prelingually deaf adults. / Keywords: speech prosody, prelingual and postlingual deafness, cochlear implant
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Lopes, João, Maria Madalena Silva, Louise Spear-Swerling, and Jamie Zibulski. "Prosody Growth and Reading Comprehension: A Longitudinal Study from 2nd Through the End of 3er Grade // Evolução da prosódia e compreensão da leitura: Um estudo longitudinal do 2º ano ao final do 3º ano de escolaridade." Revista de Psicodidactica / Journal of Psychodidactics 20, no. 1 (November 23, 2014): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/revpsicodidact.11196.
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Prosody is an important but not fully understood component of reading. In this longitudinal study with a sample of 98 Portuguese elementary school children, a multilevel growth model with four repeated measures over time showed steady progress in participants’ reading prosody from the middle of 2nd to the end of 3rd grade. However, children’s growth in this area varied across time points. Results also showed that individual differences in prosody’s scores at baseline affect the performance of most but not of all students. Simple linear regressions showed that the prosody dimension “phrasing/expression” significantly predicted reading comprehension at all time points. Partial correlation analysis showed that when reading rate was accounted for, the unique contribution of prosody to reading comprehension was marginal, except at the third measurement.
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FILIPE, MARISA G., SUE PEPPÉ, SÓNIA FROTA, and SELENE G. VICENTE. "Prosodic development in European Portuguese from childhood to adulthood." Applied Psycholinguistics 38, no. 5 (March 2, 2017): 1045–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716417000030.
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ABSTRACTWe describe the European Portuguese version of a test of prosodic abilities originally developed for English: the Profiling Elements of Prosody in Speech-Communication (Peppé & McCann, 2003). Using this test, we examined the development of several components of European Portuguese prosody between 5 and 20 years of age (N = 131). Results showed prosodic performance improving with age: 5-year-olds reach adultlike performance in the affective prosodic tasks; 7-year-olds mastered the ability to discriminate and produce short prosodic items, as well as the ability to understand question versus declarative intonation; 8-year-olds mastered the ability to discriminate long prosodic items; 9-year-olds mastered the ability to produce question versus declarative intonation, as well as the ability to identify focus; 10- to 11-year-olds mastered the ability to produce long prosodic items; 14- to 15-year-olds mastered the ability to comprehend and produce syntactically ambiguous utterances disambiguated by prosody; and 18- to 20-year-olds mastered the ability to produce focus. Cross-linguistic comparisons showed that linguistic form–meaning relations do not necessarily develop at the same pace across languages. Some prosodic contrasts are hard to achieve for younger Portuguese-speaking children, namely, the production of chunking and focus.
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Corrales-Astorgano, Mario, Pastora Martínez-Castilla, David Escudero-Mancebo, Lourdes Aguilar, César González-Ferreras, and Valentín Cardeñoso-Payo. "Automatic Assessment of Prosodic Quality in Down Syndrome: Analysis of the Impact of Speaker Heterogeneity." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (April 5, 2019): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071440.
Full textAbstract:
Prosody is a fundamental speech element responsible for communicative functions such as intonation, accent and phrasing, and prosodic impairments of individuals with intellectual disabilities reduce their communication skills. Yet, technological resources have paid little attention to prosody. This study aims to develop an automatic classifier to predict the prosodic quality of utterances produced by individuals with Down syndrome, and to analyse how inter-individual heterogeneity affects assessment results. A therapist and an expert in prosody judged the prosodic appropriateness of a corpus of Down syndrome’ utterances collected through a video game. The judgments of the expert were used to train an automatic classifier that predicts prosodic quality by using a set of fundamental frequency, duration and intensity features. The classifier accuracy was 79.3% and its true positive rate 89.9%. We analyzed how informative each of the features was for the assessment and studied relationships between participants’ developmental level and results: interspeaker variability conditioned the relative weight of prosodic features for automatic classification and participants’ developmental level was related to the prosodic quality of their productions. Therefore, since speaker variability is an intrinsic feature of individuals with Down syndrome, it should be considered to attain an effective automatic prosodic assessment system.
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Durfee, Alexandra Zezinka, Shannon M. Sheppard, Erin L. Meier, Lisa Bunker, Erjia Cui, Ciprian Crainiceanu, and Argye E. Hillis. "Explicit Training to Improve Affective Prosody Recognition in Adults with Acute Right Hemisphere Stroke." Brain Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050667.
Full textAbstract:
Difficulty recognizing affective prosody (receptive aprosodia) can occur following right hemisphere damage (RHD). Not all individuals spontaneously recover their ability to recognize affective prosody, warranting behavioral intervention. However, there is a dearth of evidence-based receptive aprosodia treatment research in this clinical population. The purpose of the current study was to investigate an explicit training protocol targeting affective prosody recognition in adults with RHD and receptive aprosodia. Eighteen adults with receptive aprosodia due to acute RHD completed affective prosody recognition before and after a short training session that targeted proposed underlying perceptual and conceptual processes. Behavioral impairment and lesion characteristics were investigated as possible influences on training effectiveness. Affective prosody recognition improved following training, and recognition accuracy was higher for pseudo- vs. real-word sentences. Perceptual deficits were associated with the most posterior infarcts, conceptual deficits were associated with frontal infarcts, and a combination of perceptual-conceptual deficits were related to temporoparietal and subcortical infarcts. Several right hemisphere ventral stream regions and pathways along with frontal and parietal hypoperfusion predicted training effectiveness. Explicit acoustic-prosodic-emotion training improves affective prosody recognition, but it may not be appropriate for everyone. Factors such as linguistic context and lesion location should be considered when planning prosody training.
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Zhang, Minyue, Hui Zhang, Enze Tang, Hongwei Ding, and Yang Zhang. "Evaluating the Relative Perceptual Salience of Linguistic and Emotional Prosody in Quiet and Noisy Contexts." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 10 (September 26, 2023): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13100800.
Full textAbstract:
How people recognize linguistic and emotional prosody in different listening conditions is essential for understanding the complex interplay between social context, cognition, and communication. The perception of both lexical tones and emotional prosody depends on prosodic features including pitch, intensity, duration, and voice quality. However, it is unclear which aspect of prosody is perceptually more salient and resistant to noise. This study aimed to investigate the relative perceptual salience of emotional prosody and lexical tone recognition in quiet and in the presence of multi-talker babble noise. Forty young adults randomly sampled from a pool of native Mandarin Chinese with normal hearing listened to monosyllables either with or without background babble noise and completed two identification tasks, one for emotion recognition and the other for lexical tone recognition. Accuracy and speed were recorded and analyzed using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Compared with emotional prosody, lexical tones were more perceptually salient in multi-talker babble noise. Native Mandarin Chinese participants identified lexical tones more accurately and quickly than vocal emotions at the same signal-to-noise ratio. Acoustic and cognitive dissimilarities between linguistic prosody and emotional prosody may have led to the phenomenon, which calls for further explorations into the underlying psychobiological and neurophysiological mechanisms.
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Misiewicz, Sylwia, Adam M. Brickman, and Giuseppe Tosto. "Prosodic Impairment in Dementia: Review of the Literature." Current Alzheimer Research 15, no. 2 (January 3, 2018): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205014666171030115624.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Prosody, an important aspect of spoken language, is defined as the emphasis placed on certain syllables, changes in tempo or timing, and variance in pitch and intonation. Most studies investigating expression and comprehension of prosody have focused primarily on emotional prosody and less extensively on supralexical prosody. The distinction is indeed important, as the latter conveys information such as interrogative or assertive mode, whereas the former delivers emotional connotation, such as happiness, anger, and sadness. These functions appear to rely on distinct neuronal networks, supported by functional neuroimaging studies that show activation of the right hemisphere, specifically in the right inferior frontal area during emotional detection. Conclusion: This review summarizes the studies conducted on prosody impairment in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, with emphasis on experiments designed to investigate the emotional vs. the supralexical aspect of speech production. We also discussed the available tools validated to test and quantify the prosodic impairment.
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Shiamizadeh, Zohreh, Johanneke Caspers, and Niels O. Schiller. "Do Persian Native Speakers Prosodically Mark Wh-in-situ Questions?" Language and Speech 62, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 229–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830917753237.
Full textAbstract:
It has been shown that prosody contributes to the contrast between declarativity and interrogativity, notably in interrogative utterances lacking lexico-syntactic features of interrogativity. Accordingly, it may be proposed that prosody plays a role in marking wh-in-situ questions in which the interrogativity feature (the wh-phrase) does not move to sentence-initial position, as, for example, in Persian. This paper examines whether prosody distinguishes Persian wh-in-situ questions from declaratives in the absence of the interrogativity feature in the sentence-initial position. To answer this question, a production experiment was designed in which wh-questions and declaratives were elicited from Persian native speakers. On the basis of the results of previous studies, we hypothesize that prosodic features mark wh-in-situ questions as opposed to declaratives at both the local (pre- and post-wh part) and global level (complete sentence). The results of the current study confirm our hypothesis that prosodic correlates mark the pre-wh part as well as the complete sentence in wh-in-situ questions. The results support theoretical concepts such as the frequency code, the universal dichotomous association between relaxation and declarativity on the one hand and tension and interrogativity on the other, the relation between prosody and pragmatics, and the relation between prosody and encoding and decoding of sentence type.