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Ammendola, Giulia <1985>. "Prospettive sulle Emozioni e Analisi Neurolinguistica della Prosodia Emotiva." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2294.
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Per molti secoli è stata tramandata l’idea che le emozioni fossero un aspetto bestiale dell’essere umano che andava dominato perché in contrasto con la sua parte razionale. Solo a partire dalla pubblicazione di The Expression of the Emotions in Animals and Men (1872), di Darwin, l’emozione ha riconquistato una dignità, ricavandosi uno spazio proprio di indagine all’interno del vasto panorama di ricerche scientifiche. Da quel momento, l’emozione è diventata uno dei fenomeni più interessanti e controversi per la scienza. Sebbene, infatti, negli anni si sono accumulati moltissimi studi sulla natura, il ruolo ed il funzionamento delle emozioni, non siamo ancora arrivati ad una definizione completa del termine ‘emozione’.
Questa impossibilità deriva dal fatto che le emozioni sono fenomeni complessi e multicompositi. Una delle maggiori difficoltà della scienza nei confronti delle emozioni è, infatti, quella di riuscire a descrivere attraverso i rigidi strumenti scientifici un fenomeno dai contorni sfumati. Per questo, negli anni, le ricerche hanno finito per concentrarsi su singoli o pochi aspetti di questo fenomeno, nel tentativo di arrivare ad una spiegazione globale e definitiva. Questa ricerca si apre con un’analisi degli aspetti problematici legati allo studio delle emozioni (storici, linguistici, metodologici e deontologici). Si è passati poi alla descrizione delle teorie più rilevanti in campo neurofisiologico, neuropsicologico e psicologico, con il tentativo di delineare attraverso una prospettiva storica il percorso che ha portato alle conoscenze attuali su questo processo. Un capitolo a parte è dedicato alle ultime ricerche sulla neurofisiologia delle emozioni. Diversamente dai primi studi, che ritenevano l’emozione un processo unitario e riconducibile ad un sostrato neurale unico, un ‘cervello emotivo’, i risultati delle ultime ricerche hanno evidenziato che l’emozione è piuttosto un fenomeno multicomposito che coinvolge non una ma molte strutture cerebrali, sia sottocorticali sia corticali, connesse tra di loro. Infine, l’ultimo capitolo è focalizzato su un aspetto particolare degli studi neurofisiologici, relativo alla prosodia emotiva. Questi studi, relativamente recenti, stanno cercando di capire le connessioni neurali e l’eventuale specializzazione emisferica che è possibile riconoscere nella prosodia emotiva. Poiché alla prosodia emotiva è stata data meno attenzione rispetto ad altri aspetti dell’emozione, si crede che un’attenzione posta su questi studi sia essenziale per contribuire allo scopo più generale di queste ricerche: rispondere alla famosa domanda di James: “Cos’è un’emozione?”.
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ANZUINO, ISABELLA. "COMPROMISSIONE DELL'ELABORAZIONE EMOZIONALE NELLA MALATTIA DI PARKINSON: PRODUZIONE E RICONOSCIMENTO DELLE EMOZIONI TRASMESSE DAL VOLTO E DALLA VOCE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/112847.
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La classica descrizione della Malattia di Parkinson (MP) come caratterizzata esclusivamente da sintomi motori è stata superata perché i pazienti sperimentano frequentemente, tra gli altri, anche disturbi dell'elaborazione emozionale che portano a difficoltà nell’esprimere e nel riconoscere le emozioni altrui dalla prosodia e dall'espressione facciale.
Nella presente tesi è stato indagato, a livello comportamentale, se la MP può indurre modificazioni nella produzione e nel riconoscimento delle emozioni trasmesse dal volto e dalla voce. A livello neurostrutturale, sono state esplorate le alterazioni della materia grigia in una sottopopolazione di pazienti con MP, testando se le prestazioni ottenute nei vari compiti ideati per studiare l'elaborazione emozionale siano associate a indici di integrità strutturale.
Nel complesso, le evidenze raccolte in questa tesi confermano che la MP è caratterizzata da un deficit nella produzione e nel riconoscimento delle espressioni facciali e vocali fin dall'esordio della malattia, che potrebbe essere spiegato non solo dal coinvolgimento funzionale delle vie dopaminergiche e dei gangli della base in questi processi, ma anche dal reclutamento di un più ampio network cerebrale sottostante l'elaborazione emozionale.The original description characterizing Parkinson’s Disease (PD) by motor symptoms has been updated because patients also frequently experience, among others, emotional‐processing impairments leading to difficulty in expressing and recognizing others’ emotions from prosody and facial expression. In the current thesis, it was investigated, at the behavioural level, if PD could induce modifications in the production and recognition of emotions conveyed by face and voice. At the neurostructural level, grey matter alterations in PD subgroup were explored, testing if the performance obtained in the various tasks devised to study the emotional processing is associated with indices of grey matter integrity in PD. Taken together, the evidence collected in this thesis confirms that PD is characterized by a deficit in the production and recognition of facial and vocal expressions from disease onset, which could be explained not only by the functional involvement of the dopaminergic pathways and basal ganglia in these processes, but also by the engagement of a more extensive network underlying emotional processing.
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Haszko, Sarah Elisabeth. "Emotion & prosody examining infants' ability to match subtle prosodic variation with corresponding facial expressions /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8907.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Hearing and Speech Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Iliev, Alexander Iliev. "Emotion Recognition Using Glottal and Prosodic Features." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/515.
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Emotion conveys the psychological state of a person. It is expressed by a variety of physiological changes, such as changes in blood pressure, heart beat rate, degree of sweating, and can be manifested in shaking, changes in skin coloration, facial expression, and the acoustics of speech. This research focuses on the recognition of emotion conveyed in speech. There were three main objectives of this study. One was to examine the role played by the glottal source signal in the expression of emotional speech. The second was to investigate whether it can provide improved robustness in real-world situations and in noisy environments. This was achieved through testing in clear and various noisy conditions. Finally, the performance of glottal features was compared to diverse existing and newly introduced emotional feature domains. A novel glottal symmetry feature is proposed and automatically extracted from speech. The effectiveness of several inverse filtering methods in extracting the glottal signal from speech has been examined. Other than the glottal symmetry, two additional feature classes were tested for emotion recognition domains. They are the: Tonal and Break Indices (ToBI) of American English intonation, and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) of the glottal signal. Three corpora were specifically designed for the task. The first two investigated the four emotions: Happy, Angry, Sad, and Neutral, and the third added Fear and Surprise in a six emotions recognition task. This work shows that the glottal signal carries valuable emotional information and using it for emotion recognition has many advantages over other conventional methods. For clean speech, in a four emotion recognition task using classical prosodic features achieved 89.67% recognition, ToBI combined with classical features, reached 84.75% recognition, while using glottal symmetry alone achieved 98.74%. For a six emotions task these three methods achieved 79.62%, 90.39% and 85.37% recognition rates, respectively. Using the glottal signal also provided greater classifier robustness under noisy conditions and distortion caused by low pass filtering. Specifically, for additive white Gaussian noise at SNR = 10 dB in the six emotion task the classical features and the classical with ToBI both failed to provide successful results; speech MFCC's achieved a recognition rate of 41.43% and glottal symmetry reached 59.29%. This work has shown that the glottal signal, and the glottal symmetry in particular, provides high class separation for both the four and six emotion cases. It is confidently surpassing the performance of all other features included in this investigation in noisy speech conditions and in most clean signal conditions.
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Väyrynen, E. (Eero). "Emotion recognition from speech using prosodic features." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526204048.
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Abstract Emotion recognition, a key step of affective computing, is the process of decoding an embedded emotional message from human communication signals, e.g. visual, audio, and/or other physiological cues. It is well-known that speech is the main channel for human communication and thus vital in the signalling of emotion and semantic cues for the correct interpretation of contexts. In the verbal channel, the emotional content is largely conveyed as constant paralinguistic information signals, from which prosody is the most important component. The lack of evaluation of affect and emotional states in human machine interaction is, however, currently limiting the potential behaviour and user experience of technological devices. In this thesis, speech prosody and related acoustic features of speech are used for the recognition of emotion from spoken Finnish. More specifically, methods for emotion recognition from speech relying on long-term global prosodic parameters are developed. An information fusion method is developed for short segment emotion recognition using local prosodic features and vocal source features. A framework for emotional speech data visualisation is presented for prosodic features. Emotion recognition in Finnish comparable to the human reference is demonstrated using a small set of basic emotional categories (neutral, sad, happy, and angry). A recognition rate for Finnish was found comparable with those reported in the western language groups. Increased emotion recognition is shown for short segment emotion recognition using fusion techniques. Visualisation of emotional data congruent with the dimensional models of emotion is demonstrated utilising supervised nonlinear manifold modelling techniques. The low dimensional visualisation of emotion is shown to retain the topological structure of the emotional categories, as well as the emotional intensity of speech samples. The thesis provides pattern recognition methods and technology for the recognition of emotion from speech using long speech samples, as well as short stressed words. The framework for the visualisation and classification of emotional speech data developed here can also be used to represent speech data from other semantic viewpoints by using alternative semantic labellings if availableTiivistelmä Emootiontunnistus on affektiivisen laskennan keskeinen osa-alue. Siinä pyritään ihmisen kommunikaatioon sisältyvien emotionaalisten viestien selvittämiseen, esim. visuaalisten, auditiivisten ja/tai fysiologisten vihjeiden avulla. Puhe on ihmisten tärkein tapa kommunikoida ja on siten ensiarvoisen tärkeässä roolissa viestinnän oikean semanttisen ja emotionaalisen tulkinnan kannalta. Emotionaalinen tieto välittyy puheessa paljolti jatkuvana paralingvistisenä viestintänä, jonka tärkein komponentti on prosodia. Tämän affektiivisen ja emotionaalisen tulkinnan vajaavaisuus ihminen-kone – interaktioissa rajoittaa kuitenkin vielä nykyisellään teknologisten laitteiden toimintaa ja niiden käyttökokemusta. Tässä väitöstyössä on käytetty puheen prosodisia ja akustisia piirteitä puhutun suomen emotionaalisen sisällön tunnistamiseksi. Työssä on kehitetty pitkien puhenäytteiden prosodisiin piirteisiin perustuvia emootiontunnistusmenetelmiä. Lyhyiden puheenpätkien emotionaalisen sisällön tunnistamiseksi on taas kehitetty informaatiofuusioon perustuva menetelmä käyttäen prosodian sekä äänilähteen laadullisten piirteiden yhdistelmää. Lisäksi on kehitetty teknologinen viitekehys emotionaalisen puheen visualisoimiseksi prosodisten piirteiden avulla. Tutkimuksessa saavutettiin ihmisten tunnistuskykyyn verrattava automaattisen emootiontunnistuksen taso käytettäessä suppeaa perusemootioiden joukkoa (neutraali, surullinen, iloinen ja vihainen). Emootiontunnistuksen suorituskyky puhutulle suomelle havaittiin olevan verrannollinen länsieurooppalaisten kielten kanssa. Lyhyiden puheenpätkien emotionaalisen sisällön tunnistamisessa saavutettiin taas parempi suorituskyky käytettäessä fuusiomenetelmää. Emotionaalisen puheen visualisoimiseksi kehitetyllä opetettavalla epälineaarisella manifoldimallinnustekniikalla pystyttiin tuottamaan aineistolle emootion dimensionaalisen mallin kaltainen visuaalinen rakenne. Mataladimensionaalisen kuvauksen voitiin edelleen osoittaa säilyttävän sekä tutkimusaineiston emotionaalisten luokkien että emotionaalisen intensiteetin topologisia rakenteita. Tässä väitöksessä kehitettiin hahmontunnistusmenetelmiin perustuvaa teknologiaa emotionaalisen puheen tunnistamiseksi käytettäessä sekä pitkiä että lyhyitä puhenäytteitä. Emotionaalisen aineiston visualisointiin ja luokitteluun kehitettyä teknologista kehysmenetelmää käyttäen voidaan myös esittää puheaineistoa muidenkin semanttisten rakenteiden mukaisesti
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Sethu, Vidhyasaharan Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Automatic emotion recognition: an investigation of acoustic and prosodic parameters." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44620.
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An essential step to achieving human-machine speech communication with the naturalness of communication between humans is developing a machine that is capable of recognising emotions based on speech. This thesis presents research addressing this problem, by making use of acoustic and prosodic information. At a feature level, novel group delay and weighted frequency features are proposed. The group delay features are shown to emphasise information pertaining to formant bandwidths and are shown to be indicative of emotions. The weighted frequency feature, based on the recently introduced empirical mode decomposition, is proposed as a compact representation of the spectral energy distribution and is shown to outperform other estimates of energy distribution. Feature level comparisons suggest that detailed spectral measures are very indicative of emotions while exhibiting greater speaker specificity. Moreover, it is shown that all features are characteristic of the speaker and require some of sort of normalisation prior to use in a multi-speaker situation. A novel technique for normalising speaker-specific variability in features is proposed, which leads to significant improvements in the performances of systems trained and tested on data from different speakers. This technique is also used to investigate the amount of speaker-specific variability in different features. A preliminary study of phonetic variability suggests that phoneme specific traits are not modelled by the emotion models and that speaker variability is a more significant problem in the investigated setup. Finally, a novel approach to emotion modelling that takes into account temporal variations of speech parameters is analysed. An explicit model of the glottal spectrum is incorporated into the framework of the traditional source-filter model, and the parameters of this combined model are used to characterise speech signals. An automatic emotion recognition system that takes into account the shape of the contours of these parameters as they vary with time is shown to outperform a system that models only the parameter distributions. The novel approach is also empirically shown to be on par with human emotion classification performance.
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Santorelli, Noelle Turini. "Perception of Emotion from Facial Expression and Affective Prosody." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/17.
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Real-world perception of emotion results from the integration of multiple cues, most notably facial expression and affective prosody. The use of incongruent emotional stimuli presents an opportunity to study the interaction between sensory modalities. Thirty-seven participants were exposed to audio-visual stimuli (Robins & Schultz, 2004) including angry, fearful, happy, and neutral presentations. Eighty stimuli contain matching emotions and 240 contain incongruent emotional cues. Matching emotions elicited a significant number of correct responses for all four emotions. Sign tests indicated that for most incongruent conditions, participants demonstrated a bias towards the visual modality. Despite these findings, specific incongruent conditions did show evidence of blending. Future research should explore an evolutionary model of facial expression as a means for behavioral adaptation and the possibility of an “emotional McGurk effect” in particular combinations of emotions.
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Selting, Margret. "Emphatic speech style : with special focus on the prosodic signalling of heightened emotive involvement in conservation." Universität Potsdam, 1994. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/3793/.
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After a review of previous work on the prosody of emotional involvement, data extracts from natural conversations are analyzed in order to argue for the constitution of an 'emphatic (speech) style', which linguistic devices are used to signal heightened emotive involvement. Participants use prosodic cues, in co-occurrence with syntactic and lexical cues, to contextualize turn-constructional units as 'emphatic'. Only realizations of prosodic categories that are marked in relation to surrounding uses of these categories have the power to contextualize units as displaying 'more-than-normal involvement'. In the appropriate context, and in cooccurrence with syntactic and lexical cues and sequential position, the context-sensitive interpretation
of this involvement is 'emphasis'. Prosodic marking is used in addition to various unmarked cues that signal and constitute different activity types in conversation. Emphatic style highlights and reinforms particular conversational activities, and makes certain types of recipient responses locally relevant. In particular, switches from non-emphatic to emphatic style are used to contextualize 'peaks of involvement' or 'climaxes' in story-telling. These are
shown in the paper to be 'staged' by speakers and treated by recipients as marked activities calling for displays of alignment with respect to the matter at hand. Signals of emphasis are deployable as techniques for locally organizing demonstrations of shared understanding and participant reciprocity in conversational interaction.
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Gordon, Haley. "Investigating the Relation between Empathy and Prosocial Behavior: An Emotion Regulation Framework." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78070.
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Little is known about the complex processes leading to prosocial behavior. However, theories suggests that empathy, empathic responding, and emotion regulation abilities, may all contribute to the presence or absence of prosocial behavior. While theoretical papers demonstrate relationships between these constructs, researchers to date have only focused on small aspects of this complex relationship (e.g., the relationship between sympathy and emotion regulation, the relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior). This study proposed a complex model whereby empathy was both directly related to prosocial behavior and indirectly related to prosocial behavior via sympathy or personal distress. Furthermore, this study proposed an emotion regulation framework for understanding the relation between empathy and prosocial behavior, suggesting that one's emotion regulation abilities would cause a differential presentation of empathic responses, leading to a potential increase or decrease in prosocial behavior. An adult sample was recruited. Analyses were completed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results indicate that hypothesized model adequately fit the data. All hypothesized associations between variables were significant. However, contrary to the hypothesis, emotion regulation ability did not alter the associations between study constructs. Strengths, limitations, and implications will be discussed.Master of Science
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Laplaza, Miras Yesika. "Síntesis del habla con emociones en el dominio de las conversaciones virtuales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128499.
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Esta tesis, al centrarse en la generación de voz sintética en el
dominio de las conversaciones virtuales en español, trata dos
aspectos diferentes del proceso de la conversión de texto en habla:
Por un lado, parte de esta investigación gira alrededor de la
normalización-corrección de los mensajes que los usuarios escriben
mientras chatean con amigos o conocidos, cuyo lenguaje dista
considerablemente del texto estándar y normativo que emplean
estos conversores. Estos textos presentan numerosas abreviaturas,
emoticonos, sustituciones de grafías o repeticiones de ellas,
haciendo que el texto si es procesado por los normalizadores
convencionales de los CTH resultara incomprensible por el oyente.
Por otro lado, el habla generada debe corresponderse con el
dominio especificado. En las conversaciones virtuales, que se
asemejan más a una conversación oral que a un discurso escrito,
predomina un afán por comunicar situaciones, transmitir estados
emocionales, opiniones, sentimientos, etc. Por lo tanto, la voz
desarrollada en esta investigación pretende reflejar esta
expresividad, concretamente se pretende generar enunciados en los
que se transmitan emociones mediante la modelación de parámetros
prosódicos. Para lograr este propósito se parte del conversor de
texto a habla de la empresa escocesa Cereproc.This thesis, by focusing on the generation of synthetic speech in the domain of virtual Spanish conversations, addresses two different aspects of the Text-to-Speech process. On one hand, most of this research revolves around the standardization-correction of messages that users type while chatting with friends or acquaintances, whose language varies considerably from standard text and the policy using these systems. These texts have many abbreviations, emoticons, photographic substitutions or repetitions of them, making the text incomprehensible to the listener if it is processed by the conventional normalisers of TTS. On the other hand, the speech generated should match the specified domain. In virtual conversations, which are more like a conversation than written speech, the prevailing situations are eagerness to communicate, convey emotional states, feelings, etc. Therefore, the voice developed in this research is intended to reflect this expression, specifically aims to generate statements, which emotions are transmitted through prosodic modeling. To achieve this purpose, the text-to-speech system by the Scottish company CereProc is addressed.
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Buxtorf, Karin Rebecca. "The influence of emotion clarity on emotional prosody identification in paranoid schizophrenia /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Kuebel, Laura A. "Effectiveness of a Social Skills Curriculum on Preschool Prosocial Behavior and Emotion Recognition." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1502050398817235.
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Rodway, Paul, and Astrid Schepman. "Valence specific laterality effects in prosody: Expectancy account and the effects of morphed prosody and stimulus lead." Elsevier, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4087.
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noThe majority of studies have demonstrated a right hemisphere (RH) advantage for the perception of emotions. Other studies have found that the involvement of each hemisphere is valence specific, with the RH better at perceiving negative emotions and the LH better at perceiving positive emotions [Reuter-Lorenz, P., & Davidson, R.J. (1981) Differential contributions of the 2 cerebral hemispheres to the perception of happy and sad faces.Neuropsychologia, 19, 609¿613]. To account for valence laterality effects in emotion perception we propose an `expectancy¿ hypothesis which suggests that valence effects are obtained when the top-down expectancy to perceive an emotion outweighs the strength of bottom-up perceptual information enabling the discrimination of an emotion. A dichotic listening task was used to examine alternative explanations of valence effects in emotion perception. Emotional sentences (spoken in a happy or sad tone of voice), and morphed-happy and morphed-sad sentences (which blended a neutral version of the sentence with the pitch of the emotion sentence) were paired with neutral versions of each sentence and presented dichotically. A control condition was also used, consisting of two identical neutral sentences presented dichotically, with one channel arriving before the other by 7 ms. In support of the RH hypothesis there was a left ear advantage for the perception of sad and happy emotional sentences. However, morphed sentences showed no ear advantage, suggesting that the RH is specialised for the perception of genuine emotions and that a laterality effect may be a useful tool for the detection of fake emotion. Finally, for the control condition we obtained an interaction between the expected emotion and the effect of ear lead. Participants tended to select the ear that received the sentence first, when they expected a `sad¿ sentence, but not when they expected a `happy¿ sentence. The results are discussed in relation to the different theoretical explanations of valence laterality effects in emotion perception.
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Fisher, Mickie Lynn. "Evaluation of a Self-Forgiveness Intervention: Does it Promote Emotion Resolution and Prosocial Behavior?" Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1205076695.
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Fisher, Mickie L. "Evaluation of a self-forgiveness intervention does it promote emotion resolution and prosocial behavior /." online version, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1205076695.
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Delk, Lauren Annabel. "Mechanisms of Empathic Behavior in Children with Callous-Unemotional Traits: Eye Gaze and Emotion Recognition." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78050.
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The presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., shallow affect, lack of empathy) in children predicts reduced prosocial behavior. Similarly, CU traits relate to emotion recognition deficits, which may be related to deficits in visual attention to the eye region of others. Notably, recognition of others' distress necessarily precedes sympathy, and sympathy is a key predictor in prosocial outcomes. Thus, visual attention and emotion recognition may mediate the relationship between CU traits and deficient prosocial behavior. Elucidating these connections furthers the development of treatment protocols for children with behavioral problems and CU traits. This study seeks to: (1) extend this research to younger children, including girls; (2) measure eye gaze using infrared eye-tracking technology; and (3) test the hypothesis that CU traits are linked to prosocial behavior deficits via reduced eye gaze, which in turn leads to deficits in fear recognition. Children (n = 81, ages 6-9) completed a computerized, eye-tracked emotion recognition task and a standardized prosocial behavior task while parents reported on the children's CU traits. Results partially supported hypotheses, in that CU traits predicted less time focusing on the eye region for fear expressions, and certain dimensions of eye gaze predicted accuracy in recognizing some emotions. However, the full model was not supported for fear or distress expressions. Conversely, there was some evidence that the link between CU traits and deficient prosocial behavior is mediated by reduced recognition for low intensity happy expressions, but only in girls. Theoretical and practical implications for these findings are considered.Master of Science
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Behler, Anna Maria C. "To Help or Not to Help? Assessing the Impact of Envy and Gratitude on Prosocial Behaviors." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4744.
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Envy is an other-oriented but negative emotion; no research has examined the influence of envy on prosocial behavior. Study 1 examined whether envy and gratitude would promote or inhibit prosocial behavior. I hypothesized that envy would result in less helping behavior than a neutral condition, whereas gratitude would increase helping behavior. Results supported the hypothesis that envy inhibits prosocial behavior. There was not enough evidence to suggest that gratitude promoted helping.
Study 2 examined how envy and gratitude affected prosocial behavior when participants were given the choice to help or harm others. I hypothesized that experiencing envy would result in greater likelihood of engaging in harmful behavior, but that gratitude would promote more helpful behavior, even when it meant a less positive outcome for participants. The hypothesis that envy increases harming behavior was supported, while there was not enough evidence to suggest that gratitude promoted helping behavior in this scenario.
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Fraser, Ashley Michelle. "I Just Can't Do It! The Effects of Social Withdrawal on Prosocial Behavior." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3572.
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While there has been research published on social withdrawal during childhood, little work has been done on the effects of social withdrawal during emerging adulthood. Since emerging adulthood is a time of transition and initiation to new environments and social contexts, it would be expected to be a time of great anxiety for individuals predisposed to social withdrawal (shyness). Shyer emerging adults are at risk for internalizing behaviors, lowered self-concept, and delayed entry into romantic relationships, therefore, they may also be more challenged when it comes to enacting prosocial behaviors. In addition, the inability to self-regulate emotions may mediate this relationship. This study utilized a sample of 774 college students (538 women, 236 men; 79% Caucasian; M = 20 years old) to test these hypotheses. Results showed that emerging adults who were more socially withdrawn were less likely to exhibit prosocial behaviors toward strangers, friends, and family members. In addition, results showed that the inability to self-regulate emotions, or cope, mediated this relationship in all cases. Implications include the salience of emotional self-regulation as a prerequisite to prosocial behavior directed toward multiple others and the possibly detrimental influence of shyness on relationship and community involvement during emerging adulthood.
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Abbey-Warn, Bonnie. "The relationship between music and emotion, as conveyed by Prosody, in indivuduals with Williams Syndrome /." Connect to online version, 2006. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2006/164.pdf.
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Cornew, Lauren A. "Emotion processing in the auditory modality the time course and development of emotional prosody recognition /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3330854.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 11, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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植村, 里絵, and Rie UEMURA. "<原著>向社会的行動の生起過程に関する探索的研究." 名古屋大学教育学部, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2949.
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Bhullar, Naureen. "Effects of Facial and Vocal Emotion on Word Recognition in 11-to-13-month-old infants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27502.
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The speech commonly addressed to infants (infant-directed speech or IDS) is believed to have multiple functions, including communication of emotion and highlighting linguistic aspects of speech. However, these two functions are most often studied separately so that the influence of emotional prosody (the changes in intonation and vocal quality that relate to emotion) on linguistic processing in infants has rarely been addressed. Given that language learning during infancy occurs in the context of natural infant-caretaker exchanges that most certainly include emotion communication and co-regulation, it is important to integrate the concepts of emotional communication and linguistic communication in studying language learning. This study examined the influence of both positive (happy) and negative (sad) face+voice contexts on word recognition in 11-to-13-month-old infants. It was hypothesized that infants would learn and subsequently recognize words when they were delivered in a happy context, but will experience more difficulty in learning and/or recognition of the same words when delivered in a sad context. The general pattern of results confirmed these predictions in that after habituating to sentences containing a specific target nonsense word, infants in the Happy Condition recovered their attention to the same sentences with a novel target word. In contrast, infants in the Sad Condition showed no significant recovery to a change in target words. These results contribute to our understanding of how emotional
tone can facilitate and/or attenuate attention in older infants as they engage in language learning with their caretakers.Ph. D.
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Voorhees, Chelsea Celeste. "The Ability of Children with Language Impairment to Understand Emotion Conveyed by Prosody in a Narrative Passage." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2728.pdf.
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PISTORIO, BIANCA ANTONIA DONATELLA. "Regolazione delle Emozioni e Strategie di Reazione in Età Prescolare." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917239.
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Dickert, Stephen. "Two Routes to the Perception of Need: The role of affective vs. deliberative information processing in prosocial behavior." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7232.
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xv, 175 p. : ill. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT HM1033 .D535 2008Emotional reactions are a critical element in the motivation to help others. For the purpose of the current research, these reactions are broadly conceptualized as focused either on the self or on other human beings. Self-focused affect (e.g., anticipated regret) motivates helping through the reduction of an unpleasant emotional state, whereas other- focused affect (e.g., sympathy) motivates helping due to concern for the victim. This dissertation investigates the role of affective vs. deliberative information processing in the genesis and use of emotional reactions in decisions to provide financial aid to people in distress. In five studies, a model of affective vs. deliberative information processing is examined within the domain of prosocial behavior. Three main hypotheses investigated whether information processing mode influenced participants' donations, affective reactions, and the relationship between affective reactions and donations. Processing mode was manipulated by a cognitive load paradigm, a priming procedure, the number and identifiability of victims, serial vs. single presentations, and the addition of background statistics related to the victim's situation. Furthermore, participants' ability to visually focus on a single target presented with and without distractor victims was investigated as part of an attentional mechanism that generates affective responses. The results supported a model in which deliberative processing has potentially disruptive effects on the generation of other-focused affect and on the extent to which these types of emotions predicted donations. The importance of other-focused affect in donation decisions was augmented by reducing deliberative capacity, priming affective processing, and increasing the affective salience of victims by identifying them. The influence of self-focused affect on donations was robust to changes in information processing mode and appeared to be governed by different mechanisms than other-focused affect. Humanitarian aid organizations should be sensitive to these issues when eliciting donations from potential donors. Implications and future research are discussed.
Adviser: Paul Slovic
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Loutrari, Ariadni Despoina. "Prosody beyond pitch and emotion in speech and music : evidence from right hemisphere brain damage and congenital amusia." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2016. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/330/.
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This dissertation examines the relationship of prosodic processing in language and music from a new perspective, considering acoustic features that have not been studied before in the framework of the parallel study of language and music. These features are argued to contribute to the effect of ‘expressiveness’ which is here defined as the combination of the acoustic features (variation in duration, pitch, loudness, and articulation) that results in aesthetic appreciation of the linguistic and the musical acoustic stream and which is distinct from pitch, emotional and pragmatic prosody as well as syntactic structure. The present investigation took a neuropsychological approach, comparing the performance of a right temporo-parietal stroke patient IB; a congenitally amusic individual, BZ; and 24 control participants with and without musical training. Apart from the main focus on the perception of ‘expressiveness’, additional aspects of language and music perception were studied. A new battery was designed that consisted of 8 tasks; ‘speech prosody detection’, ‘expressive speech prosody’, ‘expressive music prosody’, ‘emotional speech prosody’, ‘emotional music prosody, ‘speech pitch’, ‘speech rate’, and ‘music tempo’. These tasks addressed both theoretical and methodological issues in this comparative cognitive framework. IB’s performance on the expressive speech prosody task revealed a severe perceptual impairment, whereas his performance on the analogous music task examining ‘expressiveness’ was unimpaired. BZ also performed successfully on the same music task despite being characterised as congenital amusic by an earlier study. Musically untrained controls also had a successful performance. The data from IB suggest that speech and music stimuli encompassing similar features are not necessarily processed by the same mechanisms. These results can have further implications for the approach to the relationship of language and music within the study of cognitive deficits.
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Schweitzer, Claudia. "Parole et Chant. Histoire des théories du son du français à l’âge classique (XVIIe – XVIIIe siècles)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA104/document.
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Avec évidence, les sons émis par la voix parlée ou par la voix chantée montrent de nombreuses parentés, toutefois, leurs descriptions et leur analyse ne se présentent pas forcément sous la même lumière dans les textes grammaticaux et musicaux, dont la visée peut être (pour chaque type) plus ou moins théorique ou pratique.Nous avons choisi pour notre étude sur les sons en parole et en chant français, les XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : une époque où musique et langue présentent des liens structuraux fondamentaux. Cette caractéristique permet de confronter logiquement les deux disciplines et de relier deux traditions dont le lien théorique étroit s'est largement affaibli au cours de l'histoire.Le cadre de l'histoire connectée permet ainsi sous trois approches différentes (l'acoustique, l'articulation et la prosodie) d'analyser et d'ancrer les théories du son élaborées par les grammairiens, dans le cadre culturel et épistémologique de leur époque. De plus, il rend possible des questionnements sur un facteur que les grammairiens n'abordent qu'avec difficulté (et plutôt entre les lignes) : la variabilité de la parole en raison de l'émotivité du locuteur. L'étude confirme ainsi l'efficacité des méthodes de l'histoire connectée pour un corpus interdisciplinaire incluant des questions linguistiques et, plus précisément, phonétiquesAll evidence shows that the sounds produced by the human voice, either spoken or sung, exhibit numerous relationships; nevertheless, their descriptions and analyses are not necessarily presented in the same light in texts dealing with grammar on the one hand, or music on the other, of which the scope (for both categories) can be either more or less theoretical or practical.For our study of the phonetics of French in word and song, we have chosen the 17th and 18th centuries, an era when music and language by definition present fundamental structural connections. This characteristic allows us to confront the two disciplines with each other in a logical way, and to re-connect two traditions, the close theoretical ties between which have weakened in the course of history.This system of connected histories also allows us to analyze the theories of sound as expounded by the grammarians, and then to anchor them in the cultural and epistemological framework of their epoch via three different approaches: acoustics, articulation and prosody. In addition, it allows the investigation of a factor which the authorities only touch upon with difficulty (and preferably between the lines), that of the variability of speech according to the speaker’s emotional state. The study thus confirms the efficacy of methods of connected history, through an interdisciplinary corpus which embraces questions of linguistics and, more precisely, phonetics
Es ist offensichtlich, dass die von der gesprochenen und der gesungenen Stimme produzierten Klänge zahlreiche Gemeinsamkeiten aufweisen. Die Beschreibung dieser Laute und ihre Analyse präsentieren sich jedoch in den grammatikalischen und musikalischen Texten, deren Ausrichtung zudem jeweils eher theoretisch oder eher praktisch sein kann, oft auf sehr unterschiedliche Art.Für unsere Studie über die französischen gesprochenen und gesungenen Sprachlaute haben wir als Zeitraum das 17. und 18. Jahrhundert ausgewählt, eine Zeit, in der Musik und Sprache per Definition grundlegende strukturelle Verbindungen aufweisen. Diese Charakteristik ermöglicht es uns, die beiden Disziplinen zu konfrontieren und zwei Traditionen, deren enge theoretische Verbindung sich im Laufe der Geschichte stark abgeschwächt hat, erneut zu verbinden.Der theoretische Rahmen der „connected history“ ermöglicht es uns, die von den Grammatikern ausgearbeiteten Ideen und Theorien zu den Sprachlauten unter drei verschiedenen Ansätzen (Akustik, Artikulation und Prosodie) zu analysieren und sie im kulturellen und epistemologischen Kontext ihrer Zeit zu verankern. Er erlaubt darüber hinaus Fragestellungen nachzugehen, die von den Grammatikern nur mit Schwierigkeiten (und oft zwischen den Zeilen) angesprochen werden können: die Veränderlichkeit der Sprache und ihrer Laute aufgrund der Emotivität des Sprechers. Die Studie bestätigt damit die Effizienz der Methoden der „connected history“ für einen interdisziplinären Korpus zu linguistischen (und, genauer gesagt, phonetischen) Problemen
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Dondaine, Thibaut. "Approche neuropsychologique des troubles émotionnels dans la schizophrénie." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1B008/document.
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Les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés s'accompagnent souvent de déficits cognitifs et émotionnels. Les plus récents travaux mettent en relation la cognition, la motivation et les émotions dans la présentation cliniques des troubles schizophréniques. L'objectif de ce travail est de décrire les troubles de la reconnaissance des émotions, du sentiment subjectif et des réactions physiologiques liées aux émotions dans les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés. L'influence des troubles cognitifs et de l'apathie sur les processus émotionnels est également explorée. Dans une première étude, nous avons mis en évidence l'introduction de biais dans la reconnaissance des émotions dans deux modalités sensorielles (visuelle et auditive).Dans l'étude suivante, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'influence des troubles des fonctions exécutives dans le sentiment subjectif des émotions. A l'aide d'extrait de films, nous avons montré qu'un trouble des fonctions exécutives pouvait entraîner l'introduction d'un ressenti émotionnel nuancé dans les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés. L'apathie est un trouble fréquent dans la schizophrénie et peut influencer les processus émotionnels. Dans un troisième travail, nous avons étudié l'impact de l'apathie sur les réactions physiologiques induites par les émotions. Nous avons montré que la sévérité de l'apathie était corrélée à une diminution de l'activité électrodermale lors de l'induction d'émotions positives. Les résultats de ces travaux montrent un impact des troubles cognitifs et motivationnels sur les processus émotionnels dans les troubles schizophréniques stabilisés. Ces travaux nous encouragent à explorer les bases cérébrales de l'interaction entre émotion et cognition dans la schizophrénie. Des applications cliniques sont également discutéesStabilized schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive and emotional deficits. Recent works adopted a dynamic view of the relationship between cognition; motivation and emotion in schizophrenia. The objective of this work was to describe the impairments of recognition; subjective feelings and physiological reactions related to emotions in stabilized schizophrenia. The influence of cognitive impairment and apathy on the emotional processes was also explored. In a first study on a group of 23 patients with schizophrenia; we highlighted the introduction of bias in the recognition of emotion in two sensory modalities (visual and auditory). In the next study; we investigated the influence of executive function disorders in the subjective feeling of emotions. With film excerpts; we showed that a disorder in executive functions could lead the introduction of a mixed subjective feeling in schizophrenia. Apathy is a common disorder in schizophrenia and may influence emotional processes. In a third study; we investigated the impact of apathy on physiological reactions induced by emotion. We have shown that the severity of apathy was correlated with a decrease in electrodermal activity during induction of positive emotions. The results of these studies show an impact of cognitive and motivational disturbances in emotional processes in stabilized schizophrenia. This work encourages us to explore the neural bases of the interaction between emotion and cognition in schizophrenia. Clinical applications are also discussed
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Lo, Caleb. "How the self-transcendent emotion of awe affects cooperation, distributional preferences and reporting of the five factor model of personality traits." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132685/1/Yuheng_Lo_Thesis.pdf.
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The emotion of awe has been proposed to lead to behavioural shifts. This experimental study explores how induction of awe impacts cooperation through a repeated public goods game, distributional preferences through the equality equivalence test, and personality reporting through the five factor model of personality traits. It sheds light onto the study of prosocial behaviour, personality reporting and the experimental methodology of awe.
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Xu, Hanyi. "Culpabilité et conduites prosociales : l'embodiment, l'approbation sociale et l'épuisement du soi." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00875112.
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La culpabilité est une émotion introspective résultant de la réflexion sur l'association entre le soi et ses propres torts. Parce que la culpabilité montre les aspects probablement désagréables du soi, les individus sont motivés à se déculpabiliser. D'après les théories traditionnelles de la culpabilité, la culpabilité vient de processus cognitifs de haut niveau et son intensité dépend du niveau d'attribution de la faute au soi. Ces théories, fondées sur les théories standards de cognition, soulignent les aspects intellectuels et rationnels de la culpabilité. Les théories de l'embodiment rejettent la séparation entre les états corporels et situationnels et la connaissance. Les stimuli sociaux peuvent produire des états somatiques et susciter des réponses dans le soi. Les états corporels et viscéraux du soi peuvent susciter des états affectifs. Selon les théories personnifiées, la culpabilité doit aussi être influencée par des états corporels et situationnels. Nos études ont visé à comprendre les influences des facteurs corporels et contextuels sur la culpabilité et la déculpabilisation. Une première étude (N=65) a comparé l'efficacité de l'observation et de la personnification de nettoyage sur la déculpabilisation. Les résultats ont montré que (a) l'observation de nettoyage a pu déculpabiliser les individus et les conduire à se comporter moins prosocialement mais qu'elle était moins efficace que la personnification de nettoyage ; (b) la personnification du concept de nettoyage a pu apaiser les jugements moraux sévères. Deux études (N=393) ont ensuite exploré l'effet de l'approbation sociale sur la déculpabilisation au moyen de la personnification du concept de la propreté. Les résultats ont montré que l'approbation sociale était un facteur important dans la personnification du concept de la propreté et qu'elle a pu modérer l'effet du concept de propreté sur la déculpabilisation. Deux études (N=141) ont enfin analysé l'effet de l'épuisement et de la restauration d'énergie sur la culpabilité et la déculpabilisation. Les résultats ont montré que l'épuisement a diminué le sentiment de culpabilité puis le comportement prosocial, et que la restauration d'énergie a pu restaurer la capacité d'éprouver de la culpabilité. Nos travaux montrent que, la culpabilité est une émotion morale et prosociale qui est dépendante de facteurs corporels et situationnels. Des changements de statuts corporels et contextuels peuvent contribuer à déculpabiliser les individus.
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Pon-Barry, Heather Roberta. "Inferring Speaker Affect in Spoken Natural Language Communication." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10710.
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The field of spoken language processing is concerned with creating computer programs that can understand human speech and produce human-like speech. Regarding the problem of understanding human speech, there is currently growing interest in moving beyond speech recognition (the task of transcribing the words in an audio stream) and towards machine listening—interpreting the full spectrum of information in an audio stream. One part of machine listening, the problem that this thesis focuses on, is the task of using information in the speech signal to infer a person’s emotional or mental state. In this dissertation, our approach is to assess the utility of prosody, or manner of speaking, in classifying speaker affect. Prosody refers to the acoustic features of natural speech: rhythm, stress, intonation, and energy. Affect refers to a person’s emotions and attitudes such as happiness, frustration, or uncertainty. We focus on one specific dimension of affect: level of certainty. Our goal is to automatically infer whether a person is confident or uncertain based on the prosody of his or her speech. Potential applications include conversational dialogue systems (e.g., in educational technology) and voice search (e.g., smartphone personal assistants). There are three main contributions of this thesis. The first contribution is a method for eliciting uncertain speech that binds a speaker’s uncertainty to a single phrase within the larger utterance, allowing us to compare the utility of contextually-based prosodic features. Second, we devise a technique for computing prosodic features from utterance segments that both improves uncertainty classification and can be used to determine which phrase a speaker is uncertain about. The level of certainty classifier achieves an accuracy of 75%. Third, we examine the differences between perceived, self-reported, and internal level of certainty, concluding that perceived certainty is aligned with internal certainty for some but not all speakers and that self-reports are a good proxy for internal certainty.Engineering and Applied Sciences
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Goldie, Lara Lynn. "The Relationship Among Emotion Understanding, Language, and Social Behavior in Children with Language Impairment." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2709.pdf.
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Černý, Lukáš. "Rozpoznávání a klasifikace emocí na základě analýzy řeči." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218787.
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The diploma thesis focuses on classification of emotions. Thesis deals about parameterization of sounds files by suprasegment and segment methods with regard for next used of these methods. Berlin database is used. This database includes many of sounds records with emotions. Parameterization creates files, which are divided to two parts. First part is used for training and second part is used for testing. Point of interest is self-organization network. Thesis includes Matlab´s program which can be used for parameterization of any database. Data are classified by self-organization network after parameterization. Results of hits rates are presented at the end of this diploma thesis.
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Drolet, Matthis [Verfasser], Julia [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer, and Christiane [Akademischer Betreuer] Thiel. "Theory of Mind and Emotion Recognition : The Influence of Authenticity on the Perception of Emotional Prosody / Matthis Drolet. Gutachter: Julia Fischer ; Christiane Thiel. Betreuer: Julia Fischer." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044307749/34.
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Blomqvist, Niklas. "Perception of Trustworthiness and Valence of Emotional Expressions in Virtual Characters." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189546.
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Knowledge on how to design trustworthy virtual characters are of importance when these are becoming more and more common interaction partners. In this study, a closer look at the suggested relationship from previous research between valence and trustworthiness is investigated by constructing virtual characters with different non-verbal behaviours and letting participants rate them in a pre-study. A second question of how perception of trustworthiness is based for virtual characters is investigated by letting participants play a trust game with life-sized virtual characters on a big 4k-screen. Results indicated that valence is not necessarily a factor influencing trustworthiness and that positive valence together with mutual gaze is not enough to provide a clearly trustworthy virtual character. Results also indicated that perception of trustworthiness is not based solely on a virtual character's previous decisions of trust in a longer interaction but also on its non-verbal behaviour. The outcome of this study will help when constructing virtual characters in different scenarios, especially when the goal is to make them as trustworthy as possible. The study also gives insight into tools and software that can be used when creating virtual characters and setting up scenarios of trust.
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Navrátil, Michal. "Rozpoznávání emočních stavů pomocí analýzy řečového signálu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217263.
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The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of human emotional states speaker by the help of analyse speech signals. The thesis has two parts. In the first part, the process of speech generating is described in addition to the description of the commonly used pre-processing methods such as denoising or preemphasis. The first part also deals with the major and minor prosody features, these features are: the fundamental frequency, energy, spectral features and time domain features such as the speech rate. The second part of this thesis deals with a task of emotion recognition from the speech signal. When we accumulate sufficient of the number of recordings emotive state will be able to rekognize emotive state with high probability. All project is prepared for use in real time. The last part of this thesis thesis contains description and results of the experiments made on a large number of speech records.
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Schiano, Lomoriello Arianna. "Reading others' emotions: Evidence from event-related potentials." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426338.
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This Thesis aimed at investigating, by using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique, some relevant aspects involved in human ability to read others’ emotions and in empathizing with others’ affective states. Social and affective neuroscience has largely studied faces and facial expressions since they represent relevant “pieces of information” in guiding individuals during interaction. Their importance is strictly related to the fact that they provide unique information about identity, gender, age, trustworthiness, and attractiveness, but they also convey emotions.
In Chapter 1, I have introduced the reader to the contents of this Thesis, in particular the ability to “read” others’ facial expressions and to empathize with others’ affective states.
In Chapter 2, I have offered an overview of knowledge available today on how humans process faces in general and facial expressions in particular. I have proposed a theoretical excursus starting from Bruce and Young’s cognitive model (1986) to a recent simulative model of recognition of emotional facial expressions by Wood and colleagues (2016), which considers facial mimicry helpful in discriminating between subtle emotions.
In Chapter 3 and 4, I have presented two different studies (Experiments 1 and 2, respectively) strongly related to each other, since they aimed both at testing a functional link between the visual system and facial mimicry/sensorimotor simulation during the processing of facial expressions of emotions. I have described two different studies in which ERPs, by virtue of its high temporal resolution, allowed to track the time-course of the hypothesized influence of mimicry/simulation on the stages of visual analysis of facial expressions. The aim of Experiment 1 was to explore the potential connection between facial mimicry and the early stage of the construction of visual percepts of facial expressions; while the Experiment 2 investigated whether and how facial mimicry could
interact with later stages of visual processing focusing on the construction of visual working memory representations of facial expressions of emotions, by also monitoring whether this process could depend on the degree of the observers’ empathy. For both studies, the results strongly suggest that mimicry may influence early and later stages of visual processing of faces and facial expressions.
In the second part of my Thesis, I introduced the reader to the construct of empathy, dealing with its multifaceted nature and the role of different factors in the modulation of an empathic response, especially to others’ pain (Chapter 5).
In Chapter 6 and 7, I have discussed two ERP studies (Experiments 3 and 4a) with one behavioral study included as a control study (Experiment 4b) to investigate the empathic reaction to others’ pain as a function of different variables that could play a role in daily life. Experiment 3 investigated the role of prosodic information in neural empathic responses to others’ pain. Results from this study demonstrated that prosodic information can enhance human ability to share others’ pain by acting transversely on the two main empathy components, the experience sharing and the mentalizing. The aim of Experiment 4a was to study whether the physical distance between an observer and an individual in a particular affective state, induced by a painful stimulation, is a critical factor in modulating the magnitude of an empathic neural reaction in the observer. Thus, by manipulating the perceived physical distance of face stimuli, I observed a moderating effect on empathic ERP reactions as a function of the perceived physical distance of faces. Results of Experiment 4b clarified that the critical factor triggering differential empathic reactions in the two groups in Experiment 4a was not related to the likelihood of identifying the faces of the two sizes but to the perceived physical distance.
Finally, in Chapter 8, a general discussion highlights the main findings presented in this Thesis, by also providing future suggestions to extend the research on this topics debated in the previous Chapters.Questo elaborato ha l’obiettivo di indagare, tramite l’utilizzo della tecnica dei potenziali evento-relati (ERPs, Event-Related Potentials), alcuni aspetti che caratterizzano e guidano l’interazione sociale umana, come l’abilità di leggere e comprendere le emozioni altrui. Le neuroscienze sociali hanno studiato nel dettaglio volti ed espressioni facciali, in quanto stimoli che, oltre a fornire informazioni uniche circa l’identità, il genere, l’età, l’affidabilità, l’attrattività e la direzione dello sguardo, tramettono indicazioni circa gli stati emotivi dell’altro. Il Capitolo 1 fornisce una panoramica teorica, primum, rispetto al processamento dei volti e delle espressioni facciali, deinde, sull’empatia, in particolare al dolore, intesa come capacità umana di comprendere l’altrui stato affettivo. Nel Capitolo 2 è proposto un excursus teorico sul processamento dei volti e delle emozioni da essi veicolate, partendo dal modello cognitivo di Bruce e Young (1986) ai recenti modelli simulativi, fino a quello più attuale di Wood e colleghi (2016), che considera il ruolo della mimica facciale nella discriminazione di emozioni sottili. Nei Capitoli 3 e 4, sono presentati due studi strettamente interconnessi (rispettivamente, Esperimento 1 e 2). Entrambi hanno come obiettivo lo studio di un collegamento funzionale tra il sistema visivo e la mimica facciale/simulazione senso-motoria, nel processamento di emozioni tramite l’osservazione di espressioni facciali. Nei due studi è stata utilizzata la tecnica degli ERPs che, data la sua alta risoluzione temporale, ha permesso di tracciare una dinamica temporale chiarendo il ruolo della mimica/simulazione sugli stadi di analisi visiva coinvolti nell’elaborazione di espressioni facciali. L’obiettivo dell’Esperimento 1 era di indagare una possibile connessione tra la mimica facciale e uno dei primi stadi di costruzione del percetto visivo del volto; mentre l’Esperimento 2, indagava se e come la mimica facciale interagisse con uno stadio più tardivo legato alla costruzione di una rappresentazione in memoria di lavoro visiva e se questo processo dipendesse dal grado di empatia dell’osservatore. I risultati dei due Esperimenti suggeriscono come la mimica facciale influenzi sia gli stadi precoci che tardivi del processamento di emozioni tramite l’osservazione di espressioni facciali. Nella seconda parte della Tesi, viene affrontato il tema dell’empatia, con particolare riferimento alla sua natura sfaccettata e al come variabili diverse possano modulare la risposta empatica stessa, specialmente al dolore altrui (Capitolo 5). All’interno dei Capitoli 6 e 7 sono presentati due studi ERPs (Esperimento 3 e 4a) e un’indagine comportamentale (Esperimento 4b) con l’obiettivo di indagare la risposta empatica, elicitata nell’osservatore, quando si trova di fronte a qualcuno che sta provando dolore. L’esperimento 3 vuole studiare il ruolo della prosodia nel modulare la risposta neurale empatica nell’osservatore. I risultati dimostrano che l’informazione prosodica può aumentare la risposta empatica, agendo trasversalmente sulle due grandi componenti dell’empatia, experience sharing e mentalizing. Nell’Esperimento 4a, l’obiettivo era di comprendere se la distanza fisica tra l’osservatore e un individuo in una situazione dolorosa, potesse rappresentare un fattore importante nel modulare la grandezza della risposta empatica. Questo studio, attraverso la manipolazione della distanza fisica percepita di volti, ha mostrato una riduzione della risposta empatica rilevata nell’osservatore, in funzione della distanza fisica percepita. Il risultato dell’Esperimento 4b, invece, ha chiarito che il fattore critico nella generazione della risposta empatica (studio 4a) fosse la distanza fisica percepita e non quanto fossero discriminabili i volti tra loro. In conclusione, nel Capitolo 8, è fornita una discussione generale che integri i risultati più importanti ottenuti negli studi descritti, cercando di delineare risvolti e prospettive future.
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Pfeifer, Leon. "Automatické rozpoznávání emočních stavů člověka na základě analýzy řečového projevu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217520.
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The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of human emotional states. The thesis consists of three parts. The first part is charcterize, the process of speech generating, from phonetic and psychological poin of view. In the second part there are proccesed metods and contextual things.(preprocessing of signal, voice activity detector). For calculation fundamental Frequency it was used metod of central clipping, another used metod is formant frequency analyse and the last is metod of determinatin of nuber of thorns and planes. In the thirt part there are proccesesed results of measurements performed by particural metods. It was scorred five different emotional states: neutral, anger, happiness, sadness and surprise. At the end of this part there are discussed results for each metod.
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Kubose, Denise Kennedy. "The role of emotion regulation in promoting prosocial sibling relationships /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3242903.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: B, page: 6755. Adviser: Laurie Kramer. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-105) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Yi-HsuanChen and 陳毅軒. "Prosodic Phrase-Based Speech Emotion Recognition Using Deep Neural Network Considering Verbal and Non-verbal Speech Signals." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fsvjt4.
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Drolet, Matthis. "Theory of Mind and Emotion Recognition." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-001D-AE32-8.
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In zwischenmenschlichen Interaktionen sind die Wahrnehmung und das Verstehen von sozialen Äußerungen, zu denen Gesichtsausdrücke, Körpersprache und Lautgebung gehören, unentbehrlich. Die Fähigkeit den mentalen Zustand anderer Personen identifizieren zu können, auch als soziale Kognition bekannt, ist notwendig um das Verhalten anderer verstehen und interpretieren zu können. Diese Identifikation des mentalen Zustandes durch die Kombination von Reizinformation und eigener Erfahrung ist als "Theory of Mind" (ToM) bekannt. ToM ist die Fähigkeit anderen Personen bestimmte mentale Zustände (Wünsche, Glauben, Absichten und Emotionen) zuzuschreiben. Emotionale Ausdrücke stellen dabei besonders wichtige Reize in sozialen Interaktionen dar, wobei sich diese Arbeit spezifisch auf vokale emotionale Ausdrücke beschränkt. Das Erkennen von Emotionen in der Stimme geschieht durch nicht-verbale Komponenten, die bei der Lautproduktion entstehen und u.a. als Intonation oder Prosodie bekannt sind. Allerdings wird die Erkennung von emotionaler Prosodie stark von anderen Faktoren beeinflusst, so wie Kontext oder Kultur des Sprechers und Zuhörers.
Um die Interaktion zwischen emotionalem Ausdruck und Kontext weiter aufzuklären, habe ich die Erkennung von Ausdrücken in der Stimme in Zusammenhang mit der Authentizität untersucht. Der Unterschied zwischen authentischen und gespielten emotionalen Ausdrücken bietet eine ideale Grundlage für die Erforschung dieser Interaktion. Beide Stimulus-Arten unterscheiden sich im Kontext der Produktion durch die unterschiedliche Intention des jeweiligen Sprechers. Die in diesem Projekt verwendeten authentischen Tonaufnahmen stammen aus Radiointerviews und waren intern initiiert, während die gespielten Tonaufnahmen von Schauspielern produziert wurden, die den Text, den Kontext der Aufnahme und die jeweilige Emotion zugewiesen bekamen, und daher extern initiiert waren. Meine Erwartung war, dass die Erkennung der Authentizität durch eine ToM Verarbeitung geschehen würde, da die unterschiedlichen Tonaufnahmen durch einen Unterschied im mentalen Zustand des Sprechers charakterisiert sind.
Ich wollte feststellen, ob die Erkennung der emotionalen Ausdrücke und die damit einhergehende Gehirnaktivierung von der Authentizität des Stimulus Materials beeinflusst werden. Experimentell sollten Individuen, die in einem Magnetresonanztomographen lagen, entweder die Authentizität oder die Emotion (Wut, Angst, Freude, Trauer) der Tonaufnahmen identifizieren. Authentizität hatte einen deutlichen Einfluss auf die Erkennung von Emotionen, wobei Wut bei gespielten Aufnahmen besser erkannt wurde, Trauer hingegen bei authentischen. Im Gehirn wurde dabei das ToM Netzwerk für die explizite Bewertung der Authentizität rekrutiert. Zusätzlich wiesen die Versuchspersonen bei authentischen Aufnahmen, anders als bei gespielten, eine erhöhte Aktivierung im medialen prefrontalen Cortex auf. Dies weist auf die Notwendigkeit von ToM bei der Erkennung von Authentizität, den gleichzeitigen Einfluss auf die Wahrnehmung von emotionalen Ausdrücken, und die erhöhte Rekrutierung kognitiver Ressourcen für authentische Ausdrücke hin.
Um die Eigenschaften des Effekts von Authentizität zu verdeutlichen, habe ich diesen Befund auf universelle und kultur-spezifische Einflüsse in drei unterschiedlichen Ländern geprüft. Individuen aus Deutschland, Rumänien und Indonesien wurden in einem ähnlichen Experiment, aber nur auf Verhalten, getestet. Obwohl Teilnehmer aus den unterschiedlichen Ländern die Authentizität der Aufnahmen nur schwer erkennen konnten, war der Authentizitätseffekt auf die Emotionserkennung für alle Kulturen sehr ähnlich. Die wichtigsten Unterschiede kamen durch Neigungen für bestimmte Emotionen zustande. Die deutschen Versuchspersonen waren bei den gespielten wie auch bei den authentischen Aufnahmen eher dazu geneigt Wut zu wählen, während Versuchspersonen aus Rumänien und Indonesien sich bei den authentischen Emotionen, im Gegenteil zu den Deutschen, vermehrt für Trauer entschieden. Dies weist auf eine komplexe Interaktion universeller und kultur-spezifischer Effekte bei der Authentizitäts- und Emotionserkennung hin.
Für weitere Aufklärung des Authentizitäteffektes konzentrierte ich mich schließlich auf die proximalen Ursachen des Verhaltens und der Verarbeitung im Gehirn. Zunächst habe ich untersucht, ob der Authentizitätseffekt durch vorheriges Wissen beeinflusst werden kann, indem den Teilnehmern in Zwei-Dritteln der Versuche durch Hinweisung mitgeteilt wurde, ob die vorgespielten Aufnahmen authentisch oder gespielt waren. Diese Aussage war entweder richtig (kongruent) oder falsch (nicht-kongruent). Ganz ohne Hinweise verursachten gespielte Reize eine erhöhte Aktivierung im primären auditorischen Cortex und in Arealen, die wichtig für die Verarbeitung von Prosodie sind. Der Effekt im medialen prefrontalen Cortex war hingegen nicht mehr zu erkennen. Obwohl die Erkennung der emotionalen Ausdrücke durch die gegebenen Hinweise („gespielt“ oder „echt“) nicht beeinflusst wurden, hatten die Hinweise einen klaren Einfluss auf die Gehirnaktivierung. Die allgemeine Interaktion von Hinweis und Authentizität des Reizes verursachten eine erhöhte Aktivierung im superioren temporalen Sulcus und im anterioren Cingulum. Wenn auf den Hinweis eines authentischen Ausdruckes eine gespielte Aufnahme folgte, erhöhte sich die Aktivierung im temporoparietalen Cortex, was auf eine Komponente der ToM Fähigkeit, der gesteigerten Perspektivenübernahme, hindeutet.
Unklar blieb, wie Authentizität akustisch wahrgenommen wird. Die Kontur der Grundfrequenz weist eine größere Variabilität bei gespielten als bei authentischen Aufnahmen auf. Durch eine Analyse des Effektes der Kontur-Variabilität wollte ich feststellen, ob dieser Faktor einen Einfluss auf die Erkennung der emotionalen Ausdrücke und auf die Gehirnaktivierung hat. Aufnahmen mit niedriger Kontur-Variabilität wurden bevorzugt als Trauer oder authentisch kategorisiert, während die Aktivierung im Gehirn durch eine höhere Kontur-Variabilität im primären auditorischen Cortex aufgabenunabhängig erhöht wurde. Hinzu kam, dass die Kontur und die Aufgabe der Versuchsperson (Emotionserkennung versus Authentizitätserkennung) im medialen prefrontalen Cortex interagierten. Eine erhöhte Aktivierung fand bei der Emotionserkennung statt, wenn die Kontur-Variabilität niedrig war, während bei der Authentizitätserkennung eine erhöhte Aktivierung festgestellt wurde, wenn die Variabilität der Kontur hoch war. Der Authentizitätseffekt im Verhalten und in der Gehirnaktivierung scheint also durch Kontur-Variabilität beeinflusst zu sein, ist aber stark aufgabenbedingt in Arealen, die für soziale Kognition wichtig sind.
Die Verhaltens- und Aktivierungsdaten zeigen, dass Authentizität ein wichtiger Faktor bei der Emotionserkennung ist, das auch Auswirkungen auf Studien hat, die gespielte emotionale Ausdrücke benutzen. Die Effekte zur Gehirnaktivierung des ToM Netzwerkes suggerieren, dass die Erkennung von Intention einen Einfluss auf die Wertung von emotionalen Ausdrücken in der Stimme hat. Der Einfluss der Authentizität des Stimulus kann gleichzeitig aufgabenabhängig, beispielsweise in Teilen des ToM Netzwerkes, und Stimulus-angetrieben, im primären auditorischen Cortex, sein. Weiterhin können Kontextinformationen die Gehirnaktivierung, die durch Authentizität moduliert wird, zusätzlich beeinflussen. Wenn diese Ergebnisse gemeinsam mit den Unterschieden zwischen den getesteten Kulturen betrachtet werden, wird deutlich, dass der Einfluss der Intention des Sprechers auf die Erkennung von Emotionen auf einer komplexen Interaktion von universellen und kultur-spezifischen Effekten beruht.
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Van, Zyl Marianne. "Perception of prosody by cochlear implant recipients." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43274.
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Recipients of present-day cochlear implants (CIs) display remarkable success with speech recognition in quiet, but not with speech recognition in noise. Normal-hearing (NH) listeners, in contrast, perform relatively well with speech recognition in noise. Understanding which speech features support successful perception in noise in NH listeners could provide insight into the difficulty that CI listeners experience in background noise. One set of speech features that has not been thoroughly investigated with regard to its noise immunity is prosody. Existing reports show that CI users have difficulty with prosody perception. The present study endeavoured to determine if prosody is particularly noise-immune in NH listeners and whether the difficulty that CI users experience in noise can be partly explained by poor prosody perception. This was done through the use of three listening experiments.
The first listening experiment examined the noise immunity of prosody in NH listeners by comparing perception of a prosodic pattern to word recognition in speech-weighted noise (SWN). Prosody perception was tested in a two-alternatives forced-choice (2AFC) test paradigm using sentences conveying either conditional or unconditional permission, agreement or approval. Word recognition was measured in an open set test paradigm using meaningful sentences. Results indicated that the deterioration slope of prosody recognition (corrected for guessing) was significantly shallower than that of word recognition. At the lowest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) tested, prosody recognition was significantly better than word recognition.
The second experiment compared recognition of prosody and phonemes in SWN by testing perception of both in a 2AFC test paradigm. NH and CI listeners were tested using single words as stimuli. Two prosody recognition tasks were used; the first task required discrimination between questions and statements, while the second task required discrimination between a certain and a hesitant attitude. Phoneme recognition was measured with three vowel pairs selected according to specific acoustic cues. Contrary to the first experiment, the results of this experiment indicated that vowel recognition was significantly better than prosody recognition in noise in both listener groups.
The difference between the results of the first and second experiments was thought to have been due to either the test paradigm difference in the first experiment (closed set versus open set), or a difference in stimuli between the experiments (single words versus sentences). The third experiment tested emotional prosody and phoneme perception of NH and CI listeners in SWN using sentence stimuli and a 4AFC test paradigm for both tasks. In NH listeners, deterioration slopes of prosody and phonemes (vowels and consonants) did not differ significantly, and at the lowest SNR tested there was no significant difference in recognition of the different types of speech material. In the CI group, prosody and vowel perception deteriorated with a similar slope, while consonant recognition showed a steeper slope than prosody recognition. It is concluded that while prosody might support speech recognition in noise in NH listeners, explicit recognition of prosodic patterns is not particularly noise-immune and does not account for the difficulty that CI users experience in noise. ## Ontvangers van hedendaagse kogleêre inplantings (KI’s) behaal merkwaardige sukses met spraakherkenning in stilte, maar nie met spraakherkenning in geraas nie. Normaalhorende (NH) luisteraars, aan die ander kant, vaar relatief goed met spraakherkenning in geraas. Begrip van die spraakeienskappe wat suksesvolle persepsie in geraas ondersteun in NH luisteraars, kan lei tot insig in die probleme wat KI-gebruikers in agtergrondgeraas ervaar. Een stel spraakeienskappe wat nog nie deeglik ondersoek is met betrekking tot ruisimmuniteit nie, is prosodie. Bestaande navorsing wys dat KI-gebruikers sukkel met persepsie van prosodie. Die huidige studie is onderneem om te bepaal of prosodie besonder ruisimmuun is in NH luisteraars en of die probleme wat KI-gebruikers in geraas ondervind, deels verklaar kan word deur swak prosodie-persepsie. Dit is gedoen deur middel van drie luistereksperimente.
Die eerste luistereksperiment het die ruisimmuniteit van prosodie in NH luisteraars ondersoek deur die persepsie van ’n prosodiese patroon te vergelyk met woordherkenning in spraakgeweegde ruis (SGR). Prosodie-persepsie is getoets in ’n twee-alternatiewe-gedwonge-keuse- (2AGK) toetsparadigma met sinne wat voorwaardelike of onvoorwaardelike toestemming, instemming of goedkeuring oordra. Woordherkenning is gemeet in ’n oopstel-toetsparadigma met betekenisvolle sinne. Resultate het aangedui dat die helling van agteruitgang van prosodieherkenning (gekorrigeer vir raai) betekenisvol platter was as dié van woordherkenning, en dat by die laagste sein-tot-ruiswaarde (STR) wat getoets is, prosodieherkenning betekenisvol beter was as woordherkenning.
Die tweede eksperiment het prosodie- en foneemherkenning in SGR vergelyk deur die persepsie van beide te toets in ’n 2AGK-toetsparadigma. NH en KI-luisteraars is getoets met enkelwoorde as stimuli. Twee prosodieherkenningstake is gebruik; die eerste taak het diskriminasie tussen vrae en stellings vereis, terwyl die tweede taak diskriminasie tussen ’n seker en onseker houding vereis het. Foneemherkenning is gemeet met drie vokaalpare wat geselekteer is na aanleiding van spesifieke akoestiese eienskappe. In teenstelling met die eerste eksperiment, het resultate van hierdie eksperiment aangedui dat vokaalherkenning betekenisvol beter was as prosodieherkenning in geraas in beide luisteraarsgroepe.
Die verskil tussen die resultate van die eerste en tweede eksperimente kon moontlik die gevolg wees van óf die verskil in toetsparadigma in die eerste eksperiment (geslote- teenoor oop-stel), óf ’n verskil in stimuli tussen die eksperimente (enkelwoorde teenoor sinne). Die derde eksperiment het emosionele-prosodie- en foneempersepsie van NH en KI-luisteraars getoets in SGR met sinstimuli en ’n 4AGK-toetsparadigma vir beide take. In NH luisteraars het die helling van agteruitgang van die persepsie van prosodie en foneme (vokale en konsonante) nie betekenisvol verskil nie, en by die laagste STR wat getoets is, was daar nie ’n betekenisvolle verskil in die herkenning van die twee tipes spraakmateriaal nie. In die KI-groep het prosodie- en vokaalpersepsie met soortgelyke hellings agteruitgegaan, terwyl konsonantherkenning ’n steiler helling as prosodieherkenning vertoon het. Die gevolgtrekking was dat alhoewel prosodie spraakherkenning in geraas in NH luisteraars mag ondersteun, die eksplisiete herkenning van prosodiese patrone nie besonder ruisimmuun is nie en dus nie ’n verklaring bied vir die probleme wat KI-gebruikers in geraas ervaar nie.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lk2014
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
PhD
unrestricted
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"Prosocial approach to instrumental emotion regulation: 利他性的工具性情緒管理." 2016. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1291922.
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Ho, Yuen Wan.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-71).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 02, December, 2016).
Ho, Yuen Wan.
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Gagnon, Olivier. "Les caractères musicaux au sein d'une démarche artistique dramatique : exploration des indices acoustiques jouant un rôle dans l'évocation des états affectifs en musique." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14059.
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Hideg, Ivona. "The Effects of Up-regulated Happiness on Others’ Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Cultural Thinking Style." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/34053.
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Past research has suggested that up-regulating displays of happiness leads to positive social outcomes. In my dissertation research, I suggest that whether the up-regulation of displays of happiness leads to positive outcomes depends on observers’ culture. I developed and tested a model of how one aspect of observers’ culture, analytic-holistic thinking, influences the relation between expressers’ displays of happiness and observers’ prosocial behavior. In two studies, I examined how observers’ analytical-holistic thinking moderates the effect of expressers’ inauthentic displays of happiness (regulated through surface acting) and expressers’ authentic displays of happiness (regulated through deep acting) on observers’ prosocial behavior and trust inferences. In a laboratory experiment (Study 1), observers’ analytical-holistic thinking moderated the effect of project leaders’ inauthentic displays of happiness (vs. neutral emotional displays) on observers’ trust in the expresser, but not on observers’ prosocial behavior (time taken to edit a cover letter). In a field fundraising experiment (Study 2), observers’ analytical-holistic thinking moderated the effect of fundraisers’ inauthentic displays of happiness (vs. authentic displays of happiness) on observers’ trust in fundraisers, intentions to volunteer for the charity organization, and monetary donations to the charity organization. Further, observers’ trust in fundraisers mediated the moderating effect of observers’ analytical-holistic thinking on the relation between fundraisers’ inauthentic displays of happiness and observers’ intention to volunteer. Contributions to the literature on the social effects of emotions and to the literature on fundraising and helping as well as practical implications are discussed.
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Siklos, Susan. "Emotion recognition in children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1268.
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Despite the anecdotal evidence of social difficulties in children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), and the risk for secondary disabilities as a result of these social difficulties, very little research has examined social-emotional functioning in children with FASD. The majority of the research conducted thus far has relied on parent and teacher reports to document social impairments. These parent and teacher reports provide a broad measure of social functioning but are unable to elucidate the specific aspects of social functioning that this group of children might find difficult. As a result, it has been very difficult to develop effective social interventions for children with FASD because it is unclear what aspects of social functioning should be targeted. The current study aimed to examine emotion recognition abilities in children with FASD, as recognition of emotions is an important precursor for appropriate social interaction. The study included 22 participants with diagnosed FASD (ages 8-14), with age- and gender- matched typically developing controls. Participants were assessed using computerized measures of emotion recognition from three nonlinguistic modalities: facial expressions (static and dynamic, child and adult faces), emotional tone of voice (child and adult voices), and body positioning and movement (postures and point-light walkers). In addition, participants completed a task assessing emotion recognition in real-life scenarios. Finally, caregivers completed measures of behavioural functioning, adaptive functioning, FASD symptomatology, and a demographics questionnaire. Overall, findings suggest that children with FASD do have more difficulties than age-matched typically developing peers in aspects of emotion recognition, with particular difficulties in recognizing emotions from adult facial expressions and adult emotional prosody. In addition, children with FASD had more difficulty perceiving differences in facial expressions. When the effect of age was examined, it was found that some aspects of emotion recognition were more impaired in children with FASD between age eight and ten years compared to same-age typically developing peers and compared to children with FASD age 11-14. This finding suggests that younger children with FASD may demonstrate a delay in the acquisition of some aspects of emotion recognition or may be more vulnerable to the information processing demands of some tasks compared to older children with FASD. The types of emotion recognition difficulties found in the current study supported a pattern where children with FASD make more errors on emotion recognition tasks when the complexity of the task is increased and consequently demands greater information processing. As such, it is anticipated that children with FASD would be likely to have the most difficulty with emotion recognition abilities embedded within complex, rapidly changing, real-world social situations, and in recognizing more subtle emotional displays. Caregivers, teachers, and professionals living and working with children and youth with FASD should be aware of possible emotion recognition difficulties in complex social situations and should help foster stronger emotion recognition skills when difficulties are detected.
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Matos, Vera Lúcia Oliveira. "Affective Norms for semantic content and prosody of European Portuguese Sentences: combining categorical and dimensional approaches." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/32956.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em PsicologiaThe capacity to decode the affective state of others is crucial to our social interactions (Carton, Kessler, & Pape, 1999). We can use several cues to decode emotional information from others, such as facial expression, gestures, body postures, semantic content of the speech and emotional prosody. However, scientific research has mostly focused on the visual modality rather than on the auditory (Scherer, Johnstone, & Klasmeyer, 2003). To respond to the lack of well validated auditory stimuli and to promote research on auditory emotional processing, we validated the semantic content and emotional prosody of a set of European Portuguese sentences. Participants were asked to rate the sentences in three dimensions (valence, arousal, and dominance) and their intensity in each of six categories (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and neutral). By combining these dimensional and categorical ratings, this study provide a very complete tool for emotional prosody assessment in an European Portuguese setting, which can be used in experimental research and applied to clinical contexts.
A capacidade de descodificar o estado emocional dos outros é crucial nas nossas interações sociais (Carton et al., 1999). Para perceber o estado emocional dos outros podemos recolher pistas de diferentes fontes de informação, como: das expressões faciais, dos gestos, da postura corporal, do conteúdo do discurso e da prosódia emocional. No entanto, a investigação sobre o processamento emocional realizada até o momento tem estado maioritariamente focada na modalidade visual em comparação com a auditiva (Scherer, Johnstone, & Klasmeyer, 2003). De forma a responder à falta de estímulos auditivos devidamente validados e para impulsionar a investigação do processamento emocional auditivo este estudo teve como principal objetivo validar o conteúdo semântico e a prosódia emocional de um conjunto de frases. Para isso, os participantes avaliaram as frases de acordo com as perspectivas dimensional (avaliando valência, arousal e dominância) e categorial (avaliando a intensidade de raiva, nojo, medo, tristeza, alegria e neutralidade que cada frase transmite). Assim, este estudo fornece um conjunto de frases validadas para o contexto português que constituem uma ferramenta de avaliação completa e adequada à aplicação experimental bem como à clínica.
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - Project “Electrophysiological investigation of auditory affective processing in schizophrenia and its relationship with selfmonitoring : a window into auditory hallucinations?” (PTDC/PSI-PCL/116626/2010)
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Lausen, Adi. "Emotion recognition from expressions in voice and face – Behavioral and Endocrinological evidence –." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C121-D.
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Henriques, Mariana de Ascensão. "The role of individual differences in shame-induced behavior: a review of the literature and investigation of the contribution of attachment individual differences in predicting prosocial behavior following shame." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6155.
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In this article I will review research on the role of individual differences in predicting shameinduced
behavior. Shame emerges essentially from a perception that one is viewed as
unattractive by others and serves the important evolutionary function of warning individuals
that they may be rejected and excluded by others. To help people deal with the threat of
rejection, shame is postulated to motivate them to engage in socially valued behaviors that
will protect or improve their social images and in this way grant them the acceptance of others
and prevent their loss of group membership. Nevertheless, research has for decades focused
on the negative interpersonal and psychological consequences of shame, with studies showing
how this emotion leads people to hide when commiting transgressions, become more
aggressive and hostile and exhibit dimished empathy for others. Only recently have the
positive behavioral functions of shame begun to be uncovered, with studies showing how this
emotion may also motivate people to behave in ways that promote interpersonal acceptance
(e.g. striving in performance situations, engaging in reparations following wrongdoing and
behaving prosocially towards others). However, the extent to which shame will promote one
type of behavior or another is dependent upon individual differences that predispose people
towards adaptiveness or maladaptiveness in the face of this emotion. Because space does not
allow for a consideration of all such relevant individual differences, I will review evidence of
the role of self-esteem and attachment individual differences in predicting adaptive versus
maladaptive behavior following shame.Neste artigo serão revistos os resultados da investigação existente acerca do papel das diferenças individuais na predição do comportamento em situações de vergonha. A vergonha surge essencialmente de percepções de ausência de atractividade social aos olhos dos outros e serve a importante função evolucionária de avisar os indivíduos de que podem ser rejeitados ou excluídos. Por forma a lidar com a ameaça da rejeição, tem sido defendido que a vergonha motiva os indivíduos a terem comportamentos socialmente desejáveis que irão proteger ou melhorar as suas imagens sociais aos olhos dos outros e assim garantir-lhes que são aceites por eles. No entanto, a investigação durante décadas focou-se nas consequências interpessoais negativas da vergonha, com vários estudos a demonstrar como esta emoção leva as pessoas a fugir quando cometem transgressões, tornar-se mais agressivas e hostis e exibir menor empatia pelos outros. Apenas recentemente têm as consequências interpessoais da vergonha vindo a ser desvendadas, com alguns estudos a evidenciarem que esta emoção também pode motivar as pessoas a comportar-se de formas que promovem a sua aceitação social (e.g. dedicação em domínios de performance, reparações após transgressões, comportamento prosocial). Porém, a medida em que a vergonha irá promover um tipo de comportamento ou o outro depende de diferenças individuais que predispõem as pessoas a comportar-se adaptativamente ou não quando confrontadas com esta emoção. Porque o espaço não permite a consideração em detalhe de todas as diferenças individuais relevantes para este tópico, evidência acerca do papel da auto-estima e da vinculação na predição do comportamento em situações de vergonha será revista em maior detalhe.