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1
Dankerl, Peter, Andrea Kerstin Keller, Lothar Häberle, Thomas Stumptner, Gregor Pfaff, Michael Uder, and Raimund Forst. "Effects on posture by different neuromuscular afferent stimulations and proprioceptive insoles: Rasterstereographic evaluation." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 40, no. 3 (October 31, 2014): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364614554031.
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Background: Proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulating insoles are increasingly applied in treating functional complaints, chronic pain, foot disorders and so on. Objectives: To evaluate rasterstereography as a tool in objectifying postural changes resulting from neuromuscular afferent stimulation and proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulating insoles and to compare the respective effects on posture. Study design: This is a prospective experimental study. Methods: A total of 27 healthy volunteers were consecutively exposed to six different varying intense neuromuscular afferent stimulating test conditions at three different times. One test condition featured proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulating insoles. In each test condition, a sequence of 12 rasterstereographic recordings of back shape was documented. Changes between six different test conditions and over time for 14 posture characterising parameters were investigated, for example, trunk inclination, pelvic torsion, lateral deviation of the spine’s amplitude or sagittal spinal curve. Results: Standard deviation of our rasterstereographic measurements (±2.67 mm) was better than in most comparable reference values. Different neuromuscular stimuli were found to provoke significant changes to various posture parameters, including trunk inclination, pelvic torsion and so on ( each p < 0.001, F-tests). Proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulating insoles induced significant changes for parameter lateral deviation of the spine’s amplitude (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Neuromuscular afferent stimulation and proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulating insoles induce postural changes, which can be detected reliably by rasterstereography. Clinical relevance We demonstrated that rasterstereography – a radiation-free imaging modality – enables visualisation and documentation of subtle postural changes induced by varying intense neuromuscular afferent stimulation and the application of proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulating insoles.
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Ito, Tadashi, Yoshihito Sakai, Yohei Ito, Kazunori Yamazaki, and Yoshifumi Morita. "Association Between Back Muscle Strength and Proprioception or Mechanoreceptor Control Strategy in Postural Balance in Elderly Adults with Lumbar Spondylosis." Healthcare 8, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010058.
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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between back muscle strength and proprioception or mechanoreceptor control strategies used for postural balance in elderly adults with lumbar spondylosis. The displacement of the center of pressure (COP) excursion was determined in 24 elderly adults with lumbar spondylosis and 24 healthy young adults while the participants were standing upright on a balance board with their eyes closed. Vibratory stimulations of 30, 60, and 240 Hz were applied to the gastrocnemius (GS) and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscles to evaluate the effect of different proprioceptive signals on postural control. Back muscle strength was evaluated. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between back muscle strength and significant COP excursion. Compared with young adults, elderly adults with lumbar spondylosis showed an increase in COP excursion displacement when a vibratory stimulation of 240 Hz was applied to the GS (P = 0.002) and LM muscles (P < 0.001). LM stimulation at 240 Hz was significantly associated with back muscle strength (P = 0.038). Postural control assessment with 240-Hz mechanoreceptor stimulation of the trunk could be a good indicator of postural instability due to over-dependence on mechanoreceptors and back muscle weakness in elderly adults with lumbar spondylosis.
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Ito, Tadashi, Yoshihito Sakai, Kazunori Yamazaki, Reiya Nishio, Yohei Ito, and Yoshifumi Morita. "Postural Strategy in Elderly, Middle-Aged, and Young People during Local Vibratory Stimulation for Proprioceptive Inputs." Geriatrics 3, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics3040093.
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Proprioceptive input may greatly affect postural stability. However, the proprioceptive postural strategy in elderly, middle-aged, and young people has not been investigated sufficiently. Hence, in this study, we aimed to investigate differences in proprioceptive postural strategies of elderly, middle-aged, and young people. The center of pressure displacement was determined in 23 elderly, 23 middle-aged, and 23 young people during upright stance on a balance board with their eyes closed. Vibratory stimulations at 30, 60, and 240 Hz were applied to the lumbar multifidus (LM) and gastrocnemius (GS) muscles to evaluate the contributions of different proprioceptive signals used in balance control. Compared with middle-aged and young people, elderly people showed a high dependence on postural control of the GS at 30 Hz (p-values: Young and elderly: 0.033; middle-aged and elderly: 0.001). Moreover, compared with young people, elderly people were more dependent on postural control of the LM at 240 Hz (p = 0.016). There were no significant differences with respect to the GS at 60 and 240 Hz, and with respect to the LM at 30 and 60 Hz between the elderly, young, and middle-aged people. Thus, the postural control strategy of elderly people depends on the GS at 30 Hz.
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Carel, Christophe, Isabelle Loubinoux, Kader Boulanouar, Claude Manelfe, Olivier Rascol, Pierre Celsis, and François Chollet. "Neural Substrate for the Effects of Passive Training on Sensorimotor Cortical Representation: A Study with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Subjects." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 20, no. 3 (March 2000): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200003000-00006.
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Repetitive passive movements are part of most rehabilitation procedures, especially in patients with stroke and motor deficit. However, little is known about the consequences of repeated proprioceptive stimulations on the intracerebral sensorimotor network in humans. Twelve healthy subjects were enrolled, and all underwent two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions separated by a 1-month interval. Passive daily movement training was performed in six subjects during the time between the two fMRI sessions. The other six subjects had no training and were considered as the control group. The task used during fMRI was calibrated repetitive passive flexion-extension of the wrist similar to those performed during training. The control task was rest. The data were analyzed with SPM96 software. Images were realigned, smoothed, and put into Talairach's neuroanatomical space. The time effect from the repetition of the task was assessed in the control group by comparing activation versus rest in the second session with activation versus rest in the first session. This time effect then was used as null hypothesis to assess the training effect alone in our trained group. Passive movements compared with rest showed activation of most of the cortical areas involved in motor control (i.e., contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area [SMA], cingulum, Brodmann area 40, ipsilateral cerebellum). Time effect comparison showed a decreased activity of the primary sensorimotor cortex and SMA and an increased activity of ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere, compatible with a habituation effect. Training brought about an increased activity of contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex and SMA. A redistribution of SMA activity was observed. The authors demonstrated that passive training with repeated proprioceptive stimulation induces a reorganization of sensorimotor representation in healthy subjects. These changes take place in cortical areas involved in motor preparation and motor execution and represent the neural basis of proprioceptive training, which might benefit patients undergoing rehabilitative procedures.
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Zwoliński, Tomasz, Magdalena Wujtewicz, Jolanta Szamotulska, Tomasz Sinoracki, Piotr Wąż, Rita Hansdorfer-Korzon, Andrzej Basiński, and Rik Gosselink. "Feasibility of Chest Wall and Diaphragm Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Techniques in Mechanically Ventilated Patients." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020960.
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Physical therapy is part of the treatment for patients admitted to ICU. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is one of the physiotherapy concepts including manual techniques and verbal stimulation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility of PNF techniques in mechanically ventilated (MV) ICU patients. Another aim is to verify whether the technique using resistance during the patient’s inhalation will have a different effect than the technique used to teaching the correct breathing patterns. Methods: Patients admitted to tertiary ICU were enrolled in this study, randomly divided into two groups, and received four 90-second manual breathing stimulations each. The following vital signs were assessed: HR, SBP, DBP, and SpO2. Results: 61 MV ICU adult patients (mean age 67.8; 25 female and 36 male) were enrolled in this study. No significant differences in HR, SBP, and DBP were observed both for two techniques measured separately and between them. Statistically significant differences were noticed analysing SpO2 in the rhythmic initiation technique (RIT) group (p-value = 0.013). Conclusions: Short-term PNF interventions did not influence clinically relevant vital parameters among MV patients and seem to be feasible in this group of ICU patients.
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Nishio, Ito, Morita, Ito, Yamazaki, and Sakai. "Investigation of the Functional Decline in Proprioceptors for Low Back Pain Using the Sweep Frequency Method." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9234988.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional decline in proprioceptors in patients with low back pain (LBP) by evaluating the entire range of response frequencies of proprioceptors. In previous studies, the function of proprioceptors was only evaluated by single frequency vibrations. However, because it is assumed that individual differences exist in response frequencies of proprioceptors, we developed a method using vibration with sweep frequency covering the entire range of response frequencies of proprioceptors. The center of pressure was determined in 35 elderly patients with non-specific LBP (NSLBP) and 28 elderly individuals with non-LBP (NLBP) during upright stances on a balance board without vision. Local vibratory stimulations to lower leg or trunk muscles were continuously varied between 27 and 272 Hz over 60 s to evaluate the proprioceptive predominance of a body location using the relative proprioceptive weighting ratio (RPW). Compared with the NLBP group, the NSLBP group exhibited a lower RPW value for the Vater-Pacini corpuscles. Thus, the NSLBP group relied more on the input of Vater-Pacini corpuscles in the trunk. A reduction in lower leg sensitivity at the Vater-Pacini corpuscles in the NSLBP group was observed.
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Hapuarachchi, Harin, Takayoshi Hagiwara, Gowrishankar Ganesh, and Michiteru Kitazaki. "Effect of connection induced upper body movements on embodiment towards a limb controlled by another during virtual co-embodiment." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): e0278022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278022.
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Even if we cannot control them, or when we receive no tactile or proprioceptive feedback from them, limbs attached to our bodies can still provide indirect proprioceptive and haptic stimulations to the body parts they are attached to simply due to the physical connections. In this study we investigated whether such indirect movement and haptic feedbacks from a limb contribute to a feeling of embodiment towards it. To investigate this issue, we developed a ’Joint Avatar’ setup in which two individuals were given full control over the limbs in different sides (left and right) of an avatar during a reaching task. The backs of the two individuals were connected with a pair of solid braces through which they could exchange forces and match the upper body postures with one another. Coupled with the first-person view, this simulated an experience of the upper body being synchronously dragged by the partner-controlled virtual arm when it moved. We observed that this passive synchronized upper-body movement significantly reduced the feeling of the partner-controlled limb being owned or controlled by another. In summary, our results suggest that even in total absence of control, connection induced upper body movements synchronized with the visible limb movements can positively affect the sense of embodiment towards partner-controlled or autonomous limbs.
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Sozzi, Stefania, Antonio Nardone, Oscar Crisafulli, and Marco Schieppati. "Podokinetic After-Rotation Is Transiently Enhanced or Reversed by Unilateral Axial Muscle Proprioceptive Stimulation." Neural Plasticity 2019 (March 11, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7129279.
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Unilateral axial muscle vibration, eliciting a proprioceptive volley, is known to incite steering behavior. Whole-body rotation while stepping in place also occurs as an after-effect of stepping on a circular treadmill (podokinetic after-rotation, PKAR). Here, we tested the hypothesis that PKAR is modulated by axial muscle vibration. If both phenomena operate through a common pathway, enhancement or cancellation of body rotation would occur depending on the stimulated side when vibration is administered concurrently with PKAR. Seventeen subjects participated in the study. In one session, subjects stepped in place eyes open on the center of a platform that rotated counterclockwise 60°/s for 10 min. When the platform stopped, subjects continued stepping in place blindfolded. In other session, a vibratory stimulus (100 Hz, 2 min) was administered to right or left paravertebral muscles at lumbar level at two intervals during the PKAR. We computed angular body velocity and foot step angles from markers fixed to shoulders and feet. During PKAR, all subjects rotated clockwise. Decreased angular velocity was induced by right vibration. Conversely, when vibration was administered to the left, clockwise rotation velocity increased. The combined effect on body rotation depended on the time at which vibration was administered during PKAR. Under all conditions, foot step angle was coherent with shoulder angular velocity. PKAR results from continuous asymmetric input from the muscles producing leg rotation, while axial muscle vibration elicits a proprioceptive asymmetric input. Both conditioning procedures appear to produce their effects through a common mechanism. We suggest that both stimulations would affect our straight ahead by combining their effects in an algebraic mode.
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Padilla-Castañeda, Miguel A., Antonio Frisoli, Silvia Pabon, and Massimo Bergamasco. "The Modulation of Ownership and Agency in the Virtual Hand Illusion under Visuotactile and Visuomotor Sensory Feedback." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 23, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00181.
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It is well known by the virtual hand illusion (VHI) that simultaneous and synchronous visuotactile sensory feedback within a virtual environment elicits the feeling of ownership of a virtual hand, by observing for some seconds in a scene a virtual hand being touched while at the same time receiving tactile stimulation on the real hand in the corresponding positions. In this paper, we investigate possible modulations in the feeling of ownership (sensation of owning a virtual hand) and of agency (sensation of owning virtual movements and actions) according to whether or not the participant's own motor acts (1) induce coherent self-activated visuotactile sensory stimulations; and (2) generate plausible consequences in the simulated environment. For this purpose, we elicited the VHI within a group of participants through a cross-modal integration of visuo-tactile sensory stimulations within a dynamic and physically plausible immersive virtual environment, where they were able to perform natural tasks in both passive and active agency conditions. Our results indicate that both feelings of ownership and agency can be achieved in immersive virtual environments, when the subject is realistically interacting and performing natural upper limb movements. We did not observe any significant difference in the VHI in terms of ownership and agency between the active and passive conditions, but we observed that a physically incongruent simulated interaction with the virtual world can lead to a significant disruption of ownership. Moreover, in the passive agency condition, a plausible physical behavior of the virtual hand was sufficient to elicit a partially complete sense of ownership, if measured in terms of proprioceptive drift, even in the presence of an asynchronous visuotactile sensory feedback. All these findings suggest that the multisensory feedback associated with a subject's own actions and the physical plausibility of the environment both act as determinant factors, influencing and modulating the vividness of the VHI.
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Vallar, Giuseppe. "Spatial frames of reference and somatosensory processing: a neuropsychological perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1360 (October 29, 1997): 1401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0126.
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In patients with lesions in the right hemisphere, frequently involving the posterior parietal regions, left–sided somatosensory (and visual and motor) deficits not only reflect a disorder of primary sensory processes, but also have a higher–order component related to a defective spatial representation of the body. This additional factor, related to right brain damage, is clinically relevant: contralesional hemianaesthesia (and hemianopia and hemiplegia) is more frequent in right brain–damaged patients than in patients with damage to the left side of the brain. Three main lines of investigation suggest the existence of this higher–order pathological factor. (i) Right brain–damaged patients with left hemineglect may show physiological evidence of preserved processing of somatosensory stimuli, of which they are not aware. Similar results have been obtained in the visual domain. (ii) Direction–specific vestibular, visual optokinetic and somatosensory or proprioceptive stimulations may displace spatial frames of reference in right brain–damaged patients with left hemineglect, reducing or increasing the extent of the patients’ ipsilesional rightward directional error, and bring about similar directional effects in normal subjects. These stimulations, which may improve or worsen a number of manifestations of the neglect syndrome (such as extrapersonal and personal hemineglect), have similar effects on the severity of left somatosensory deficits (defective detection of tactile stimuli, position sense disorders). However, visuospatial hemineglect and the somatosensory deficits improved by these stimulations are independent, albeit related, disorders. (iii) The severity of left somatosensory deficits is affected by the spatial position of body segments, with reference to the midsagittal plane of the trunk. A general implication of these observations is that spatial (non–somatotopic) levels of representation contribute to corporeal awareness. The neural basis of these spatial frames includes the posterior parietal and the premotor frontal regions. These spatial representations could provide perceptual–premotor interfaces for the organization of movements (e.g. pointing, locomotion) directed towards targets in personal and extrapersonal space. In line with this view, there is evidence that the sensory stimulations that modulate left somatosensory deficits affect left motor disorders in a similar, direction–specific, fashion.
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Bertrand-Charette, Michaël, Miorie Le Quang, Jean-Sébastien Roy, and Laurent J. Bouyer. "Alteration of ankle proprioceptive threshold during gait in the presence of acute experimental pain." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): e0263161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263161.
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Objective Human gait requires complex somatosensory processing of various inputs such as proprioception. Proprioception can be altered in the presence of pain. This has been shown mostly during controlled tasks, thereby limiting the influence of external perturbations. While controlling the environment is sometimes warranted, it limits the ecological validity of the data. Using robotic orthoses to apply perturbations during movements seems a promising tool to functionally assess proprioception, where the complex somatosensory processing required in real-life situations is at play. The main objective of this study was to compare the proprioceptive threshold of healthy participants during gait in the presence and absence of an acute experimental pain. Methods 36 healthy participants walked on a treadmill while wearing a robotized ankle–foot orthosis (rAFO) around their right ankle. The rAFO applied torque perturbations of graded magnitudes during the swing phase of gait. Participants had to report the presence/absence of such perturbations, as a measure of proprioceptive threshold. Following initial assessment, they were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: Control (no stimulation), Painless (non-nociceptive stimulation) and Painful (nociceptive stimulation). Electrodes placed on the right lateral malleolus delivered an electrical stimulation during the second assessment for Painless and Painful groups. A Kruskal-Wallis was used to compare the percentage of change of the three groups between the two assessments. Results A 31.80±32.94% increase in proprioceptive threshold, representing an increase of 1.3±1.2 Nm in the detection threshold, was observed for the Painful group only (p<0.005), with an effect size of 1.6. Conclusion Findings show that the presence of pain at the ankle can alter participants’ proprioceptive threshold during gait. Clinical assessment of proprioception should therefore carefully consider the presence of pain when evaluating a patient’s performance using clinical proprioceptive test and consider the negative effect of pain on proprioceptive threshold for test interpretation.
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Sakai, Yoshihito, Yoshifumi Morita, Keitaro Kawai, Jo Fukuhara, Tadashi Ito, Kazunori Yamazaki, Tsuyoshi Watanabe, Norimitsu Wakao, and Hiroki Matsui. "Targeted vibratory therapy as a treatment for proprioceptive dysfunction: Clinical trial in older patients with chronic low back pain." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 19, 2024): e0306898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306898.
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Introduction Proprioceptive function declines with age, leading to falls, pain, and difficulties in performing activities of daily living among older adults. Although individuals with low back pain (LBP) exhibit decreased lumbosacral proprioception in various postures, the mechanism by which reduced proprioceptive function causes LBP remains uncertain. Vibratory stimulation may enhance proprioceptive function; however, its efficacy in treating LBP has not been investigated. Thus, we investigated the feasibility of improving proprioceptive function and its effect on alleviating chronic LBP in older patients through targeted vibratory therapy (TVT) administration. Methods This single arm designed trial included older patients aged >65 years with non-specific chronic LBP. TVT involved applying vibratory stimulation, matching the frequency of dysfunctional receptors, for 1 min daily over 14 days to activate proprioceptors; patients performed TVT three times daily at home. In cases of reduced proprioceptive function at multiple sites, TVT was aimed at the lowest frequency band value. LBP and proprioceptive function were evaluated at 2 weeks after TVT and at 2 weeks after the end of TVT in patients with declined proprioception in the trunk or lower extremities. Results Overall, 56 patients with chronic LBP were enrolled; 32 patients were recruited for treatment based on a proprioceptive dysfunction diagnosis and 24 patients were recruited with a normal diagnosis with no significant differences observed between the two sets of patients in sarcopenia-related factors and clinical proprioception-related characteristics. No patient had any adverse events. Two weeks after TVT, the numerical pain rating scale score improved to <3 points in 78.1% of patients, with 73.1% of patients achieving a score of ≤ 3 points. Proprioceptive function improved in 81.3% of cases, and engagement in activities of daily living improved significantly. Conclusions TVT demonstrated efficacy in improving proprioception and alleviating LBP in older patients with impaired proprioceptive function without affecting non-targeted proprioceptors.
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Ager, Amanda L., Dorien Borms, Magali Bernaert, Vicky Brusselle, Mazarine Claessens, Jean-Sébastien Roy, and Ann Cools. "Can a Conservative Rehabilitation Strategy Improve Shoulder Proprioception? A Systematic Review." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2019-0400.
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Context: Proprioception deficits contribute to persistent and recurring physical disability, particularly with shoulder disorders. Proprioceptive training is thus prescribed in clinical practice. It is unclear whether nonsurgical rehabilitation can optimize shoulder proprioception. Objectives: To summarize the available evidence of conservative rehabilitation (ie, nonsurgical) on proprioception among individuals with shoulder disorders. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO were systematically searched, from inception until November 24, 2019. Selected articles were systematically assessed, and the methodological quality was established using the Dutch Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were utilized for this review. The conservative treatments were categorized as follows: (1) conventional therapy, (2) proprioceptive training, (3) elastic kinesiology tape, and (4) other passive therapies. Evidence Synthesis: Twelve articles were included, yielding 58 healthy control shoulders and 362 shoulders affected by impingement syndrome, glenohumeral dislocations, nonspecific shoulder pain, rotator cuff dysfunction, or subluxation poststroke. The level of agreement between the evaluators was excellent (84.9%), and the studies were evaluated to be of fair to excellent quality (risk of bias: 28.5%–100%). This review suggests, with moderate evidence, that proprioceptive training (upper-body wobble board or flexible foil training) can improve proprioception in the midterm. No decisive evidence exists to suggest that conventional therapy is of added value to enhance shoulder proprioception. Conflicting evidence was found for the improvement of proprioception with the application of elastic kinesiology tape, while moderate evidence suggests that passive modalities, such as microcurrent electrical stimulation and bracing, are not effective for proprioceptive rehabilitation of the shoulder. Conclusions: Proprioceptive training demonstrates the strongest evidence for the effective rehabilitation of individuals with a shoulder proprioceptive deficit. Elastic kinesiology tape does not appear to affect the sense of shoulder proprioception. This review suggests a possible specificity of training effect with shoulder proprioception.
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Ito, Yohei, Keitaro Kawai, Yoshifumi Morita, Tadashi Ito, Kazunori Yamazaki, Yoshiji Kato, and Yoshihito Sakai. "Evaluation Method of Immediate Effect of Local Vibratory Stimulation on Proprioceptive Control Strategy: A Pilot Study." Electronics 10, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030341.
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Postural instability owing to poor proprioception is considered a main cause of low back pain and falls. However, the effect of local vibratory stimulation on a poor proprioceptor on proprioceptive control strategy has yet to be evaluated. Therefore, in this study, we proposed an evaluation method of the immediate effect on proprioceptive control strategies by applying local vibratory stimulation to the poor proprioceptor. First, using our device, we determined the poor proprioceptors in each of six elderly patients with non-specific low back pain. Furthermore, we applied local vibratory stimulation to the poor proprioceptor. Finally, we compared the proprioceptive control strategy before and after applying local vibratory stimulation. As a result, the proprioceptive control strategy improved for three patients with impaired muscle spindles that responded to a higher frequency (p < 0.05). Thus, the impaired proprioceptive control strategy caused by a decline in the muscle spindle responding to a higher frequency might be improved by local vibratory stimulation. Furthermore, it was shown that our developed device and protocol might be used to evaluate proprioceptive control strategies within multiple frequency ranges, as well as activate a poor proprioceptor based on diagnosis and improve the proprioceptive control strategies.
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Mozheiko, E. Yu, S. V. Prokopenko, Ya V. Yasinskaya, Yu O. Eremina, Yu Yu Piskareva, and Ya O. Revtovich. "Proprioceptive Stimulation of the Articulatory Muscles for Restoration of Speech and Swallowing." Doctor.Ru 19, no. 9 (2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2020-19-9-39-44.
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Objective of the Paper: To assess the possibility of supplementing standard speech therapy protocols for dysarthria patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke, with techniques for stimulating the afferent nerves of the mouth and articulatory organs via a proprietary training mask designed to improve proprioception. Key Points: The paper describes a clinical case of using the training mask. Repeated speech evaluations and changes in scores on scales for assessing the severity of speech problems and dysarthria showed that stimulation of the proprioceptive afferents in the mouth and articulatory organs improved mimetic muscle function and speech articulation, contributed to normalizing muscle tone in the articulatory muscles, and reduced speech hesitation. Conclusion: The clinical case described in the paper demonstrates the positive effects of a training mask designed for proprioceptive stimulation of the articulatory muscles in patients with acute ischemic stroke. These results will be of interest to neurologists, speech therapists, and specialists in neurorehabilitation. Keywords: dysarthria, pseudobulbar disorders, extrapyramidal disorders, training mask, ischemic stroke.
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Hitter Buru, Timea, Erzsébet Buta, Gertrud Bucur, and Maria Cantor. "Children–plant interaction using therapeutic horticulture intervention in a Romanian school." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausae-2019-0012.
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Abstract Nature, childhood, and ecopsychology can to be connected in the landscape of a schoolyard. The landscape architecture of the natural environments serves as a wide-open green space for outdoor activities, creating imaginative and inventive urban environmental layouts and connecting natural elements. School-based green experience, either indoor or outdoor, can be a physical and mental activity for children. In the case of individuals, it makes` easy to access a natural, green environment and to be actively involved in a natural setting, developing either social and/or cognitive functions and improving concentration and creativity. Therapeutic horticulture activity, such as planting indoor plants, can be a good experience for developing team work, the proprioceptive (kinase) receptors, affectivity, socialization, permanent care, and responsibility. The potential benefits of ornamental plants for children involved in public education include spending time in outdoor spaces, fresh air and sunshine, experiencing a sense of control, and being exposed to sensory stimulations. Physical and psychological education based on therapeutic horticulture activities in Romanian schools, such as planting and green care, can provide important opportunities for children to develop their attachment to nature, offering sustainable education solutions to an active part of the natural environment.
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Kim, Hyun Ho, Gak Hwang Bo, and Byung Kook Yoo. "The Effects of a Sensory Integration Programme with Applied Interactive Metronome Training for Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Pilot Study." Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy 22, no. 1 (June 2012): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hkjot.2012.05.001.
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Objective To assess the effects of a sensory integration programme involving applied interactive metronome training in a group of children with developmental disabilities. Methods Ten children with various developmental disabilities participated in this study. Participants received sensory integration treatment in a group programme with applied interactive metronome training for 45 minutes a day for 4 weeks, exclusive of Saturday and Sunday. The treatments consisted of stimulations of the vestibular and tactile senses, and proprioceptive applied metronome training. Results The effects of the programme were evaluated via measurements of short sensory profile, Corner's teacher rating scale, and DeGangi-Berk test. The data obtained before and after the treatment were analyzed using Wilcoxon's test. The findings of this study were that there were significantly positive effects on sensory processing, concentration, motor control, bilateral coordination, and reflex integration in the study group. Conclusion Our results indicated that the sensory integration programme with applied interactive metronome training might be useful and improved the performance of the children with developmental disabilities. The results demonstrated the efficacy of this new approach. This pilot study provides new insights into the effective treatment of children with developmental disabilities.
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Frey, Vanessa N., Kevin Butz, Georg Zimmermann, Alexander Kunz, Yvonne Höller, Stefan Golaszewski, Eugen Trinka, and Raffaele Nardone. "Effects of Rubber Hand Illusion and Excitatory Theta Burst Stimulation on Tactile Sensation: A Pilot Study." Neural Plasticity 2020 (April 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3069639.
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Synchronous visuotactile stimulation on the own hidden hand and a visible fake limb can alter bodily self-perception and influence spontaneous neuroplasticity. The rubber hand illusion (RHI) paradigm experimentally produces an illusion of rubber hand ownership and arm shift by simultaneously stroking a rubber hand in view and a participant’s visually occluded hand. The aim of this cross-over, placebo-controlled, single-blind study was to assess whether RHI, in combination with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) given as intermittent (excitatory) theta burst stimulation (iTBS) applied over the hand area of the primary sensory region (S1) can enhance tactile sensation in a group of 21 healthy subjects and one patient with cervical spinal cord injury. Four sessions covered all combinations of real and sham stimulations of the RHI and the TBS: real TBS and real RHI, real TBS and sham RHI, sham TBS and real RHI, and both conditions sham. The condition sham TBS and real RHI shows the greatest effect on the proprioceptive drift (median 2.3 cm, IQR 2) and on the score of RHI questionnaires (median 3, IQR 2) in the control group as well as in the real-real condition (median 2, IQR 2). The sham TBS and real RHI condition also shows the best results in the electrical perception test of the patient (median 1.9 mA). Conversely, the upregulation of the cortical excitability of S1 via TBS seems to impair the effect of the RHI. This might be due to a strengthening of the top-down connection between the central nervous system and the periphery, diminishing the RHI. This finding helps in understanding the mechanisms of top-down and bottom-up mechanisms in healthy subjects and patients with spinal cord injury. The RHI paradigm could represent an interesting therapeutic approach in improving tactile sensation and rTMS techniques could modulate these effects. Yet, further studies are needed, to examine the direction of the interaction effect of TMS and RH.
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He, Jieying, Chong Li, Jiali Lin, Beibei Shu, Bin Ye, Jianhui Wang, Yifang Lin, and Jie Jia. "Proprioceptive Training with Visual Feedback Improves Upper Limb Function in Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study." Neural Plasticity 2022 (January 15, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1588090.
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Proprioceptive deficit is one of the common sensory impairments following stroke and has a negative impact on motor performance. However, evidence-based training procedures and cost-efficient training setups for patients with poststroke are still limited. We compared the effects of proprioceptive training versus nonspecific sensory stimulation on upper limb proprioception and motor function rehabilitation. In this multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial, 40 participants with poststroke hemiparesis were enrolled from 3 hospitals in China. Participants were assigned randomly to receive proprioceptive training involving passive and active movements with visual feedback (proprioceptive training group [PG]; n = 20 ) or nonspecific sensory stimulation (control group [CG]; n = 20 ) 20 times in four weeks. Each session lasted 30 minutes. A clinical assessor blinded to group assignment evaluated patients before and after the intervention. The primary outcome was the change in the motor subscale of the Fugl-Meyer assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE-M). Secondary outcomes were changes in box and block test (BBT), thumb localization test (TLT), the sensory subscale of the Fugl-Meyer assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE-S), and Barthel Index (BI). The results showed that the mean change scores of FMA-UE were significantly greater in the PG than in the CG ( p = 0.010 for FMA-UE-M, p = 0.033 for FMA-UE-S). The PG group was improved significantly in TLT ( p = 0.010 ) and BBT ( p = 0.027 ), while there was no significant improvement in TLT ( p = 0.083 ) and BBT ( p = 0.107 ) for the CG group. The results showed that proprioceptive training was effective in improving proprioception and motor function of the upper extremity in patients with poststroke. This trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000037808).
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Gomes de Castro, Thiago, Marcelle Matiazo Pinhatti, Clarissa Pinto Pizarro de Freitas, and William Barbosa Gomes. "Spatial numerical estimation within proprioceptive recalibration." Anales de Psicología 33, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.3.229671.
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Research has emphasized that the body's position in space and patterns of visual searching for stimuli are crucial variables to explain the ability to estimate distances numerically. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that proprioception recalibration interferes in the ability to numerically estimate fixed peri-personal space. The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) experimental paradigm was applied as a tool to temporally manipulate the sense of proprioception in participant’s right hand. Seventeen college students were asked to estimate fixed horizontal spatial cues before and after two conditions of tactile stimulation within RHI (synchronous versus asynchronous stroking). Results evidenced that proprioceptive recalibration of the hand were temporally altered by both stroking patterns. However, the effects of numerically estimate fixed horizontal cues towards the body midline were only consistently observed in the synchronous stroking condition. Those findings suggest that numerical estimates of peri-personal fixed cues are strongly associated with proprioceptive recalibration, corroborating the literature on multisensory integration of perception.
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Motyka, Paweł, and Piotr Litwin. "Proprioceptive Precision and Degree of Visuo-Proprioceptive Discrepancy Do Not Influence the Strength of the Rubber Hand Illusion." Perception 48, no. 9 (July 30, 2019): 882–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006619865189.
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Rubber hand illusion is caused by spatiotemporally congruent visuotactile stimulation which induces a sense of ownership towards a fake limb. We tested two predictions of the Bayesian bottom-up model; namely, that the strength of the illusion is inversely proportional to (a) the distance separating hands and (b) the precision of proprioceptive signals. To manipulate distance, we displaced participants’ hands to either a position close to (8 cm) or far from (24 cm) the rubber hand. Before manipulation, we assessed proprioceptive abilities in a task requiring active reproduction of one’s arm’s position. Proprioceptive precision was operationalised as inversely related to the variance of the estimations. Multiple regression showed that both for subjective and physiological measures neither distance, nor proprioceptive precision, nor their interaction were predictors of illusion strength. Bayes factor analyses provided evidence for null effects. Our findings suggest the limited relevance of proprioception for the strength of visuo-haptically induced rubber hand illusion.
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Litwin, Piotr, Beata Zybura, and Paweł Motyka. "Tactile information counteracts the attenuation of rubber hand illusion attributable to increased visuo-proprioceptive divergence." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): e0244594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244594.
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Sense of body ownership is an immediate and distinct experience of one’s body as belonging to oneself. While it is well-recognized that ownership feelings emerge from the integration of visual and somatosensory signals, the principles upon which they are integrated are still intensely debated. Here, we used the rubber hand illusion (RHI) to examine how the interplay of visual, tactile, and proprioceptive signals is governed depending on their spatiotemporal properties. For this purpose, the RHI was elicited in different conditions varying with respect to the extent of visuo-proprioceptive divergence (i.e., the distance between the real and fake hands) and differing in terms of the availability and spatiotemporal complexity of tactile stimulation (none, simple, or complex). We expected that the attenuating effect of distance on illusion strength will be more pronounced in the absence of touch (when proprioception gains relatively higher importance) and absent in the presence of complex tactile signals. Additionally, we hypothesized that participants with greater proprioceptive acuity—assessed using an elbow joint position discrimination task—will be less susceptible to the illusion, but only under the conditions of limited tactile stimulation. In line with our prediction, RHI was attenuated at the farthest distance only when tactile information was absent or simplified, but the attenuation was effectively prevented by the use of complex tactile stimulation—in this case, RHI was comparably vivid at both distances. However, passive proprioceptive acuity was not related to RHI strength in either of the conditions. The results indicate that complex-structured tactile signals can override the influence of proprioceptive signals in body attribution processes. These findings extend our understanding of body ownership by showing that it is primarily determined by informative cues from the most relevant sensory domains, rather than mere accumulation of multisensory evidence.
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Grabherr, Luzia, Leslie N. Russek, Valeria Bellan, Mohammad Shohag, Danny Camfferman, and G. Lorimer Moseley. "The disappearing hand: vestibular stimulation does not improve hand localisation." PeerJ 7 (July 26, 2019): e7201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7201.
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Background Bodily self-consciousness depends on the coherent integration of sensory information. In addition to visual and somatosensory information processing, vestibular contributions have been proposed and investigated. Vestibular information seems especially important for self-location, but remains difficult to study. Methods This randomised controlled experiment used the MIRAGE multisensory illusion box to induce a conflict between the visually- and proprioceptively-encoded position of one hand. Over time, the perceived location of the hand slowly shifts, due to the fact that proprioceptive input is progressively weighted more heavily than the visual input. We hypothesised that left cold caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) augments this shift in hand localisation. Results The results from 24 healthy participants do not support our hypothesis: CVS had no effect on the estimations with which the perceived position of the hand shifted from the visually- to the proprioceptively-encoded position. Participants were more likely to report that their hand was ‘no longer there’ after CVS. Taken together, neither the physical nor the subjective data provide evidence for vestibular enhanced self-location.
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Polikanova, Irina S. "Body schema and the system of mental representation of human movements." Theoretical and experimental psychology 17, no. 1 (2024): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/tep-24-02.
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Background. The study of mental representations of the human body has more than a century history. Although quite a lot of knowledge and research results have already been accumulated, there is still no common understanding of the body schema and body image. Despite the importance of the internal representation system for the formation and implementation of body movements, in the Russian-language literature very few works are devoted to this issue. Objective. The study had its purpose to systematize and analyze data on the body schema and body image as systems of internal representation of human movements. Results. The literature analysis showed that most researchers agree that body schema and body image are different non-identical phenomena and that body schema, or at least its parts, is innate. In the course of life, body schema plays a crucial role in the implementation of body movements, including through feedback, integration of sensorimotor experience and multimodal sensations. At the same time, the body image cannot be considered in isolation from the body schema. It is formed mainly on the basis of integration of various types of stimulation (tactile, vestibular, proprioceptive, visual, etc.). In the context of studying movement formation, proprioception and vestibular reception also play a critical role. Thus, in case of the proprioception loss, the body image suffers first of all, which leads to impossibility of automatic performance of even simple movements. However, there is still a possibility to realize the motor function on the basis of the body schema. Conclusion. Body schema, being initially innate, is a relatively independent phenomenon, which is gradually adjusted, refined and perfected in the course of life, growth, and accumulation of individual experience (motor, sensory, vestibular, proprioceptive, etc.). Body image is predominantly formed during one’s life on the basis of integration of information from proprioception, multimodal receptors, sensorimotor stimulation, and feedback.
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POP, Nicolae Horațiu, and Irina ILISEI. "ENHACEMENT OF SWIMMING KINEMATICS AND PERFORMANCE THROUGH PROPRIOCEPTION." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae 67, no. 4 (March 10, 2023): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.67(4).42.
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ABSTRACT. Proprioception is closely linked to control of movement, and it has been shown that athletic performance is based on good proprioceptive abilities. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the weighting of the fist joints (in the form of weighted fabric wrist cuffs) has an impact on the swimming technique and thus on performance in freestyle swimming. A number of 16 male subjects with a medium age of 20.74 years took part in our study and were distributed into 2 separate groups: experimental group and control group. Calculations were made using descriptive statistics and the data for the participating subjects proved to be statistically relevant. Using stimulating elements for proprioception can render positive effects on the swimming technique in freestyle swimming and thus on athletes’ performance.
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Lee, Jung-Ho. "A study of therapeutic intervention methods to improve proprioception among hemiplegic stroke patients." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 9, no. 10 (October 2022): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.10.006.
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The present study uses proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulation (which can increase nerve plasticity by stimulating proprioception) and modified mirror therapy to provide feedback in order to investigate these treatments’ effects on upper-limb functions and daily living activities among stroke patients. The experimental group (n=15) underwent a mirror therapy program after PNF for 30 minutes three times weekly, for a total of 18 treatment sessions. Meanwhile, the control group (n=15) underwent only PNF treatment three times weekly for a total of 18 treatment sessions. Evaluations of participants’ paretic upper-limb functions and ability, as well as their daily living activities, were conducted using the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FMA), manual function test (MFT), motor activity log (MAL), and functional independence measure (FIM). The FMA, MFT, MAL, and FIM scores of the experimental group differed statistically significantly from those of the control group in terms of curative effects. Thus, the results of this study show that PNF and mirror therapy are effective interventions to improve upper-limb functions and activities, as well as the performance of daily living activities, among hemiplegic stroke patients.
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Mildren, Robyn L., and Leah R. Bent. "Vibrotactile stimulation of fast-adapting cutaneous afferents from the foot modulates proprioception at the ankle joint." Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 8 (April 15, 2016): 855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00810.2015.
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It has previously been shown that cutaneous sensory input from across a broad region of skin can influence proprioception at joints of the hand. The present experiment tested whether cutaneous input from different skin regions across the foot can influence proprioception at the ankle joint. The ability to passively match ankle joint position (17° and 7° plantar flexion and 7° dorsiflexion) was measured while cutaneous vibration was applied to the sole (heel, distal metatarsals) or dorsum of the target foot. Vibration was applied at two different frequencies to preferentially activate Meissner's corpuscles (45 Hz, 80 μm) or Pacinian corpuscles (255 Hz, 10 μm) at amplitudes ∼3 dB above mean perceptual thresholds. Results indicated that cutaneous input from all skin regions across the foot could influence joint-matching error and variability, although the strongest effects were observed with heel vibration. Furthermore, the influence of cutaneous input from each region was modulated by joint angle; in general, vibration had a limited effect on matching in dorsiflexion compared with matching in plantar flexion. Unlike previous results in the upper limb, we found no evidence that Pacinian input exerted a stronger influence on proprioception compared with Meissner input. Findings from this study suggest that fast-adapting cutaneous input from the foot modulates proprioception at the ankle joint in a passive joint-matching task. These results indicate that there is interplay between tactile and proprioceptive signals originating from the foot and ankle.
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Skandalis, Dimitri A., Elias T. Lunsford, and James C. Liao. "Corollary discharge enables proprioception from lateral line sensory feedback." PLOS Biology 19, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): e3001420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001420.
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Animals modulate sensory processing in concert with motor actions. Parallel copies of motor signals, called corollary discharge (CD), prepare the nervous system to process the mixture of externally and self-generated (reafferent) feedback that arises during locomotion. Commonly, CD in the peripheral nervous system cancels reafference to protect sensors and the central nervous system from being fatigued and overwhelmed by self-generated feedback. However, cancellation also limits the feedback that contributes to an animal’s awareness of its body position and motion within the environment, the sense of proprioception. We propose that, rather than cancellation, CD to the fish lateral line organ restructures reafference to maximize proprioceptive information content. Fishes’ undulatory body motions induce reafferent feedback that can encode the body’s instantaneous configuration with respect to fluid flows. We combined experimental and computational analyses of swimming biomechanics and hair cell physiology to develop a neuromechanical model of how fish can track peak body curvature, a key signature of axial undulatory locomotion. Without CD, this computation would be challenged by sensory adaptation, typified by decaying sensitivity and phase distortions with respect to an input stimulus. We find that CD interacts synergistically with sensor polarization to sharpen sensitivity along sensors’ preferred axes. The sharpening of sensitivity regulates spiking to a narrow interval coinciding with peak reafferent stimulation, which prevents adaptation and homogenizes the otherwise variable sensor output. Our integrative model reveals a vital role of CD for ensuring precise proprioceptive feedback during undulatory locomotion, which we term external proprioception.
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Blouin, J., J. L. Vercher, G. M. Gauthier, J. Paillard, C. Bard, and Y. Lamarre. "Perception of passive whole-body rotations in the absence of neck and body proprioception." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 5 (November 1, 1995): 2216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.2216.
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1. This study investigated whether accurate perception of body rotation after passive horizontal whole-body rotations in the dark requires the integration of both vestibular and neck-body proprioceptive signals. 2. In the first experiment, the gain of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) of normal subjects ("controls") and of a patient without proprioception of the neck and body muscles was assessed by the use of pulse and sinusoidal stimulation. In the second experiment, the subjects reported verbally the magnitude of the body rotations. Finally, in the third experiment, they shifted gaze to the position fixated before the rotation ("vestibular memory-contingent saccades" paradigm). 3. The VOR gain of the patient was similar to that of controls, although the body rotations of the patient were largely overestimated, regardless of whether the patient reported the perceived magnitude verbally or through a gaze shift toward the position gazed at before the rotation. 4. These results suggest that neck muscle proprioception contributes to the vestibular signal calibration at the perceptual level necessary for determining body orientation accurately after rotations in the dark.
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Aonuma, H., P. L. Newland, and T. Nagayama. "Processing of proprioceptive signals by ascending interneurones in the terminal abdominal ganglion of the crayfish." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 21 (November 1, 1999): 2975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.21.2975.
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Intersegmental interneurones are crucial for the appropriate coordination of the activity of local circuits located in different body segments. We have analysed the synaptic inputs to ascending intersegmental interneurones from a proprioceptor in the tailfan of the crayfish. Twenty identified interneurones responded during stimulation of the exopodite-endopodite chordotonal organ. Of these 20 interneurones, three were excited phaso-tonically, nine were excited phasically and eight were inhibited. All received convergent exteroceptive inputs from water-motion- or touch-sensitive hairs on the uropods. The effects of simultaneous exteroceptive and proprioceptive stimulation depended upon the identity of an interneurone. For interneurones that were inhibited by proprioceptive stimulation, suprathreshold exteroceptive responses were reduced to a subthreshold level by simultaneous proprioceptive stimulation. In contrast, for interneurones that were excited by proprioceptive stimulation, the simultaneous application of subthreshold proprioceptive and exteroceptive stimulation elicited action potentials. Two of the interneurones that receive proprioceptive input (NE-1 and RC-8) are known to be presynaptic to giant interneurones that mediate and coordinate the tail-flip. Many of the other interneurones that receive proprioceptive inputs in the tailfan are known to excite abdominal extensor motor neurones. Thus, proprioceptive input to these intersegmental interneurones could serve two roles: first, to extend the abdomen during postural movements or prior to escape and, second, to drive the tail-flip escape response.
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Risi, Nicoletta, Valay Shah, Leigh A. Mrotek, Maura Casadio, and Robert A. Scheidt. "Supplemental vibrotactile feedback of real-time limb position enhances precision of goal-directed reaching." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00337.2018.
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We examined vibrotactile stimulation as a form of supplemental limb state feedback to enhance planning and ongoing control of goal-directed movements. Subjects wore a two-dimensional vibrotactile display on their nondominant arm while performing horizontal planar reaching with the dominant arm. The vibrotactile display provided feedback of hand position such that small hand displacements were more easily discriminable using vibrotactile feedback than with intrinsic proprioceptive feedback. When subjects relied solely on proprioception to capture visuospatial targets, performance was degraded by proprioceptive drift and an expansion of task space. By contrast, reach accuracy was enhanced immediately when subjects were provided vibrotactile feedback and further improved over 2 days of training. Improvements reflected resolution of proprioceptive drift, which occurred only when vibrotactile feedback was active, demonstrating that benefits of vibrotactile feedback are due, in part to its integration into the ongoing control of movement. A partial resolution of task space expansion persisted even when vibrotactile feedback was inactive, demonstrating that training with vibrotactile feedback also induced changes in movement planning. However, the benefits of vibrotactile feedback come at a cognitive cost. All subjects adopted a stereotyped strategy wherein they attempted to capture targets by moving first along one axis of the vibrotactile display and then the other. For most subjects, this inefficient approach did not resolve over two bouts of training performed on separate days, suggesting that additional training is needed to integrate vibrotactile feedback into the planning and online control of goal-directed reaching in a way that promotes smooth and efficient movement. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A two-dimensional vibrotactile display provided state (not error) feedback to enhance control of a moving limb. Subjects learned to use state feedback to perform blind reaches with accuracy and precision exceeding that attained using intrinsic proprioception alone. Feedback utilization incurred substantial cognitive cost: subjects moved first along one axis of the vibrotactile display, then the other. This stereotyped control strategy must be overcome if vibrotactile limb state feedback is to promote naturalistic limb movements.
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Motyka, Paweł, Mert Akbal, and Piotr Litwin. "Forward optic flow is prioritised in visual awareness independently of walking direction." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): e0250905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250905.
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When two different images are presented separately to each eye, one experiences smooth transitions between them–a phenomenon called binocular rivalry. Previous studies have shown that exposure to signals from other senses can enhance the access of stimulation-congruent images to conscious perception. However, despite our ability to infer perceptual consequences from bodily movements, evidence that action can have an analogous influence on visual awareness is scarce and mainly limited to hand movements. Here, we investigated whether one’s direction of locomotion affects perceptual access to optic flow patterns during binocular rivalry. Participants walked forwards and backwards on a treadmill while viewing highly-realistic visualisations of self-motion in a virtual environment. We hypothesised that visualisations congruent with walking direction would predominate in visual awareness over incongruent ones, and that this effect would increase with the precision of one’s active proprioception. These predictions were not confirmed: optic flow consistent with forward locomotion was prioritised in visual awareness independently of walking direction and proprioceptive abilities. Our findings suggest the limited role of kinaesthetic-proprioceptive information in disambiguating visually perceived direction of self-motion and indicate that vision might be tuned to the (expanding) optic flow patterns prevalent in everyday life.
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Mortari, Ana Carolina, Juliany Gomes Quitzan, Claudia Valéria Seullner Brandão, and Sheila Canevese Rahal. "Sciatic Nerve Injection Palsy in a Dog: Electrodiagnostic Testing and Microsurgical Treatment." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46 (April 22, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.86738.
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Background: Iatrogenic damage to the ischiatic nerve is considered uncommon and may cause dysfunction with variable clinical signs dependent on type and severity of injury. Due to important role of this nerve in locomotion and weightbearing limb, a poor prognosis for recovery may be observed in many cases. Electromyography analysis may suggest the neuroanatomic localization, diagnosis information, and severity of lesion to determine better therapeutic intervention. Therefore, the aim of this report is to describe the possible cause, diagnosis and treatment of a postinjection ischiatic nerve injury in a dog with complete recovery.Case: A 3-year-old neutered male dachshund dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital due to inability to weight support in the right hind limb after diminazene diaceturate intramuscular injection. The gait evaluation showed dropped-hock and knuckling into the digits of the right hind limb and neurologic examination revealed moderate muscle atrophy below tofemorotibial joint of the right hind limb with sensory analgesia (superficial and deep) on the lateral, dorsal, and plantar surfaces, absent patellar reflex, and proprioceptive deficit. Electrophysiologic testing was done under general anesthesia in a 2-channel Nicolet Compass Meridian apparatus. Absence of compound muscle action potentials after right fibular and tibial nerve stimulations, and abnormal spontaneous activity in cranial tibial, gastrocnemius and deep digital extensor muscles were observed. A diagnosis of moderate/severe axonotmesis of sciatic nerve was achieved. Under microscope magnification, all adherent adjacent tissue and epineural sheat were removed. Due this, a small epineural window was created. On neurological examination performed 30 days after surgery, complete recovery of sensitivity of the right hind limb, and normal proprioception were observed. The muscle atrophy was also noted to have improved.Discussion: The ischiatic nerve mechanisms of injury include direct needle trauma, the drug or vehicle used for injection, or secondary constriction by scar, factors that may be associated to damage nerve observed in the present case. During a sciatic nerve injection, the combination of intrafascicular placement of a needle and high-pressure injection may cause severe fascicular damage and persistent neurologic deficits. In the present case, damage to the nerve probably was not caused bythe injection needle, but due to injection agent. Chemical irritation or toxic reaction to the agent may cause different degrees of nerve injury. The electrophysiologic testing is an important tool for determining alteration of function and integrity of the axonal motor unit. In the present report, the electrophysiologic testing showed denervation potentials in the musclesinnervated by the sciatic nerve (positive waves and fibrillation potentials), and the absence of compound muscle action potentials was indicative of severe axonal damage of the right ischiatic nerve. In human patients with postinjection ischiatic nerve injury, early surgical treatment with neurolysis or resection and anastomosis are the procedures recommended. In the present report, external neurolysis and epineural window were used showing excellent functional results. The epineural window was performed due to adherence of tissue and scar surrounding the nerve, permitting neural decompression.Keywords: axonotmesis, neurophysiology, neurolysis, dogs.
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Montero, J., Z. C. Thumser, F. Masiero, D. T. Beckler, F. Clemente, P. D. Marasco, and C. Cipriani. "The myokinetic stimulation interface: activation of proprioceptive neural responses with remotely actuated magnets implanted in rodent forelimb muscle." Journal of Neural Engineering 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 026048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac6537.
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Abstract Objective. Proprioception is the sense of one’s position, orientation, and movement in space, and it is of fundamental importance for motor control. When proprioception is impaired or absent, motor execution becomes error-prone, leading to poorly coordinated movements. The kinaesthetic illusion, which creates perceptions of limb movement in humans through non-invasively applying vibrations to muscles or tendons, provides an avenue for studying and restoring the sense of joint movement (kinaesthesia). This technique, however, leaves ambiguity between proprioceptive percepts that arise from muscles versus those that arise from skin receptors. Here we propose the concept of a stimulation system to activate kinaesthesia through the untethered application of localized vibration through implanted magnets. Approach. In this proof-of-concept study, we use two simplified one-DoF systems to show the feasibility of eliciting muscle-sensory responses in an animal model across multiple frequencies, including those that activate the kinaesthetic illusion (70–115 Hz). Furthermore, we generalized the concept by developing a five-DoF prototype system capable of generating directional, frequency-selective vibrations with desired displacement profiles. Main results. In-vivo tests with the one-DoF systems demonstrated the feasibility to elicit muscle sensory neural responses in the median nerve of an animal model. Instead, in-vitro tests with the five-DoF prototype demonstrated high accuracy in producing directional and frequency selective vibrations along different magnet axes. Significance. These results provide evidence for a new technique that interacts with the native neuro-muscular anatomy to study proprioception and eventually pave the way towards the development of advanced limb prostheses or assistive devices for the sensory impaired.
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Seizova-Cajic, T., and B. W. L. Sachtler. "Visual aftereffects of proprioceptive stimulation not due to proprioceptive adaptation." Journal of Vision 6, no. 6 (March 18, 2010): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/6.6.190.
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Goossens, Nina, Lotte Janssens, Madelon Pijnenburg, Karen Caeyenberghs, Charlotte Van Rompuy, Paul Meugens, Stefan Sunaert, and Simon Brumagne. "Test–Retest Reliability and Concurrent Validity of an fMRI-Compatible Pneumatic Vibrator to Stimulate Muscle Proprioceptors." Multisensory Research 29, no. 4-5 (2016): 465–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002526.
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Processing proprioceptive information in the brain is essential for optimal postural control and can be studied with proprioceptive stimulation, provided by muscle vibration, during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Classic electromagnetic muscle vibrators, however, cannot be used in the high-strength magnetic field of the fMRI scanner. Pneumatic vibrators offer an fMRI-compatible alternative. However, whether these devices produce reliable and valid proprioceptive stimuli has not been investigated, although this is essential for these devices to be used in longitudinal research. Test–retest reliability and concurrent validity of the postural response to muscle vibration, provided by custom-made fMRI-compatible pneumatic vibrators, were assessed in a repeated-measures design. Mean center of pressure (CoP) displacements during, respectively, ankle muscle and back muscle vibration (45–60 Hz, 0.5 mm) provided by an electromagnetic and a pneumatic vibrator were measured in ten young healthy subjects. The test was repeated on the same day and again within one week. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess (a) intra- and interday reliability of the postural responses to, respectively, pneumatic and electromagnetic vibration, and (b) concurrent validity of the response to pneumatic compared to electromagnetic vibration. Test–retest reliability of mean CoP displacements during pneumatic vibration was good to excellent (ICCs = 0.64–0.90) and resembled that of responses to electromagnetic vibration (ICCs = 0.64–0.94). Concurrent validity of the postural effect of pneumatic vibration was good to excellent (ICCs = 0.63–0.95). In conclusion, the proposed fMRI-compatible pneumatic vibrator can be used with confidence to stimulate muscle spindles during fMRI to study central processing of proprioception.
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Jecko, Vincent, Léa Garcia, Emilie Doat, Vincent Leconte, Dominique Liguoro, Jean-René Cazalets, and Etienne Guillaud. "Vestibulospinal reflexes elicited with a tone burst method are dependent on spatial orientation." PeerJ 12 (February 27, 2024): e17056. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17056.
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Balance involves several sensory modalities including vision, proprioception and the vestibular system. This study aims to investigate vestibulospinal activation elicited by tone burst stimulation in various muscles and how head position influences these responses. We recorded electromyogram (EMG) responses in different muscles (sternocleidomastoid-SCM, cervical erector spinae-ES-C, lumbar erector spinae-ES-L, gastrocnemius-G, and tibialis anterior-TA) of healthy participants using tone burst stimulation applied to the vestibular system. We also evaluated how head position affected the responses. Tone burst stimulation elicited reproducible vestibulospinal reflexes in the SCM and ES-C muscles, while responses in the distal muscles (ES-L, G, and TA) were less consistent among participants. The magnitude and polarity of the responses were influenced by the head position relative to the cervical spine. When the head was rotated or tilted, the polarity of the vestibulospinal responses changed, indicating the integration of vestibular and proprioceptive inputs in generating these reflexes. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the complexity of vestibulospinal reflexes and their modulation by head position. However, the high variability in responses in some muscles limits their clinical application. These findings may have implications for future research in understanding vestibular function and its role in posture and movement control.
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Kantchev, David, Gergana Nenova, Mina Ivelinova, Nadya Manova, and Konstantin Dobrev. "SENSORIMOTOR STIMULATION AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 30, no. 2 (June 26, 2024): 5593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2024302.5593.
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Introduction: postural balance is a concept that refers to the body's ability to maintain its center of gravity while relying on a support area. Purpose: to develop and implement a combined physiotherapy programme with sensorimotor exercises and to monitor its effectiveness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Material and methods: Material: 15 men (mean age 25.16) were observed after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. They underwent a physiotherapy programme combined with additional exercises for sensorimotor stimulation. The sensorimotor stimulation exercises were specifically tailored to overcome muscle imbalance and pathological proprioceptive information from the operated knee joint. Methods: Functional methods include lower extremity centimetry, range of motion in the knee joint, manual muscle testing, static and dynamic balance tests, and postural control tests. Statistical methods: statistical data grouping; Cronbach's test; descriptive method; statistical hypotheses testing; correlation analysis. The data was processed with SPSS v.24.0 for Windows. Results: according to the literature, the main cause of impaired proprioception and mechanoreception is the loss of mechanoreceptive afferency due to tissue damage in the knee joint. This requires an income of sensory information from neighboring healthy structures. The inclusion of sensorimotor exercises helps build new motor skills, activity, and regulation that require peripheral stimuli. The results from the static and dynamic portions of the test show the possibility of restoring impaired sensorimotor information. Conclusion: the combination of classic physiotherapy and sensorimotor stimulation influences the support and motor function of the lower extremities.
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Jöbges, E. M., J. Elek, J. D. Rollnik, R. Dengler, and W. Wolf. "Vibratory proprioceptive stimulation affects Parkinsonian tremor." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 8, no. 3 (January 2002): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8020(01)00016-5.
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Marotta, Nicola, Lucrezia Moggio, Dario Calafiore, Emanuele Prestifilippo, Riccardo Spanó, Anna Tasselli, Vera Drago Ferrante, Marco Invernizzi, Alessandro de Sire, and Antonio Ammendolia. "Efficacy of Proprioceptive Training on Plantar Pressure and Jump Performance in Volleyball Players: A Proof-of-Principle Study." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041906.
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Volleyball players are often subject to micro-traumatisms of the heel fat pad and ankle injuries. Recently, mat-based proprioceptive training has assumed a key role in recovery from these disorders. Therefore, this proof-of-principle study aimed to assess the efficacy of proprioceptive mat training on plantar pressures and athletic performance in volleyball players. The participants included adult semi-professional volleyball players allocated into two groups: an experimental group, with mat-based proprioceptive and balance training, and a control group, with a sham protocol. For the outcome, we evaluated the barefoot plantar pressure, performing an analysis on a baropodometric resistive platform. The countermovement jump and squat jump were measured using an inertial measurement unit. Nineteen subjects were included in the two groups: the active proprioceptive group (n = 10) or the control group (n = 9). The results show a more uniform redistribution of loads with pressure hindfoot relief in the experimental group compared to the control group (p = 0.021, RBC = 0.67). Moreover, we observed a significant increase in peak landing force and high concentric power development in the experimental group compared to the controls. Focused proprioceptive management provided hindfoot load attenuation by stimulating higher peaks of concentric force in the experimental group compared to the sham group. Even though the study included a small sample, the results obtained in this proof-of-principle study suggest a positive role of proprioceptive stimulation in the inter-seasonal scenario for volleyball players to improve their jump performance and reduce the micro-traumatisms of the heel fat pad and the ankle injury rate. However, further studies performed on larger samples are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
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Divnych, Yuliia, Mariia Alina Yovzhii, Liliia Tverdokhlib, Fedyniak Maksym, Maksymchuk Arsen, Uluana Kuz, and Vadym Sulyma. "Is Proprioceptive Training Effective During the Acute Rehabilitation Period of Danis-Weber Type B Ankle Fractures?" Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 26, no. 4 (August 31, 2024): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.8379.
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Backgrounds. Ankle fractures of Danis-Weber type B represent common lower limb injuries. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of standard physical therapy and proprioception training during the acute rehabilitation period.Materials and methods. The study group comprised 38 patients with Danis-Weber type B ankle fractures during the acute rehabilitation period in 2022-2023. All patients underwent surgery and were randomized into: Group I (18 patients), who received a rehabilitation program that included standard physiotherapy and proprioceptive exercises, and Group II (20 patients), who received a rehabilitation program of standard physiotherapy only.Results. Before the start of rehabilitation, AOFAS scores were 33.910.4 in Group I and 21.38.9 in Group II. At the end of the study, scores were 67.626.1 and 38.57.8, respectively. In contrast, the FADI scores were almost identical at beginning (11.62.4 vs. 11.452.4). At the end of the study, there was a small but significant improvement in Group II, with scores of 37.05.4 compared to 32.55.4 in Group I. The barotensometric indicators at the beginning of the intervention were not significantly different between the groups.Conclusions. 1. Incorporating proprioception stimulation training during the acute rehabilitation period may offer some advantages in enhancing ankle and foot function following a Danis-Weber type B ankle fracture. 2. It may be beneficial to perform prolonged monitoring to develop an evidence-based approach to rehabilitation strategy after ankle fractures.
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Thalhammer, J. G., M. Vladimirova, B. Bershadsky, and G. R. Strichartz. "Neurologic Evaluation of the Rat during Sciatic Nerve Block with Lidocaine." Anesthesiology 82, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 1013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199504000-00026.
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Background Quantitative behavioral testing is necessary to establish a reproducible measure of differential functional blockade during regional anesthesia. Methods for assessment of the neurologic status (mental status, posture, gait, proprioception, motor function, autonomic function, and nociception) in veterinary neurology were adapted for the rat and used to monitor functional changes separately during a sciatic nerve block. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were acclimated to laboratory routine before the study so that lidocaine (0.1 ml, 1%) could be injected near the sciatic notch without any chemical restraint. The onset, duration, and magnitude of functional losses were monitored. Proprioceptive integrity was evaluated by assessing the response to tactile placing and the hopping response. Extensor postural thrust, a test for postural reactions in small animals, was assessed on a digital balance and found adequate for quantifying motor function. Analgesia was assessed by measuring withdrawal response latencies to noxious thermal stimulation (51 degrees C) and to superficial and deep noxious pinches. Autonomic function was monitored by measuring skin temperature. Contralateral limb function was used as an internal control, and injection of saline was used as an external control in separate, control animals. Results Onset of postural and gait abnormalities were observed as early as 40 s after injection. On each occasion proprioceptive impairment was detected first, followed by impairment of motor function and nociception. Complete absence of proprioception occurred from 10 to 30 min (n = 9) and of motor function at 30 min after injection (n = 10); both functions were fully recovered by 120 min. A unilateral increase in skin temperature on the foot was detected by 1 min; had reached its maximum change, 5.3 +/- 0.7 degrees C, at 10 min; and had returned to control levels at 60 min after injection (n = 12). Withdrawal response to cutaneous or superficial pain was absent in all ten animals from 5 to 30 min whereas the response to deep pain was absent in all ten animals at 20 min only. The response to noxious stimulation recovered at 90 min. Attention was paid to the temporal relation of the impairment of various functions. Conclusions Quantitative observations of the onset, offset, and intensity of differential functional impairment or block over time will make it possible to establish the doses and conditions for local anesthetics that result in differential nerve block and will permit comparison of these changes among different drugs and "clinical" protocols.
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Gellman, R., A. R. Gibson, and J. C. Houk. "Inferior olivary neurons in the awake cat: detection of contact and passive body displacement." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.1.40.
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We have recorded from 306 neurons in the inferior olive of six alert cats. Most of the cats were trained to perform a simple task with the forelimb. We observed the neural responses to a wide variety of cutaneous and proprioceptive stimuli, as well as responses during spontaneous and learned active movements. Neurons responsive to somatosensory stimulation were found in all parts of the inferior olive, and they were roughly evenly divided between those responsive to cutaneous stimulation and those responsive to proprioceptive stimulation. In the dorsal accessory olive all neurons were responsive to somatosensory stimulation. In the medial accessory nucleus 88% and in the principal olive 74% of cells were responsive to somatosensory stimulation. Cells responsive to cutaneous stimulation usually had small receptive fields, commonly on the paw. These cells had low-threshold responses to one or more forms of cutaneous stimulation and typically fired one spike at the onset of the stimulus on 80% or more of stimulus applications. Cells responsive to proprioceptive stimulation most commonly responded to passive displacements of a limb. These cells were often very sensitive, responding to linear displacements of less than 1 cm in one specific direction. No cells in our sample responded reliably during active movement by the animal. Only 21% of cells responding to passive proprioceptive stimulation showed any modulation during active movement, and the modulation was weak. Likewise, cells responsive to cutaneous stimulation generally failed to respond when a similar stimulus was produced by an active movement by the animal. Exceptions to this were stimuli produced during exploratory movements or when the receptive field unexpectedly made contact with an object during active movement. Electrical stimulation applied in the inferior olive failed to evoke movements or to modify ongoing movement. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that inferior olivary neurons function as somatic event detectors responding particularly reliably to unexpected stimuli.
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Magnusson, M., G. Andersson, S. Gomez, R. Johansson, A. Mårtensson, M. Karlberg, and P. A. Fransson. "Cervical muscle afferents play a dominant role over vestibular afferents during bilateral vibration of neck muscles." Journal of Vestibular Research 16, no. 3 (November 1, 2006): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2006-16305.
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A previous study showed that vibratory stimulation of neck muscles in humans induced short-latency electromyographic (EMG) activation of lower leg muscles, producing postural reactions at the feet. These findings indicated that cervical proprioception contributes to stabilization of stance through rapidly integrated pathways. However, as vibration may excite both proprioceptive and vestibular afferents, and because of the proximity of neck muscles to the vestibular apparatus, neck muscle vibration could also have activated the vestibular system thereby contributing to the effect observed. To investigate any possible contribution of vestibular stimulation, vibratory stimuli were applied bilaterally and separately to the splenius muscles of the neck and the planum mastoideum overlying the vestibular organs. Ten normal subjects, with eyes closed, were exposed to vibratory stimulation of two different amplitudes and frequencies. Responses were assessed by EMG activity recorded from tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles of both legs and by changes in center of pressure as measured by a force platform. Results indicated that vibration induced reproducible EMG and postural responses in the anteroposterior direction, particularly on cessation of vibration. EMG and postural responses were considerably lower and less consistent with mastoid vibration compared with neck muscles vibration. Previous reports suggest that vibratory stimulation could propagate to the vestibular organs and generate a vestibular-induced postural activation. However, our findings indicate that cervical muscles afferents play a dominant role over vestibular afferents when vibration is directed towards the neck muscles.
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Alahmari, Khalid A., Paul Silvian, Irshad Ahmad, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Jaya Shanker Tedla, Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi, and Kanagaraj Rengaramanujam. "Effectiveness of Low-Frequency Stimulation in Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques for Post Ankle Sprain Balance and Proprioception in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial." BioMed Research International 2020 (September 24, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9012930.
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Stretching is an important part of post ankle sprain rehabilitation, as well as an effective exercise for improving general ankle-joint performance. But the combination of stretching alongside low-frequency stimulation has not yet been extensively studied. Therefore, the purpose of the present randomized controlled trial was to compare the combined effects of low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on strength, balance, and proprioception among individuals with post ankle sprain. Sixty male subjects with lateral ankle sprain were selected and randomly allocated to three groups: group 1, group 2, and the control group (CG). Subjects in group 1 received the PNF stretching technique combined with TENS. TENS stimulation was provided using two electrodes placed 5 cm apart directly on the triceps sural muscle of the affected leg and a biphasic current with a symmetrical waveform at 50 Hz for 15 seconds, tuned for a 3-second ramp up time and a 30-second rest time with a 250-microsecond pulse duration was given with PNF stretching. Subjects in group 2 received the PNF stretching technique alone. Both group 1 and group 2 received these treatments for 4 weeks (4 days/week); follow-up assessments were administered in the third and fifth weeks. CG received no treatment; outcome measures alone were assessed. Outcome measures comprised pain, balance, flexibility, proprioception, range of motion, muscle strength, and functional limitation. A mixed-model ANOVA showed significant interaction (time and group) and the time effect for all the outcome measures (p≤0.05). Group 1 (PNF-TENS) showed significant improvement for all the outcome variables compared to the other groups. The present study showed PNF stretching combined with TENS for the triceps sural muscle to trigger muscle contraction during the muscle contraction phase of the PNF stretch, compared against PNF stretching alone, produced significant improvements in ankle function for post ankle sprain subjects.
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Karam, Emely Z., Thomas R. Hedges, III, and Alvaro Sanabria. "Paroxysmal Tonic Upgaze Associated With Proprioceptive Stimulation." Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 40, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0191-3913-20030501-17.
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D’Anna, Edoardo, Giacomo Valle, Alberto Mazzoni, Ivo Strauss, Francesco Iberite, Jérémy Patton, Francesco M. Petrini, et al. "A closed-loop hand prosthesis with simultaneous intraneural tactile and position feedback." Science Robotics 4, no. 27 (February 20, 2019): eaau8892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aau8892.
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Current myoelectric prostheses allow transradial amputees to regain voluntary motor control of their artificial limb by exploiting residual muscle function in the forearm. However, the overreliance on visual cues resulting from a lack of sensory feedback is a common complaint. Recently, several groups have provided tactile feedback in upper limb amputees using implanted electrodes, surface nerve stimulation, or sensory substitution. These approaches have led to improved function and prosthesis embodiment. Nevertheless, the provided information remains limited to a subset of the rich sensory cues available to healthy individuals. More specifically, proprioception, the sense of limb position and movement, is predominantly absent from current systems. Here, we show that sensory substitution based on intraneural stimulation can deliver position feedback in real time and in conjunction with somatotopic tactile feedback. This approach allowed two transradial amputees to regain high and close-to-natural remapped proprioceptive acuity, with a median joint angle reproduction precision of 9.1° and a median threshold to detection of passive movements of 9.5°, which was comparable with results obtained in healthy participants. The simultaneous delivery of position information and somatotopic tactile feedback allowed both amputees to discriminate the size and compliance of four objects with high levels of performance (75.5%). These results demonstrate that tactile information delivered via somatotopic neural stimulation and position information delivered via sensory substitution can be exploited simultaneously and efficiently by transradial amputees. This study paves a way to more sophisticated bidirectional bionic limbs conveying richer, multimodal sensations.
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Shvarkov, S. B., E. U. Titova, Z. M. Mizieva, O. S. Matveeva, and A. N. Bobrovskaya. "APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED PROPRIOCEPTIVE CORRECTION IN MOTOR RECOVERY IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE." Journal of Clinical Practice 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract233-8.
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We assessed the application of the proprioceptive correction method supporting stimulating foot massage "PIONt" and pull-suit "Regent" in medical rehabilitation of patients underwent spinal or cerebral strokes. The analysis of the neurological deficiency dynamics was performed; effectiveness of the neuro-rehabilitation predictors and mechanisms of proprioceptive correction method action were discussed. The significance of proprioceptive correction methods in a comprehensive restoration of neurologic function in stroke patients was shown.
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Radaković, Radivoje, Aleksandar Peulić, Slobodan Kovač, and Nenad Filipović. "Electromyography detection of muscle response in musculus quadriceps femoris of elite volleyball players on different training stimuli." Fizicko vaspitanje i sport kroz vekove 10, no. 2 (2023): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spes2302093r.
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The aim of this research was the detection of bioelectric potential i, generated in the muscle cells of volleyball players and muscle stimulation, using the electromyography method, during different training stimuli. A set of variables was applied for EMG measurement: measuring bioelectrical activity prior to any training stimulus, measuring after the coordination exercises (athletic - coordination and SAQ exercises, measuring after the proprioception exercises (balance maintaining at the profiboard for 1 minute) and measuring after a thrust at the leg press and a half squat in the maximum strain regime. The study was conducted with 16 players from Serbia National Volleyball Team, Champion of Europe. For the results analysis at the multivariate level, we used the discriminant descriptive data analysis method. After the results analysis, which shows the differences of the measurement values before and after the stimuli and after the proprioception variables at the multivariate level, it can be stated that there are statistically significant differences (p= 0.018311). The conclusion is that the coordination exercises do not produce the acute effect of increasing the muscle bioelectrical activity, Power and strength exercises created statistically significant change in the bioelectrical activity and as such they justify their role in the warming phase, i.e. the preparation of the neuromusculature apparatus for the work with the additional load (weights) in the specific conditions and the requirements of the training process of the elite volleyball players. Proprioceptive exercises created statistically significant difference in the bioelectrical activity, which primarily justifies their preventive and rehabilitative role in the training process and specifically programmed exercise.
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Vargas, Luis, He (Helen) Huang, Yong Zhu, and Xiaogang Hu. "Static and dynamic proprioceptive recognition through vibrotactile stimulation." Journal of Neural Engineering 18, no. 4 (July 2, 2021): 046093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac0d43.
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