Relevant bibliographies by topics / Proprioceptive stimulations

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Academic literature on the topic 'Proprioceptive stimulations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Proprioceptive stimulations"

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Dankerl, Peter, Andrea Kerstin Keller, Lothar Häberle, Thomas Stumptner, Gregor Pfaff, Michael Uder, and Raimund Forst. "Effects on posture by different neuromuscular afferent stimulations and proprioceptive insoles: Rasterstereographic evaluation." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 40, no. 3 (October 31, 2014): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364614554031.

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Background: Proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulating insoles are increasingly applied in treating functional complaints, chronic pain, foot disorders and so on. Objectives: To evaluate rasterstereography as a tool in objectifying postural changes resulting from neuromuscular afferent stimulation and proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulating insoles and to compare the respective effects on posture. Study design: This is a prospective experimental study. Methods: A total of 27 healthy volunteers were consecutively exposed to six different varying intense neuromuscular afferent stimulating test conditions at three different times. One test condition featured proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulating insoles. In each test condition, a sequence of 12 rasterstereographic recordings of back shape was documented. Changes between six different test conditions and over time for 14 posture characterising parameters were investigated, for example, trunk inclination, pelvic torsion, lateral deviation of the spine’s amplitude or sagittal spinal curve. Results: Standard deviation of our rasterstereographic measurements (±2.67 mm) was better than in most comparable reference values. Different neuromuscular stimuli were found to provoke significant changes to various posture parameters, including trunk inclination, pelvic torsion and so on ( each p < 0.001, F-tests). Proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulating insoles induced significant changes for parameter lateral deviation of the spine’s amplitude (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Neuromuscular afferent stimulation and proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulating insoles induce postural changes, which can be detected reliably by rasterstereography. Clinical relevance We demonstrated that rasterstereography – a radiation-free imaging modality – enables visualisation and documentation of subtle postural changes induced by varying intense neuromuscular afferent stimulation and the application of proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulating insoles.
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Ito, Tadashi, Yoshihito Sakai, Yohei Ito, Kazunori Yamazaki, and Yoshifumi Morita. "Association Between Back Muscle Strength and Proprioception or Mechanoreceptor Control Strategy in Postural Balance in Elderly Adults with Lumbar Spondylosis." Healthcare 8, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010058.

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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between back muscle strength and proprioception or mechanoreceptor control strategies used for postural balance in elderly adults with lumbar spondylosis. The displacement of the center of pressure (COP) excursion was determined in 24 elderly adults with lumbar spondylosis and 24 healthy young adults while the participants were standing upright on a balance board with their eyes closed. Vibratory stimulations of 30, 60, and 240 Hz were applied to the gastrocnemius (GS) and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscles to evaluate the effect of different proprioceptive signals on postural control. Back muscle strength was evaluated. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between back muscle strength and significant COP excursion. Compared with young adults, elderly adults with lumbar spondylosis showed an increase in COP excursion displacement when a vibratory stimulation of 240 Hz was applied to the GS (P = 0.002) and LM muscles (P < 0.001). LM stimulation at 240 Hz was significantly associated with back muscle strength (P = 0.038). Postural control assessment with 240-Hz mechanoreceptor stimulation of the trunk could be a good indicator of postural instability due to over-dependence on mechanoreceptors and back muscle weakness in elderly adults with lumbar spondylosis.
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Ito, Tadashi, Yoshihito Sakai, Kazunori Yamazaki, Reiya Nishio, Yohei Ito, and Yoshifumi Morita. "Postural Strategy in Elderly, Middle-Aged, and Young People during Local Vibratory Stimulation for Proprioceptive Inputs." Geriatrics 3, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics3040093.

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Proprioceptive input may greatly affect postural stability. However, the proprioceptive postural strategy in elderly, middle-aged, and young people has not been investigated sufficiently. Hence, in this study, we aimed to investigate differences in proprioceptive postural strategies of elderly, middle-aged, and young people. The center of pressure displacement was determined in 23 elderly, 23 middle-aged, and 23 young people during upright stance on a balance board with their eyes closed. Vibratory stimulations at 30, 60, and 240 Hz were applied to the lumbar multifidus (LM) and gastrocnemius (GS) muscles to evaluate the contributions of different proprioceptive signals used in balance control. Compared with middle-aged and young people, elderly people showed a high dependence on postural control of the GS at 30 Hz (p-values: Young and elderly: 0.033; middle-aged and elderly: 0.001). Moreover, compared with young people, elderly people were more dependent on postural control of the LM at 240 Hz (p = 0.016). There were no significant differences with respect to the GS at 60 and 240 Hz, and with respect to the LM at 30 and 60 Hz between the elderly, young, and middle-aged people. Thus, the postural control strategy of elderly people depends on the GS at 30 Hz.
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Carel, Christophe, Isabelle Loubinoux, Kader Boulanouar, Claude Manelfe, Olivier Rascol, Pierre Celsis, and François Chollet. "Neural Substrate for the Effects of Passive Training on Sensorimotor Cortical Representation: A Study with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Healthy Subjects." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 20, no. 3 (March 2000): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200003000-00006.

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Repetitive passive movements are part of most rehabilitation procedures, especially in patients with stroke and motor deficit. However, little is known about the consequences of repeated proprioceptive stimulations on the intracerebral sensorimotor network in humans. Twelve healthy subjects were enrolled, and all underwent two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions separated by a 1-month interval. Passive daily movement training was performed in six subjects during the time between the two fMRI sessions. The other six subjects had no training and were considered as the control group. The task used during fMRI was calibrated repetitive passive flexion-extension of the wrist similar to those performed during training. The control task was rest. The data were analyzed with SPM96 software. Images were realigned, smoothed, and put into Talairach's neuroanatomical space. The time effect from the repetition of the task was assessed in the control group by comparing activation versus rest in the second session with activation versus rest in the first session. This time effect then was used as null hypothesis to assess the training effect alone in our trained group. Passive movements compared with rest showed activation of most of the cortical areas involved in motor control (i.e., contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area [SMA], cingulum, Brodmann area 40, ipsilateral cerebellum). Time effect comparison showed a decreased activity of the primary sensorimotor cortex and SMA and an increased activity of ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere, compatible with a habituation effect. Training brought about an increased activity of contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex and SMA. A redistribution of SMA activity was observed. The authors demonstrated that passive training with repeated proprioceptive stimulation induces a reorganization of sensorimotor representation in healthy subjects. These changes take place in cortical areas involved in motor preparation and motor execution and represent the neural basis of proprioceptive training, which might benefit patients undergoing rehabilitative procedures.
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Zwoliński, Tomasz, Magdalena Wujtewicz, Jolanta Szamotulska, Tomasz Sinoracki, Piotr Wąż, Rita Hansdorfer-Korzon, Andrzej Basiński, and Rik Gosselink. "Feasibility of Chest Wall and Diaphragm Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Techniques in Mechanically Ventilated Patients." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020960.

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Physical therapy is part of the treatment for patients admitted to ICU. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is one of the physiotherapy concepts including manual techniques and verbal stimulation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility of PNF techniques in mechanically ventilated (MV) ICU patients. Another aim is to verify whether the technique using resistance during the patient’s inhalation will have a different effect than the technique used to teaching the correct breathing patterns. Methods: Patients admitted to tertiary ICU were enrolled in this study, randomly divided into two groups, and received four 90-second manual breathing stimulations each. The following vital signs were assessed: HR, SBP, DBP, and SpO2. Results: 61 MV ICU adult patients (mean age 67.8; 25 female and 36 male) were enrolled in this study. No significant differences in HR, SBP, and DBP were observed both for two techniques measured separately and between them. Statistically significant differences were noticed analysing SpO2 in the rhythmic initiation technique (RIT) group (p-value = 0.013). Conclusions: Short-term PNF interventions did not influence clinically relevant vital parameters among MV patients and seem to be feasible in this group of ICU patients.
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Nishio, Ito, Morita, Ito, Yamazaki, and Sakai. "Investigation of the Functional Decline in Proprioceptors for Low Back Pain Using the Sweep Frequency Method." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9234988.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional decline in proprioceptors in patients with low back pain (LBP) by evaluating the entire range of response frequencies of proprioceptors. In previous studies, the function of proprioceptors was only evaluated by single frequency vibrations. However, because it is assumed that individual differences exist in response frequencies of proprioceptors, we developed a method using vibration with sweep frequency covering the entire range of response frequencies of proprioceptors. The center of pressure was determined in 35 elderly patients with non-specific LBP (NSLBP) and 28 elderly individuals with non-LBP (NLBP) during upright stances on a balance board without vision. Local vibratory stimulations to lower leg or trunk muscles were continuously varied between 27 and 272 Hz over 60 s to evaluate the proprioceptive predominance of a body location using the relative proprioceptive weighting ratio (RPW). Compared with the NLBP group, the NSLBP group exhibited a lower RPW value for the Vater-Pacini corpuscles. Thus, the NSLBP group relied more on the input of Vater-Pacini corpuscles in the trunk. A reduction in lower leg sensitivity at the Vater-Pacini corpuscles in the NSLBP group was observed.
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Hapuarachchi, Harin, Takayoshi Hagiwara, Gowrishankar Ganesh, and Michiteru Kitazaki. "Effect of connection induced upper body movements on embodiment towards a limb controlled by another during virtual co-embodiment." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): e0278022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278022.

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Even if we cannot control them, or when we receive no tactile or proprioceptive feedback from them, limbs attached to our bodies can still provide indirect proprioceptive and haptic stimulations to the body parts they are attached to simply due to the physical connections. In this study we investigated whether such indirect movement and haptic feedbacks from a limb contribute to a feeling of embodiment towards it. To investigate this issue, we developed a ’Joint Avatar’ setup in which two individuals were given full control over the limbs in different sides (left and right) of an avatar during a reaching task. The backs of the two individuals were connected with a pair of solid braces through which they could exchange forces and match the upper body postures with one another. Coupled with the first-person view, this simulated an experience of the upper body being synchronously dragged by the partner-controlled virtual arm when it moved. We observed that this passive synchronized upper-body movement significantly reduced the feeling of the partner-controlled limb being owned or controlled by another. In summary, our results suggest that even in total absence of control, connection induced upper body movements synchronized with the visible limb movements can positively affect the sense of embodiment towards partner-controlled or autonomous limbs.
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Sozzi, Stefania, Antonio Nardone, Oscar Crisafulli, and Marco Schieppati. "Podokinetic After-Rotation Is Transiently Enhanced or Reversed by Unilateral Axial Muscle Proprioceptive Stimulation." Neural Plasticity 2019 (March 11, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7129279.

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Unilateral axial muscle vibration, eliciting a proprioceptive volley, is known to incite steering behavior. Whole-body rotation while stepping in place also occurs as an after-effect of stepping on a circular treadmill (podokinetic after-rotation, PKAR). Here, we tested the hypothesis that PKAR is modulated by axial muscle vibration. If both phenomena operate through a common pathway, enhancement or cancellation of body rotation would occur depending on the stimulated side when vibration is administered concurrently with PKAR. Seventeen subjects participated in the study. In one session, subjects stepped in place eyes open on the center of a platform that rotated counterclockwise 60°/s for 10 min. When the platform stopped, subjects continued stepping in place blindfolded. In other session, a vibratory stimulus (100 Hz, 2 min) was administered to right or left paravertebral muscles at lumbar level at two intervals during the PKAR. We computed angular body velocity and foot step angles from markers fixed to shoulders and feet. During PKAR, all subjects rotated clockwise. Decreased angular velocity was induced by right vibration. Conversely, when vibration was administered to the left, clockwise rotation velocity increased. The combined effect on body rotation depended on the time at which vibration was administered during PKAR. Under all conditions, foot step angle was coherent with shoulder angular velocity. PKAR results from continuous asymmetric input from the muscles producing leg rotation, while axial muscle vibration elicits a proprioceptive asymmetric input. Both conditioning procedures appear to produce their effects through a common mechanism. We suggest that both stimulations would affect our straight ahead by combining their effects in an algebraic mode.
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Padilla-Castañeda, Miguel A., Antonio Frisoli, Silvia Pabon, and Massimo Bergamasco. "The Modulation of Ownership and Agency in the Virtual Hand Illusion under Visuotactile and Visuomotor Sensory Feedback." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 23, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00181.

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It is well known by the virtual hand illusion (VHI) that simultaneous and synchronous visuotactile sensory feedback within a virtual environment elicits the feeling of ownership of a virtual hand, by observing for some seconds in a scene a virtual hand being touched while at the same time receiving tactile stimulation on the real hand in the corresponding positions. In this paper, we investigate possible modulations in the feeling of ownership (sensation of owning a virtual hand) and of agency (sensation of owning virtual movements and actions) according to whether or not the participant's own motor acts (1) induce coherent self-activated visuotactile sensory stimulations; and (2) generate plausible consequences in the simulated environment. For this purpose, we elicited the VHI within a group of participants through a cross-modal integration of visuo-tactile sensory stimulations within a dynamic and physically plausible immersive virtual environment, where they were able to perform natural tasks in both passive and active agency conditions. Our results indicate that both feelings of ownership and agency can be achieved in immersive virtual environments, when the subject is realistically interacting and performing natural upper limb movements. We did not observe any significant difference in the VHI in terms of ownership and agency between the active and passive conditions, but we observed that a physically incongruent simulated interaction with the virtual world can lead to a significant disruption of ownership. Moreover, in the passive agency condition, a plausible physical behavior of the virtual hand was sufficient to elicit a partially complete sense of ownership, if measured in terms of proprioceptive drift, even in the presence of an asynchronous visuotactile sensory feedback. All these findings suggest that the multisensory feedback associated with a subject's own actions and the physical plausibility of the environment both act as determinant factors, influencing and modulating the vividness of the VHI.
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Vallar, Giuseppe. "Spatial frames of reference and somatosensory processing: a neuropsychological perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1360 (October 29, 1997): 1401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0126.

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In patients with lesions in the right hemisphere, frequently involving the posterior parietal regions, left–sided somatosensory (and visual and motor) deficits not only reflect a disorder of primary sensory processes, but also have a higher–order component related to a defective spatial representation of the body. This additional factor, related to right brain damage, is clinically relevant: contralesional hemianaesthesia (and hemianopia and hemiplegia) is more frequent in right brain–damaged patients than in patients with damage to the left side of the brain. Three main lines of investigation suggest the existence of this higher–order pathological factor. (i) Right brain–damaged patients with left hemineglect may show physiological evidence of preserved processing of somatosensory stimuli, of which they are not aware. Similar results have been obtained in the visual domain. (ii) Direction–specific vestibular, visual optokinetic and somatosensory or proprioceptive stimulations may displace spatial frames of reference in right brain–damaged patients with left hemineglect, reducing or increasing the extent of the patients’ ipsilesional rightward directional error, and bring about similar directional effects in normal subjects. These stimulations, which may improve or worsen a number of manifestations of the neglect syndrome (such as extrapersonal and personal hemineglect), have similar effects on the severity of left somatosensory deficits (defective detection of tactile stimuli, position sense disorders). However, visuospatial hemineglect and the somatosensory deficits improved by these stimulations are independent, albeit related, disorders. (iii) The severity of left somatosensory deficits is affected by the spatial position of body segments, with reference to the midsagittal plane of the trunk. A general implication of these observations is that spatial (non–somatotopic) levels of representation contribute to corporeal awareness. The neural basis of these spatial frames includes the posterior parietal and the premotor frontal regions. These spatial representations could provide perceptual–premotor interfaces for the organization of movements (e.g. pointing, locomotion) directed towards targets in personal and extrapersonal space. In line with this view, there is evidence that the sensory stimulations that modulate left somatosensory deficits affect left motor disorders in a similar, direction–specific, fashion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Proprioceptive stimulations"

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Martinache, Florence. "Faisabilité, sûreté et efficacité des stimulations proprioceptives fonctionnelles précoces en neuroréanimation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASW011.

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Un séjour en réanimation a des conséquences délétères sur l'organisme, tant sur le plan physique que psychique. Évidemment indispensable pour écarter le risque vital, la réanimation entraîne, en plus de l'effort de l'organisme pour se défendre de la pathologie initiale, un alitement prolongé obligatoire. Ces deux impératifs, effort métabolique et alitement prolongé, sont à l'origine de séquelles parfois très lourdes, parfois irréversibles. Pour les patients neurolésés, ces effets délétères s'ajoutent à ceux de la lésion neurologique initiale. Alors qu'une rééducation précoce est maintenant recommandée à la fois pour les patients de réanimation et pour les patients neurolésés, les modalités les plus efficaces pour l'entreprendre restent encore floues.Cette thèse a pour objectif d'évaluer la faisabilité, la sécurité et l'efficacité de l'administration précoce, dès que possible en réanimation, de stimulations proprioceptives fonctionnelles sur des patients neurolésés. Ce moyen de rééducation s'appuie sur l'utilisation de vibrations tendineuses périphériques capables de stimuler les circuits neuronaux du système nerveux central, aux niveaux médullaire et cérébral. Deux études cliniques contrôlées randomisées ont été menées dans le cadre de cette thèse sur trois populations neurolésées de réanimation : les patients blessés médullaires, les patients traumatisés crâniens sévères et les patients neuro-vasculaires aigus. Ces travaux ont permis de montrer que l'administration précoce des stimulations proprioceptives fonctionnelles est sûre et faisable dès les premiers stades du séjour dans toutes les situations graves de réanimation. Si elles semblent ne pas éviter la fonte musculaire, ces stimulations apparaissent avoir un effet favorable sur la spasticité à court terme qui devra être confirmé par d'autres études
A stay in intensive care has harmful consequences for the body, both physically and psychologically. While essential to avert the risk of death, intensive care entails, in addition to the body's efforts to defend itself from the initial pathology, compulsory prolonged bed rest. These two imperatives - metabolic effort and prolonged bed rest - are at the root of sequelae that are sometimes very serious and sometimes irreversible. For neuro-injured patients, these harmful effects compound those of the initial neurological injury. While early rehabilitation is now recommended for both intensive care and neuro-injured patients, the most effective modalities for undertaking it remain unclear.This thesis aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of the early administration of functional proprioceptive stimulation to neuro-injured patients as soon as possible in intensive care. This rehabilitation method is based on peripheral tendon vibrations, which stimulate neural circuits of the central nervous system at the spinal and cerebral levels. Two randomized controlled clinical trials were conducted as part of this thesis on three neuro-injured critically ill populations: spinal cord injury patients, severe traumatic brain injured patients, and acute stroke patients. This work has demonstrated that early administration of functional proprioceptive stimulation is safe and feasible from the earliest stages of severe intensive care situations. Although they do not seem to prevent muscle wasting, these stimuli appear to have a favorable short-term effect on spasticity, which needs to be confirmed by further studies
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Thedon, Thibaud. "Amélioration de l'acuité proprioceptive par la stimulation cutanée." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON14002.

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La proprioception permet de fournir des informations spatio-temporelles pour calibrer un espace moteur, ajuster la trajectoire des mouvements, l'équilibre, la direction des mouvements, et la coordination intermembres et multiarticulaires. Nous prenons à partir des récepteurs sensoriels une information liée à la vitesse du geste, à sa direction, à son amplitude et à son orientation. Bien que les muscles soient définis comme étant les récepteurs sensoriels contribuant principalement à fournir une information proprioceptive, les récepteurs cutanés avec l'étirement de la peau au cours du mouvement montrent des capacités à fournir une information redondante aux récepteurs musculaires. Cependant au regard de la contribution des récepteurs musculaires, le poids attribué aux informations cutanées est relativement faible hormis dans des situations précises où la contribution des récepteurs musculaires est altérée comme en situation de fatigue musculaire ou minimisée comme lors de l'évaluation du sens de la position articulaire. Le champ de la médecine sportive suggère que les différents supports de prévention des traumatismes améliorent l'acuité proprioceptive par une stimulation des récepteurs cutanés. Il reste néanmoins quelques points à éclaircir, en particulier comment pouvons nous stimuler la peau ? Au cours de trois expérimentations, nous avons testé deux moyens, la pression et les forces de cisaillement pour améliorer l'acuité proprioceptive. Dans l'ensemble nos résultats montrent une amélioration de la pertinence des informations cutanées par une diminution de l'incertitude dans le choix de la position articulaire ce traduisant par une amélioration de la précision de nos mouvements. Cette amélioration est indépendante du niveau de pression et serait en lien avec la création de force de cisaillement là où la peau s'étire le plus avec le mouvement
Proprioception can provide spatiotemporal information for calibrating a motor space, adjust the trajectory of movement, balance, direction of movement, and coordination and Inter multiarticulaires. We take from the sensory receptors of information related to the speed of movement, its leadership, its amplitude and its direction. Although the muscles are defined as sensory receptors contributing primarily to provide information proprioceptive receptors in the skin of the tethering of the skin during movement show a capacity to provide redundant information to muscle receptors. However, in view of the contribution of muscle receptors, the weight given to information skin is relatively low except in specific situations where the contribution of muscle receptors is altered as experiencing muscle fatigue or minimized as in the evaluation of the meaning of joint position. The field of sports medicine suggests that different media Injury Prevention im prove proprioceptive acuity by stimulation of cutaneous receptors. It remains to clarify some points, especially how can we stimulate the skin? In three experiments, we tested two methods, pressure and shear forces to improve proprioceptive acuity. Overall our results show an improvement in the adequacy of the information skin by reducing the uncertainty in the choice of this joint position resulting in improved accuracy of our movements. This improvement is independent of pressure level and be linked with the creation of shear force where the skin stretches over with the movement
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Mima, Tatsuya. "Somatosensory evoked potentials following proprioceptive stimulation of fingers in man." Kyoto University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202148.

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Collins, Amber Taylor Weinhold Paul S. "Electrical stimulation to improve proprioception in the normal knee." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1343.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Masters of Science in the Department of Biomedical Engineering." Discipline: Biomedical Engineering; Department/School: Medicine.
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Kirtley, C. "Control of functional electrical stimulation with extended physiological proprioception." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292029.

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LEVECQUE, FREDERIC. "Regulation du tonus de posture chez le sujet normal : role respectif des stimulations visuelles et proprioceptives." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE6534.

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Lee, Jihang. "Brain mechanisms underlying sensory motor adatations /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3061954.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-205). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Magdalon, Eliane Cristina. "Facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva : tratamento isolado em comparação com a associação da estimulação eletrica neuromuscular em membro superior de pacientes hemipareticos pos-AVC." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261711.

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Orientador: Antonio Augusto Fasolo Quevedo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Objetivo: verificar o efeito da adição da Estimulação Elétrica Neuromuscular (NMES) ao treinamento do padrão de Facilitação Neuromuscular Proprioceptiva (FNP) em membro superior de pacientes hemiparéticos pós-AVC. Metodologia: foram selecionados 10 pacientes, divididos igualmente em dois grupos. Ambos receberam o treinamento com os padrões de FNP, entretanto o grupo 2 recebeu a adição da NMES. As avaliações dos membros superiores foram realizadas pré-tratamento (iniciais), pós-tratamento (finais) e após 7 a 8 semanas do término das sessões de tratamento (tardias). Para a avaliação utilizou-se a Escala de Fugl-Meyer, o índice de Barthel Modificado (IBM) e Escala de Ashworth. Resultados: Análises não-paramétricas revelaram aumentos estatisticamente significativos na pontuação motora total do MS em todos os estágios da avaliação de Fugl-Meyer para o grupo 1. O grupo 2 somente mostrou aumento estatisticamente significativo para o estágio I x F (p-valor=O,O30), sendo para os demais estágios o p-valor>O,O5. Na escala de Ashworth encontrou-se diferença significativa somente entre a comparação dedo I dedo F do grupo 1 (p-valor=O,O30). No grupo 1, encontraram-se diferenças significativas (pvalor=O,O30) na goniometria ativa e passiva da flexão de ombro e de cotovelo I x F e I x T, e também houve diferença significativa na flexão de punho passiva F x T e extensão de punho passiva I x T. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no IBM para ambos os grupos. Conclusões: analisando-se isoladamente cada grupo, o protocolo utilizado para o grupo de FNP foi suficiente para aumentar a pontuação motora do MS na Escala de Fugl-Meyer, apresentando retenção do tratamento. Entretanto a adição da NMES não foi suficiente para garantir a retenção do tratamento e alterar o IBM e Escala de Ashworth
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Neuromuscular Electrical stimulation (NMES) added to Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) patterns in upper limbs of hemiparetic patients after stroke. Methods: Ten hemiparetic subjects were divided into two groups, both receiving PNF patterns. Group 2 received, in addition, NMES. Upper limb was evaluated pre-treatment (initial - I), post-treatment (final - F) and after 7 or 8 weeks after the end of the sessions (Iate - L). Motor function was assessed with the upper extremity motor subscore of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), the Modified Barthel lndex (MBI), and Ashworth Scale for muscular tonus. Results: Non-parametric analyses revealed statistically significant gains in Fugl-Meyer Scores between I x F, I x L and F x L (p=O,O30) in group 1. Group 2 only showed statistically significant gains for I x F, for the other combinations p>O,O5. Ashworth Score presented significant differences only for fingers I x F in group 1 (p=O,OO3). For group 1, there were significant differences (p=O,OO3) in active and passive goniometry for shoulder flexion I x F and I x L, elbow flexion I x F and Initial x L, and there were also significant differences in passive wrist flexion F x L and passive wrist extension I x L. There were not statistically significant differences in MBI for both groups. Conclusion: The methodology was able to increase the motor score of upper extremity by Fugl-Meyer Score and increasing amplitude of the passive and active movement. Meanwhile, the addition of FES was not enough to change with statistical significance the data of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, MBI and Ashworth Scale
Mestrado
Engenharia Biomedica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Toledo, Diana Rezende de. "Correlatos eletrofisiológicos da percepção cinestésica em idosos e efeitos da estimulação elétrica subliminar no desempenho sensório-motor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-09012014-093730/.

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A literatura tem mostrado que as deteriorações proprioceptivas relacionadas ao envelhecimento podem ter consequências funcionais graves na realização de tarefas sensório-motoras como postura e marcha. A avaliação do limiar de percepção cinestésica é uma forma de avaliação da acuidade proprioceptiva e representa uma tarefa sensório-motora, com envolvimento de receptores e vias periféricas bem como de níveis superiores do sistema nervoso central. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avançar no método de quantificação proprioceptiva do tornozelo em jovens e idosos e foi dividida em dois capítulos. O primeiro capítulo investigou aspectos eletrofisiológicos corticais associados à percepção cinestésica do tornozelo. O protocolo experimental consistiu de aquisição de sinais eletrencefalográficos durante a avaliação do tempo de resposta à percepção de movimento passivo de tornozelo em velocidades baixa (0,5º/s) e alta (22º/s). Foram realizadas análises de potencial relacionado a evento (ERP do inglês Event-Related Potential) e de dessincronização e sincronização relacionados a evento (ERD/ERS do inglês Event-Related Desynchronization/Synchronization) na faixa beta (14 a 37 Hz). Os resultados mostraram atrasos nos tempos de resposta à percepção cinestésica dos idosos correlacionados aos atrasos de ativação cortical. O componente inicial do ERP (N1) foi menor e mais tardio em idosos e pode indicar uma chegada de influxo aferente proprioceptivo atrasada e de menor magnitude ao córtex. Os idosos também apresentaram maior ativação cerebral (maior ERD), o que pode representar um maior esforço cognitivo para processar as informações proprioceptivas. Além disso, após finalizada a tarefa sensório-motora na condição de velocidade alta de movimentação passiva, a inibição cortical (ERS) esteve atenuada em idosos em comparação aos jovens. Na condição de velocidade baixa, ERS foi observada em idosos, mas não em jovens, o que indica diferenças em níveis corticais entre os grupos etários na preparação para o movimento seguinte. O segundo capítulo deste trabalho foi motivado por estudos que mostraram que níveis ótimos de ruído elétrico podem melhorar a detecção e transmissão de sinais neurais, melhorando o desempenho de tarefas sensório-motoras. O presente estudo investigou se a aplicação de estímulo elétrico (EE) na região posterior das pernas melhora a percepção cinestésica e o controle postural de jovens e idosos. O limiar cinestésico foi avaliado pelo tempo de resposta à percepção de movimento passivo de tornozelo na velocidade de 0,5º/s. O controle postural foi avaliado durante a manutenção da postura ereta em três condições: olhos fechados, olhos abertos com movimentação periódica ou não-periódica do cenário visual (paradigma da sala móvel). Os resultados indicaram que a aplicação de EE na perna levou a uma redução do tempo de resposta à percepção cinestésica em adultos jovens e idosos. A amplitude de oscilação corporal também foi reduzida em ambos os grupos etários com a aplicação de EE, porém somente na condição de movimentação não-periódica da sala móvel. A partir destes resultados, conclui-se que a aplicação de EE promove melhoras no desempenho sensório-motor, que estão possivelmente relacionadas com uma melhor sinalização de receptores periféricos. Estes achados podem ter implicações clínicas importantes para indivíduos idosos, cujas alterações proprioceptivas e posturais os tornam mais suscetíveis a quedas
The literature has shown that age-related proprioceptive impairments may have serious functional consequences in performing sensorimotor tasks such as posture and gait. The evaluation of threshold for kinesthetic perception is a way to assess the proprioceptive accuracy and represents a sensorimotor task involving receptors and peripheral pathways as well as processing in upper levels of the central nervous system. The present study aimed to advance the method for quantifying ankle joint proprioception in older and young adults, and was divided into two chapters. The first chapter investigated the cortical electrophysiological aspects of evaluation of the threshold for ankle kinesthetic perception. The experimental protocol consisted of acquisition of electroencephalographic signals during the evaluation of the response time to the perception of passive ankle movement at low (0.5 °/s) and high (22°/s) velocities. Event-related potentials (ERP) and event-related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD/ERS) in the beta band (14-37 Hz) were analyzed. The results showed delayed response times to the kinesthetic perception in older adults with correlated delay in cortical activation. The initial ERP component (N1) had lower amplitude and was delayed in the older group and may indicate delayed and deficient arrival of afferent inputs to the cortex. Older adults also showed larger cerebral activation (larger ERD), which may represent higher cognitive efforts to process the proprioceptive information. In addition, after completing the sensorimotor task in the high velocity condition of passive foot movement, cortical inhibition (ERS) was attenuated in older adults when compared to young adults. In the low velocity condition, ERS was observed in older but not in young adults, which indicates differences at cortical levels between age groups during the preparation for the next movement. The second chapter of this study was motivated by results from studies that have shown that optimal levels of electrical noise can enhance the detection and transmission of neural signals, thereby improving the performance of sensorimotor tasks. The present study investigated whether the application of electrical stimulation (ES) in the posterior region of the legs improves kinesthetic perception and postural control in young and elderly. The kinesthetic threshold was assessed by the response time to the perception of passive ankle movement at 0.5º/s. Postural control was assessed during the upright stance in three conditions: eyes closed and with periodic and non-periodic movement of the visual scenario by means of a moving room paradigm. The results indicated ES applied over the legs led to a reduction in the response time to kinesthetic perception in young and older adults. The body sway amplitude was also reduced in both age groups with application of ES, but only in the condition with non-periodic room movement. From these results, it is concluded that the application of ES promotes improvements in sensorimotor performance and it is possibly related to improvements of receptor signaling. These findings may have important clinical implications for older adults, whose proprioceptive and postural changes make them more susceptible to falls
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"Effects of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation on the ANS and Proprioception: High Frequency TNS Reduces Proprioceptive End-point Error." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.54944.

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abstract: Previously accomplished research examined sensory integration between upper limb proprioception and tactile sensation. The active proprioceptive-tactile relationship points towards an opportunity to examine neuromodulation effects on sensory integration with respect to proprioceptive error magnitude and direction. Efforts to improve focus and attention during upper limb proprioceptive tasks results in a decrease of proprioceptive error magnitudes and greater endpoint accuracy. Increased focus and attention can also be correlated to neurophysiological activity in the Locus Coeruleus (LC) during a variety of mental tasks. Through non-invasive trigeminal nerve stimulation, it may be possible to affect the activity of the LC and induce improvements in arousal and attention that would assist in proprioceptive estimation. The trigeminal nerve projects to the LC through the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal complex, providing a pathway similar to the effects seen from vagus nerve stimulation. In this experiment, the effect of trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) on proprioceptive ability is evaluated by the proprioceptive estimation error magnitude and direction, while LC activation via autonomic pathways is indirectly measured using pupil diameter, pupil recovery time, and pupil velocity. TNS decreases proprioceptive error magnitude in 59% of subjects, while having no measurable impact on proprioceptive strategy. Autonomic nervous system changes were observed in 88% of subjects, with mostly parasympathetic activation and a mixed sympathetic effect.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Biomedical Engineering 2019
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Books on the topic "Proprioceptive stimulations"

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Beninger, Richard J. Life's rewards. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.001.0001.

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Life’s Rewards: Linking Dopamine, Incentive Learning, Schizophrenia, and the Mind explains how increased brain dopamine produces reward-related incentive learning, the acquisition by neutral stimuli of increased ability to elicit approach and other responses. Dopamine decreases may produce inverse incentive learning, the loss by stimuli of the ability to elicit approach and other responses. Incentive learning is gradually lost when dopamine receptors are blocked. The brain has multiple memory systems defined as “declarative” and “non-declarative;” incentive learning produces one form of non-declarative memory. People with schizophrenia have hyperdopaminergia, possibly producing excessive incentive learning. Delusions may rely on declarative memory to interpret the world as it appears with excessive incentive learning. Parkinson’s disease, associated with dopamine loss, may involve a loss of incentive learning and increased inverse incentive learning. Drugs of abuse activate dopaminergic neurotransmission, leading to incentive learning about drug-associated stimuli. After withdrawal symptoms have been alleviated by detoxification treatment, drug-associated conditioned incentive stimuli will retain their ability to elicit responses until they are repeatedly experienced in the absence of primary drug rewards. Incentive learning may involve the action of dopamine at dendritic spines of striatal medium spiny neurons that have recently had glutamatergic input from assemblies of cortical neurons activated by environmental and proprioceptive stimuli. Glutamate initiates a wave of phosphorylation normally followed by a wave of phosphatase activity. If dopaminergic neurons fire, stimulation of D1 receptors prolongs the wave of phosphorylation, allowing glutamate synaptic strengthening. Activity in dopaminergic neurons in humans appears to affect mental experience.
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Book chapters on the topic "Proprioceptive stimulations"

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Stroeken, Koen. "Chapter Fifteen: Phantoms of the Future." In Simplex Society, 281–90. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41115-1_17.

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AbstractAfter providing a brief history of digital distress, this chapter delves into contemporary stimulations of intuition that justify optimism about society catching up on humanity and its potential (instead of the long-hailed opposite).Chwezi spirit possession evocatively magnifies what conscious perception does every day, to materialize the invisible. Like other animals, humans specialize in sensory modes, the exteroceptive, interoceptive and proprioceptive. The Y2K craze, the 9/11 aftermath and collective imaginaries about aliens tap into our ‘ulteroceptive’ senses. Are these a universal way to humanize a system? Can we leave spirituality out of the picture if validity of claims about the world is our aim?
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Isaković, Milica, Matija Štrbac, Minja Belić, Goran Bijelić, Igor Popović, Milutin Radotić, Strahinja Došen, Dario Farina, and Thierry Keller. "Dynamic Stimulation Patterns for Conveying Proprioceptive Information from Multi-DOF Prosthesis." In Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation II, 601–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46669-9_99.

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Nakayama, Shota, Mitsuki Manabe, Keigo Ushiyama, Masahiro Miyakami, Akifumi Takahashi, and Hiroyuki Kajimoto. "Pilot Study on Presenting Pulling Sensation by Electro-Tactile Stimulation." In Haptics: Science, Technology, Applications, 66–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06249-0_8.

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AbstractWhen an object that is grasped with a finger is pulled by an external force, the traction force is perceived by cutaneous receptors and proprioception in the finger. Several attempts have been made to simulate the pulling sensation by using wearable devices, including mechanical asymmetric vibration and tightening by belt. In this study, we developed a new method that uses electrical simulation to generate an illusory force sensation by simulating the activity pattern of the cutaneous receptors. We validated our method through two experiments, one based on force direction judgment and the other on force magnitude adjustment.
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Bernabei, Gianluca. "Correction of Postural Deficit Promoting Lower Limb Hemodynamics, for Feet Proprioceptive Stimulation." In Pearls and Pitfalls in Skin Ulcer Management, 523–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45453-0_45.

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Bergmann Tiest, Wouter M., Connie Lyklema, and Astrid M. L. Kappers. "Investigating the Effect of Area of Stimulation on Cutaneous and Proprioceptive Weight Perception." In Haptics: Perception, Devices, Mobility, and Communication, 7–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31404-9_2.

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Partanen, Juhani, Urho Sompa, and Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz. "Recording of Proprioceptive Muscle Reflexes in the Lower Extremity." In Proprioception [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95575.

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Electromyography (EMG) is routinely used in diagnostics of root syndromes in the lower extremity. By studying signs of axonal damage of different root levels in the corresponding myotomes of the lower extremity and back muscles with needle EMG reveals, which of the motor roots are injured in patients with suspected root compression. But by EMG study only injuries of the anterior motor roots are diagnosed. Routine electroneuromyography does not disclose specific injury of the afferent sensory posterior roots. However, the integrity of some the posterior roots is readily studied with myotatic reflexes. We have routinely measured a proprioceptive reflex, the H-reflex of the soleus muscle with stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve, and found it to be useful in the diagnostics of the S1 root syndrome. It seems to be possible to record H-reflex of the peroneus longus muscle at the L5 level. We discuss the serious problems with volume conduction, when trials to measure proprioceptive reflexes of the L4 and L5 levels are performed. It may also be useful to record the medium latency reflexes in the area of the posterior tibial nerve, which seems to have a different reflex arch (II-afferents – β-efferents) from H-reflex (Ia afferents – α efferents). These measurements are non-invasive and not time consuming, and we hope to be able to add them for the routine ENMG diagnostics, when appropriate.
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Woods, David L. "The physiological basis of selective attention: implications of event-related potential studies." In Event-Related Brain Potentials, 178–209. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195048919.003.0013.

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Abstract Selective attention (SA)refers to the preferential detection, identification, and recognition of selected stimuli in an environment containing multiple sources of stimulation. SA is engaged at some level in almost all tasks, since even if a subject attends to only one object, proprioceptive and interoceptive inputs compete for attentional resources.
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Miller, Laurie C. "Dysfunction Of Sensory Integration." In The Handbook Of International Adoption medicine, 405–16. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195176810.003.0033.

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Abstract Children in institutional care experience many forms of sensory deprivation. Crib confinement and swaddling limit tactile experience, motor activity, vestibular and proprioceptive stimulation, and visual input. Quiet orphanage rooms reduce auditory exposures. Liquid and puréed diets diminish oralmotor stimulation. When sensory experiences are disturbed, children may develop disorders of sensory integration (DSI). This disorder is not discussed in many general pediatric textbooks, yet has gained increasing recognition as a theoretical and practical explanation for many behavioral and developmental problems in young children. Disorders of sensory integration are discussed in books on autism and in some developmental pediatric books.
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Briscoe, Robert. "Bodily Action and Distal Attribution in Sensory Substitution." In Sensory Substitution and Augmentation, edited by Fiona Macpherson, 174–87. British Academy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266441.003.0011.

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According to proponents of the sensorimotor contingency theory of perception, active control of camera movement is necessary for the emergence of distal attribution in tactile-visual sensory substitution (TVSS) because it enables the subject to acquire knowledge of the way stimulation in the substituting modality varies as a function of self-initiated, bodily action. This chapter, by contrast, approaches distal attribution as a solution to a causal inference problem faced by the subject’s perceptual systems. Given all of the endogenous and exogenous evidence available to those systems, what is the most probable source of stimulation in the substituting modality? From this perspective, active control over the camera’s movements matters for rather different reasons. Most importantly, it generates proprioceptive and efference-copy based information about the camera’s body-relative position necessary to make use of the spatial cues present in the stimulation that the subject receives for purposes of egocentric object localization.
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Botti, Fabio M., Georg Schweigart, and Thomas Mergner. "Eye movements evoked by leg-proprioceptive and vestibular stimulation." In Studies in Visual Information Processing, 109–18. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-907x(05)80010-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Proprioceptive stimulations"

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Endo, Keigo, Hideki Kadone, Modar Hassan, Masakazu Hirokawa, and Kenji Suzuki. "Wearable Vibration Device for Supporting Postural Stability based on Proprioceptive Stimulation." In 2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781840.

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Valenti, Fabio. "Use of Insoles to Enhance Postural Control." In Socratic Lectures 7. University of Lubljana Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2022.d3.

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Abstract: Postural control is a complex process involving sensory inputs from visual, vestibular, proprioceptive and tactile receptors, processed by the central nervous system (CNS). Sensory information provided by muscle and cutaneous afferents in the foot optimize the ability to stand upright and control the postural sway. The foot, as a direct and often only interface between the body and the ground, constitutes an essential functional whole participating in mechanisms of postural control and regulation, allowing the body to sense and interact with the surrounding environment. Among many somatosensory stimulations designed to improve balance, wearing shoe insoles presents one of the easiest and most cost-effective ways. This method can be used both amongst elderly population for fall prevention and amongst athletes to reach better performance and furthermore prevent injuries. With the growing interest in insole use, several prototypes have been developed to monitor movement during day to day use. For therapeutic purposes, the type of insoles used in the studies was often not clarified, and the term insole was used as a general term.The proposed theme of the discussion is to review already existing data on insole use for treatment of postural balance. Keywords: Postural control; Postural sway balance; Insoles; Foot stimulation
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Yakupov, R. N., S. S. Ananiev, D. A. Pavlov, I. V. Antipov, and M. V. Balykin. "Effect of multisegmental electrical stimulation in combination with proprioceptive stimulation of the spinal cord on changes in reflex excitability of motor neurons." In VIII Vserossijskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Mediko-fiziologicheskie problemy jekologii cheloveka». Publishing center of Ulyanovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/mpphe.2021-249-251.

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The study involved 15 men with movement disorders of central origin. We used percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord with the application of electrodes in the projection of the lumbar thickening, proprioceptive stimulation, and their combination. The data obtained showed the effectiveness of the combined course of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and proprioceptive stimulation on changes in the excitability of spinal locomotor neural networks. Key words: electrical stimulation, spinal cord, proprioceptive stimulation, rehabilitation, motor neuron.
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Lahiff, Christina-Anne, Millicent Schlafly, and Kyle Reed. "Effects on Balance When Interfering With Proprioception at the Knee." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71573.

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After experiencing a stroke, 80% of individuals face hemiparesis causing muscle weaknesses, paralysis, and lack of proprioception. This often induces difficulty to perform everyday functions such as balancing. The goal of this project is to determine if stroke-like balance can be induced in healthy individuals. The Proprioceptive Interference Apparatus (PIA) applies vibrations and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) about the knee joint in different combinations both with and without visual feedback. Ten subjects stood on one foot for periods of two minutes for each of the eight trial conditions. The root mean squared (RMS) of the position coordinates, the standard deviation of the forces, and the RMS of center of pressure coordinates were analyzed for each trial and subject. Analysis of the variation of position markers and forces showed a statistically significant difference between balance with visual feedback versus without. However, the use of PIA did not have any statistically significant difference on these measures.
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Hasegawa, Yasuhisa, Motoki Sasaki, and Atsushi Tsukahara. "Pseudo-proprioceptive motion feedback by electric stimulation." In 2012 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science (MHS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2012.6492480.

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Pytin, Vasily, Alexander Zakharov, Mariya Sergeeva, and Ekaterina Korovina. "ACTIVATION OF THE MOTOR SYSTEM THROUGH PROPRIOCEPTIVE STIMULATION." In XVII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2289.sudak.ns2021-17/312.

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Kouakoua, Kean, Cyril Duclos, Rachid Aissaoui, Sylvie Nadeau, and David R. Labbe. "Rhythmic proprioceptive stimulation improves embodiment in a walking avatar when added to visual stimulation." In 2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vrw50115.2020.00138.

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Blondin, Camille M., Ekaterina Ivanova, Jonathan Eden, and Etienne Burdet. "Perception and Performance of Electrical Stimulation for Proprioception." In 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630186.

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Levitsky, Andrew, Joshua Klein, Panagiotis K. Artemiadis, and Christopher A. Buneo. "Effects of Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation on Upper Extremity Proprioceptive Function." In 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176210.

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Sra, Misha, Abhinandan Jain, and Pattie Maes. "Adding Proprioceptive Feedback to Virtual Reality Experiences Using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation." In CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300905.

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