Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Propriétés texturales'
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Valette, Audrey. "Amélioration des propriétés texturales de l’alumine par le contrôle de l’état d’agrégation de bâtonnets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS395.pdf.
Full textHere we present the rationalization of boehmite rods synthesis to get an aspect ratio higher than 10 and a section below 10 nm. We report the key experimental parameters that induce morphology change, from platelets to rods. Reaction temperature higher than 160 °C is mandatory to ensure rods formation in fair reaction time while Al(III) precursors’ concentration and hydrolysis rates truly control the possibility to growth thin boehmite rods. Coupled structural (XRD) and morphological (TEM) analyses to further characterize the rods and their formation steps allowed us to provide new insights on the formation mechanism. The rods are formed through oriented aggregation of primary nanoplatelets with a defined preferential growth direction. Then, the different exposed faces were identified by electron diffraction. The acid properties of these anisotropic materials have been compared to those of isotropic samples by means of IR spectroscopy (coupled with CO adsorption) and ethanol TPD. Finally, we have studied a way to tune the textural properties of alumina extrudates. To do so, we played with electrostatic forces by adding acid and/or base on the boehmite. Insights about the rods organization were obtained by SEM analyses. Furthermore, we were able to obtain catalyst support with tuned pore diameter and volume and a tortuosity bellow 2,0 (by pulsed filed gradient NMR). Those new supports, with their original tortuosity and textural properties can be considered as very promising catalysts
Dantas, Cavalcante Antonio Belfort. "Influence des facteurs de composition sur les propriétés texturales d'un fromage fondu de type requeijão." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_DANTAS_CAVALCANTE_A_B.pdf.
Full textVan, Hecke Elisabeth. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés texturales des produits alimentaires alvéolés : mise au point de nouveaux capteurs." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD381.
Full textWeiland, Erika. "Caractérisation des propriétés texturales et de transport de supports de catalyseurs : apport de la RMN du 129Xe." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066642/document.
Full textAlumina-based catalysts have a crucial importance for a wide range of refining processes. The knowledge of the textural properties of catalyst supports is decisive for the optimization of transport properties of reactants and products. Based on the sensitivity of the highly polarizable electron cloud of xenon atom to its environment, 129Xe NMR has proved to be a very useful technique to study the porosity of microporous and mesoporous solids such as zeolites and silicas. The objective of this PhD thesis is to characterize disorganized materials such as γ-aluminas with this technique. The work presented in this manuscript combine the results of different NMR measurements to characterize the texture and transport properties of aluminas:- After identifying the experimental conditions that minimize the effect of strong adsorption sites on the chemical shift of xenon adsorbed, a correlation has been established between the chemical shift and the pore size determined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K (Chapter 4).- In order to describe the diffusion coefficients of different adsorbates (Xe, n-hexane) were determined by pulsed field gradient NMR (129Xe and 1H) to characterize diffusion phenomena and to assess pore tortuosities (Chapter 5).- For completing the description of γ-aluminas porosity, pore connectivities, exchange of Xe atoms between different environments has been quantified using 2D-Exchange NMR experiments performed at different temperatures (Chapter 6)
Weiland, Erika. "Caractérisation des propriétés texturales et de transport de supports de catalyseurs : apport de la RMN du 129Xe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066642.pdf.
Full textAlumina-based catalysts have a crucial importance for a wide range of refining processes. The knowledge of the textural properties of catalyst supports is decisive for the optimization of transport properties of reactants and products. Based on the sensitivity of the highly polarizable electron cloud of xenon atom to its environment, 129Xe NMR has proved to be a very useful technique to study the porosity of microporous and mesoporous solids such as zeolites and silicas. The objective of this PhD thesis is to characterize disorganized materials such as γ-aluminas with this technique. The work presented in this manuscript combine the results of different NMR measurements to characterize the texture and transport properties of aluminas:- After identifying the experimental conditions that minimize the effect of strong adsorption sites on the chemical shift of xenon adsorbed, a correlation has been established between the chemical shift and the pore size determined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K (Chapter 4).- In order to describe the diffusion coefficients of different adsorbates (Xe, n-hexane) were determined by pulsed field gradient NMR (129Xe and 1H) to characterize diffusion phenomena and to assess pore tortuosities (Chapter 5).- For completing the description of γ-aluminas porosity, pore connectivities, exchange of Xe atoms between different environments has been quantified using 2D-Exchange NMR experiments performed at different temperatures (Chapter 6)
Cabiac, Amandine. "Influence des propriétés texturales et de la méthode de préparation sur les performances hydrogénantes de catalyseurs Pd/C." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20167.
Full textLi, Yuet Hee Mary Lynn. "Caractérisation texturale et analyse par stéréocorrélation d'images de la déformation des fromages à pâte molle et de leurs simulants formulés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL062N/document.
Full textVarious gels formulated from mixtures of gelatin and polysaccharides - guar, karaya gum, xanthan gum, maltodextrin and starch - were elaborated to simulate soft cheeses (Camembert and Coulommiers) texture. Comparisons between gels and cheeses were based on firmness, elasticity modulus and relaxation time constants, obtained from penetrometry and stress relaxation tests. Gels made up of gelatin, maltodextrin and starch were found to imitate best the textural properties of the soft cheeses. A three-component mixture design approach was used to determine the optimum component concentration of the simulants. Mathematical models developed showed linear dependence of the rheological parameters on composition of simulants. Enzyme Subtilisin Carlsberg (Alcalase®) successful induced gradual modifications in rheological parameters of simulants. The rate of change of textural properties occurring in Coulommiers cheese during maturation was however different from that of the simulants. Two optical three-dimensional techniques as new tools for food texture assessment were also investigated. Digital image correlation and the Breuckmann scanning systems were successful in distinguishing between gels and cheeses varying in firmness and viscoelastic properties. New parameters obtained from digital image correlation and Breuckmann scanning systems were related to the textural properties of the cheeses and their simulants. These parameters may be used to develop models predicting accurately the sensory texture of food from instrumental measurements
Auxois, Mathilde. "Identification et étude de descripteurs du malaxage d’une pâte de boehmite pour la conception de nouveaux solides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0066.
Full textControlling the mechanical and textural properties of heterogeneous catalyst supports is essential for the design of innovative and efficient catalytic materials. In particular, the porous microstructure of the support strongly affects mass transport and mechanical strength. Industrially, alumina supports are manufactured using a knead-extrusion process, which aims to go from an alumina precursor powder (boehmite) to micrometric objects (the final size of the support). This process also enables the mechanical and textural properties of the substrate to be optimized by adjusting the operating conditions for each of the unit operations. The aim of this thesis is to characterize the influence of mixing on the properties of boehmite pastes. In particular, the effects of mixing speed and duration, as well as paste composition, are quantified on the mechanical and textural properties of boehmite pastes. This experimental study, carried out on a pilot mixer, identified two parameters controlling the properties analyzed: paste pH and cumulative deformation, equivalent to the number of revolutions applied during kneading. Then, a discrete-element model of boehmite pastes was developed to represent their microstructure (difficult to characterize experimentally) and simulate their mechanical behavior. In this model, pastes are represented as stacks of polydisperse hard spheres, and mechanical properties depend on numerical elastic and viscous parameters. The latter, like the size of the spheres, have been iteratively adjusted to reproduce experimental characterizations as closely as possible
Minoux, Delphine. "Préparation de catalyseurs d'hydrotraitement par comalaxage molybdène/boehmite : influence sur les propriétés texturales, structurales et catalytiques du matériau final." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066262.
Full textKaram, Marie-Céleste. "Réhydratation des protéines laitières dans un milieu complexe : influence de l'état d'hydratation sur les propriétés texturales des gels acides." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0132/document.
Full textThe main objectives of this work were to elucidate the rehydration mechanism of the two major milk proteins (micellar casein and whey protein) into a complex and opaque medium such as milk and to assess the influence of hydration state (defined as a function of rehydration length after 5,120,180,240,300, 480, 900 and 1440 minutes of rehydration) on the rheological, textural, physical properties and microstructure of the obtained acid milk gels. Whereas, micellar casein presented a long rehydration process into milk characterized by three stages: a wetting, swelling and dispersion phase, whey protein displayed a quick rehydration process characterized by an overlapping of wetting and dispersion phase. Furthermore, an extended rehydration time of micellar casein powder into the milk base was associated with a postponed onset of gelation and enhanced physical, textural as well as rheological properties of the obtained acid milk gels characterized by increases in gel firmness, strength, and decreases in syneresis susceptibility and grains formation. In contrast, acid milk gels prepared with whey protein powder exhibited comparable overall textural properties regardless the different rehydration times. Nevertheless, denaturation of whey protein powder (by dry heating) was associated with a deterioration of the textural properties of the acid milk gels. Finally, acid gels prepared with whey proteins displayed better overall textural quality than those prepared with micellar casein (except for grains formation)
Sainlaud, Chloé. "Caractérisation du veillissement de matrices alimentaires enrichies à base lipidique. Etude de l'évolution de leurs propriétés texturales au cours du temps." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMR009.
Full textThe objective of this work was to determine the origin of textural modifications observed during the storage of a food product, the product Plumpy’Nut®. It is a complex matrix composed of crystalline, amorphous, liquid and vitreous constituents. Its composition gives it the particularity of containing at room temperature, a fraction in the liquid state and a fraction in the solid state. A first global analysis allowed to identify two ingredients which are driving mainly the structure and thermal behavior of the product and, by extension, its rheological properties. These two ingredients are palm oil and an element called “stabilizer” (blend of fully hydrogenated fat, monoand diglycerides). Crystallization mechanisms of these two constituents were studied by means of X-Ray scattering and diffraction analyses, with a particular interest in the roles of cooling kinetics. We showed that palm oil crystallizes mainly under polymorphic form β’ and that adding the “stabilizer” induces a crystallization partially under the most stable polymorphic form β, no matter the cooling profile considered. The stabilizer initiates a crystallisation of palm oil at higher temperature compared to palm oil alone (around 35°C instead of 25°C). The lamellar configuration adopted by triglycerides depends on the cooling profile considered. From a rheological point of view, the viscosity evolution of the product Plumpy’Nut® versus temperature is well correlated with the crystallization dynamics of Palm oil-Stabilizer blend. The aging of the product Plumpy’Nut® considering several storage and processing conditions, was studied during 26 months by means of several physical-chemical analyses. The origin of the gradual increase of the products firmness over time depends mainly on storage temperature. At low temperature (5°C), post-crystallization phenomenon of lipids dominates while at higher temperature (40°C), the chemical aging and oil rising predominate
Mbougueng, Pierre Désiré. "Influence des amidons natifs ou acétylés de manioc et de pomme de terre sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et texturales du pâté de Boeuf (Bos indicus)." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL007N/document.
Full textThe first part of this work deals with the physico-chemical and rheological characterisation of native starches of two local cultivars of Irish potatoes (Sipiera and Tselefou) and three cultivars of cassava (2425, 4115 and Seedling) before they are incorporated into beef patty at 20, 30, 40 and 50g/kg ground meat. The influence of the type of starch and the amount of incorporation on the physico-chemical and textural properties of patties was evaluated. Results show that the physical, functional and rheological properties of starches are closely related to their botanical origin. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that Irish potato cultivar Sipiera had properties that were close to reference. The PCA of all the textural properties of patties with native starches show that patty from starch of cassava cultivar Seedling at 40g/kg (PS40) was closest to the reference. In the second part of the work, the starch Sipiera and 2425 were selected for modification. These two starches were then acetylated for 10 and 20min. and this permitted us to have Sipiera/10, Sipiera/20, 2425/10 and 2425/20. The functional properties of the native starches were however strongly influenced by acetylation and the time of acetylation. Incorporation trials of this acetylated starches at different amounts in patty showed that Sipiera/20 starch at an incorporation rate of 40g/kg ground meat is not significantly different from the reference patty
Molleyre, Jean-François. "Modifications texturales de fibres de carbone par oxydation en phase gazeuse, en vue de l'élaboration de composites : modélisation structurale de fibres haut module : propriétés mécaniques des fibres et composites." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL001N.
Full textLussier, Noémie. "Impact d'un procédé industriel de brassage et de refroidissement sur les propriétés texturales et rhéologiques de yogourts brassés : rôle de la teneur en matières grasses et du temps de fermentation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27784.
Full textMore and more research subjects are about stirred yogurt but, only few have worked on combined impacts of yogurt production at a pilot scale. The purpose of this project was to determine the combined effects of milk fat (MF) content, fermentation time (FT), type of cooling during stirring, and storage time on the physico-chemical, textural and rheological properties of stirred yogurt. The yogurts were standardized at 4.2% protein and 16.5% total solids (TS), and the MF content was adjusted to values between 0.0% and 3.9%. A fat-free yogurt with 14% TS was used as a control. The FT was set at 3, 4 and 5 hours. After fermentation, yogurt (25 kg) of each tank was stirred using a pilot system that simulated industrial production conditions (tank stirring, pumping, smoothing, cooling) and cooled using a tubular heat exchanger, causing low shear, or a plate heat exchanger, which caused high shear. Syneresis, firmness, hysteresis and apparent viscosity were measured during 34 days of storage at 4 °C. The results showed that MF content and TS had little impact on the physico-chemical, textural and rheological properties of stirred yogurts. A higher MF content reduced syneresis and increased firmness, hysteresis loop areas, and viscosity in stirred yogurts. High shear of the plate heat exchanger led to a reduction in syneresis and an increase in firmness, but without changing the viscosity. Storage led to an increase of firmness and viscosity but, syneresis did not change. The results suggest that the type of cooling system used has an important impact on rheological properties but that the presence of MF at 2.6% and higher makes the yogurt more resistant to the disruption of the protein network caused by high shear during stirring, leading to lower syneresis and higher firmness and viscosity.
Volpato, Virginie. "Morphogenèse des propriétés texturales du tissu osseux et environnement biomécanique : caractérisation non invasive du réseau trabéculaire et de l'os cortical du squelette appendiculaire de mammifères actuels et fossiles, hominidés inclus." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2251.
Full textThe understanding of the relative influence of the genetic and environmental/biomechanical factors involved in the morphogenesis and structural adaptation of the cortical and trabecular bone is critical for the study of the morpho-functional evolution of the postcranial skeleton. Nonetheless, the dynamic relationships between load models and site-specific textural characterization of the trabecular network and cortical shell are still poorly known in a quantitative perspective. The goals of the present research, of special methodological value, were i) the qualitative and quantitative modelling of the morphogenetic patterns of the human iliac bone textural properties; ii) the understanding of the intimate relationships between cortical shell – the "container" – and structural architecture – the "content"; iii) the nonivasive, high resolution extraction and biomechanical interpretation of the endostructural signature recorded at various sites of the appendicular skeleton in extant and fossil Mammalian taxa. Based on a representative comparative sample of 2-3D numerical images, the application of our analytical protocol to a number of fossil specimens representing highly differenciated taxa in terms of body mass and life style-environmental constraints-locomotor behaviour, selected from a variety of geo-chronological contexts, confirms the potential informative value of such investigative approach in a paleobiomechanical perspective
Aureau, Mathieu. "Modélisation des Écoulements en Surface et Souterrains : vallée de la Punaru'u – Tahiti." Thesis, Polynésie française, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POLF0006/document.
Full textPunaru'u’s valley is the second watershed by size of French Polynesia. The valley hosts the most important industrial area of the country. The area is becoming an emblematic area because of urbanization impacts on natural environment. Exploitation of water resources is a central preoccupation.The aim of the present study is to analyze and to understand the surface and soil water transfer processes allowing for quantifying its vulnerability to the impact of human activities. Using a theoretical methodology especially developed for the characterization of hydrodynamic soil characteristics, the first part of this work is focused on the relation between textural and structural soil properties. Physical and analytical concepts are used to find a way to open a new data provision strategy based on the knowledge of measurable textural soil properties. The approach provides an original solution for tackling the important scale problem that affects most integrated modeling schemes used to describe hydrological flow processes at watershed scale. Second part of this work is focused on the statistical analysis of the hydrological field data. The results give a new insight in the hydrological and hydrogeological flow processes of the lower part of the Punaru'u valley. A quantitative interpretation shows how soil water resources are affect by human activities. The three alluvial aquifers situated in the first 40 m from the soil surface are all connected. The analytical approach and the hydrogeological interpretation allow for setting up a modeling scheme based on the “ModFlow” solver; the model is able to reproduce the hydrological flow processes of the lower part of thePunaru’u valley
Baza, Souheil. "Contribution à l'étude texturale de gels de silice : thermoporométrie. M.E.T. R.M.N." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19025.
Full textMorin, Camille. "Préparation d'alumine à porosité contrôlée : étude de l'interaction de la boehmite dans des solvants et des propriétés fonctionnelles des matériaux résultants." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066702/document.
Full textTextural properties of catalytic supports are closely related to the organization of boehmite crystallites (AlOOH, nH2O) during the synthesis and the shaping. The modification of this organization by mixing the boehmite with alcohols leads to an increase of the porosity which is very interesting for catalysis processes sensitive to diffusional limitations. A novel way of support preparation obtained by dispersing boehmite in mixed protic polar solvents allows highlighting a control of the porosity depending on the solvents ratio. The kinetic of aggregation, and hence the particles organization, is influenced by the solvent nature. The tuning of the steric effect and the affinity of the solvent for the boehmite surface allows controlling the solvation layer thickness. Consequently of this particular microstructure in dispersion, the porosity can be tuned on a wide range, while keeping a constant specific surface area. The impact on the functional properties of the support, like the mechanical and the catalytic properties, are estimated. A two-nested scales micromechanical approach was carried out and leads to elastic modulus close to the experimental one. Hydrodemetallization activity is greatly enhanced with the porosity, while preserving a high hydrodesulfurization activity. This study is promising in order to predict the properties of the final support from the control of the dispersion microstructure
André, Loïc. "Synthèse de matériaux composites à base d'oxydes préformés : de la compréhension des mécanismes de déstabilisation de sols multiconstituants à l'étude des propriétés des hétéroagrégats." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827971.
Full textMellier, Charlotte. "Synthèse et caractérisation de biomatériaux phosphocalciques multiphasés dopés ou non avec des inhibiteurs de la résorption osseuse." Nantes, 2011. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=84f43f72-1aa0-4495-83ff-45ede0bb40e5.
Full textBone grafts substitutes are an alternative to autologous bone grafting procedure. Calcium phosphates cements are good candidates as they are biocompatible, osteoconductive, resorbable and injectable. However, their use is limited to healthy bone sites in small non-load bearing cavities. The first part of this thesis aims the development of a combined medical device for the local release of gallium, an osteoclastic inhibitor, in order to reinforce locally osteoporotic bone. This study is based on synthesis and characterization of calcium phosphate, CDA and ß-TCP, doped with gallium. It has been shown that the incorporation of gallium changes the structure of these materials. Then these calcium phoshates have been incorporated into a typical composition of cement and the influence of gallium on physico-chemical, mechanical and biological properties of this cement has been studied. The second part of this thesis deals with the improvement of textural and mechanical properties of two calcium phosphate cements, named TPN and TPC, by adding an organic component : blood. For both cements, the blood has led to the formation of a cohesive, moldable and sticky paste. The porosity and both mechanical and rheological properties of both cements were altered differently by blood addition. These combined systems (with gallium or blood) could address the limitations usually encountered in the use of calcium phosphate cements
Lincot, Ainhoa. "Modèle direct d'anisotropie sismique dans la graine terrestre et étude texturale de la transition de phase α-ε du fer : contraindre les processus géodynamiques et les propriétés minéralogiques du fer par les observations sismologiques et expérimentales." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU049/document.
Full textSeismologists revealed the existence of a complex seismic anisotropy in the Earth's inner core. In this thesis we took two different approaches in order to characterize the anisotropy: in a first part, we tried to explain this anisotropy using formation models of inner core and, in a second part, we considered the impact of eventual phase transitions on anisotropy.Firstly, we simulate the propagation of seismic rays through a numerically grown inner core, in order to measure the seismic anisotropy to compare with actual observations and to constrain the dynamics and mineralogy of the inner core. We conclude that no cubic structure of iron may produce a significant global anisotropy. Only the hexagonal compact phase of iron may produce a measurable signal. Considering a panel of quadripolar geodynamical models, we observe that simple preferential equatorial growth is the most consistent with seismological observations of a polar anisotropy and depth dependence of seismic residuals. Chemical stratification amplifies the global anisotropy by about 40%, but at the same time increases the scatter of residuals in a way that is poorly compatible with the observed depth dependence. Finally the addition of dendritic growth (solidification texture) prohibits the emergence of a first order North-South anisotropy. Independently of the geodynamical model it appears clearly that none of these geodynamical models the development of an anisotropy consistent with observations when using the published elastic properties of iron at inner core conditions. Following this work, several geodynamical models remain to be studied such as magnetic forcing (Lorentz forces). Models involving translation-thermal convection are of great interest as they may account for the hemispherical component of the seismic anisotropy.Secondly, we performed experiments on the α-ε (cubic centered to hexagonal compact iron) phase transition in pure iron. We compare our experimental texture results with our simulations of the transformation considering Burgers mechanism. We confirm here the Burgers atomic path as the mechanism activated during the α-ε transformation in iron. We find direct evidence of a strong variant selection controlled by non-hydrostatic stresses in the diamond anvil cell during the forward α→ε transformation, producing strong textures. The opposite will occur with the reverse ε→α phase transition where an almost complete randomization is to be expected. Our observations can be applied with some caution to the Earth's inner core and show that the strong seismic anisotropy in the inner core may not be explained by the occurrence of a hexagonal to cubic phase transition in the inner core. A limited texture memory effect was brought into light, already documented for other transition metals. At last, we performed a preliminary study on the effect of shear on the α-ε phase transition in pure iron using a rotational cell. Again the α-ε phase transformation in iron can be modelized by the Burgers mechanism. We find that simulations in the literature [Levitas et al., 2010] fail to reproduce our experimental results, particularly in terms of stress field