Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Propriétés plasma'
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Alastuey, Angel. "Quelques propriétés d'équilibre du plasma à une composante." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112025.
Full textWe study some equilibrium properties of the classical one component plasma (OCP), in three and two dimensions (1/r and- lnr potentials respectively). This simple model does have the essential properties (screening effects) of multicomponent Coulomb systems in the plasma phase. Furthermore the OCP describes with a good accuracy some real systems, in Astrophysics or on the Earth. Because of its basic and practical interest, there has been numerous works on the OCP: rigorous approaches, numerical simulations, approximated theories. Our work presents some of the aspects mentioned before (numerical simulations excluded). We consider both the homogeneous system (fluid phase) and the inhomogeneous system (interfaces). Our rigorous approaches contain a non-perturbative proof of the fast decay of the correlations in the monotonic regime, a general study of the potential and field fluctuations dimensions in two dimensions, an analytic computations in asymptotic regimes (dielectric wall in the weak-coupling limit)or in particular cases (two-dimensional model at a special value of the temperature). With respect to approximated theories, we propose a scheme of successive approximations for computing the micro field distribution on the basis of a new systematic expansion. Furthermore we study density functional theories applied to the computation of interface density profiles; in particular we derive a new density functional expansion well appropriate for hard walls. For both problems (microfield and interfaces), we make unambiguous tests of the approximated theories by taking advantage of the exact results (analytic and Monte Carlo). The common axis of this work is a formulation starting from the first principles for the problems considered. This allows a better under standing of some fundamental mechanisms as well as a clear interpretation of the successes or failures of the approximated theories (with the possibility of including corrections)
Zielinska, Sylwia. "Propriétés physiques du plasma MIG-MAG." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458799.
Full textBelmir, Moussa. "Propriétés de transport d'un plasma d'hydrogène dense partiellement ionisé." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211633.
Full textJarrah, Walid. "Calcul de structures atomiques et des propriétés radiatives des plasmas de fusion." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS543/document.
Full textThe radiative properties are of utmost importance when studying astrophysical and ICF plasmas, particularly in non local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. This is the reason why we have developed a collisional-radiative model that enables us to calculate the radiative properties of plasmas under any temperature and density conditions. We developed and implemented new Gaunt factors to the CR model. These factors greatly improve the precision when calculating the cross sections of the microscopic processes. These cross sections are required to calculate the populations of the atomic levels. We obtained these new factors by using the distorted-wave and generalized line strength methods of the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC).In order to validate our new-developed CR model, we compared our results to those of Hill and Rose, of a plasma composed of carbon and 5% silicon, in LTE and NLTE conditions. We obtained satisfactory results in both conditions. We also compared our results to the experimental transmission measured by Xiong et al., of a pure silicon plasma, with Te = 72 eV et Ne = 1.3 x 10²¹ cm⁻³. Again, we obtained results that are in good agreement with the measured spectrum. However, we noticed some discrepancies in the line shift of some lines, and some missing transitions. This can be explained by the absence of certain electronic configurations in the calculation of the atomic structure with the Cowan atomic code.We also explored the absorption of a plasma composed of carbon and 5% germanium with a restricted number of electronic configurations. We investigated the effect of configuration interaction and the effect of the radiative field. We also developed new laws that predict the Planck and Rosseland mean opacities very quickly. For the time being, these laws work for carbon, silicon and germanium, with Te between 250 and 350 eV, and Ne between entre 2 et 8x10²³ cm⁻³
Vauthier, Madeline. "Développement d'interfaces intelligentes aux propriétés thermoréversibles." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH1901/document.
Full textShould we adapt to materials or can we modify materials to obtain what we want and what we need? Since the beginning of humanity, natural materials (stone, wood, etc.) have allowed civilizations to develop. Thanks to the increase of knowledge in the field of materials and to the development of more and more sophisticated fabrication processes, civilizations have also allowed the development of materials such as metal alloys, ceramics and, more recently, synthetic polymers. Since the second-half of the 20th century, researchers and engineers have found interest in responsive materials and particularly responsive polymers, able to adapt to their surrounding environment such as the mostly studied poly(N-isopropylacrylamine). The number of studies to design new smart materials keeps increasing because they play an important role in the development of advanced technologies. Today, we can find smart materials in all areas of activity.According to the targeted application, different stimuli are considered and can be classified amongchemical or physical stimuli.Recently, chemical stimuli have been studied for various applications, such as the elaboration of pH-stimuli responsive materials to control drug delivery and separation processes. The presence of specific molecules, for instance containing polar groups or able to form hydrogen bonds, can also modify the properties of materials and may be used to induce self-healing processes. Biomolecules may also provide chemical signals for the selective conjugation of proteins or sugars. Besides, physical stimuli have also gained interest because they can be remotely applied. Indeed, electro- or magneto-active polymers respond to an applied electric or magnetic field by changing their size or shape for instance. They are used to elaborate sensors, robotic muscles, to store data and in nanomagnetic materials for various biomedical applications. Photo-sensitive polymers can change their physicochemical properties in response to light irradiation at a given wavelength and intensity. The photoresponsive polymers are broadly used in nano- or bio-technology, such as for bio-patterning and photo-triggered drug delivery. Another highly-studied physical stimulus consists in the variation of the environmental temperature. This method is used for drug delivery, in liquid chromatography to vary the power of separation without changing the column and/or the solvent composition or to elaborate self-healing materials (composites) thanks to weak (H-bonds) or covalent interactions forinstance.In the former examples, the whole composition of the system is usually specifically formulated to react to environmental conditions, although many phenomena locally occur at the surface of the material. This strategy is thus economically non-viable because only few percents of the material volume are exploited for their smart properties. Consequently, industrial renewal can be stimulated by the fabrication of stimuli-responsive coatings that could cover any material, preserving the characteristics of the bulk material and limiting the cost of these additional smart properties. [...]
Buisson, Luc. "Elaboration par projection plasma de revêtements de carbures et de nitrures pour des applications tribologiques." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0151.
Full textFontcuberta, i. Morral Anna. "Croissance, propriétés structurales et optiques du silicium polymorphe." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPXX0033.
Full textMerle, Antoine. "Stabilité et propriétés des fishbones électroniques dans les plasmas de tokamak." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00773103.
Full textBouillon, Combadière Sylvie. "Etude d'un plasma d'air ensemencé de vapeurs de cuivre : propriétés de transport, diagnostic et intéraction avec des matériaux." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0044.
Full textDiouf, Mouhamed. "Synthèse de nanoparticules par ablation laser en liquide et étude de leurs propriétés optiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850690.
Full textDahl, Sigrid. "Caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques de couches minces déposées par plasma et de surfaces polymériques traitées par plasma." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0020/MQ48846.pdf.
Full textBahadori, Bahador. "Synthèse et propriétés de transport de membranes de perméation de vapeur par dépôt plasma de type RPECVD." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2029.
Full textA silicone rubber- based vapor permeation membrane was synthesized by a deposition of tetramethyl disiloxane in a remote plasma reactor onto a microporous support. The primary plasma was produced in a first chamber using a classical microwave generator from oxygen added nitrogen. The total plasma gas pressure in the deposition chamber was 150 Pa, and the deposition time was 30 minutes. The flat microporous substrate is a bi-axially stretched polypropylene membrane (Celgard 2400) with 0. 117x0. 042 µm oblong pores. Low oxygen to nitrogen mass flow rate ratio (about 0. 02) gave the best membrane. Under the optimal deposition conditions, a dense 2. 5 µm thick layer of polymer is deposited. Its chemical structure as revealed by infrared studies is very similar to that of a classical PDMS elastomer without residual Si-H groups, except that the inorganic Si-O links are enriched at the expense of the Si-C links. The deposited layer needs to be thick enough to cover all pores whose sizes are statistically distributed. The sorption isotherms and vapor permeation curves at variable solvent activity were measured with four different solvents (water, ethanol, chloroform and heptane) at four different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60 °C). Surprisingly; the permeation fluxes of the composite membranes were quite high in comparison with that of a conventional silicone layer of the same thickness (obtained by data interpolation). For all solvents investigated, the experimental equilibrium isotherms could be correlated to Freunlich’s sorption equation. All experimental permeation curves were confronted to the Barrer, Greenlaw, Long, Fick and generalized Nernst-Planck equations. All experimental permeation curves are well correlated with Long’s diffusion equation. The limiting diffusivity follows an Arrhenius like equation: this shows that diffusion is the predominant mass transfer mechanism
Veuillet, Mathieu. "Contrôle des propriétés mécaniques par polymérisation plasma pour des surfaces innovantes antibactériennes." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MULH9533/document.
Full textControl of biofilm formation is a major economic challenge for a large number of economic sectors such as the distribution of drinking water. Many strategies have been explored to fight against their development. This work proposes to explore the possibility of preventing bacterial adhesion by playing with mechanical surface properties. To do this, low pressure plasma polymerization of two precursors: 2- (dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) has been explored. The results of surface characterizations (AFM, IR, XPS, wettability and AFM nanoindentation) of these thin films showed the possibility to obtain different mechanical properties in wide range (kPa to MPa) with similar chemical surface properties. Bacterial anti-adhesion properties of these films were evaluated using an Escherichia coli SCC1 strain during static and dynamic cultures. These results showed that mechanical surface properties around 600 kPa induced very good bacterial anti-adhesion properties and also revealed mobility of bacteria on the surface. Under flow, these properties were highlighted with almost no bacterial detected after two hours. In order to prolongate the life time of these properties, multilayer system has been proposed and synthesis of these plasma polymer multilayer has been studied at atmospheric pressure for industrial scale up
Barrette, Jérémie. "Caractérisation de nanofilms polymériques déposés par plasma froid : stabilité et propriétés mécaniques." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1030/1/BARRETTE_J%C3%A9r%C3%A9mie.pdf.
Full textGudzy, Pascal. "Etude expérimentale des propriétés d'un plasma d'arc au voisinage de la cathode." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30285.
Full textBaudelet, Matthieu. "Propriétés physico-chimiques du plasma induit par laser en régimes nanoseconde et femtoseconde : applications analytiques aux bactéries et aux produits agroalimentaires." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10100.
Full textJourdain, Noémie. "Etude des propriétés du cuivre sous conditions extrêmes et hors de l'équilibre thermique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0175/document.
Full textUltrashort laser sources development enables nowadays the possibility for matter to reachboth extreme pressure and temperature (~10 000 K) conditions, or what we call "WarmDense Matter ". Working with femtosecond lasers leads to out-of-equilibrium phenomenaduring which a large amount of energy is deposited in the electrons while the lattice remainscold. We used XANES spectroscopy to follow both the ultrafast evolution of the electronicstructure and the local atomic order after the irradiation of such a laser. Moreover,we can nowadays employ Quantum Molecular Dynamics to simulate Warm Dense Matter.We computed XANES spectra for thermal out-of-equilibrium situations and inthermodynamic configurations similar to the experimental ones. The confrontation of experimental data and these calculations brings a deep understanding of the phenomena involvedand their evolutions. The present study deals with the X-ray absorption near copper L3 andL2 edges (respectively 932 and 952 eV). Calculations show a pre-edge structure in the spectra,the evolution of which gives the electronic temperature dynamics. These simulationsalso suggest that the loss of the crystalline order should give rise to the disappearance ofthe post-edge structures. Several experiments have been realized using Eclipse laser and atable-top station dedicated to time-resolved XANES measurements at CELIA laboratory.At frst, some XANES spectra have been acquired using an X-ray source produced by theirradiation of a CsI solid target. This source duration of ~2 10 ps rms { approximately thethermal equilibration timescale for copper { restrained our temporal resolution. We thenused a xenon clusters gas jet to produce an X-ray source of comparable emissivity but asignificantly shorter duration. Numerous out-of-equilibrium XANES spectrahave been acquired and for diferent excitation degrees. The excellent signal-to-noiseratio allows us to follow the evolution of the post-edge structure and deduce the associateddynamics of the loss of crystalline structure. Finally, we performed the same experimentwith an X-ray source coming from the betatron radiation at LOA laboratory. With thissource, a temporal resolution of ~ 100 fs was achieved and allows us to fully characterizethe instantaneous heating of the electrons by the laser and far-from-equilibrium states
Serrano, Gisèle. "Dépôt de nitrure de silicium assisté par plasma : étude des propriétés structurales du matériau et corrélations avec ses propriétés électriques." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30282.
Full textKlecha, Emilie. "Propriétés intrinsèques de nanocristaux d’argent : stabilité et non oxydation face au plasma d’oxygène." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066064.
Full textSalin, Gwenaël. "Etude des propriétés dynamiques d'un modèle simple de plasma : théorie et simulations numériques." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2042.
Full textTului, Mario. "Propriétés optiques d'oxydes et de borures obtenus par projection plasma sous différentes pressions." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ffb1542c-075d-4fca-993b-e28e0fdf3565.
Full textBensouda, Maria. "Propriétés physicochimiques et électriques du nitrure de silicium hydrogéné préparé par décomoposition plasma." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10038.
Full textFang, Ming. "Physique de dépôt par plasma et propriétés optiques du silicium amorphe et microcristallin." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EPXX0006.
Full textVanhulle, Gabriel. "Étude de la cinétique chimique et des propriétés de transport d'un plasma d'arc SF6-C2F4 en déséquilibre thermique : application à l'étude des disjoncteurs haute tension." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30330/document.
Full textModelling a high voltage circuit breaker using a MHD model needs plasma properties databanks to simulate the electric arc behavior. The local thermodynamic equilibrium hypothesis is often used to calculate these properties. However, the equilibrium conditions are not satisfied near the walls or the electrodes, or during the zero crossing of the current. The thermal nonequilibrium considerably modify the chemistry and properties of the plasma. The study of these properties for a 2t plasma is the subject of this thesis. The first part of this thesis presents the industrial context at the origin of this study. Basics assumptions for the 2t hypothesis are then explained. In this section, special attention is given to the temperatures characteristic of the internal energy modes. Two sets of hypotheses concerning these temperatures are used in this work, and the choice of these hypotheses is discussed. The second part of this work is dedicated to the calculation of sf6-c2f4 plasma composition at 2t. This calculation will be done with two different methods: the first is based on the mass action law extended to 2t, and the second on a collisional-radiative calculation. Examples of compositions obtained with these two methods are presented. The hypotheses concerning the temperatures of populating of the internal energy levels are discussed in the light of these results. The third chapter of this thesis deals with the calculation of the thermodynamic properties at 2t of the plasma. The theoretical formulations of each of these properties are first recalled, and the results from these expressions are then presented and discussed, for the two methods of calculating the composition. The fourth chapter is dedicated to calculating the transport coefficients of a sf6-c2f4 plasma at 2t. This part is based on a bibliographic study of the already existing methods of calculation and the essential data to obtain these properties (collision integrals). For each property (viscosity, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity) the various calculation methods identified in the literature are compared. The choice of the most appropriate calculation technique is made by comparing the results to the ETL. Particular attention is paid to the calculation of the reactive part of the thermal conductivity, and a formulation adapted to the needs of this work is proposed. The results from these expressions are presented and discussed following the same logic when in the previous chapter
Badea, Victor. "Réalisation de joint de scellement céramique par projection plasma et caractérisation thermomécanique." Thesis, Limoges, 2022. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/41dc181d-0666-48be-aecf-d06e5f8eb472/blobholder:0/2022LIMO0065.pdf.
Full textThis project was supported by Andra under the "Investments for the Future Programme" ("Investissement d'Avenir") organized in cooperation with the French National Research Agency (ANR). The aim of this study, was to seal an aluminosilicate overcontainer that will contain a primary container with radioactive waste through means of plasma spray. Before this project the composition of the ceramic container has been optimized with 72 % in mass of alumina to produce a demonstrator (half size (Height 60 cm Diameter 33 cm) excepted for the thickness of the wall (4 cm)), referenced P72. Unfortunately, at the beginning of this project, major defect inside the sintered part has led to the impossibility to proceed to the welding. Another composition was selected, easier to cast but with lower mechanical properties with 50 % in mass of alumina, referenced B50. Firstly, the effect of the heating by plasma torch of the ceramic massive simulating the overcontainer P72 (72% in mass of alumina) is envisaged. At the same time 4 alumina-based thick coatings, with shape close to weld join, were obtained by plasma spray as possible candidates for sealing material. These coatings are as follows: aluminosilicate PP48 (48% in mass of alumina), PP72 (72% in mass of alumina) alumina-sodalime glass PPAV (85% in mass of alumina) and alumina-titania PPAT (87% in mass of alumina). The chemical compositions (by XRD and XRF) and microstructures (SEM, porosity by Archimede's principle and helium pycnometry) of two aluminosilicate sintered bodies B50 (50% in mass of alumina) and P72 (72% in mass of alumina) as well as of the coatings were investigated. Both the massive pieces and the coatings were further characterized thermomechanically. Under load at room temperature, 4-points bending test coupled with acoustic emission monitoring were conducted to well understand and interpret the microstructural changes occurring during loading. At high temperature, dilatometric, ultrasonic echography and acoustic emission measurements were carried out, to characterize and understand deeper the microstructural evolutions of materials subjected to thermal stresses. These analyses were performed on both the sintered samples and the coatings in order to determine the compatibility between them and to possibly predict their behavior during the sealing procedure and under mechanical load. P72 outperformed B50 in mechanical properties as the latter presented intrinsic cracks caused by the quartz transition at 573°C. At the same time PPAT coating presented the highest mechanical strength of all the coatings; however, the intrinsic cracks caused by the anisotropic thermal expansion of aluminum titanite reduced its potential as a possible candidate for a sealing material
Branland, Nadège. "Projection par plasma de dépots de dioxide de titane : contribution à lé́tude de leurs microstructures et propriétés éléctriques." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0028.
Full textThe aim of this PhD work is, thanks to particle parameters (velocity and temperature) characterization, to try to understand the influence of plasma spray parameters on titania coating microstructures and the influence of the latter one on their electrical resistivity, for the same substrate conditions. The experimental approach has consisted in using two plasma spraying processes (Arc plasma spraying and Inductive plasma spraying) which have permitted to obtain a broad range of particle velocities and temperatures leading to coatings with specific microstructures. Despite the stoichiometry of the starting powder, all coatings obtained were grey, the oxygen loss increasing with the particle temperature. Isolating the stoichiometry influence has permitted to show that the decrease of the coatings electrical resistivity is especially due to the decrease of the number of bad interlamellar contacts
Bedel, Sophie. "Conception de nouvelles surfaces à propriétés antibactériennes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112358.
Full textBio-contamination of surfaces and related risks are very important economically and for public health. To prevent this phenomenon, one solution is to modify the properties of the surfaces, in order to give them the wanted functionalities. The goal of this study is the modification of metallic surfaces (steel) or polymer surfaces: poly(ethylene terephtalate) with glycomonomers or bioactives monomers. To reach this objective, a multi-step strategy is applied.The first step enabled the incorporation of reactive species on the surfaces by an acid treatment followed by a reaction with dopamine, or by ammonia plasma treatment. Hydroxyl or amine functional groups are added. Then, an initiator of atom transfer radical polymerization is grafted on surfaces. Monomers are synthesized and conventional polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization are studied. Optimal conditions are determined and polymerization on surfaces achieved. The last step is the study of the microbiological properties of the synthesized surfaces.Protected and unprotected galactose glycopolymers as well as gaiacyl methacrylate and thymyl methacrylate have been synthesized. Monomers have been polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization directly to the steel or poly(ethylene therephtalate) surfaces. After each step, materials are analyzed by contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry.Steel surfaces which are functionalized by a glycopolymer and tested in presence of Bacillus subtilis are found to have antiadhesive properties. A most important effect is observed with the unprotected glycopolymer. Poly(ethylene terephtalate) surfaces have antiadhesive properties in presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphilococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when poly(thymyl methacrylate) is grafted. An antibiofilm effect is observed with Staphilococcus aureus.Simultaneously, quaternary ammonium homopolymers and copolymers by integration of bioactive monomers have been obtained. Their antibacterial properties are tested in planctonik conditions in presence of Bacillus subtilis. A degree of polymerization equal to 78 and alkyl halide groups: iodomethane and bromoethane enabled to obtain the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration. Bioactive monomers contributed to emphasize this decrease. The most decreasing effect is obtained when one per cent of N-(4-hydroxy-3-méthoxy-benzyl)-acrylamide is integrated
Mondet, Guillaume. "Propriétés radiatives des plasmas de fusion. Emissivité et opacité dans des structures atomiques complexes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946767.
Full textBelkerk, Boubakeur Essedik. "Nouveaux outils expérimentaux pour l’analyse des propriétés thermiques de nanostructures élaborées par procédés plasma." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=76e4788f-8783-4560-b1a3-a1c60679772f.
Full textNew experimental techniques for measuring thermal properties of thin films and nanostructures are presented. Probes have been designed and fabricated for detecting ultrafast transient temperature responses in the time window [100 ns - 10 μs] subsequent to electrical or optical pulses. Thermal transient models have been developed for estimating the thermal properties of materials by fitting the temperature signals. Experimental studies were carried on aluminum nitride and carbon nanowalls produced by plasma techniques. The thermal properties of those materials were found well correlated with the structural features of the films analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy
Bouanis, Fatima Zahra. "Amélioration des propriétés anticorrosion d’un acier au carbone par nitruration par plasma froid radiofréquence." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10183.
Full textThe aim of this work concerns the study of the improvement of the corrosion resistance in acidic medium (1M HCl) and mechanical properties of carbon steel (XC38) using a radiofrequency cold plasma nitriding process. The originality of this work consists in nitriding substrates using nitrogen cold plasma, where the process temperature is roughly ambient temperature and without heating the substrate. The nitriding was carried using nitrogen and nitrogen/ hydrogen plasma gas mixtures. The hydrogen role in the plasma consists not only in reducing the iron oxide layer on the substrate, but also accelerates the nitrogen diffusion in the substrate. Surface characterizations performed by means of the Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that the treatment plasma induces the formation of a layer where the nitrided thickness is higher than ten microns for long treatment times (8h). The mechanical properties were studied by Vickers microhardness. The surface microhardness of the nitrided steel increases as the plasma processing time increases to reach a maximum of 1057Hv0.005 for the nitrided sample that was treated during 8h, when compared to sample untreated (247Hv0.005). The improvement of the corrosion resistance properties were investigated by gravimetric and electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarisation curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 1M HCl medium. For the optimal conditions of treatment, the inhibition efficiency obtained is more than 95 % for 8h of treatment and remains constant for immersion times higher than 72h in aggressive medium (HCl 1M)
Montalan, Dominique. "Etude in-situ des propriétés électriques des films de polysiloxane déposés par plasma froid." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30015.
Full textDumay, Bastien. "Dépôts de carbone amorphe hydrogènés et deutérés par polymérisation plasma pour la fusion par confinement inertiel." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS073.
Full textRoger, Jérôme. "Nouveaux borosiliciures de terres rares : synthèse, diagrammes de phases, études structurales et physiques." Rennes 1, 2005. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01323661.
Full textLefevre, Tony. "Etude des propriétés radiatives d'un plasma d'hélium hors équilibre : expériences et simulations avec le code SOPHIA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4776/document.
Full textThe experimental study of the radiative properties of plasmas of helium out of equilibrium can be achieved by emission spectroscopy, a non-invasive diagnostic which does not affect the system. In this thesis, this diagnostic was used on plasmas created in discharge tubes and in the linear magnetized machine MISTRAL. The experimental data were compared with theoretical results coming from the atomic physics code SOPHIA (collisional-radiative model). The discharge tubes are characterized by electron temperatures of the order of the electron volt and electron densities in the range of 10 12 cm-3. The first part of the results of this thesis has shown that under these conditions, the CCC model (Convergent Close Coupling) reproduces in the best way the atomic dynamics of such a system. The second part of the results reveals the spectroscopic signatures (line intensities ratios and radial studies), in the machine MISTRAL, the presence of ionizing energetic electrons and the diffusion of charged particles through a magnetic field
Depenyou, François Junior. "Etude du plasma d’arc électrique glissant à pression atmosphérique dans l’air humide : Application à l’amélioration des propriétés anticorrosives d’un acier doux." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES008.
Full textThe oxidizing properties of a gliding arc in humid air plasma are tested on AISI 1018 carbon steel surface. Anticorrosive properties in 0. 5mol. L-1 NaCl solution pH 6. 4 are measured by Tafel method. 30 minutes of plasma treatment increase the corrosion potential of about 160mV and decreases the current of the anodic branch by a factor of 10². The rotation of the target during the treatment improves the contact and the interaction between plasma and surface. An adequate surface cleaning and the use of a closed reactor improve the plasma reactivity toward the metallic surface. The characterization of the passive layer by mean of potentiometry, X-ray diffractometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy suggest the presence of a very thin film containing oxides such as FeO, FeOOH, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. A reaction mechanism was proposed. Contact angle measurements showed a surface activation effect
Jumagulov, Murat. "Диагностика, структурные и динамические свойства пылевой плазмы высокочастотного разряда." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2081/document.
Full textThe study of the dusty plasma is now a developing scientific field, attracting the attention of scientists. Recall that the dusty plasma is conventional plasma with inserted or formed therein particles of condensed matter of microns sizes, the size of these particulates (dusts) can acquire very large charges up to 3 5 10 ¸10 of the elementary charges. In the literature, it is also named as plasma with a condensed dispersed phase, aerosol plasma. Dusty plasma is of interest both for the solution of the applied problems, and to expand our knowledge of the fundamental phenomena in nature, properties and structure of matter. Due to the fact that the macroscopic dust are visually distinguishable the dispersed plasma is unique comfort object for the study of some physical properties of condensed matter, such as phase transitions, transport processes, etc.It was found that in many modern plasma technologies, due to the interaction of the plasma with the material surfaces macroscopic particles from the material fall into the plasma (sizes are from micron fractions up to a few hundred microns). As result complex plasma is formed. The most common name of this plasma is dusty plasma. An interesting fact is that the dusty plasma forms under certain conditions the ordered structures ("plasma crystal", clouds, droplets). All of these plasma- dust structures are naturally occurring undesirable contamination and negatively affect on the physical and mechanical properties (microhardness, corrosion resistance, etc.) of the constructional materials.One of the most important scientific and technological problems is the realization of the controlled thermonuclear fusion. Formed in the wall region of the Tokamak dusty plasma can play a big role: recent experimental data show that the presence of dust in the plasma can affect the global energy confinement time. The use of the dusty plasma in the production of high composite materials is new field of application, for example, small spherical particles with nanocoating deposited in the plasma. In order to study formation of a homogeneous powder of the dust particles with desired properties and stability of its production, it is necessary to find the optimal conditions and time of production. Thus, the study of dusty plasma properties, their diagnostics are very important tasks, both from the scientific and applied aspects
Shokrollahi, Saeideh. "Traitements au plasma à décharge de barrière diélectrique pour l'amélioration des propriétés de l'acide polylactique pour les applications biomédicales." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69662.
Full textThe objective of this project is to study the effects of plasma treatment on the surface characteristics and the in-vitro degradation properties of polylactic acid (PLA) for different applications such as biodegradable cardiovascular stents. Polymer films are treated by two different dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The carrier and oxidative gas mixtures in these reactors are argon+water vapor and nitrogen+nitrous oxide. Both the treated and non-treated PLA samples are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, surface energy, and contact angle analysis. Additionally, the aging behavior of the surfaces after each treatment is investigated. In-vitro hydrolytic degradation studies are conducted by measurements of mass loss and molecular weight loss as a function of the incubation time. The results indicate that the PLA surface becomes more hydrophilic in all the treated samples. Increased hydrophilicity is associated with modifications to the chemical composition of the treated surfaces. Also, analysis of the surface morphology shows that the argon and water vapor plasma induces the formation of some nodule-like structures on the surface. All the treated surfaces undergo hydrophobic recovery to some extent due to the rearrangement of the polar groups into the bulk. Moreover, in-vitro degradation studies show that plasma treatments do not affect the PLA hydrolytic degradation properties.
Ursu, Cristian. "Caractérisation par méthodes optiques et électriques du plasma produit par ablation laser." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10005/document.
Full textThe transient plasmas generated by high-fluence laser ablation are complex phenomena involving multiple processes, as optical radiation absorption by the matter, temperature increase and phase transitions generated by the energy transfer, expanding gas hydrodynamics, electrical interactions between the charged particles, or the interaction of the laser radiation with the generated plasma. A most complete understanding of this phenomenon is therefore necessary from the fundamental point of view, but also for characterizing the behavior of high technological potential materials under intense irradiation. We have developed a multi-diagnostic approach, based on optical and electrical techniques: fast ICCD camera imaging, space- and time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy, diode laser absorption spectroscopy, Langmuir probe. These techniques have been used to characterize plasmas generated by nanosecond laser ablation of various samples, from simple Al and Cu metals, to more complicated ceramics, chalcogenide glasses or ferromagnetics. The main results have been the observation of the plasma splitting in two structures and the kinetic and energetic characterization of their constituents. These results present fundamental (development of a fractal hydrodynamic model) and applied (erosion of dielectric walls in space plasma thrusters, pulsed laser deposition of thin films) interest
Mansour, Agapy. "Étude des propriétés chimique et morphologique de composites hybrides de type (co)polymère plasma / métal." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1002.
Full textNanocomposites consisting of finely dispersed metal nanoparticles into insulating matrix are the focus of much attention because of their optical, electrical or antibacterial properties, allowing a variety of technological applications. In this work, we are interested in hybrid composites based on a polymer matrix synthesized by cold plasma polymerization (PECVD), subsequently impregnated with a solution of metal salt which is finally reduced. These nanocomposites are mainly studied for their applications and less focused on their chemical and morphological structure. In this work, our goal is to study the dependence of chemical and morphological properties of such composite materials on the chemical structure of the plasma polymer, the nature of the metal nanoparticles and the chemical functions of the polymer involved with the polymer / metal interactions. The matrix will be both a plasma polymer and a mixture of two plasma polymers. The objective is then to better understand the nanocomposites formation, and to show their interest in different applications particularly in the detection of ammonia gas
Tingaud, Olivier. "Elaboration de dépôts à gradients de propriétés par projection plasma de suspension de particules submicroniques." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/9050dcd6-6420-4853-94dd-8f71f25a639c/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4071.pdf.
Full textSuspension plasma spraying (SPS) of sub-micrometric-sized particles is an emerging technology, versatile, which allows to manufacture finely structured layers, thinner than those resulting from conventional plasma spraying, showing multiple architectures. However, the different parameters controlling the final properties of the coating, and their interdependence, are not yet completely identified. Thus, the aim of this study is, on the one hand, to understand the influence of operating parameters on the coating manufacturing mechanisms, in particular, the kinematics parameter effects and, on the other hand, to produce graded layers. First of all, a SPS equipment has been developed, associated with an on line control system. A simple theoretical model was used to describe the plasma torch working conditions and, we undertook a global analytic study on whole process, through the bead study, associated with focused experiments. The different results have enabled to improve our knowledge of the SPS process and to determine the influence of some key parameters. Moreover, this study has demonstrated that beside the criticity of the plasma and injection parameters, the kinematics parameters are also determinant. At last, coatings with large varieties of architectures and graded layers are manufactured, in a reproducible way
Dhouioui, Raja. "Étude des propriétés thermodynamiques et des coefficients de transport d'un plasma air - méthane en déséquilibre thermique." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2394/.
Full textWe find carbon, oxygen and hydrogen in a large number of applications or processes involving electric arcs and thermal plasmas. These include: low-voltage circuit breakers with mixtures of air and organic vapor (due to the erosion of thermoplastic walls) inside the device, high-voltage circuit breakers for which are tested new gases or gas mixtures for filling the tank by replacing SF6, the treatment of biomass for synthesis gas production, processes for arc welding (MIG - MAG) but also processes for the ignition of reactive media, especially air - methane plasmas which are typical mixtures of electrical discharge for reactive media ignition of combustion. These kinds of processes are often studied theoretically using magneto-hydrodynamic models (MHD), under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). However, spark discharges involved in combustion ignition correspond to low power arcs for which the LTE hypothesis is relatively dubious. In this case, the temperature on the axis of the plasma remains relatively low. Thus the collisions are not enough efficient to ensure an equal distribution of the energy between the various chemical species in the mixture. The consequence is that the electrons have a kinetic temperature Te higher than that of the heavy species Tg. For an accurate theoretical study of this kind of discharge, taking into account the possible occurrence of departures from thermal equilibrium (Te ≠ Tg), it is necessary to develop multi-temperature MHD models. The implementation of these multi temperature models is often based upon 2T thermodynamic and transport property databases as a function of Te and of the ratio θ = Te /Tg. The present work falls under these considerations as it concerns the calculation of two-temperature (2T) Air - methane plasma properties: compositions, thermodynamic properties (mass density, enthalpy and specific heat at constant pressure) and transport coefficients (thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity). The composition is obtained from the 2T mass action law and from the conservation equations (pressure, electrical neutrality and atomic proportions). Thermodynamic properties are then calculated analytically from the composition. Finally, transport coefficients are obtained from the Chapman-Enskog theory (extended to the 2T case) and from recent theoretical developments. The four contributions to thermal conductivity (translation of electrons, translation of heavy particles, internal and reaction) are calculated separately so that they can be used in a different way in the two energy conservation equations (electrons and heavy particles) involved in 2T MHD models
Betoule, Olivier. "Influence des distributions de vitesse et température de jet de plasma d'arc et de particules sur les propriétés des dépôts d'alumine." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0039.
Full textEl, Hamidi Lakbir. "Etude expérimentale de l'influence des vapeurs de cuivre sur les propriétés d'un plasma d'arc transfèrè brûlant dans l'argon à la pression atmosphérique." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30013.
Full textBachar, Abdellatif. "Apport de l'excitation microonde ECR à la pulvérisation réactive pour le dépôt de couches minces SiCxNy˸H, étude des propriétés optiques et électriques." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC068.
Full textThis thesis consisted in studying the contribution of a microwave ECR plasma to magnetron reactive sputtering for the deposition of SiCxNy:H thin films, from a silicon target and an Ar, CH4 and N2 gas mixture and its impact on the chemical composition and also the optical and electrical properties of these films.A study of the process was carried out by optical emission spectroscopy to understand plasma chemistry in three different configurations: reactive silicon sputtering, microwave ECR plasma and the combination of both, depending on the nature and flow rates of the used gases, and depending also on the plasma power. Then, the effect of this plasma chemistry on the composition and the chemical environment of the films was studied. For this, the films were deposited by sputtering the silicon target under different reactive gas mixtures according to R = [N2]/([N2 +[CH4]) and by varying the power of the ECR microwave plasma for three levels ( 0 - 400 and 800 W). This study revealed a competition between two phenomena according to the used microwave power: the increase in the sputtering of the silicon target thanks to the plasma densification on one hand and the premature poisoning of this target due to the strong reactive gas’s dissociation.The studied hybrid process allowed to obtain SiCxNy:H films having a refractive index varying from 1.82 to 2.33 at 633 nm as a function of their stoichiometry. They also have optical gaps greater than 3 eV regardless of their carbon and nitrogen content. These films can be used as anti-reflective coatings for silicon photovoltaic cells. Thanks to a dielectric constant varying from 4 to 7.6 and a charge density comprised between 1011 and 1.4 × 10 12 cm-², the SiCxNy:H films can also be used as a passivation layer.The last part of this work aimed to reduce the interface state density at the substrate/ SiCxNy:H interface. This was attempted by nitriding silicon substrates using an ECR source producing neutral nitrogen atoms on one hand, and a GDS source producing ionized nitrogen atoms and molecules on the other hand. Thanks to this ionic character, the nitridation process based on the GDS source was faster than that ECR (x5) and lead to thicker elaborated SiNx layers. This nitridation process reduces the interface state density of the studied samples
Barré, Charlotte. "Etude de la relation microstructure-propriétés de revêtements ultra-réfractaires mis en forme par projection plasma : application à la protection de composites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066385.
Full textIn order to overcome composite weakness against oxidation at very high temperature (> 2000 °C), a solution would be to coat them, which can be done potentially by plasma spraying. After a bibliographic study, a specific composition has been chosen: ZrB2-SiC. A potential additive, Y2O3, also has been selected. These coatings were developed by plasma spraying directly on composite substrates. A particular attention was given to the microstructure of the coatings, different kinds were prepared in order to look for its influence on the high temperature properties. Indeed, these coatings were tested under temperature higher than 2200 °C and a very oxidative and corrosive atmosphere. Results allowed distinguishing the most promising compositions and microstructure considering applications in the aerospace field
Barré, Charlotte. "Etude de la relation microstructure-propriétés de revêtements ultra-réfractaires mis en forme par projection plasma : application à la protection de composites." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066385.
Full textIn order to overcome composite weakness against oxidation at very high temperature (> 2000 °C), a solution would be to coat them, which can be done potentially by plasma spraying. After a bibliographic study, a specific composition has been chosen: ZrB2-SiC. A potential additive, Y2O3, also has been selected. These coatings were developed by plasma spraying directly on composite substrates. A particular attention was given to the microstructure of the coatings, different kinds were prepared in order to look for its influence on the high temperature properties. Indeed, these coatings were tested under temperature higher than 2200 °C and a very oxidative and corrosive atmosphere. Results allowed distinguishing the most promising compositions and microstructure considering applications in the aerospace field
Kamgang, Youbi Georges. "Propriétés réactives en post-décharge temporelle des décharges électriques glissantes dans l’air humide : application à la dégradation de colorant azoïque et à la décontamination microbienne." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES038.
Full textThe gliding electrical discharge "Glidarc" in the humid air is a source of non-thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure efficient for pollution abatement. We present in this thesis the benefit use of reactive properties in temporal post-discharge (i. E. After switch off the discharge) of glidarc. In the first step, we considered the degradation of acidic methyl orange, an azoic dye. After target exposure for short periods to the discharge plasma, a strong temporal post-discharge degradation of the dye giving N,N-dimethyl-4-Nitroaniline, as the major yellow intermediate product with a relevant overall first-order kinetics, was observed. On the other hand, post-discharge has also been used to inactivate micro-organisms. Four micro-organisms in planktonic and adherent forms were considered: Staphylococcus epidermidis and Leuconostoc mesenteroïdes as Gram-positive bacteria, Hafnia alvei as a gram-negative bacterium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a yeast model. The post-discharge was used in two ways: the microbial cells were previously exposed to discharge for short periods or they were inactivated by a solution of "plasma activated water”. In all cases, significant reductions of the microbial populations were achieved with 1st order kinetic. Such results combined with the identification of the destruction by HNO2 and H2O2 suggest that nitrous and peroxonitrous acids are the main oxidizing species involved in the temporal post-discharge phenomenon. As the operation takes place under acidic medium, the role of nitrosonium NO+ was also highlighted
Zhang, Wencong. "Recherche numérique et expérimentale sur les propriétés de décharge et les caractéristiques de propagation électromagnétique dans les torches à plasma micro-ondes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0050.
Full textThis work aims to better understand the discharges in the microwave plasma torches, by investigating the microwave propagation characteristics and the discharge properties in the microwave plasma torches based on rectangular waveguide under different operational conditions.First, the electromagnetic mode of the microwave in the discharge tube and their existence conditions have been theoretically studied and numerically validated by the full-wave analysis, with the assumption of constant plasma properties, when the discharge occurs. Secondly, based on our assumption that the microwave plasma torch will become a waveguide-coaxial mode convertor when the discharge occurs, experiments are carried out to investigate the effects of the glass tube on the efficiency of power coupling from the input microwave to the discharge in a microwave plasma torch under different input powers, pressures and gas inflow rates in order to explore the possibility to improve the microwave coupling efficiency. Thirdly, a twodimensional fluid model is proposed to simulate the argon discharges in the microwave plasma torch under atmospheric pressure, by making use of approximation of the ambipolar diffusion and axisymmetric distribution of microwave field in the discharge tube. With this simplified model, the mechanism of the plasma column length change under different microwave powers and gas inflow rates, as well as the mechanism of the glass tube overheating problem have been numerically investigated. Finally, a three-dimensional model is further proposed to investigate the discharges in the microwave plasma torches. The argon discharges under atmospheric pressure in two types of microwave plasma torches with different glass tubes has been modelled and compared to the two-dimensional simulation. It is shown that the discharge tube with metallic enclosure in the microwave plasma torches is able to become a two-conductor-like coaxial waveguide, when the discharge properties meet some requirements. With this waveguide structure transition, the cylindrical discharge tube allows the input microwave to enter the discharge tube and propagate along the plasma column towards both ends of the glass tube without the limitation of cut-off frequency. These conclusions may help to better understand the discharge properties and microwave propagation characteristics in the microwave plasma torches and contribute to the optimization of current microwave plasma torches or the design of new types of microwave plasma torches
Lestrade, Laurent. "Etude de la fusion superficielle au four solaire de barrières thermiques ZrO2-Y2O3 projetées par plasma." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0241.
Full textFernandez, Vincent. "Etude de l'influence du bore et de l'oxygène sur les propriétés de thermodésorption du carbone après exposition à un plasma de deutérium." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11039.
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