Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Propriétés physico-chimiques – Polymères'
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Rusa, Mihaiu Mariana. "Polymères éthyleneimines. Synthèse, propriétés, ap[p]lications." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20148.
Full textChalal, Mohand. "Structure multi-échelle et propriétés physico-chimiques des gels de polymères thermosensibles." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680076.
Full textBouillo, Nathalie. "Propriétés physico-chimiques à l'état pâteux ou filmogène de biopolymères contenant des additifs." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA2075.
Full textHammami, Nadia. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de polymères biosourcés à base d'isosorbide." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS127.
Full textThis research work aims to valorise isosorbide (IS) for biobased polymeric materials using original methods. After a short introduction of this molecule, we presented the different synthesis pathways and application fields of chemical and polymers already developed in scientific community. These compounds are classically obtained through many functionalization/synthesis steps with processes far away from green chemistry. Our first strategy based on the development of polyacetals derived from isosorbide (PAIS) was explained. A reaction scheme involving isosorbide with methylene halogenate in a non-toxic solvent (DMSO) was retained. The influence of different experimental parameters (stirring mode, reaction period and stoichiometry) was carefully analysed. Best results were achieved with high-speed mechanical stirring (more homogenous reactive solution, quantitative yield). The highest isosorbide concentrations led to the exclusive production of linear polyacetals (L-PAIS) whereas a low concentration under magnetic stirring conditions induced the formation of cyclic oligomers. Other macro-cycles (C-PAIS) with high molar weight were also produced. These different kinds of PAIS were characterised by various techniques (NMR, MALDI-TOF FTIR, SEC). Their physicochemical performances were also studied (TGA, DSC, rheology…) The length increase of polymer L-PAIS chains being challenged by cyclisation, we also explored lactide use (L- and racemic) as chain extender first by the reaction with IS then with L-PAIS. The La organometallic catalysis was more efficient than enzymatic pathway (PS lipase). Both chemical and physical analyses carried out with four polymeric grades derived from IS et lactide showed the added value of isosorbide molecule. Precise and reliable "structure-properties" relations including durability study were also led. Finally, similar approach could be applied for producing linear copolymers (PLLA-b-PAIS-b-PLLA and PRLA-b-PAIS-b-PRLA)
Benyahia, Lazhar. "Relations entre les propriétés rhéologiques et physico-chimiques des polymères et leurs propriétés adhésives : application à la peau." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10061.
Full textPlatel, David. "Impact de l'architecture macromoléculaire des polymères sur les propriétés physico-chimiques des coulis de ciment." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001497.
Full textMokni, Marwa. "Optimisation et analyses des propriétés physico-chimiques et diélectriques du parylène D." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY080/document.
Full textThis work is mainly focused on the elaboration and the characterization of parylene D thin films of few micrometers deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The goal of this study is to evaluate the potentialities of this polymer in order to replace the parylene N or C for specific applications or to integrate it in new applications. A first study consisted in evaluating the impact of the CVD process parameters (temperature of sublimation, temperature of pyrolysis, substrate temperature) on the surface morphology, the molecular structure and dielectric changes of parylene D. For that, we were based on several analyzes techniques as FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA, AFM, SEM, DMA. Thermal stresses were applied to parylene D to evaluate their performance at high temperature (>200°C) and the changes on the crystal structure (size of crystallites, percentage of crystallinity,…) or the stability of the thermal properties (temperature of transition, temperature of crystallization, melting point) and dielectric properties (the dielectric permittivity, the dissipation factor, the electrical conductivity and the electric modulus). Dielectric and electrical properties of Parylene D were investigated by dielectric spectroscopy in a wide temperature ranges from -140°C to 350°C and frequency from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz, respectively. (a, b and g)-relaxation mechanisms, interfacial polarization related to Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars and electrode polarization have been identified in this polymers. The dielectric performances of Parylene D have been also compared with parylenes N and C which are used in wide industrial applications. Optimized and controlled conditions of the CVD process of parylenes D are proposed in this work in relation to the properties. The obtained results open a new way for specific applications
Lampin, Marielle. "Influence des propriétés physico-chimiques de polymères implantables sur leur potentiel de migration et d'adhésion cellulaires." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD842.
Full textBouvet-Marchand, Agathe. "Syntheses, preparations and physico-chemical characterizations of functional hybrid thin layers." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0338.
Full textTo face the technical challenges of our time, more and more performing materials are needed. However, neither plastic nor metals are sufficient to answer the different current problematic that require materials to be cheap, easily processable, industrializable with oustanding properties (electronic conductivity, transparency, self-cleaning, anti-corrosive etc.). These last years, the association plastic-metal or "hybrid" appears to be a promising route. Indeed, in these materials, not only properties of the plastic and metal are added but a synergy happens leading to unique properties. However, reaching this synergetic effect is not a straightforward task and an accurate control of the interaction between the two counterparts is crucial. During this Ph.D, thin hybrid films (from nanometer to micrometer) were prepared to answer various industrial and academic problematic. Materials dedicated to be used in fingerprint-sensor with very high resolution, to encapsulate biological media for electronic microscopy analysis, to collect an electrical signal or prevent water degradation on screens were elaborated. In order to answer the specific requirements of these different applications, particular molecules were designed to enable a good interaction with the inorganic components and their assembly was carefully adjusted to obtain the desired properties in the resulting material
Seyni, Abdoulaye. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et d'usage de matériaux composites à charge dégradable produits par co-broyage." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7820/1/seyni.pdf.
Full textPons, Michel. "Etude de l'interaction plasma/polymère : influence des propriétés physico-chimiques des polymères et application au développement anisotrope des résines en lithographie submicronique." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10122.
Full textGuillermic, Reine-Marie. "Propriétés physico-chimiques des mousses : études approfondies sur des mousses modèles et études exploratoires sur de nouvelles mousses." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573721.
Full textKabas, Abdel-Basset. "Etude des caractéristiques physico-chimiques et mécaniques des résines époxydes (DGEBA - 3DCM) polymérisées par voie thermique traditionnelle ou micro-ondes." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10281.
Full textHermitte, Laurence. "Corrélation des propriétés physico-chimiques de biopolymères à la réponse cellulaire : Contribution à l'élaboration de nouveaux implants anti-cataracte secondaire." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECDL0015.
Full textAdhesion and proliferation of lens epithelial cells remaining in the capsular bag after cataract surgery can generate a secondary cataract. This post-operative pathology induces a new loss of visual acuity. Physico-chemical characterisation of synthetic surfaces has shown the existence of properties that discriminate materials having sometimes a quite close chemical structure. An in vitro test, simple and sensitive, has confirmed the influence of the polymer chemical formula on the delay and degree of secondary cataract apparition. Thanks to these complementary studies, we have identified surface parameters that play a major role on biological response : hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio, electrical properties, and polymeric chain mobility. The correlations found between polymer physico-chemical properties and cell behaviour allowed us to initiale the development of an efficient anti-secondary caratact lens. The first approach consists in the elaboration of an hydrogel containing carboxylates groups. The results have confirmed previously established correlations between dzeta potentiel or hydophilicity and cell response. The second approach is the grafting of HEMA/MAA oligomers on an hydrogel lens. These new prostheses are injectable and combine good mechanical properties and anti-secondary cataract activity
Paccou, Matthieu. "Caractérisation physique et chimique de suspensions concentrées de calcite." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20190.
Full textProst, Catherine. "Influence des caractéristiques moléculaires sur l'aptitude au filage du polypropylène : les caractéristiques morphologiques des fils et leurs propriétés mécaniques." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10083.
Full textLadavière, Catherine. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques du poly(anhydride maléique-co-méhyl vinyl éther) et de leur rôle sur la synthèse des conjugués copolymères-molécules biologiques." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10180.
Full textSakkas, Démosthène. "Cinétique de copolymérisation et contrôle des propriétés physico-chimiques des résines de polyesters insaturés : élaboration d'un matériau composite pour blindage." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20008.
Full textThommerel, Emmanuel. "Elaboration et études des propriétés physico-chimiques de matériaux composites polymère/métal et piezoélectrique/alumine : extraction, structures et rôle sur l'environnement." Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0009.
Full textNew transducer systems (plezoelectro magnetic or PEM) for deteetion from a distance have been implemented. They are made of two distinct parts: (a) a ceramic-based piezoelectric sensor (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)03 (or PLZT), and (b) an antenna made of metal/polymer composites. The first step was to carry out the physico-chemical study of antennas made of granular metal/polymer. These antennas can be elaborated using mechanical engraving of composite stands which have a similar metal composition to that of electric percolation. Several series of composites were elaborated: the polymer component is polypheovlene sulphur -PPS- and metallic granular phases are successively Al, Fe, Ni, W, Zn. Each composite in the whole range of metal volume fraction (from 0 to 1) was tested by electrical complex spectrometry. The electric responses (R. L and C components function of metal volume fraction) were modelled by resorting to medium effective approximation (MEA): a new approach taking into account the diversity of size distribution was developed. This approach makes it possible to closely link electric responses to the distributions and sizes of metallic grains. The percolation theory was also used. Critical exponents (s and t) stemming from laws in power were determined for each composite family, so as to interpret the conductance values, under (law in (-3>}'!) and over (law in (-C)') the percolation point (volume fraction <&cl. In order to assess the resistance to corrosion in an acid environment, a corrosion study according to the time of these systems was carried out. The percolation model was put into practice: because of corrosion, critical exponents evolve according to time. The second step was to carry out a study of piezo electric ceramics elaborated from composites (PLZT)/alumina. The role of alumina is to modulate the piezoelectric characteristics so as to permit a certain frequency discrimination of the markers. Polarised composites were characterised by X rays diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electric measures by electrical complex made it possible to characterize the performance to the neighbourhood of ceramic/electrode systems resonance frequency. The increase in alumina content results in a decrease of resonance frequency and a weakening of resonance amplitude. Modelling through an equivalent electric circuit RLC has made it possible to ascribe the modifications of piezoelectric responses (frequency and resonance amplitude) to the modifications of the piezoelectric phase PLZT and the ceramic micro structure, resulting from a presence of an alumina phase inserted in the ceramic. The growth of the R resistance is thus clearly attributed to the degradation of me piezoelectric phases. The increase of C capacity is linked to the reduction of elastic constants. This reduction is induced by weaker grain boundaries. The L inductance associated with medium masses of the system stays practically unchanged considering the limited content in alumina
Dupin, Stephane. "Etude fondamentale de la transformation du polyamide 12 par frittage laser : mécanismes physico-chimiques et relations microstructures/propriétés." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0062/document.
Full textAdditive processing technologies are aimed at manufacturing parts directly from a computer-aided design (CAD) file, without the need for tooling. Therefore flexibility of production increases and manufacturing of small to mid-size series of very complex or even customized parts becomes possible within reduced development time and expenses. Because of the good mechanical properties obtained in the parts, the most commonly used among additive technologies for polymers is laser sintering (LS). The objective of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the different physical mechanisms involved during laser sintering of polyamide 12 powders. Many operating variables impact the laser sintering process. Especially, the energy supplied to the powder with the laser beam depends on its power, its displacement velocity and the scan spacing. Moreover, the polymer material undergoes a quite severe thermal treatment : before its sintering, the powder is preheated, then in the build tank the sintered parts and the un-sintered surrounding powder remain until the end of the job at elevated temperatures. This thermal history induces ageing, which modifies some powder features and hinders its future reuse. The influence of the parameters mentioned above on the part microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. Moreover the use of different polyamide 12 powders enabled to identify the key material characteristics towards the physical processes involved in LS and towards the final properties of parts. The laser sintering of semi-crystalline polymers is governed by several fundamental mechanisms: melting of particles, interdiffusion of macromolecular chains at interfaces, coalescence of molten particles, then densification and finally crystallisation. The study and modelling of crystallisation were carried out with one of the PA12 powders used in the first part of this work. From this modelling, the time during which the polymer remains in the molten state during the process was estimated. Next, a rheological analysis made within the framework of linear viscoelasticity of polymer melts allowed to compute the interdiffusion time of the macromolecular chains. Moreover, the coalescence process of molten particles was observed at different temperatures and modeled. The characteristic times thus estimated for these physical processes were opposed to the time during which the polymer remains in the molten state and confirmed the good consolidation obtained by laser sintering of polyamide 12. In conclusion this work contributes to understand the different physico-chemical mechanisms involved during polymer laser sintering by specifying the relations between powder parameters, process variables and final properties of parts. Many recommendations for the optimisation of powder properties can be derived from this work for the purpose of developing new polymeric materials adapted to this process
Mertz, Grégory. "Evolution des propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques de composites à base caoutchoucs lors du photo-vieillissement." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL074N/document.
Full textRubbers or mostly polymers are exposed to different attacks from the surroundings during their uses. Two factors are known to be among the most important involved during aging: atmospheric oxygen and UV-visible radiation from the sun, leading to the phenomenon of photo-oxidation. Photo-ageing is governed by the light penetration and diffusion of oxygen, which involve the formation of an oxidative layer on the first microns at the surface of the material. The main objective of this thesis is to point out the relationship between the changes in the chemical structure due to the formation of the oxidative layer and the loss of mechanical properties during photo-aging of vulcanised rubber in the presence of fillers such as titanium dioxide and organic dye by means of a multi-techniques and multi-scale approach.To achieve this goal, we first simplified the vulcanized material and we focused only on the matrix and fillers. This first step allowed us to determine the influence of fillers on the mechanisms of photo-oxidation of unvulcanised rubber. This study helped to better understand more complex materials such as vulcanised rubbers. In the second study, we focused on the physic-chemical characterization of the degraded layer formed during irradiation of vulcanised rubber. After that, we compared the results with the loss of the mechanical properties observed during aging. This study highlighted a link between the changes of the chemical structure related to the properties of the oxidized layer and the loss of the mechanical properties
Chariere, Romain. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux polymères composites allégés à base de micro-sphères creuses modifiées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN061.
Full textIn recent years the interest in the use of hollow glass microspheres as polymer fillers has increased considerably due to their low density, high resistance and low thermal conductivity. The resulting composites are widely used in marine and aerospace applications but also in the automotive industry. However, composites have significant mechanical deficiencies such as drastically reduced fracture elongation and reduced yield strength. These limits are directly related to the properties of the interfaces between the microspheres and the matrix. The aim of the study is to measure the possible gains from modifying these interfaces and to deepen the understanding of the mechanical phenomena occur on the spheres-matrix interfaces.Study materials consisting of a polypropylene matrix (used in the automotive industry) and modified microspheres (chemically modified either by silanisation or by grafting copolymer chains ethylene glycol-dimethoacrylate) are produced by extrusion/compounding and injection. Fine experimental characterization of the composites and its various phases was carried out and analyses of the spatial distribution of the microspheres in the matrix were carried out by tomographic image processing. Mechanical tests were carried out to measure the properties of the composites and the crystalline modifications of the polymer brought to light.In parallel, a multiscale approach, based on numerical simulations by FFT (Amitex), allowing to deduce the homogeneous mechanical behaviour of the composite from its microstructure, was implemented. The use of composite voxels has been investigated on this type of microstructure: the resolution required to obtain a converged response is greatly reduced
Dumaine, Laurent. "Corrélation entre les propriétés physico-chimiques de polymères permettant de moduler la prolifération cellulaire et celles permettant de favoriser le glissement de lentilles intraoculaires." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2004. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ldumaine.pdf.
Full textLens epithelial cells remaining in the capsular bag after cataract surgery can generate a secondary cataract. This pathology induces a new loss of visual acuity. The physico-chemical characterization of the intraocular lenses surfaces and the study of the cellular response on these materials allowed us to determine parameters to modulate the cellular proliferation : hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio, electrical properties and polymeric chain mobility. Corneal Industrie developed an injector in order to decrease injection risles due to surgeors gestures during the cataract surgery. However, a friction problem appears between the IOL and the injector. The parameters that play a role on the friction are : the components of the free surface energy, hydrophilic ratio, polymeric chain mobility for the injector and lthe basic component of the free surface energy for the IOL
Staeger, Maud. "Influence de l'addition de polymères photoréticulables sur les propriétés physico-chimiques d'un adhésif sensible à la pression thermofusible : application aux panneaux d'étanchéité de portières d'automobile." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS028.
Full textLaubé, Florian. "Compréhension des phénomènes physicochimiques régissant l’adhésion et la formulation de vernis à ongles à base de résines biosourcées : approches in silico et in vitro." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R014.
Full textSeveral billion nail polishes are sold every year throughout the world, and the market is still fast-growing. Despite a tightening of regulations over the past twenty years, the composition of varnishes remains problematic from an environmental point of view. The main obstacle to reach a 100% bio-based varnish is the secondary film-forming agent, or resin, which provides the additional adhesion, the gloss and the stability that nitrocellulose lacks. In this context, we have focused on understanding the physicochemistry of these complex systems in order to assist the design of new compatible biosourced resins through the establishment of structures-properties relationships. First, complete physicochemical characterizations (surface aspect and surface energy, composition, permeability) were carried out on native nails and two semi-synthetic models. An adhesion test was developed to evaluate the adhesion of formulations onto substrates. Correlated to physicochemical characterizations, these results allowed to identify the best model of the native nail and highlighted the adhesion mechanisms at the varnish-nail interface. In parallel, the "benchmarks" resins were characterized in order to define precise specifications according to their application performances. Thanks to the adaptation of prediction tools to polymers, we managed to link structural modifications to solubility and was validated using synthesized model oligoesters. The impact of some structural features on the gloss or the hardness of resins has been highlighted and the identified structures-properties relationships were confirmed through the evaluation of the performances of new bio-based polyester resins
Mathlouthi, Chourouk. "Étude des propriétés thermodynamiques et dynamiques des polymères confinés en géométrie nanoparticules." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI035/document.
Full textThe impact of confinement on the physical properties of polymers is an important topic for both fundamental and academic aspects and has gathered an intensive interest within the polymer physics community. In particular the relationship between the glass transition (Tg) and the dynamic of confined polymers has remained the center of a controversial debate over the past two decades. While the glass transition measured by thermal expansion is remarkably decreased in thin films, the alpha dynamic of polymers was found to be invariant, which can be seen as incoherence with the time-temperature superposition. To search the origin of these controversies and answer the questions posed in this debate, we focus the study on the thermal properties of confined polystyrene in the compact structure with a high surface area such as nanoparticles. Even though the particles geometry exhibit several advantages such as higher free surface and mild processing method, only few studies have been carried out on it compared to that on the thin films.The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the behavior of Tg and the dynamics of confined polystyrene in particles in the close packed structure, where the spherical particles are separated by voids, and to compare them to their corresponding bulk. We investigate the kinetic of void closure to quantify the α-dynamic of confined polystyrene in particles. We extract information about the heat capacity (Cp) from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. We show that the Cp of confined polystyrene is similar to that of bulk in the glassy regime and deviates from it between Tg -30 ° C and Tg. The magnitude of this deviation increases with increasing the free surface area. This was interpreted by the existence and the propagation of a mobile layer on the free surface or the existence of a zone with higher expansion coefficient. On the other hand, the α-dynamic probed via the void closure in the area where Cp increases was found to exhibit a bulk behavior.A second objective of this thesis is to investigate the physical aging of confined polystyrene in particles in the glassy regime. We quantify the enthalpy recovery during aging of both confined polystyrene and their corresponding bulk at various temperatures and aging times. We show that the physical aging process depends on the processing history of the polymer and is highly affected by the confinement
Chikh, Amirouche. "Étude des mélanges PHBV/PBS et des mélanges hybrides PHBV/PBS/sépiolite : préparation, caractérisation physico-mécanique et durabilité." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS496/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work was to study the structure-properties relationships of biopolymerblends based on poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and polybutylene succinate (PBS). The work was devised into three parts. The first part was devoted to the study of the properties of PHBV/PBS blends prepared by melt compounding at different weight ratio in terms of morphology and properties. The results obtained were discussed in terms of properties and compared with the neat polymers. The second part was devoted to the study of compatibility of PHBV/PBS blends aiming to improve the interactions at the interface between the two components. The effects of both sepiolite (5% wt.) and PHBV-g-MA (5% wt.) were studied in terms of properties. The results showed a synergistic effect between the compatibilizer PHBV-g-MA and the nanofiller sepiolite though an increase in thermal, mechanical and rheological properties. The last part dealing with the recyclability of PHBV/PBS through the study of the effects of repeated extrusion cycles on the properties of materials. The results showed that after 6 reprocessing cycles the thermo-mechanical degradation of PHBV is significantly reduced in the presence of PBS
Dumat, Camille. "Effet de macromolécules organiques sur la capacité des argiles à adsorber le césium." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20199.
Full textTermoss, Hussein. "Préparation de revêtements de nitrure de bore (BN) par voie polymère précéramique : étude des paramètres d’élaboration : caractérisations physico-chimiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10145/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to prepare boron nitride coatings onto different substrates using the Polymers Derived Ceramics (PDCs) approach. In that way, BN coatings were obtained onto graphite, pure silica and metal especially titanium. The first part of this thesis was to study parameters (of the solution used and of the dip-coating process), to obtain the best coatings in terms of morphology, cristallinity and chemical composition. The second part was dedicated to BN coatings obtained onto metal substrates using an alternative thermal treatment allowing the polymer-to-ceramic conversion without any damage for the metal. Actually, annealing by infrared irradiation allows heating only the coating, energy being reflected by the metal
Crohare, Adeline. "Mélanges de polymères thermoplastiques, compatibilisés par des liquides ioniques, pour le développement de multifilaments." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI029.
Full textThis work highlights the role of ionic liquids (ILs) as compatibilizers in immiscible polymer blends to increase the springback of polyamide or polyester multiyarns due to the presence of elastomeric nodules. The influence of ionic liquid nature on the morphology of PA66/rubber and PET/rubber blends and on thermal, rheological and mechanical properties has been investigated. The incorporation of only 1 wt% of ionic liquids leads to a decrease of interfacial tension between the polymers. The morphology of blends can be tuned by the chemical nature of ionic liquids to reduce largely the nodule size of the dispersed phase and/or to generate fibrillar shape morphology. The reduction of particles size leads to an improvement of mechanical properties with an increase of elongation at break and the same stiffness. Moreover the incorporation of IL has no effect on the viscosity of blends. Several formulations could be spun and prototypes of fabric and tennis racket strings could be made with multiyarns
Saulnier, Florence. "Influence de traitements physico-chimiques des renforts sur le comportement mécanique des composites à base de co-produits de bois." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959532.
Full textLavnevich, Leonid. "Assemblage supramoléculaire à base de cyclodextrines et ses applications." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2020SORUS091.pdf.
Full textNature and years of evolution have produced architectures of impressive sophistication, made up of several elementary bricks that assemble in a remarkably controlled manner to give a functional structure. Imitating this type of architecture with simple and synthetic species is one of the major scientific challenges. In this project we focused on developing a system based on cyclodextrins, which is a natural and low cost sugar. A chemically modified cyclodextrin is capable of self-assembling into small oligomers through host-guest interaction. A side group can be added and depending on its nature this oligomer can then interact either with nucleic acids or with multivalent surfaces. Thus in this work, we conducted a structural study of the supramolecular assembly, recalling the structure and functions of the Tobacco mosaic virus, by high-resolution cryo-EM, 3D reconstruction, SPR and X-ray diffraction. In addition, we performed functionalization of the monomers by inhibitory epitopes and explored their use as multivalent supramolecular inhibitors of glycosidases and influenza virus
Lallart, Adeline. "Ultra propreté : des microgouttes aux nanoparticules." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY019/document.
Full textWith the evolution of microelectronics and the miniaturization of the various components at the nanoscale, the size of the critical particles to be removed during the manufacturing process has been drastically reduced. Indeed, this critical size is currently of the order of 10 nm. Cleaning processes must therefore be able to remove these particles without surfaces damage. In order to answer this challenge, two methods are studied in this work: the use of a spray and the joint application of a polymer layer and a spray.The spray has been used for many years in the microelectronics field. However, the mechanism of particles detachment by this method is still not assimilated. The purpose of this study is to better understand it. Thus, different parameters will be studied leading to the development of a detachment model, showing new variables related to the cleaning process, contamination (nature and particle size) or the storage conditions of surfaces.For its part, the process by using a combination of polymer layer and spray is in full development, but little information is available today. Nevertheless, early studies have demonstrated its ability to clean surfaces with patterns and its effectiveness regardless of the size of the contamination. In this work, different methods of the polymer layer removal will be compared as well as some physicochemical properties specific to it. The objective is to detect key parameters influencing particle removal and to propose a premise of elucidation of the physical mechanisms involved
Sinquin, Anne. "Alginates associatifs : synthèse et étude physico-chimique en milieu aqueux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL035N.
Full textTassin, Jean-François. "Analyse des processus moléculaires de relaxation de chaines dans les polymères en cours d'étirage : confrontation avec le modèle de Doi-Edwards." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066492.
Full textRuellan, Alexandre. "Conception raisonnée à l’aide de la formulation et du procédé d’un film souple biosourcé et biodégradable pour l’emballage alimentaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0032.
Full textThe use of renewable resources and the production of biodegradable materials are appropriate solutions to reduce the environmental impact of the sector of plastics. There is thus a demand for eco-friendly products on the market provided they obtain performance equal or superior to synthetic materials currently used. One possibility, widely used in the food sector, to achieve efficient packaging film is the creation of multilayer structures by combining advantageous properties of different plastics. In this case, recycling of materials is difficult and the biodegradability of the packaging becomes relevant. This study proposes designing biobased and biodegradable films for food packaging from polylactide and co- products of the oil mill industry as additives, in particular the deodorization condensates. Among these lasts, the partial solubility of their molecules and the synergetic effect of the liquid and solid fat components at room temperature, depending on their alkyl chain length and unsaturation ratio, have both been observed to be responsible for the ductility increase, while the higher than room temperature glass transition of PLA and its interesting rigidity were retained. Addition of PHBV to the formulated PLA with oil by-products has also been studied, mainly leading to a significant improvement in the thermomechanical resistance of the material. Scaled-up trials comprising the production of formulated pellets, cast extruded films and their printing using industrial devices were performed. Finally, with the help of the “Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais” (LNE), the compliance with requirements of Food Contact Material regulation of a formulated film of PLA, as well as its biodegradability according to the EN 13432 standard, have both been proved
Li, Yan. "Switchable and chirally-amplified helices formed by hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers for asymmetric catalysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS223.pdf.
Full textBenzene 1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) supramolecular helical polymers were utilized as a dynamic and chirally-amplified scaffold for copper catalysts implemented in the asymmetric hydrosilylation of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanone. The catalytic helices are composed of a phosphine-functionalized BTA ligand and of enantiopure BTA comonomers. We have developed the switchable ability and improved the chirality amplification properties of this new class of BTA helical catalysts. Firstly, we successfully switched the handedness of the helices in real time by changing the nature of the major enantiopure comonomer in the co-assemblies. Then it allows controlling the configuration of the stereogenic centres formed during the consecutive transformation of a single substrate or a mixture of subtrates. Secondly, the helical co-assemblies are disrupted and restored by adding suitable salts, which switch the catalytic outcome between non-selective and selective states in a reversible manner. Thirdly, the extent of amplification of chirality in the helical co-assemblies as probed by the sergeants-and-soldiers effect and majority-rule effect are hugely exalted upon incorporation of an achiral BTA additive. Moreover the improvement of the chirality amplification properties by addition of this achiral additive also holds for catalytic BTA mixtures Finally, we investigate the self-assembly properties of N-substituted benzene-1-urea-3,5-biscarboxamide (BUBA) monomers, in which one amide function has been replaced by an urea function. The chirality amplification properties and extent of cooperativity are slightly higher for BUBA monomers, respectively to BTA monomers
Jager, Stéphanie. "Les résines composites fluides utilisées en odontologie : influence du taux de charges." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0053/document.
Full textConservative dentistry has undergone a genuine revolution, with the advent of adhesive dentistry and the development of resin composites combined with dental bonding. The emergence of flowable resin composites 20 years ago further expanded the treatment options open to dental practitioners. The appearance on the market of a large number of resin composites that differ in terms of their matrix type, along with the size and the proportion of the fillers incorporated, combined with a lack of information from manufacturers concerning the exact compositions of their products, means that practitioners do not really know all the characteristics of the materials they are using. In vitro hypercharacterization of these materials is an important approach to help us gain a better understanding of their properties. In order to assess the impact of variation of filler contents on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of flowable resin composites, we studied two groups of materials: a first group, composed of experimental flowable resin composites with the same matrix and a variable filler content, and a second group, composed of commercially available flowable resin composites. For each of these materials, after determination of the filler content using the calcination method, assessment of their rheological properties (complex viscosity and storage modulus), measurement of microhardness (Vickers microhardness), volumetric setting shrinkage using the glass slide deflection technique, dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis in flexure (storage modulus, loss modulus, damping factor), along with the water absorption and dissolution capacities (determination by thermal gravimetry differential following immersion in different media) are all factors potentially influenced by the said filler contents studied. While the filler content should clearly be one of the decision-making criteria used by practitioners given the influence it seems to have on both mechanical and physicochemical properties, it nonetheless appears that a high filler content is not, in itself, a sufficient guarantee that the material meets the optimum specifications for an ideal filling material. The use of deformulated flowable composite resins with a variable filler content makes it possible to assess the role of the dispersed phase. However, a parallel study of commercially available materials highlights the influence of the matrix type and the various monomeric entities included in the polymer structure
El, Moujahid Chaouki. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de systèmes aqueux de tensioactifs non ioniques fluorés." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10009.
Full textMartin, Amélie. "Sulfonation du polyfluorure de vinylidène (PVDF) : Analyse structurale par RMN multinoyaux {1H, 13C, 19F}." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NORMR117.
Full textThe aim of the present work was to understand the sulfonation process of PVDF by chlorosulfonic acid in order to obtain polymer membranes with an optimal sulfonation degree for their further use in PEMFC.At the beginning, the influence of temperature, reaction time and acid concentration on sulfonation was evaluated. The data obtained by FTIR, EA, TGA, DSC and NMR analysis made it possible to reveal the sulfonation mechanism and to show that dehydrofluorination is a necessary and essential condition for the PVDF sulfonation.Taking this to account, the dehydrofluorination of PVDF (d_PVDF) by a strong base, DBU, was initiated and the sulfonation was carried out for the dehydrofluorinated products (S_d_PVDF). The products obtained were analyzed by FTIR, EA, TGA, DSC and NMR in solid-state and the changes in chain mobility due to the sulfonation were correlated with the polymer physico-chemical properties
Kahouli, Abdelkader. "Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et (di)-électriques du parylène C en couche mince." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627040.
Full textDurand, Anne. "Relations entre la composition des bitumes et leurs propriétés physico-chimiques. Application à la formulation des liants modifiés bitume-EVA." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES082.
Full textKahouli, Abdelkader. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques et (di-)électriques du parylène C en couche mince." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT019.
Full textThis work of thesis consisted in undertaking a thorough study of the physicochemical properties of theparylene C, which is a chlorinated polymer, in relationship with its electric and dielectric properties. These lastdetermined mainly the behavior of the permittivity and the dielectric losses according to the temperature (ofnitrogen up to 300 °C) on a wide frequency range (10-4Hz – 1 MHz). The analyses by x-rays diffraction showedthat this polymer had a a - monoclinical crystalline structure with a rate of crystallinity of 45 %. This rate isslightly depending on the thickness for layers thicknesses higher than 50 nm. Specific annealing applied to theparylene C made it possible to modify the rate of crystallinity and values from 30% to 75 % of crystallinitycould be obtained. A linear relation between the rate of crystallinity and the temperature of annealing wasproposed. The dielectric analyses made it possible to highlight three principal mechanisms of relaxation: b, g,a. In addition, a mechanism of interfacial polarization (Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars) was identified at hightemperature (beyond the glass transition). The molecular mobility of the chains around the glass transitionwas analyzed in-depth and the results (index of fragility, thermodynamic parameters...) were positionedcompared to the data of the literature concerning of other polymers
Raynaud, Jean-Pierre. "Etude d'un nouvel exopolysaccharide fongique : identification de la souche productrice ; optimisation de la production ; propriétés physico-chimiques du polymère." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30313.
Full textCastro, Cabrera Isis. "Epoxy vitrimer materials based on disulfide exchange chemistry : experimental study and modeling of the stress relaxation - application to composites reinforced by nanofibrillated cellulose." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0010.
Full textEpoxy thermoset resins have drawn the attention of many industries due to their versatility, from adhesives to polymer composites. Yet, the re-processability, sustainability, and durability of resins limit their use. The covalent adaptable networks (CANs) like vitrimers can afford a solution to overcome these issues. The epoxy resin, DGEBA‒4-APDS, based on the disulfide exchange chemistry, has shown re-processability properties, but its vitrimer properties have not been fully verified. In the present work, all the vitrimer properties are reviewed to classify it as a vitrimer material. Interestingly, the vitrimer exchange operating temperature (Tv) is close to its glass transition (Tg). So, its relaxation behavior, slightly above Tg, is influenced by the bond exchange reactions and the segmental relaxations of the network. Thus, an adapted stress relaxation model that considers both relaxation phenomena is proposed. This developed rheological model leads to evaluate the epoxy vitrimer matrix reinforced by nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC). The vitrimer composite made with NFC performs a sustainable lightweight material and exhibits mechanical properties similar to non-covalent adaptable networks. A preliminary study to increase material durability has consisted in the NFC surface modification by glycidoxy silane coupling agent. A simple NFC grafting method is proposed, and the surface characterization of the silane network surrounding the NFC is well-explored
Dupin, Stéphane. "Etude fondamentale de la transformation du polyamide 12 par frittage laser : mécanismes physico-chimiques et relations microstructures/propriétés." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782461.
Full textFischer, Arnaud. "Synthèse de nouveaux copolymères amphiphiles cationiques a blocs par voie radicalaire contrôlée et examen de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques en solution aqueuse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL069N.
Full textRmaidi, Assia. "Vecteurs synthétiques et approche mécano-biologique permettant d’optimiser l’utilisation des cellules souches en médecine régénérative." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0014.
Full textAn approach to regenerative nervous system medicine is to develop biological substitutes with restorative function using stem cells and biomaterials that can be coated with extracellular matrix molecules. We have developed pharmacologically active microcarriers, PAMs. These are PLGA based, biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric microspheres (MS) coated with adhesion molecules that provide 3-dimensional support for cells. The microcarriers thus associated with the stem cells make it possible, after implantation, to increase the survival and maintain the state of differentiation of the cells they carry, reinforcing their tissue repair effects. These PAMs can also release encapsulated growth factors and to enhance the release of encapsulated proteins a new polymer combination: PLGA-Poloxamer188 (P188) -PLGA has been developed in our laboratory. It has also been shown that PLGA-P188-PLGA PAMs functionalized with fibronectin and poly-Dlysineinduce better proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells than PLGA PAMs. These cells are very widely used in regenerative medicine because they are easy to collect, found in the bone marrow, and able to differentiate towards the chondrogenic lineage, osteogenic and under certain conditions,neuronal. We are working with a subpopulation of these cells called MIAMI cells (marrow isolated adult multilineage inducible) that engage in neuronal cell differentiation after treatment with 2growth factors (EGF / bFGF) and on a laminin matrix support. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the physicochemical properties of polymeric supports also regulate the behavior of stem cells (adhesion, survival and differentiation). The objective of this study is to study the effect of physicochemical and mechanical properties of surfaces i) MS on laminin and poly-D-lysineadsorption and ii) PAMs on adhesion and neuronal differentiation of MIAMI cells. We have shown that the presence of the hydrophilic "poloxamer 188" block in the PLGA-P188-PLGA polymer composition decreases the adsorption of adhesion molecules by forming a layer on these surfaces.On PLGA PAMs, the adhesion molecules adsorb well regardless of the overall charge of the molecules. These two PAMs have a positive overall charge and allow the attachment of cells to their surface. However, in short-term cell adhesion is stronger on PLGA PAMs compared to PLGA-P188-PLGA PAMs, but in the long-term the cells eventually adhere to both supports. PLGA-P188-PLGAhas a high free surface energy and these PAMs have a less rigid surface than PLGA PAMs. Our results suggest that these surface characteristics allow cells to adhere despite the low amount of laminin on these supports. In the long-term the cells exhibit the same behavior whatever the type of PAMs. They differentiate into neuronal cells expressing mature neuron markers such as the neurofilament-M and we find the same number of cells adhered to their surface. Furthermore, we have shown that cells are able to secrete extracellular matrix molecules in the same way on both types of PAMs, probably explaining the similarity of the behavior in long-term
Sutapa, Ignasius Dwi Atmana. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et décantabilité des boues activées en relation avec le transfert d'oxygène et la biofloculation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL068N.
Full textRattanapan, Suwat. "Preparation and Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Foam Prepared from Modified Natural Rubber and Poly(ε-caprolactone)." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1036/document.
Full textThe aim of this research was to prepare a bio-based polyurethane foam (PUF) containing hydroxyl telechelic oligomers from natural rubber (HTNR) and waste tire crumbs (HTWT) and polycaprolactone diol (PCL) as soft segments. The studied parameters included type of polyols and molar ratio between HTNR/PCL and HTWT/PCL. The molecular weight of HTNR and HTWT derived from 1H-NMR spectra were 1,800 and 1,400 g/mol, respectively. The molecular weight of PCL diol was 2000 g/mol. The effect of HTNR/PCL and HTWT/PCL molar ratio (1/0, 1/0.5, 1/1 and 0.5/1) on the foam formation rate and physical and chemical properties of the resulting PUF was investigated. The chemical structure of HTNR, HTWT and PUF were confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR. PCL diol provided faster reaction, thus higher PCL diol content showed higher foam formation rate. The foam density slightly changed with the molar ratio whereas the specific tensile strength of all samples was in the same range. The average diameter of cell increased with increasing contents of PCL diol. The addition of PCL diol resulted in reduced elongation at break and compressive strength. The cellular structure observed by SEM micrographs of HTNR based foams showed an almost closed cell. The biodegradability was assessed according to a modified Sturm test. Low density polyethylene and sodium benzoate were used as a negative and positive control sample, respectively. PUF samples showed an induction time of 33 days in which the percentage of biodegradation was 7-11%. The biodegradation of PUF containing only HTNR was 8.4% and 31.89% at 28 days and 60 days of testing respectively whereas the PUF containing 1/0.5 HTNR/PCL (by mole) showed a higher biodegradation: 11.31% and 45.6% at 28 days and 60 days of testing respectively. The molar ratio of HTWT/PCL strongly affected the kinetic rate of foam formation and foam morphology. According to SEM micrographs, polyhedral closed cells were observed. The addition of the PCL diol increased the thermal degradation temperature of the PUF based on TGA results. A low kinetic rate provided PUF with a high density, small cell size and a broad cell size distribution. The biodegradation of PUF containing only HTWT was 31.2% and 51.3% at 28 days and 60 days of testing respectively whereas the PUF containing 1/0.5 HTWT/PCL diols (by mole) showed a higher biodegradation: 39.1% and 64.3% at 28 days and 60 days of testing respectively. The foam formation rate of HTWT based PUF was higher than the one of HTNR based PUF. All HTWT based PUF have a higher density than HTNR based PUF. The HTWT based PUF had an inferior cell size in comparison to HTNR based PUF. The cellular structure of HTNR based and HTWT based PUF were different, but all PUFs showed almost closed cells. The HTWT based PUF had a higher thermal degradation temperature and biodegradation properties than foams from HTNR
วัตถุประสงค์ของงานวิจัยนี้ เพื่อทำการเตรียมโฟมพอลิยูรีเทนชีวภาพ (PUF) จากยางธรรมชาติดัดแปรที่มีหมู่ปลายไฮดรอกซิล (HTNR) ยางคลัมบ์ดัดแปรที่มีหมู่ปลาย ไฮดรอกซิล (HTWT) และพอลิคาโปรแลคโทน (PCL) ศึกษาผลของชนิดพอลิออล และสัดส่วนโดยโมลระหว่าง HTNR/PCL และ HTWT/PCL ที่สัดส่วน 1/0, 1/0.5, 1/1 และ 0.5/1 โดยโมล นํ้าหนักโมเลกุลของ HTNR, HTWT และ PCL ที่ใช้สำหรับงานวิจัยนี้ คำนวณจาก 1H-NMR คือ 1,800, 1,400 และ 2,000 g/mol ตามลำดับ ลักษณะโครงสร้างทางเคมีของ HTNR, HTWT และPUF สามารถวิเคราะห์และยืนยันด้วยเทคนิค FTIR และ 1H-NMR รวมถึงทำการวัดอัตราการก่อโฟม (Foam formation rate) ทดสอบสมบัติทางกายภาพ ทางเคมี และสมบัติการย่อยสลายทางชีวภาพ พบว่าในกรณีของโฟมพอลิยูรีเทนจาก HTNR/PCL เมื่อใช้ PCL ในปริมาณที่มากขึ้นจะส่งผลให้อัตราการก่อโฟมเร็วขึ้น และขนาดของเซลโฟมมีขนาดใหญ่ขึ้นด้วย ในขณะที่ค่าความหนาแน่น และความต้านทานต่อแรงดึงจำเพาะมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงเล็กน้อย การเติม PCL ในส่วนผสมของโฟมยังส่งผลให้ความสามารถในการยืด ณ จุดขาด และความทนทานต่อการกดมีค่าลดลง การคืนตัวหลังการกดของโฟม PUF2 (สัดส่วนระหว่าง HTNR/PCL = 1/0.5) จะให้ค่าตํ่าที่สุดคือ 40% ลักษณะของโฟมที่ได้จากการทดลองนี้โดยส่วนใหญ่จะเป็นแบบเซลปิด ความสามารถในการย่อยสลายทางชีวภาพของโฟม ทดสอบโดยใช้วิธี Sturm Test มี LDPE เป็นตัวเปรียบเทียบเชิงลบ และใช้ Sodium benzoate เป็นตัวเปรียบเทียบเชิงบวก พบว่าโฟมเริ่มมีการย่อยสายเกิดขึ้นอย่างเห็นได้ชัดที่เวลา 33 วัน มีเปอร์เซ็นต์การย่อยสลายในช่วง 7-11 เปอร์เซ็นต์ เปอร์เซ็นต์การย่อยสลายของโฟมจาก HTNR (PUF1) อยู่ที่ระดับ 8.4 และ 31.89 เปอร์เซ็นต์ และเปอร์เซ็นต์การย่อยสลายของโฟมจาก HTNR/PCL (1/0.5) อยู่ที่ระดับ 11.31 และ 45.6 เปอร์เซ็นต์ ที่เวลาในการทดสอบ 28 และ 60 วัน ตามลำดับ กรณีของโฟมพอลิยูรีเทนจาก HTWT/PCL เมื่อใช้ PCL ในปริมาณที่มากขึ้นจะส่งผลให้ค่าความหนาแน่นสูงขึ้น ขนาดของเซลโฟมลดลงมีการกระจายของเซลในวงกว้างไม่สมํ่าเสมอ เปอร์เซ็นต์การย่อยสลายทางชีวภาพของโฟมจาก HTWT (PUF5) อยู่ที่ระดับ 31.2 และ 51.3 เปอร์เซ็นต์ และเปอร์เซ็นต์การย่อยสลายของโฟมจาก HTWT/PCL (1/0.5) อยู่ที่ระดับ 39.1 และ 64.3 เปอร์เซ็นต์ ที่เวลาในการทดสอบ 28 และ 60 วัน ตามลำดับ เมื่อทำการเปรียบเทียบโฟมที่ได้จากการเตรียมโดยใช้พอลิออลหลักเป็น HTNR และ HTWT พบว่าโฟมจากพอลิออลหลัก HTWT ให้อัตราการก่อตัวของโฟมเร็วกว่า ขนาดของเซลโฟมเล็กกว่า ความหนาแน่น ความต้านทานต่อความร้อน และเปอร์เซ็นต์การย่อยสลายทางชีวภาพสูงกว่า เมื่อเทียบกับโฟมจากพอลิออลหลัก HTNR